2022届高考英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册_Unit 3 Food and Culture 教材串讲课后提升-有答案
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册_Unit 3 Food and Culture 教材串讲课后提升-有答案 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2021-10-17 09:30:48 | ||
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2022高考一轮复习：选择性必修二 Unit 3 教材串讲提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception (感知) of the food in front of us. A new study suggested that our shortterm memory may also play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M．Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
“Hunger isn't controlled merely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal.” Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2016 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380 calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hungerrelated hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more fill when they thought they'd consumed a highercaloric shake.
1．What affects our appetite according to the new study
A．How much we remember eating.
B．What time we eat our last meal.
C．How much we eat our last meal.
D．What ingredients the food contains.
2．The underlined word “echo” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by “________”．
A．indicate B．reflect
C．are supported by D．are improved by
3．What is the main idea of the text
A．Good eating habits contribute to our health.
B．Eating speed often affects our food digestion.
C．Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
D．Our biological need for energy determines our food intake.
B
Until last year, Borris would never turn down a pork steak.By the time his owner, Annemarie Formoy, entered him in the PDSA Pet Fit Club competition, he was 28kg—almost double his recommended weight.Thanks to a tailored sixmonth diet and exercise, he is now 7kg lighter.
Borris, at his heaviest, was not alone.The worldwide rate of pet obesity (肥胖症) lies between 22% and 44%.The reasons are fairly predictable.Owners of overweight dogs feed them more snacks and table leftovers, are more likely to have their pets present as they prepare their own meals and are less likely to walk them daily.Owners of obese cats tend to use food as a reward and play with them less.
But obesity also seems to be occurring even in some wild animals that aren't being overfed or underexercised.If these findings are true, something else must be driving obesity and uncovering those could help solve our own problems with the condition.
“Labradors are consistently the headline act when it comes to overweight dogs，” says Eleanor Raffan, a veterinarian and geneticist.She and fellow researchers discovered that a genetic mutation (基因变异) present in around a quarter of Labradors was associated with obesity.For each copy of the mutation—which occurred in a gene called POMC—a dog was about 2kg heavier.Most of the animals the researchers studied had one copy of the mutation, but fewer had two.
“These dogs are always in the kitchen when owners are preparing food, sticking around scouring__a__titbit even if there's not much chance of getting food, or eating disgusting stuff on walks，” Raffan says.“But they're not doing that because it's fun.They're doing it because they're hungry.”
That's because POMC mutations disturb the brain's function of controlling food intake and energy consumption.As a result, the behaviour of these Labradors becomes very foodmotivated.
4．What is the function of mentioning Borris in the beginning
A．Stress obesity is common in pets.
B．Show people's love for pets.
C．Reveal pets have a superior lifestyle.
D．Indicate the need for pets to lose weight.
5．How is paragraph 2 mainly developed
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing causes.
D．By making comparisons.
6．Why are Labradors ranked first among obese dogs
A．They tend to be lazy by nature.
B．They all carry POMC genes.
C．Their owners often overfeed them.
D．Many of them have POMC mutations.
7．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in paragraph 5
A．Look for something to eat.
B．Take up the kitchen.
C．Get something down.
D．Make up to their owners.
Ⅱ.七选五
The Slow Food Movement started in Rome, Italy in 1986.When a new McDonald's was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food.We want slow food！”
1．________One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal.But the food didn't taste the same as he remembered.He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low.This deeply concerned Carlo.
Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special.So he started a group to encourage this idea.It soon became the Slow Food Movement.2.________
First, what is good food Good food is fresh.The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown.The fish hasn't been sitting for days before it is eaten.Good food is seasonable.3.________Good food satisfies the senses.It should look good, smell good and taste good.And finally, good food is cultural food.Each country has special foods that make it different.
Second, food should be clean.Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food.Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants.But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms.4.________Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.
And third, food should be fair.5.________All people should be able to purchase healthy food.The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work.They should work in safe, healthy conditions.
A．Food should not cost too much money.
B．Its goal is to have good, clean, fair food for all people.
C．Over time, they can cause health problems in people too.
D．That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.
E．It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.
F．Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.
G．This event wasn't the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.
Ⅲ.语法填空
I once made a serious mistake in my life and I will never forget it. My deskmate is a boy from the countryside, and he always admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel 1.____________(encourage) by his compliments(赞美)．
One day, 2.____________ we learned the new word “eccentric” in class, we 3.____________(ask) to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying“My deskmate is an eccentric boy 4.____________ clothes never fit him.” Hearing this, the whole class burst into 5.____________(laugh) and my deskmate's face turned red.6.____________ class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate 7.____________(drop) out of school if he hadn't been helped by others. My mindless words must have hurt him 8.____________(deep)．
Not until then did I realize that words could be powerful 9.____________ both positive and negative ways. What we should always remember is that we should try our best not 10.____________ (hurt) others if we can't always be encouraging when we speak.
参考答案
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
1-3 ACC
B
4-7 ACDA
Ⅱ.七选五
1-5 GBECA
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．encouraged 2．when 3．were asked 4．whose 5．laughter
6. After 7．would have dropped 8．deeply 9．in 10．to hurt
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception (感知) of the food in front of us. A new study suggested that our shortterm memory may also play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M．Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
“Hunger isn't controlled merely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal.” Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2016 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380 calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hungerrelated hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more fill when they thought they'd consumed a highercaloric shake.
1．What affects our appetite according to the new study
A．How much we remember eating.
B．What time we eat our last meal.
C．How much we eat our last meal.
D．What ingredients the food contains.
2．The underlined word “echo” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by “________”．
A．indicate B．reflect
C．are supported by D．are improved by
3．What is the main idea of the text
A．Good eating habits contribute to our health.
B．Eating speed often affects our food digestion.
C．Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
D．Our biological need for energy determines our food intake.
B
Until last year, Borris would never turn down a pork steak.By the time his owner, Annemarie Formoy, entered him in the PDSA Pet Fit Club competition, he was 28kg—almost double his recommended weight.Thanks to a tailored sixmonth diet and exercise, he is now 7kg lighter.
Borris, at his heaviest, was not alone.The worldwide rate of pet obesity (肥胖症) lies between 22% and 44%.The reasons are fairly predictable.Owners of overweight dogs feed them more snacks and table leftovers, are more likely to have their pets present as they prepare their own meals and are less likely to walk them daily.Owners of obese cats tend to use food as a reward and play with them less.
But obesity also seems to be occurring even in some wild animals that aren't being overfed or underexercised.If these findings are true, something else must be driving obesity and uncovering those could help solve our own problems with the condition.
“Labradors are consistently the headline act when it comes to overweight dogs，” says Eleanor Raffan, a veterinarian and geneticist.She and fellow researchers discovered that a genetic mutation (基因变异) present in around a quarter of Labradors was associated with obesity.For each copy of the mutation—which occurred in a gene called POMC—a dog was about 2kg heavier.Most of the animals the researchers studied had one copy of the mutation, but fewer had two.
“These dogs are always in the kitchen when owners are preparing food, sticking around scouring__a__titbit even if there's not much chance of getting food, or eating disgusting stuff on walks，” Raffan says.“But they're not doing that because it's fun.They're doing it because they're hungry.”
That's because POMC mutations disturb the brain's function of controlling food intake and energy consumption.As a result, the behaviour of these Labradors becomes very foodmotivated.
4．What is the function of mentioning Borris in the beginning
A．Stress obesity is common in pets.
B．Show people's love for pets.
C．Reveal pets have a superior lifestyle.
D．Indicate the need for pets to lose weight.
5．How is paragraph 2 mainly developed
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing causes.
D．By making comparisons.
6．Why are Labradors ranked first among obese dogs
A．They tend to be lazy by nature.
B．They all carry POMC genes.
C．Their owners often overfeed them.
D．Many of them have POMC mutations.
7．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in paragraph 5
A．Look for something to eat.
B．Take up the kitchen.
C．Get something down.
D．Make up to their owners.
Ⅱ.七选五
The Slow Food Movement started in Rome, Italy in 1986.When a new McDonald's was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food.We want slow food！”
1．________One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal.But the food didn't taste the same as he remembered.He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low.This deeply concerned Carlo.
Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special.So he started a group to encourage this idea.It soon became the Slow Food Movement.2.________
First, what is good food Good food is fresh.The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown.The fish hasn't been sitting for days before it is eaten.Good food is seasonable.3.________Good food satisfies the senses.It should look good, smell good and taste good.And finally, good food is cultural food.Each country has special foods that make it different.
Second, food should be clean.Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food.Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants.But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms.4.________Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.
And third, food should be fair.5.________All people should be able to purchase healthy food.The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work.They should work in safe, healthy conditions.
A．Food should not cost too much money.
B．Its goal is to have good, clean, fair food for all people.
C．Over time, they can cause health problems in people too.
D．That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.
E．It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.
F．Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.
G．This event wasn't the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.
Ⅲ.语法填空
I once made a serious mistake in my life and I will never forget it. My deskmate is a boy from the countryside, and he always admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel 1.____________(encourage) by his compliments(赞美)．
One day, 2.____________ we learned the new word “eccentric” in class, we 3.____________(ask) to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying“My deskmate is an eccentric boy 4.____________ clothes never fit him.” Hearing this, the whole class burst into 5.____________(laugh) and my deskmate's face turned red.6.____________ class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate 7.____________(drop) out of school if he hadn't been helped by others. My mindless words must have hurt him 8.____________(deep)．
Not until then did I realize that words could be powerful 9.____________ both positive and negative ways. What we should always remember is that we should try our best not 10.____________ (hurt) others if we can't always be encouraging when we speak.
参考答案
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
1-3 ACC
B
4-7 ACDA
Ⅱ.七选五
1-5 GBECA
Ⅲ.语法填空
1．encouraged 2．when 3．were asked 4．whose 5．laughter
6. After 7．would have dropped 8．deeply 9．in 10．to hurt