2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：特殊句式课件（27张）

(共27张PPT)
特殊句式
2022高考复习之语法透析
01
知识导图
特殊句式
强调句型
倒装
省略
感叹句
祈使句
there be句型
反意疑问句
陈述句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他．
(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他？
not...until...的强调句：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．
完全倒装
部分倒装
状语从句的省略
不定式的省略
what引导的感叹句
how引导的感叹句
陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
陈述部分含有used to时，疑问词用usedn't 或didn't均可。
陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问词用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。
陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
02
考点精析
考点一　强调句型
1.陈述句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他．(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他？
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是在我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
02
考点精析
2.not...until...的强调句：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．(注意时态)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这里，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
02
考点精析
(1)当强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述句语序。
I wonder who it was that told Jim the news.
我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。
(2)强调谓语动词时，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
02
考点精析
考点二　倒装
倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here、there、now、then、up、down、away、off、in、out、in the room、on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时
完全倒装
部分倒装
否定副词(never、neither、nor、hardly、little、seldom、rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time、by no means、on no condition、in no case等)置于句首时
only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时
“so/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”意为“……也是如此/也不……”
“Not only＋部分倒装， but also...”意为“不仅……而且……”
not until...置于句首时， 主句需部分倒装
So＋adj./adv.＋部分倒装＋that.../Such (a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋部分倒装＋that...意为“如此……以至于……”
02
考点精析
Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist related
activities in the rural areas.　
直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。
We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.
我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。
02
考点精析
John opened the door . There stood a girl he had never seen before.
约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。
With the great honor of being government officials of this nation comes great responsibility.
有幸成为这个国家的政府官员，责任重大。
02
考点精析
考点三　省略
1.状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。
02
考点精析
2.不定式的省略
(1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect、hope、intend、mean、try、want、wish等词后。
Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.　
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。
02
考点精析
(1)如果不定式中含有be、have、have been，通常保留be、have、have been。
(2)特殊的省略结构(常作为插入语来处理)：
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话
02
考点精析
考点四 感叹句
1.what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an(＋adj.)＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！
2.how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋主语＋谓语！
02
考点精析
What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
02
考点精析
考点五 祈使句
祈使句常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't, 也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
02
考点精析
考点六 there be句型
(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用live、remain、stand、lie、exist、seem to be、appear to be、happen to be、used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.　从那时起我们国家发生了很多大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
02
考点精析
(2)there be句型的常考句型：
①There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义；
②There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……；
③There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事；
④There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难；
⑤There is no possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事没有可能性。
02
考点精析
考点七 反意疑问句
反意疑问句由“陈述句＋反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。
1.陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问词用needn't；当为mustn't(不允许、禁止)时其反意疑问词用must。
You must go now, needn't you 你现在必须走，不是吗？
You mustn't smoke here, must you 你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？
02
考点精析
(2)当must表示推测，作“一定、准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动作所表示的时间来确定。
You must have watched the football match last night, didn't you？　
你昨晚一定是看这场足球比赛了，是吧？
02
考点精析
2.陈述部分含有used to时，疑问词用usedn't 或didn't均可。
You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you
你过去常常踢足球，是吗？
3.陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问词用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。
He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he
他应该参加会议，不是吗？
02
考点精析
4.陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
(1)当陈述部分含有seldom、hardly、scarcely、never、few、little、nothing、nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。
He could hardly get up, could he
他几乎起不来了，不是吗？
(2)陈述部分含有表示否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词时，反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。
Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she
玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？
02
考点精析
(3)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。
He said that she would come here on time, didn't he
他说过她会准时来这里，不是吗？
当主句是 I think/believe/suppose...等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定。需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。
I don't think he will attend the meeting on time, will he
我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？
03
方法解读
方法一 熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案
常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”。其判断方法：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。
03
方法解读
方法二 巧用还原法，化难为易
对于一些特殊句型来说，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。
It was in our school hall ____________ our school held a variety show last week.
It is/was...that...为强调句型
that
句子仍完整
04
演练提升
1.It's only when everyone does something to help ________ we can hope to make a difference together.
2.When ________ (view) from the air, one can see that lanes are like a chessboard with delicate gardens, fine rockeries and ancient ruins which make them a wonder in the world.
3.Now I still remember ________ wonderful swimming in the sea was.
4.________ (overcome) it and we will be able to achieve our goals.
that
viewing
how
Overcome
04
演练提升
5.At the top of the hill ________ (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
6.One has reason to believe that China's anti corruption over the past few years, tough ________ it is, has achieved inspiring progress.
7.As far as I can see, ________ is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
lies
as/though
there
04
演练提升
8.—It's nice. Never before ________ I had such a delicious meal!
—I'm glad you enjoy it.
9．________ red was her coat that it stood out against the snow.
10．He offered to get my suitcase out of the trunk. I collected it and walked away. ________ did he.
have
So
So
Thank You！