人教版（2019）必修一：Unit 4 Natural disasters 单元质量检测卷（含答案解析）
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人教版必修一：Unit 4 Natural disasters 单元质量检测卷
一、单词拼写
1.If the tree falls that way, it will ________ (破坏) the house.
2.The local clubs are making every ________ (努力) to interest more young people.
3.Smoking causes d________ not only to your lungs, but also to your heart.
4.All of the family were lucky to s________ the terrible disaster and lead a happy life.
5.In an ________ (紧急情况) or in the event of danger, shut down the machine by pressing the button.
6.It is said that this tornado is the worst natural d________ in South Korea in many years.
二、语法填空
7.It is said that the robot is designed ________ (aid) the old.
8.The ________ (long) of the Hong Kong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge is 55 km and it is the world's longest cross-sea bridge.
9.He felt too ________ (shock) to move, not believing what had happened.
10.________ (strike) by the hurricane, the area had power cuts, but quickly it was back to normal.
11.The behavior of teachers has a great effect ________ the students.
12.Without electricity and the water supply, the town ________ (affect) greatly so far.
13.Within a few days she became seriously ill, ________ (suffer) great pain and discomfort.
14.The driverless cars will help reduce traffic accidents ________ are caused by human drivers' mistakes.
15.I wish to thank Mr. Green, without____________ help I would never have got this far. （用适当的词填空）
16.Lucy is a smart girl____________ ideas are always inspiring.
17.It is the first American movie of this kind____________ I've ever seen.
18.Do you know the things and persons____________ they are talking about
19.Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people____________ we want to remain friends with.
20.I read a report about his new novel____________ will soon be published.
21.Anyone____________ failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
22.Do you remember the days ________ we spent walking along the seashore very happily
三、翻译
23.只有在希腊出生的人才能被容许成为古代奥运会的参赛者。
Only those ________ were born in Greece could ________ ________ ________ competitors in the ancient Olympic Games.
24.他昨天在机场丢失的那台手提电脑是IBM的。
The computer __________________________________________at the airport yesterday is an IBM laptop.(lose)
四、阅读理解
A
We often hear stories of animals rescuing people. But now someone has managed to return the favor.
The event took place one snowy January morning. Thomas Smith was walking his dog, Jack, in the park. "As I was walking, I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle, and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out," said Smith. He realized he had no choice but to try and save his dog. "Someone else told me the lake was only one-meter deep, but it was at least twice that. I had to break my way through the 6-cm ice. Finally, I got Jack by the neck, and pulled him out. I don't think I have ever felt so cold by the time we got back to dry land. And when we got there, everyone was asking if Jack was okay-no one was particularly worried about me!"
A neighbor, Julie Brown, saw it all happen. "The dog went onto an icy lake. All of a sudden, it started to go under. There were crowds of people around, and they were all shouting and screaming. Before I knew it, the owner (Smith) was in the water forcing his way through the ice. I can't begin to imagine how cold it was. Everyone was very nervous, but he was as cool as a cucumber —he just crawled back out, put the dog on its lead, and went home."
Many regard him as a hero, but Mr Smith is quite laidback about it. "Most dog owners are the same as me. They would do what I did without a second thought. But in the future, I'm going to make sure he's on a lead near any icy ponds. Pets are members of our family. Would you do the same for them "
（1）What happened on a cold January morning
A.Mr Smith met Jack in the park.
B.Mr Smith ran after Jack on the ice.
C.Jack fell from the ice into the water.
D.Jack played with the ducks in the water.
（2）The underlined phrases "as cool as a cucumber" in Paragraph 3 means____________ .
A.relaxed
B.proud
C.shy
D.brave
（3）What is the best title of the passage
A.A Man's Pet Dog
B.A Dog's Best Friend
C.The Danger on the Icy Lake
D.Suggestions for Pets' Owners
C
Using 1900 as a starting point, here's a look at some of the most powerful and destructive hurricanes in the last 120 years in the US.
Most powerful hurricanes
Hurricane Camille, which landed on August 17, 1969 near Waveland, Mississippi, is the most powerful storm to strike the Gulf Coast. Camille is one of the four category(级别)-5 hurricanes ever to make a landing in the US, the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Michael in 2018.
According to the National Weather Service, the actual wind speed of Hurricane Camille might be around 175 mph along the coast.
Until the arrival of Hurricane Katrina, Camille's more than 24-foot storm wave in Pass Christian, Mississippi, held the record. Katrina's storm wave along the Mississippi coast reached 30 feet.
Costliest hurricanes
Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest-ever US hurricane but also the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history. Not only did it cost as many as 1,836 lives and leave millions of people homeless, but it also caused $ 160 billion in damages.
Katrina landed near the Gulf Coast on August 29,2005 as a category-3 storm. The hurricane's record-breaking waves flooded 80% of the city.
Deadliest hurricanes
The category-4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing along the Texas coast on September 8,1900. It caused a 16-foot storm wave and its wind speed reached 150 mph.
A large part of the city of Galveston, Texas, was left in ruins. The number of death reached 12,000 on Galveston Island and the mainland. It remains the deadliest weather disaster in the US history as it gave the people no time to move out.
（1）How many category-5 storms have stricken the US since 1900
A.1.
B.2.
C.3.
D.4.
（2）Which is the costliest hurricane in the US
A.Hurricane Camille.
B.Hurricane Andrew.
C.Hurricane Katrina.
D.Labor Day Hurricane.
（3）Why has Hurricane Galveston become the deadliest weather disaster in the US
A.It has caught the people by surprise.
B.It has caused the biggest waves.
C.It has had the highest wind speed.
D.It has brought in the heaviest rainfall.
C
Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.
Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They are most powerful at the centre of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.
To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude S ale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter scale). The larger the number on the MMS, the larger the earthquake. You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:
4.0-Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.
5.0-If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.
6.0-Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one.
7.0-Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0-Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up-Whole cities flattened and large-scale damage.
27.If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen
A.Your house might shake violently.
B.Реople might feel no shaking at all.
C.The family photo may fall off the wall.
D.There might be cracks everywhere on the street.
28.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 2
A.It's still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B.Scientists can't exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C.People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D.The earthquake won't cause any damage unless it reaches 9. 0 MMS.
29.The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by _
A.listing examples
B.giving explanations
C.making comparisons
D.offering data
30.The passage is written mainly to ________.
A.enrich people's knowledge of self-rescue in disasters
B.stress the importance of earthquake rescue
C.issue early warnings before an earthquake
D.present facts about the earthquake
D
Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn't matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
（1）Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage
A.Ways to protect our planet.
B.Solutions to climate change.
C.Be prepared for climate change.
D.Climate change and its effects.
（2）What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes
A.To show the damage earthquakes caused.
B.To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C.To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
D.To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
（3）What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Separated.
B.Destroyed.
C.Removed.
D.Affected.
（4）What can be inferred from the Passage
A.Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B.There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C.The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D.The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
五、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Swim safely!
Swimming is great exercise, and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends in summer. ________, so it's important to stay safe as you do it. Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
________. Don't swim unless there is a life guard at work. If you're on a beach near the ocean, this is especially. In some places fast-flowing water can move swimmers away without warning. So if a sign says "no swimming", pay attention to it.
Be careful when diving (跳入) into the water headfirst. ________. In natural water, don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough. Or you could hurt your head on the bottom, causing injury or death.
Around water, adults should watch children at all times to make sure they are safe. Those who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, so an adult should always be present. If you have to rescue a child from drowning (淹), a few seconds can make a big difference.
Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim. ________, that person can make sure you get help.
Drink a lot water. The sun's heat and the physical activity may make you sweat (出汗) more than you realize.
By following these simple rules，you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun. ________!
A. That way if something goes wrong
B. Now get out there, and enjoy the water
C. Swim only in areas set apart for swimming
D. Make sure everyone in your family swim well
E. But sometimes swimming can also be very dangerous
F. Most pools have marked deep ends where diving is safe
G. Many children who drown in home pools were out of sight within minutes
六、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
People shall always unite as one big family in face of disasters. When Hurricane Harvey hit Texas, Reader's Digest wrote about impressive rescues. The spirit of serving can be incredibly 1 . Here is a story from Annalysa Longworth, a survivor of Hurricane Maria, in her own 2 .
“The total 36 hours of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico was 3 the scariest event we've ever gone through. Our house sits on the north-west coast of Rincon. In the 4 , over 100 mph winds changed direction causing a great amount of water flooding our 5 . The only place left dry and safe was our kitchen floor, where we were 6 to ride out the rest of the storm. It has been 50 days since the 7 , and we are still without power and water. During our regular afternoon showers, we are glad to 8 rainwater but are quickly reminded of the people living without roofs, and how 9 it must be for them. Our emotions are consistently in a state of 10 .
Recently, our good friends told us about a video interview they were doing with Watts of Love, a solar light company. The company generously gave us a headlamp for our personal 11 and a box with 50 headlamps to distribute throughout our town. Rincon was completely blacked out so making a simple walk through a parking lot to our car is 12 . We used to rush to get things done before 13 , but now I continue daily chores in the dark. What 14 our lives most was being able to share this gift with others. We 15 the lamps house by house to the people in the mountains who needed them most, as even batteries and candles are 16 there. Even though 17 have come slowly, people have been out of work and can't afford to 18 their electric bill. I'll always be 19 to Watts of Love for allowing us to pay it forward and be witnesses to the smiles that 20 can bring.”
1. A. moving B. terrifying C. universal D. necessary
2. A. methods B. words C. opinions D. editions
3. A. undoubtedly B. uncertainly C. unsteadily D. unluckily
4. A. system B. history C. recovery D. darkness
5. A. school B. garden C. house D. studio
6. A. requested B. taught C. forced D. expected
7. A. performance B. progress C. rescue D. storm
8. A. research B. observe C. apply D. collect
9. A. awful B. punctual C. amazing D. puzzling
10. A. relief B. sympathy C. pleasure D. calmness
11. A. interest B. purpose C. attempt D. problem
12. A. convenient B. ridiculous C. dangerous D. awkward
13. A. sunset B. schedule C. deadline D. daybreak
14. A. ruined B. changed C. proved D. witnessed
15. A. took off B. brought out C. got through D. gave away
16. A. rare B. expensive C. adequate D. equal
17. A. reports B. survivors C. supplies D. complaints
18. A. imagine B. receive C. choose D. undertake
19. A. devoted B. familiar C. grateful D. accustomed
20. A. nature B. light C. future D. harvest
七、语法填空
In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 34.____________(solve) is always fleeing the planet 35.____________ spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth 36.____________(offer) a different and 37.____________(encourage) idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work together 38.____________ (build) a giant engine system, 39.____________ will push Earth away from the sun. This" ambition" didn't come from nowhere. Up to now "homeland" 40.____________ (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 41.____________(probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films.
The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year of 2019. It was 42.____________ time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 43.____________(they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story: Earth goes wherever humans go, because it's our home.
八、改错题
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
At 3:42 one of the greatest earthquake of the 20th century shook Tangshan. It seemed as if the world was at the end. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wider cut across houses, roads and canals .Steam bursts from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruin. The suffering of the people was extremely. Two-thirds of them died and injured during the earthquake. The number of people killing or injured reached more than 400,000.After the earthquake, everywhere the survivors looked nearly everything was destroyed. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves and sand was now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocking and they felt hopeless.
九、书面表达
假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震。请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：①询问王林及其家人是否安好；②得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；③愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：①词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Wang Lin,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Tom
答案解析部分
一、单词拼写
1.【答案】 destroy
【解析】句意：如果树往那边倒，房子就毁了。will后接动词原形，故填destroy。
【点评】考查动词，本题涉及一般将来时。
2.【答案】 effort
【解析】句意：当地的俱乐部正在尽力吸引更多的年轻人。make effort to do sth.固定短语，"努力做某事",故填effort。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make effort to do sth.
3.【答案】 damage
【解析】句意：吸烟不仅会损害你的肺，还会损害你的心脏。此处名词作宾语，故填damage。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
4.【答案】 survive
【解析】句意：全家人都很幸运，在这场可怕的灾难中幸存下来，过上了幸福的生活。此处不定式作原因状语，故填survive。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作原因状语。
5.【答案】 emergency
【解析】句意：在紧急情况或危险情况下，按下按钮关闭机器。不定冠词后接单数名词，故填emergency。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
6.【答案】 disaster
【解析】句意：据说这场龙卷风是韩国多年来最严重的自然灾害。此处作名词作表语，故填disaster。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作表语。
二、语法填空
7.【答案】 to aid
【解析】句意：据说这个机器人是为帮助老年人而设计的。设空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to aid。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
8.【答案】 length
【解析】。句意：港珠澳大桥长度是55千米，是世界上最长的跨海大桥。根据空前的The可知，此处应用名词，表示长度，故填length。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
9.【答案】 shocked
【解析】句意：他感到太吃惊了以致他一动不动，不相信所发生的事。设空处作表语，修饰人，故用shocked，表示“吃惊的”，故填shocked。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
10.【答案】 Struck
【解析】句意：由于受到飓风的袭击，这个地区停电了，但很快就恢复正常了。分析句子结构可知，主语the area与动词strike之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，填Struck。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作原因状语。
11.【答案】 on
【解析】句意：老师的行为对学生有巨大的影响。have a (n) … effect on…固定短语，“对……有……影响”，故填on。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语have a (n) … effect on。
12.【答案】 has been affected
【解析】句意：由于停水停电，这个小镇目前已经受到了很大的影响。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时，且the town与affect之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，故填has been affected。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态，
13.【答案】 suffering
【解析】句意：在几天内，她的病情变得严重，遭受着巨大的痛苦和不适。设空处在句中作状语，且suffer与she之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词，填suffering。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作伴随状语。
14.【答案】 which/ that
【解析】句意：无人驾驶汽车将会帮助减少由人类司机的错误引起的交通事故。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，先行词为traffic accidents，空处引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用which或that，因此答案为which/ that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及which/ that引导的限制性定语从句。
15.【答案】 whose
【解析】句意：我真的感谢格林先生，如果没有他的帮助，我就永远不会走得这么远。without help I would never have got this far为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mr. Green，设空处为引导词，在从句中做定语，故填whose。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句。
16.【答案】 whose
【解析】句意： 露西是个聪明的女孩，她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。____________ ideas are always inspiring是限制性定语从句，先行词是a smart girl，在从句中作ideas的宾语，故用关系代词whose，故填whose。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的限制性定语从句。
17.【答案】 that
【解析】句意： 这是我看的第一部这样的美国电影。____________ I've ever seen是限制性定语从句，先行词是movie，指物，在从句中作宾语，因先行词前有序数词the first修饰，因此用关系代词that，故填that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
18.【答案】 that
【解析】句意：你知道他们谈论的事情和人吗？____________ they are talking about 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the things and persons，既有人又有物，在从句中作宾语，因此用关系代词that，故填that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
19.【答案】 that/who/whom
【解析】句意：如今，我们可以周游世界，仍然与想要保持联系的人保持联系。____________ we want to remain friends with是限制性定语从句，先行词是the people，指人，在从句中作介词with的宾语，因此用关系代词that/who/whom，故填that/who/whom。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及that/who/whom引导的限制性定语从句。
20.【答案】 that/which
【解析】句意： 我读了一本关于他的即将出版新小说的报告。____________ will soon be published是限制性定语从句，先行词是novel，指物，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that/which 引导的限制性定语从句。
21.【答案】 who
【解析】句意：昨天没有来参加会议的人必须给出他的理由。____________ failed to come to the meeting yesterday是限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词anyone，在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词who ，故填who 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句。
22.【答案】 that/which
【解析】句意：that/which你还记得我们快乐地沿着海边散步的日子吗？____________ we spent walking along the seashore very happily是限制性定语从句，先行词是the days，在从句中作spent的宾语，因此用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that/which引导的限制性定语从句。
三、翻译
23.【答案】 who；be；admitted；as
【解析】本题含有一个限制性定语从句，先行词是those，而且指人时候，定语从句常用关系代词who；be admitted as固定短语，“作为……被接受”因此答案为（1）who；（2） be ；（3） admitted ；（4） as 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及限制性定语从句，以及固定短语be admitted as。
24.【答案】 which he lost
【解析】分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中 The computer是先行词，根据句意是“他丢失的”，所以The computer作lose的宾语，故用关系词which。根据时间状语 yesterday可知要用一般过去时。故本句填 which he lost。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意关系代词的选用和定语从句中的时态。
四、阅读理解
A【答案】 （1）C
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了人们和狗之间的故事，当狗遇到危险之后，人们会奋不顾身的救它，呼吁人们要爱护狗。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“'As I was walking, I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle, and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out, 'said Smith.”可知，史密斯先生的狗杰克追湖里的鸭子，掉到水里去了，无法爬上来。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“he just crawled back out, put the dog on its lead, and went home.”可知，他一点都不慌乱，从湖里爬出来，把狗放下然后就回家了。说明他很放松，并没有过于紧张。该短语意为“放松，冷静”，故选A。
（3）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文。史密斯先生的狗杰克掉到潮里了，他毫不犹豫地跳进湖里，打破冰层把杰克救了上来。文章最后史密斯先生还号召我们善待我们的宠物。他是宠物最好的朋友。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
B【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自1900以来，过去120年来美国最强大、最具破坏性的飓风。（1）根据Most powerful hurricanes部分第一段最后一句“Camille is one of the four category（级别）-5 hurricanes ever to make a landing in the US, the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Michael in 2018.”（卡米尔飓风是登陆美国的4个5级飓风之一，其他3个分别是1935年劳动节飓风、1992年安德鲁飓风和2018年迈克尔飓风。）可知，自1900年以来，已有4次5级风暴袭击美国。故选D。
（2）根据Costliest hurricanes部分第一句“Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest-ever US hurricane but also the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history.”（卡特里娜飓风不仅是美国有史以来最昂贵的飓风，也是美国历史上最昂贵的自然灾害。）可知，给美国造成损失最大的飓风是卡特里娜飓风。故选C。
（3）根据Deadliest hurricanes部分第一段第一句“The category-4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing along the Texas coast on September 8. 1900. ”（1900年9月8日，4级飓风加尔维斯顿在德克萨斯州海岸意外登陆。）和第二段最后一句“It remains the deadliest weather disaster in the US history as it gave the people no time to move out.”（它仍然是美国历史上最致命的天气灾难，因为它让人们没有时间撤出去。）可知，因为它让人们措手不及，所以加尔维斯顿飓风成为美国最致命的天气灾害。故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。本题考点涉及细节理解的考查，是一篇自然类应用文。要求考生在读懂文章大意的前提下，通过仔细查找，对比原文和选项，进行词义转换，选出正确答案。
C【答案】 27.C
28.A
29.B
30.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。
【点评】本题考点涉及句义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
27.考查推理判断。根据倒数第五段“5.0-If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.”如果你在车里，它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能破碎。可知如果你所在地区发生5.0级地震，全家福可能会从墙上掉下来有可能发生。故选C。
28.考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. ”一般来说，大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的被称为前震。之后发生的称为余震。可推知直到大地震发生，科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震。可知划线句子意思为“前震和主震仍然很难区分”，故选A。
29.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.”这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时被称为断层线的边缘会被卡住，但板块仍在移动。在边缘被卡住的地方，压力开始慢慢增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震。主要为解释地震产生的原因，可知作者通过解释原因的论证方式来解释了有关地震的概念。故选B。
30.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates.”地震通常发生在地球板块的大部分边缘；以及下文主要说明了关于地震的相关知识，可知这篇文章主要是为了介绍地震的相关事实。故选D。
D【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】本文叙述了气候的变化将离我们越来越近了及其导致的严重后果。由于气候的变化会导致动物迁徙，一些物种灭绝，疾病的蔓延。今天熟悉的气候类型会被我们不知道的气候代替。近几年我们的星球已经有了气候变化的迹象，像各地的地震和海啸。现在导致气候变化的原因不重要了，重要的是我们应该采取措施，应对气候的变化。 (1) D 标题归纳题。全文内容主要介绍气候的变化及其后果。故选D。 (2) C 作者意图题。根据第三段的“earthquake in Sumatra, Egypt, Haiti”可以看出作者解释“The planet itself has been showing signs of change”，我们的星球已经表现出变化的迹象。故选C。 (3) B 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti wasdevastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.”埃及2009年发生了大地震，2010年海地遭受了大地震，被地震破坏，摧毁。故选B。 (4) D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However, other planets are experiencing global warming aswell as our own.”不仅我们的星球而且其他星球都在经历着全球变暖。故选D。
五、任务型阅读
【答案】 E；C；F；A；B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，游泳是一种很好的运动，不过需要注意安全，列举了一些安全游泳的措施。（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“so it's important to stay safe as you do it” 可知，游泳的时候保证安全很重要，E. But sometimes swimming can also be very dangerous“游泳有时候存在危险”，与空后属于因果关系，切题，故选E。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲述游泳的时候确保救生员在旁边，注意游泳的警示标志，因此可知本段讲述游泳的区域很重要，选C。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲述游泳时跳水的注意事项。根据空后“In natural water，don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough.”可知，在不同环境下，跳水的注意事项，故选F。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim.”以及空后“that person can make sure you get help”可知，本段主要讲述游泳的时候要有一个朋友在旁边。后一句就是阐述这样做的原因：万一出现情况，可以及时获得帮助，选A。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“By following these simple rules，you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun.”可知，注意上述的事项，就可以确保游泳高兴又安全，故选B。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
六、完形填空
【答案】 （1）A；（2）B；（3）A；（4）D；（5）C；（6）C；（7）D；（8）D；（9）A；（10）B；（11）B；（12）C；（13）A；（14）B；（15）D；（16）A；（17）C；（18）D；（19）C；（20）B；
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了飓风过后，一家名叫Watts of Love的公司为受灾群众送去了光明。
（1）考查形容词词义辨析。A. moving感动的；B. terrifying害怕的；C. universal普遍的；D. necessary必要的。句意：服务的精神令人难以置信的感动，故选A。
（2）考查名词词义辨析。A. methods方式；B. words话语；C. opinions意见；D. editions版本。下面是飓风玛利亚的幸存者安娜丽莎用自己的话说的一个故事。故选B。
（3）考查副词词义辨析。A. undoubtedly毋庸置疑地；B. uncertainly不确定地；C. unsteadily不稳定地；D. unluckily不幸地。句意：飓风玛利亚持续了36个小时，这无疑是我们经历过的最可怕的事情。故选A。
（4）考查名词词义辨析。A. system系统；B. history历史；C. recovery恢复；D. darkness黑暗。句意：飓风来时，应当是天昏地暗的。故选D。
（5）考查名词词义辨析。A. school学校；B. garden花园；C. house房子；D. studio工作室。句意：黑暗中，时速超过100英里的大风改变了方向，导致洪水淹没了我们的房子。故选C。
（6）考查动词词义辨析。A. requested要求；B. taught教；C. forced强迫；D. expected期待。句意：唯一干燥和安全的地方是厨房地面，我们被迫在那里度过了剩下的暴风雨。故选C。
（7）考查名词词义辨析。A. performance表现；B. progress进步；C. rescue营救；D. storm暴风雨。句意：暴风雨已经过去50天了，我们仍然没有水和电。故选D。
（8）考查动词词义辨析。A. research研究；B. observe观察；C. apply应用；D. collect收集。句意：在由规律的午后沐浴时，我们很高兴收集雨水，但很快就想起了那些没有屋顶的人。故选D。
（9）考查形容词词义辨析。A. awful糟糕的；B. punctual守时的；C. amazing惊人惊讶的；D. puzzling困惑的。句意：经历暴风雨对没有屋顶的人家是多么糟糕的事情。故选D。
（10）考查名词词义辨析。A. relief解脱；B. sympathy同情；C. pleasure快乐；D. calmness冷静。句意：我们同情那些没有屋顶的人，故选B。
（11）考查名词词义辨析。A. interest乐趣；B. purpose目的；C. attempt尝试；D. problem问题。句意：那家公司慷慨地给了我们一盏供我们个人使用的大灯和一个装有50盏大灯的箱子，让我们在镇上分发，故选B。
（12）考查形容词词义辨析。A. convenient方便的；B. ridiculous滑稽的；C. dangerous危险的；D. awkward尴尬的。句意：完全停电了，所以穿过停车场走到我们的车是危险的。故选C。
（13）考查名词词义辨析。A. sunset日落；B. schedule日程表；C. deadline截止日期；D. daybreak黎明。句意：过去我们常常赶在日落前把事情做完，现在我们每天都在黑暗中做家务。故选A。
（14）考查动词词义辨析。A. ruined毁灭；B. changed改变；C. proved证明；D. witnessed见证。句意：最能改变我们生活得是与他们分享这份礼物。故选B。
（15）考查动词词义辨析。A. took off起飞；脱下；B. brought out出版；生产；C. got through经历；D. gave away分发。句意：我们挨家挨户地把灯发给山区最需要的人，因为那里连电池和蜡烛都很少。故选D。
（16）考查形容词词义辨析。A. rare稀有的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. adequate充足的；D. equal相等的。句意：山区里连电池和蜡烛都很少。故选A。
（17）考查名词词义辨析。A. reports报告；B. survivors幸存者；C. supplies供应品；D. complaints抱怨。句意：尽管电力供应缓慢，但人们已经失业，无力承担电费。故选C。
（18）考查动词词义辨析。A. imagine想象；B. receive接收；C. choose选择；D. undertake承担；从事。句意：人们已经失业，无力承担电费。故选D。
（19）考查形容词词义辨析。A. devoted奉献的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. grateful感激的；D. accustomed习惯的。句意：我永远感激Watts of Love，因为它让我们向前付出，让我们见证光明所带来的微笑。故选C。
（20）考查名词词义辨析。A. nature自然；B. light光明；C. future未来；D. harvest丰收。句意：让我们见证光明所带来的微笑。故选B。
【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
七、语法填空
【答案】 solution；by；offers/is offering；encouraging；to build；which；has had；probably；a；their
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国拍的一部科幻电影《流浪的地球》，它不同于其它科幻电影，是一部激励人心的片子。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，介词，时态，非谓语动词，定语从句，副词，冠词以及代词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
34.句意：在许多电影中，每当地球面临灾难，解决办法总是乘坐宇宙飞船逃离地球。此处应使用名词，且由is可知应用单数，故填solution。
35.句意：在许多电影中，每当地球面临灾难，解决办法总是乘坐宇宙飞船逃离地球。此处是介词by加上各种交通工具表示乘坐交通工具。故填by。
36.句意：但现在中国的科幻电影《漫游地球》提供了一个不同的和令人鼓舞的想法。电影正在放映，强调其客观性可以用一般现在时或现在进行时，主语是The Wandering Earth，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填offers/is offering。
37.句意：但现在中国的科幻电影《漫游地球》提供了一个不同的和令人鼓舞的想法。此处作定语修饰后面的名词idea，意为“令人鼓舞的”，故填encouraging。
38.句意：作为回应，世界各地的人们共同努力建立一个巨大的引擎系统，将地球推离太阳。此处动词不定式表目的，故填to build。
39.句意：作为回应，世界各地的人们共同努力建立一个巨大的引擎系统，将地球推离太阳。____________ will push Earth away from the sun是非限制性定语从句，先行词是engine system，指物，在非限制性定语从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
40.句意：到目前为止，祖国在中国人的心中一直占据着一个柔软的地方。根据时间状语so far可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为homeland，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has had。
41.句意：这种特殊的文化背景可能使《漫游地球》有别于其他电影。此处修饰动词，用副词，故填probably。
42.句意：那是一段许多人艰难返乡的日子。此处泛指“一段时间”，所以冠词要用不定冠词，time的第一个音素为辅音音素，应使用不定冠词a。故填a。
43.句意：那是一段许多人艰难返乡的日子。此处形容词性物主代词，作定语修饰hometowns，故填their。
八、改错题
【答案】 ①earthquake—earthquakes ②the—an ③wider—wide ④bursts—burst ⑤ruin—ruins ⑥extremely—extreme ⑦injured前加were ⑧killing—killed ⑨was now filled去掉was ⑩shocking—shocked
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了唐山大地震发生时的具体情形并介绍了这次大地震对人们带来的巨大痛苦。
①考查名词。句意：在3点42分，20世纪最大的地震之一让唐山摇晃了起来。one of+可数名词复数，固定短语，“….之一”，介词of的后面要可数名词复数earthquakes，故earthquake改为earthquakes。
②考查冠词。句意：似乎整个世界都结束了。at an end固定短语，“结束”，故the改为an。
③考查形容词。句意：8公里长30米宽的裂缝把房屋道路和水渠割开了。句中形容词原形wide直接用在数词之后，与前半句中的long形成呼应，故wider改为wide。
④考查时态。本文是一篇记叙文，介绍唐山大地震的有关情况，全文以一般过去时为主，动词burst的过去式是burst，故bursts改为burst。
⑤考查固定短语。句意：在15秒之内，整个城市成为一片废墟。in ruins固定短语“成为废墟”，故ruin改为ruins。
⑥考查形容词。本句应该使用形容词与系动词构成系表结构，故extremely改为extreme。
⑦考查语态。句意：在地震中三分之二的人去世受伤；句中injured意为“受伤的”，要和系动词were连用构成系表结构，所以要加were。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：被杀死或受伤的人的数量超过了40万。句子people与动词kill构成被动关系，要用过去分词killed在句中做定语，因此killing改为killed。
⑨考查语态。句意：沙子装满了水井而不是水。句中sand与动词fill构成主动关系，要用主动语态，系动词was是多余的，所以要删除was。
⑩考查形容词。句意：人们很震惊感觉很绝望。形容词shocked意为“震惊的”，通常修饰人或与人有关的事物。而“shocking”意为“令人震惊的”通常修饰事物，故shocking改为shocked。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词，冠词，形容词，时态，固定短语，语态等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
九、书面表达
【参考范文】
One possible version:
Dear Wang Lin,
How are you doing When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city. I was really concerned about you and your family.
I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster. It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured. What's worse, 20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down. I hope that none of your family members was injured.
Please don't be worried. Everything will be fine. If you need any help, please let me know. As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.
Yours sincerely,
Tom
【解析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以美国人汤姆的身份，给朋友王林写一封信。写作背景：你从电视新闻上得知王林所在的城市发生了地震。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：①询问王林及其家人是否安好；②得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；③愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。考生写作时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。审题时注意时态的选择，描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city.运用了时间状语从句和宾语从句； I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster.运用了不定式作原因状语； What's worse, 20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down. 运用了并列句；I hope that none of your family members was injured.运用了宾语从句； Please don't be worried. 运用了祈使句； If you need any help, please let me know.运用了条件状语从句和祈使句； As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.运用了宾语从句。
一、单词拼写
1.If the tree falls that way, it will ________ (破坏) the house.
2.The local clubs are making every ________ (努力) to interest more young people.
3.Smoking causes d________ not only to your lungs, but also to your heart.
4.All of the family were lucky to s________ the terrible disaster and lead a happy life.
5.In an ________ (紧急情况) or in the event of danger, shut down the machine by pressing the button.
6.It is said that this tornado is the worst natural d________ in South Korea in many years.
二、语法填空
7.It is said that the robot is designed ________ (aid) the old.
8.The ________ (long) of the Hong Kong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge is 55 km and it is the world's longest cross-sea bridge.
9.He felt too ________ (shock) to move, not believing what had happened.
10.________ (strike) by the hurricane, the area had power cuts, but quickly it was back to normal.
11.The behavior of teachers has a great effect ________ the students.
12.Without electricity and the water supply, the town ________ (affect) greatly so far.
13.Within a few days she became seriously ill, ________ (suffer) great pain and discomfort.
14.The driverless cars will help reduce traffic accidents ________ are caused by human drivers' mistakes.
15.I wish to thank Mr. Green, without____________ help I would never have got this far. （用适当的词填空）
16.Lucy is a smart girl____________ ideas are always inspiring.
17.It is the first American movie of this kind____________ I've ever seen.
18.Do you know the things and persons____________ they are talking about
19.Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people____________ we want to remain friends with.
20.I read a report about his new novel____________ will soon be published.
21.Anyone____________ failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
22.Do you remember the days ________ we spent walking along the seashore very happily
三、翻译
23.只有在希腊出生的人才能被容许成为古代奥运会的参赛者。
Only those ________ were born in Greece could ________ ________ ________ competitors in the ancient Olympic Games.
24.他昨天在机场丢失的那台手提电脑是IBM的。
The computer __________________________________________at the airport yesterday is an IBM laptop.(lose)
四、阅读理解
A
We often hear stories of animals rescuing people. But now someone has managed to return the favor.
The event took place one snowy January morning. Thomas Smith was walking his dog, Jack, in the park. "As I was walking, I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle, and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out," said Smith. He realized he had no choice but to try and save his dog. "Someone else told me the lake was only one-meter deep, but it was at least twice that. I had to break my way through the 6-cm ice. Finally, I got Jack by the neck, and pulled him out. I don't think I have ever felt so cold by the time we got back to dry land. And when we got there, everyone was asking if Jack was okay-no one was particularly worried about me!"
A neighbor, Julie Brown, saw it all happen. "The dog went onto an icy lake. All of a sudden, it started to go under. There were crowds of people around, and they were all shouting and screaming. Before I knew it, the owner (Smith) was in the water forcing his way through the ice. I can't begin to imagine how cold it was. Everyone was very nervous, but he was as cool as a cucumber —he just crawled back out, put the dog on its lead, and went home."
Many regard him as a hero, but Mr Smith is quite laidback about it. "Most dog owners are the same as me. They would do what I did without a second thought. But in the future, I'm going to make sure he's on a lead near any icy ponds. Pets are members of our family. Would you do the same for them "
（1）What happened on a cold January morning
A.Mr Smith met Jack in the park.
B.Mr Smith ran after Jack on the ice.
C.Jack fell from the ice into the water.
D.Jack played with the ducks in the water.
（2）The underlined phrases "as cool as a cucumber" in Paragraph 3 means____________ .
A.relaxed
B.proud
C.shy
D.brave
（3）What is the best title of the passage
A.A Man's Pet Dog
B.A Dog's Best Friend
C.The Danger on the Icy Lake
D.Suggestions for Pets' Owners
C
Using 1900 as a starting point, here's a look at some of the most powerful and destructive hurricanes in the last 120 years in the US.
Most powerful hurricanes
Hurricane Camille, which landed on August 17, 1969 near Waveland, Mississippi, is the most powerful storm to strike the Gulf Coast. Camille is one of the four category(级别)-5 hurricanes ever to make a landing in the US, the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Michael in 2018.
According to the National Weather Service, the actual wind speed of Hurricane Camille might be around 175 mph along the coast.
Until the arrival of Hurricane Katrina, Camille's more than 24-foot storm wave in Pass Christian, Mississippi, held the record. Katrina's storm wave along the Mississippi coast reached 30 feet.
Costliest hurricanes
Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest-ever US hurricane but also the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history. Not only did it cost as many as 1,836 lives and leave millions of people homeless, but it also caused $ 160 billion in damages.
Katrina landed near the Gulf Coast on August 29,2005 as a category-3 storm. The hurricane's record-breaking waves flooded 80% of the city.
Deadliest hurricanes
The category-4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing along the Texas coast on September 8,1900. It caused a 16-foot storm wave and its wind speed reached 150 mph.
A large part of the city of Galveston, Texas, was left in ruins. The number of death reached 12,000 on Galveston Island and the mainland. It remains the deadliest weather disaster in the US history as it gave the people no time to move out.
（1）How many category-5 storms have stricken the US since 1900
A.1.
B.2.
C.3.
D.4.
（2）Which is the costliest hurricane in the US
A.Hurricane Camille.
B.Hurricane Andrew.
C.Hurricane Katrina.
D.Labor Day Hurricane.
（3）Why has Hurricane Galveston become the deadliest weather disaster in the US
A.It has caught the people by surprise.
B.It has caused the biggest waves.
C.It has had the highest wind speed.
D.It has brought in the heaviest rainfall.
C
Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.
Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They are most powerful at the centre of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.
To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude S ale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter scale). The larger the number on the MMS, the larger the earthquake. You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3 on the MMS. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:
4.0-Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.
5.0-If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.
6.0-Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one.
7.0-Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
8.0-Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth.
9.0 and up-Whole cities flattened and large-scale damage.
27.If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen
A.Your house might shake violently.
B.Реople might feel no shaking at all.
C.The family photo may fall off the wall.
D.There might be cracks everywhere on the street.
28.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 2
A.It's still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B.Scientists can't exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C.People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D.The earthquake won't cause any damage unless it reaches 9. 0 MMS.
29.The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by _
A.listing examples
B.giving explanations
C.making comparisons
D.offering data
30.The passage is written mainly to ________.
A.enrich people's knowledge of self-rescue in disasters
B.stress the importance of earthquake rescue
C.issue early warnings before an earthquake
D.present facts about the earthquake
D
Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn't matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
（1）Which of the following would be the best title for the Passage
A.Ways to protect our planet.
B.Solutions to climate change.
C.Be prepared for climate change.
D.Climate change and its effects.
（2）What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes
A.To show the damage earthquakes caused.
B.To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C.To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
D.To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
（3）What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Separated.
B.Destroyed.
C.Removed.
D.Affected.
（4）What can be inferred from the Passage
A.Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B.There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C.The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D.The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
五、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Swim safely!
Swimming is great exercise, and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends in summer. ________, so it's important to stay safe as you do it. Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
________. Don't swim unless there is a life guard at work. If you're on a beach near the ocean, this is especially. In some places fast-flowing water can move swimmers away without warning. So if a sign says "no swimming", pay attention to it.
Be careful when diving (跳入) into the water headfirst. ________. In natural water, don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough. Or you could hurt your head on the bottom, causing injury or death.
Around water, adults should watch children at all times to make sure they are safe. Those who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, so an adult should always be present. If you have to rescue a child from drowning (淹), a few seconds can make a big difference.
Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim. ________, that person can make sure you get help.
Drink a lot water. The sun's heat and the physical activity may make you sweat (出汗) more than you realize.
By following these simple rules，you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun. ________!
A. That way if something goes wrong
B. Now get out there, and enjoy the water
C. Swim only in areas set apart for swimming
D. Make sure everyone in your family swim well
E. But sometimes swimming can also be very dangerous
F. Most pools have marked deep ends where diving is safe
G. Many children who drown in home pools were out of sight within minutes
六、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
People shall always unite as one big family in face of disasters. When Hurricane Harvey hit Texas, Reader's Digest wrote about impressive rescues. The spirit of serving can be incredibly 1 . Here is a story from Annalysa Longworth, a survivor of Hurricane Maria, in her own 2 .
“The total 36 hours of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico was 3 the scariest event we've ever gone through. Our house sits on the north-west coast of Rincon. In the 4 , over 100 mph winds changed direction causing a great amount of water flooding our 5 . The only place left dry and safe was our kitchen floor, where we were 6 to ride out the rest of the storm. It has been 50 days since the 7 , and we are still without power and water. During our regular afternoon showers, we are glad to 8 rainwater but are quickly reminded of the people living without roofs, and how 9 it must be for them. Our emotions are consistently in a state of 10 .
Recently, our good friends told us about a video interview they were doing with Watts of Love, a solar light company. The company generously gave us a headlamp for our personal 11 and a box with 50 headlamps to distribute throughout our town. Rincon was completely blacked out so making a simple walk through a parking lot to our car is 12 . We used to rush to get things done before 13 , but now I continue daily chores in the dark. What 14 our lives most was being able to share this gift with others. We 15 the lamps house by house to the people in the mountains who needed them most, as even batteries and candles are 16 there. Even though 17 have come slowly, people have been out of work and can't afford to 18 their electric bill. I'll always be 19 to Watts of Love for allowing us to pay it forward and be witnesses to the smiles that 20 can bring.”
1. A. moving B. terrifying C. universal D. necessary
2. A. methods B. words C. opinions D. editions
3. A. undoubtedly B. uncertainly C. unsteadily D. unluckily
4. A. system B. history C. recovery D. darkness
5. A. school B. garden C. house D. studio
6. A. requested B. taught C. forced D. expected
7. A. performance B. progress C. rescue D. storm
8. A. research B. observe C. apply D. collect
9. A. awful B. punctual C. amazing D. puzzling
10. A. relief B. sympathy C. pleasure D. calmness
11. A. interest B. purpose C. attempt D. problem
12. A. convenient B. ridiculous C. dangerous D. awkward
13. A. sunset B. schedule C. deadline D. daybreak
14. A. ruined B. changed C. proved D. witnessed
15. A. took off B. brought out C. got through D. gave away
16. A. rare B. expensive C. adequate D. equal
17. A. reports B. survivors C. supplies D. complaints
18. A. imagine B. receive C. choose D. undertake
19. A. devoted B. familiar C. grateful D. accustomed
20. A. nature B. light C. future D. harvest
七、语法填空
In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 34.____________(solve) is always fleeing the planet 35.____________ spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth 36.____________(offer) a different and 37.____________(encourage) idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work together 38.____________ (build) a giant engine system, 39.____________ will push Earth away from the sun. This" ambition" didn't come from nowhere. Up to now "homeland" 40.____________ (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 41.____________(probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films.
The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year of 2019. It was 42.____________ time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 43.____________(they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story: Earth goes wherever humans go, because it's our home.
八、改错题
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
At 3:42 one of the greatest earthquake of the 20th century shook Tangshan. It seemed as if the world was at the end. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wider cut across houses, roads and canals .Steam bursts from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruin. The suffering of the people was extremely. Two-thirds of them died and injured during the earthquake. The number of people killing or injured reached more than 400,000.After the earthquake, everywhere the survivors looked nearly everything was destroyed. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves and sand was now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocking and they felt hopeless.
九、书面表达
假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震。请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：①询问王林及其家人是否安好；②得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；③愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：①词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Wang Lin,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Tom
答案解析部分
一、单词拼写
1.【答案】 destroy
【解析】句意：如果树往那边倒，房子就毁了。will后接动词原形，故填destroy。
【点评】考查动词，本题涉及一般将来时。
2.【答案】 effort
【解析】句意：当地的俱乐部正在尽力吸引更多的年轻人。make effort to do sth.固定短语，"努力做某事",故填effort。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make effort to do sth.
3.【答案】 damage
【解析】句意：吸烟不仅会损害你的肺，还会损害你的心脏。此处名词作宾语，故填damage。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
4.【答案】 survive
【解析】句意：全家人都很幸运，在这场可怕的灾难中幸存下来，过上了幸福的生活。此处不定式作原因状语，故填survive。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作原因状语。
5.【答案】 emergency
【解析】句意：在紧急情况或危险情况下，按下按钮关闭机器。不定冠词后接单数名词，故填emergency。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
6.【答案】 disaster
【解析】句意：据说这场龙卷风是韩国多年来最严重的自然灾害。此处作名词作表语，故填disaster。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作表语。
二、语法填空
7.【答案】 to aid
【解析】句意：据说这个机器人是为帮助老年人而设计的。设空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to aid。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作目的状语。
8.【答案】 length
【解析】。句意：港珠澳大桥长度是55千米，是世界上最长的跨海大桥。根据空前的The可知，此处应用名词，表示长度，故填length。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
9.【答案】 shocked
【解析】句意：他感到太吃惊了以致他一动不动，不相信所发生的事。设空处作表语，修饰人，故用shocked，表示“吃惊的”，故填shocked。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
10.【答案】 Struck
【解析】句意：由于受到飓风的袭击，这个地区停电了，但很快就恢复正常了。分析句子结构可知，主语the area与动词strike之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，填Struck。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作原因状语。
11.【答案】 on
【解析】句意：老师的行为对学生有巨大的影响。have a (n) … effect on…固定短语，“对……有……影响”，故填on。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语have a (n) … effect on。
12.【答案】 has been affected
【解析】句意：由于停水停电，这个小镇目前已经受到了很大的影响。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时，且the town与affect之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，故填has been affected。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在完成时的被动语态，
13.【答案】 suffering
【解析】句意：在几天内，她的病情变得严重，遭受着巨大的痛苦和不适。设空处在句中作状语，且suffer与she之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词，填suffering。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作伴随状语。
14.【答案】 which/ that
【解析】句意：无人驾驶汽车将会帮助减少由人类司机的错误引起的交通事故。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，先行词为traffic accidents，空处引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用which或that，因此答案为which/ that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及which/ that引导的限制性定语从句。
15.【答案】 whose
【解析】句意：我真的感谢格林先生，如果没有他的帮助，我就永远不会走得这么远。without help I would never have got this far为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mr. Green，设空处为引导词，在从句中做定语，故填whose。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句。
16.【答案】 whose
【解析】句意： 露西是个聪明的女孩，她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。____________ ideas are always inspiring是限制性定语从句，先行词是a smart girl，在从句中作ideas的宾语，故用关系代词whose，故填whose。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的限制性定语从句。
17.【答案】 that
【解析】句意： 这是我看的第一部这样的美国电影。____________ I've ever seen是限制性定语从句，先行词是movie，指物，在从句中作宾语，因先行词前有序数词the first修饰，因此用关系代词that，故填that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
18.【答案】 that
【解析】句意：你知道他们谈论的事情和人吗？____________ they are talking about 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the things and persons，既有人又有物，在从句中作宾语，因此用关系代词that，故填that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
19.【答案】 that/who/whom
【解析】句意：如今，我们可以周游世界，仍然与想要保持联系的人保持联系。____________ we want to remain friends with是限制性定语从句，先行词是the people，指人，在从句中作介词with的宾语，因此用关系代词that/who/whom，故填that/who/whom。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及that/who/whom引导的限制性定语从句。
20.【答案】 that/which
【解析】句意： 我读了一本关于他的即将出版新小说的报告。____________ will soon be published是限制性定语从句，先行词是novel，指物，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that/which 引导的限制性定语从句。
21.【答案】 who
【解析】句意：昨天没有来参加会议的人必须给出他的理由。____________ failed to come to the meeting yesterday是限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词anyone，在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词who ，故填who 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句。
22.【答案】 that/which
【解析】句意：that/which你还记得我们快乐地沿着海边散步的日子吗？____________ we spent walking along the seashore very happily是限制性定语从句，先行词是the days，在从句中作spent的宾语，因此用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that/which引导的限制性定语从句。
三、翻译
23.【答案】 who；be；admitted；as
【解析】本题含有一个限制性定语从句，先行词是those，而且指人时候，定语从句常用关系代词who；be admitted as固定短语，“作为……被接受”因此答案为（1）who；（2） be ；（3） admitted ；（4） as 。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及限制性定语从句，以及固定短语be admitted as。
24.【答案】 which he lost
【解析】分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中 The computer是先行词，根据句意是“他丢失的”，所以The computer作lose的宾语，故用关系词which。根据时间状语 yesterday可知要用一般过去时。故本句填 which he lost。
【点评】考查定语从句。注意关系代词的选用和定语从句中的时态。
四、阅读理解
A【答案】 （1）C
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了人们和狗之间的故事，当狗遇到危险之后，人们会奋不顾身的救它，呼吁人们要爱护狗。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“'As I was walking, I just saw Jack running onto the ice towards the ducks in the middle, and then he fell into the water and couldn't climb out, 'said Smith.”可知，史密斯先生的狗杰克追湖里的鸭子，掉到水里去了，无法爬上来。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“he just crawled back out, put the dog on its lead, and went home.”可知，他一点都不慌乱，从湖里爬出来，把狗放下然后就回家了。说明他很放松，并没有过于紧张。该短语意为“放松，冷静”，故选A。
（3）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文。史密斯先生的狗杰克掉到潮里了，他毫不犹豫地跳进湖里，打破冰层把杰克救了上来。文章最后史密斯先生还号召我们善待我们的宠物。他是宠物最好的朋友。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
B【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自1900以来，过去120年来美国最强大、最具破坏性的飓风。（1）根据Most powerful hurricanes部分第一段最后一句“Camille is one of the four category（级别）-5 hurricanes ever to make a landing in the US, the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Hurricane Michael in 2018.”（卡米尔飓风是登陆美国的4个5级飓风之一，其他3个分别是1935年劳动节飓风、1992年安德鲁飓风和2018年迈克尔飓风。）可知，自1900年以来，已有4次5级风暴袭击美国。故选D。
（2）根据Costliest hurricanes部分第一句“Hurricane Katrina is not only the costliest-ever US hurricane but also the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history.”（卡特里娜飓风不仅是美国有史以来最昂贵的飓风，也是美国历史上最昂贵的自然灾害。）可知，给美国造成损失最大的飓风是卡特里娜飓风。故选C。
（3）根据Deadliest hurricanes部分第一段第一句“The category-4 Hurricane Galveston made a surprising landing along the Texas coast on September 8. 1900. ”（1900年9月8日，4级飓风加尔维斯顿在德克萨斯州海岸意外登陆。）和第二段最后一句“It remains the deadliest weather disaster in the US history as it gave the people no time to move out.”（它仍然是美国历史上最致命的天气灾难，因为它让人们没有时间撤出去。）可知，因为它让人们措手不及，所以加尔维斯顿飓风成为美国最致命的天气灾害。故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。本题考点涉及细节理解的考查，是一篇自然类应用文。要求考生在读懂文章大意的前提下，通过仔细查找，对比原文和选项，进行词义转换，选出正确答案。
C【答案】 27.C
28.A
29.B
30.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。
【点评】本题考点涉及句义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
27.考查推理判断。根据倒数第五段“5.0-If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.”如果你在车里，它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能破碎。可知如果你所在地区发生5.0级地震，全家福可能会从墙上掉下来有可能发生。故选C。
28.考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. ”一般来说，大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的被称为前震。之后发生的称为余震。可推知直到大地震发生，科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震。可知划线句子意思为“前震和主震仍然很难区分”，故选A。
29.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.”这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时被称为断层线的边缘会被卡住，但板块仍在移动。在边缘被卡住的地方，压力开始慢慢增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震。主要为解释地震产生的原因，可知作者通过解释原因的论证方式来解释了有关地震的概念。故选B。
30.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates.”地震通常发生在地球板块的大部分边缘；以及下文主要说明了关于地震的相关知识，可知这篇文章主要是为了介绍地震的相关事实。故选D。
D【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】本文叙述了气候的变化将离我们越来越近了及其导致的严重后果。由于气候的变化会导致动物迁徙，一些物种灭绝，疾病的蔓延。今天熟悉的气候类型会被我们不知道的气候代替。近几年我们的星球已经有了气候变化的迹象，像各地的地震和海啸。现在导致气候变化的原因不重要了，重要的是我们应该采取措施，应对气候的变化。 (1) D 标题归纳题。全文内容主要介绍气候的变化及其后果。故选D。 (2) C 作者意图题。根据第三段的“earthquake in Sumatra, Egypt, Haiti”可以看出作者解释“The planet itself has been showing signs of change”，我们的星球已经表现出变化的迹象。故选C。 (3) B 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti wasdevastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.”埃及2009年发生了大地震，2010年海地遭受了大地震，被地震破坏，摧毁。故选B。 (4) D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However, other planets are experiencing global warming aswell as our own.”不仅我们的星球而且其他星球都在经历着全球变暖。故选D。
五、任务型阅读
【答案】 E；C；F；A；B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，游泳是一种很好的运动，不过需要注意安全，列举了一些安全游泳的措施。（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“so it's important to stay safe as you do it” 可知，游泳的时候保证安全很重要，E. But sometimes swimming can also be very dangerous“游泳有时候存在危险”，与空后属于因果关系，切题，故选E。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲述游泳的时候确保救生员在旁边，注意游泳的警示标志，因此可知本段讲述游泳的区域很重要，选C。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲述游泳时跳水的注意事项。根据空后“In natural water，don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough.”可知，在不同环境下，跳水的注意事项，故选F。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim.”以及空后“that person can make sure you get help”可知，本段主要讲述游泳的时候要有一个朋友在旁边。后一句就是阐述这样做的原因：万一出现情况，可以及时获得帮助，选A。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“By following these simple rules，you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun.”可知，注意上述的事项，就可以确保游泳高兴又安全，故选B。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
六、完形填空
【答案】 （1）A；（2）B；（3）A；（4）D；（5）C；（6）C；（7）D；（8）D；（9）A；（10）B；（11）B；（12）C；（13）A；（14）B；（15）D；（16）A；（17）C；（18）D；（19）C；（20）B；
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了飓风过后，一家名叫Watts of Love的公司为受灾群众送去了光明。
（1）考查形容词词义辨析。A. moving感动的；B. terrifying害怕的；C. universal普遍的；D. necessary必要的。句意：服务的精神令人难以置信的感动，故选A。
（2）考查名词词义辨析。A. methods方式；B. words话语；C. opinions意见；D. editions版本。下面是飓风玛利亚的幸存者安娜丽莎用自己的话说的一个故事。故选B。
（3）考查副词词义辨析。A. undoubtedly毋庸置疑地；B. uncertainly不确定地；C. unsteadily不稳定地；D. unluckily不幸地。句意：飓风玛利亚持续了36个小时，这无疑是我们经历过的最可怕的事情。故选A。
（4）考查名词词义辨析。A. system系统；B. history历史；C. recovery恢复；D. darkness黑暗。句意：飓风来时，应当是天昏地暗的。故选D。
（5）考查名词词义辨析。A. school学校；B. garden花园；C. house房子；D. studio工作室。句意：黑暗中，时速超过100英里的大风改变了方向，导致洪水淹没了我们的房子。故选C。
（6）考查动词词义辨析。A. requested要求；B. taught教；C. forced强迫；D. expected期待。句意：唯一干燥和安全的地方是厨房地面，我们被迫在那里度过了剩下的暴风雨。故选C。
（7）考查名词词义辨析。A. performance表现；B. progress进步；C. rescue营救；D. storm暴风雨。句意：暴风雨已经过去50天了，我们仍然没有水和电。故选D。
（8）考查动词词义辨析。A. research研究；B. observe观察；C. apply应用；D. collect收集。句意：在由规律的午后沐浴时，我们很高兴收集雨水，但很快就想起了那些没有屋顶的人。故选D。
（9）考查形容词词义辨析。A. awful糟糕的；B. punctual守时的；C. amazing惊人惊讶的；D. puzzling困惑的。句意：经历暴风雨对没有屋顶的人家是多么糟糕的事情。故选D。
（10）考查名词词义辨析。A. relief解脱；B. sympathy同情；C. pleasure快乐；D. calmness冷静。句意：我们同情那些没有屋顶的人，故选B。
（11）考查名词词义辨析。A. interest乐趣；B. purpose目的；C. attempt尝试；D. problem问题。句意：那家公司慷慨地给了我们一盏供我们个人使用的大灯和一个装有50盏大灯的箱子，让我们在镇上分发，故选B。
（12）考查形容词词义辨析。A. convenient方便的；B. ridiculous滑稽的；C. dangerous危险的；D. awkward尴尬的。句意：完全停电了，所以穿过停车场走到我们的车是危险的。故选C。
（13）考查名词词义辨析。A. sunset日落；B. schedule日程表；C. deadline截止日期；D. daybreak黎明。句意：过去我们常常赶在日落前把事情做完，现在我们每天都在黑暗中做家务。故选A。
（14）考查动词词义辨析。A. ruined毁灭；B. changed改变；C. proved证明；D. witnessed见证。句意：最能改变我们生活得是与他们分享这份礼物。故选B。
（15）考查动词词义辨析。A. took off起飞；脱下；B. brought out出版；生产；C. got through经历；D. gave away分发。句意：我们挨家挨户地把灯发给山区最需要的人，因为那里连电池和蜡烛都很少。故选D。
（16）考查形容词词义辨析。A. rare稀有的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. adequate充足的；D. equal相等的。句意：山区里连电池和蜡烛都很少。故选A。
（17）考查名词词义辨析。A. reports报告；B. survivors幸存者；C. supplies供应品；D. complaints抱怨。句意：尽管电力供应缓慢，但人们已经失业，无力承担电费。故选C。
（18）考查动词词义辨析。A. imagine想象；B. receive接收；C. choose选择；D. undertake承担；从事。句意：人们已经失业，无力承担电费。故选D。
（19）考查形容词词义辨析。A. devoted奉献的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. grateful感激的；D. accustomed习惯的。句意：我永远感激Watts of Love，因为它让我们向前付出，让我们见证光明所带来的微笑。故选C。
（20）考查名词词义辨析。A. nature自然；B. light光明；C. future未来；D. harvest丰收。句意：让我们见证光明所带来的微笑。故选B。
【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
七、语法填空
【答案】 solution；by；offers/is offering；encouraging；to build；which；has had；probably；a；their
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国拍的一部科幻电影《流浪的地球》，它不同于其它科幻电影，是一部激励人心的片子。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，介词，时态，非谓语动词，定语从句，副词，冠词以及代词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
34.句意：在许多电影中，每当地球面临灾难，解决办法总是乘坐宇宙飞船逃离地球。此处应使用名词，且由is可知应用单数，故填solution。
35.句意：在许多电影中，每当地球面临灾难，解决办法总是乘坐宇宙飞船逃离地球。此处是介词by加上各种交通工具表示乘坐交通工具。故填by。
36.句意：但现在中国的科幻电影《漫游地球》提供了一个不同的和令人鼓舞的想法。电影正在放映，强调其客观性可以用一般现在时或现在进行时，主语是The Wandering Earth，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填offers/is offering。
37.句意：但现在中国的科幻电影《漫游地球》提供了一个不同的和令人鼓舞的想法。此处作定语修饰后面的名词idea，意为“令人鼓舞的”，故填encouraging。
38.句意：作为回应，世界各地的人们共同努力建立一个巨大的引擎系统，将地球推离太阳。此处动词不定式表目的，故填to build。
39.句意：作为回应，世界各地的人们共同努力建立一个巨大的引擎系统，将地球推离太阳。____________ will push Earth away from the sun是非限制性定语从句，先行词是engine system，指物，在非限制性定语从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
40.句意：到目前为止，祖国在中国人的心中一直占据着一个柔软的地方。根据时间状语so far可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为homeland，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has had。
41.句意：这种特殊的文化背景可能使《漫游地球》有别于其他电影。此处修饰动词，用副词，故填probably。
42.句意：那是一段许多人艰难返乡的日子。此处泛指“一段时间”，所以冠词要用不定冠词，time的第一个音素为辅音音素，应使用不定冠词a。故填a。
43.句意：那是一段许多人艰难返乡的日子。此处形容词性物主代词，作定语修饰hometowns，故填their。
八、改错题
【答案】 ①earthquake—earthquakes ②the—an ③wider—wide ④bursts—burst ⑤ruin—ruins ⑥extremely—extreme ⑦injured前加were ⑧killing—killed ⑨was now filled去掉was ⑩shocking—shocked
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了唐山大地震发生时的具体情形并介绍了这次大地震对人们带来的巨大痛苦。
①考查名词。句意：在3点42分，20世纪最大的地震之一让唐山摇晃了起来。one of+可数名词复数，固定短语，“….之一”，介词of的后面要可数名词复数earthquakes，故earthquake改为earthquakes。
②考查冠词。句意：似乎整个世界都结束了。at an end固定短语，“结束”，故the改为an。
③考查形容词。句意：8公里长30米宽的裂缝把房屋道路和水渠割开了。句中形容词原形wide直接用在数词之后，与前半句中的long形成呼应，故wider改为wide。
④考查时态。本文是一篇记叙文，介绍唐山大地震的有关情况，全文以一般过去时为主，动词burst的过去式是burst，故bursts改为burst。
⑤考查固定短语。句意：在15秒之内，整个城市成为一片废墟。in ruins固定短语“成为废墟”，故ruin改为ruins。
⑥考查形容词。本句应该使用形容词与系动词构成系表结构，故extremely改为extreme。
⑦考查语态。句意：在地震中三分之二的人去世受伤；句中injured意为“受伤的”，要和系动词were连用构成系表结构，所以要加were。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：被杀死或受伤的人的数量超过了40万。句子people与动词kill构成被动关系，要用过去分词killed在句中做定语，因此killing改为killed。
⑨考查语态。句意：沙子装满了水井而不是水。句中sand与动词fill构成主动关系，要用主动语态，系动词was是多余的，所以要删除was。
⑩考查形容词。句意：人们很震惊感觉很绝望。形容词shocked意为“震惊的”，通常修饰人或与人有关的事物。而“shocking”意为“令人震惊的”通常修饰事物，故shocking改为shocked。
【点评】本题考点涉及名词，冠词，形容词，时态，固定短语，语态等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
九、书面表达
【参考范文】
One possible version:
Dear Wang Lin,
How are you doing When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city. I was really concerned about you and your family.
I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster. It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured. What's worse, 20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down. I hope that none of your family members was injured.
Please don't be worried. Everything will be fine. If you need any help, please let me know. As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.
Yours sincerely,
Tom
【解析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以美国人汤姆的身份，给朋友王林写一封信。写作背景：你从电视新闻上得知王林所在的城市发生了地震。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：①询问王林及其家人是否安好；②得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；③愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。考生写作时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。审题时注意时态的选择，描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city.运用了时间状语从句和宾语从句； I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster.运用了不定式作原因状语； What's worse, 20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down. 运用了并列句；I hope that none of your family members was injured.运用了宾语从句； Please don't be worried. 运用了祈使句； If you need any help, please let me know.运用了条件状语从句和祈使句； As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.运用了宾语从句。