(共38张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
核心词汇
词汇一 first of all 首选；第一；最重要；首先
◆教材原句
First of all，you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 首先，你必须足够聪明来得到一个相关的大学文凭。
◆学法点拨 first of all 一是用来列举事物，二是突出重要性
◆要点必记
come first 首先；第一；首先要考虑的 first and foremost 首先；首要的是
first and last 从各方面看；完全 first up 第一；首先
from the（very）first 从一开始 from first to last 从头至尾；自始至终 at first 起初；起先
题组练·领悟方法
单句写作
（1） （ 首先），you should improve your spoken English.
（2） As a student， （最重要的），should be honest.
（3） （首要的是），you must tell me the truth.
（4） My son was very strong and didn’t turn to me for help （从头至尾）.
（5） My parents didn’t understand what I meant （起初）. After knowing it，they both supported me.
First of all
first of all
First and foremost
from first to last
at first
词汇二 recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
◆教材原句
In space，astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. 在太空中， 宇航员收集所有的污水，以便回收利用。
◆要点必记
recycle the waste material 回收废物 recycle paper/glass 回收纸/ 玻璃
recycled materials 回收的材 recycling n. 回收利用
◆词语积累
re- 可以作动词前缀，表示“又，再，重新”
cycle n. 循环；周期→ recycle v. 回收利 用；再利用 place v. 放；置→ replace vt. 取代；放回
move v. 移动→ remove vt. 移开；挪走 use vt. 使用→ reuse vt. 再利用 build v. 建；建造→ rebuild v. 重建
单句语法填空
（1） Making lovely objects using （recycle）and made material.
（2） The garbage is then taken away and，if possible， （recycle）.
单句写作
（3） Paper bags （很容易被循环利用）but require more energy to produce and transport.
单句翻译
（4） 始终正确地处理你的垃圾，并在可能的情况下回收废物。
______________________________________________________________________
recycled
recycled
are easily recycled
Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste where possible.
词汇三 lack（1）n. 缺乏；短缺 （2）vt. 没有；缺乏
◆教材原句
Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity，so they need to exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy. 由于缺乏重力，宇航员们的骨头和肌肉很容易变得虚弱， 所以他们需要每天锻炼来保持健康。
◆要点必记
the lack of... 缺乏…… lack sth. 缺乏…… a lack of 缺少
for/because of/through（a）lack of 因为缺乏…… be lacking in 缺乏……
◆误区警示
· lack 作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
·lack 作名词时，其后接介词of。
单句语法填空
（1） The headmaster said that lack of money was a great challenge.
（2） Though （lack）money，they managed to send their son to university.
（3） My father looks quite tired _____________lack of sleep.
单句写作
（4） Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and _______________ （缺乏锻炼）.
（5） Although Peter （缺乏经验），the manager asked him to take charge of the project.
a
lacking
for/through
a lack of exercise
lacked experience
词汇四 otherwise adv. 否则；要不然
◆教材原句 ...everything would float off otherwise. ……否则所有东西都会飘走。
◆要点必记
（1）通常用于“祈使句＋ otherwise ＋陈述句”的句型，意为“否则”，相当于or。
（2）otherwise 作句子副词时，还常用于引
起含蓄型虚拟语气句，表示如果某事没有发生，就会发生另一件事，该句谓语部分多用“would/could+have done”。
Study hard next term，otherwise you will fall behind others. 下学期努力学习，否则你会落后于其他人的。
Bob helped me. Otherwise，I wouldn’t have finished the task on time. 鲍勃帮助了我。否则我不可能按时完成任务的。
单句语法填空
（1） Do some exercises as a preparation before you swim. ___________，you might hurt yourself.
（2） He must have completed his work ___________ ，he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
（3）We lost our way in that small village. Otherwise we _________________________ （visit） more places of interest yesterday.
单句写作
（4） Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn’t have found it ___________ （否则）.
（5） They got two free tickets to the opening ceremony of the Olympics； ___________ （否则）they’d never have been able to afford to go.
Otherwise
otherwise
would/could have visited
otherwise
otherwise
词汇五 under control 在……的控制下
◆教材原句
During a spacewalk，astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control. 在太空行走中，宇航员不得不慢慢地移动以便他们能控制自己的身体。
◆要点必记
out of/beyond control 失去控制 in control of 掌管；控制
in/under the control of 在……的控制下 take/gain/get control of 控制
lose control of 失去控制 get/bring sth. under control 控制某事/ 某物
◆归纳拓展
“under+ 抽象名词”结构：
under discussion 在讨论中 under guarantee 在保质期内 under construction 在建设中under repair 在修理中
under consideration 在考虑中 under examination 在检查中under attack 遭受攻击
单句写作
（1） Even though the fire is （得到了控制），it is still burning.
（2）［2019·湖南长沙长郡中学高一期中］This helps the IOC keep the Olympics’ budget （得到了控制）.
（3）［2019·江苏南菁高级中学高一第一次段考］To my disappointment， his behavior is somewhat （失去控制）.
under control
under control
out of/beyond control
同义句转换
（4） At this moment，the problem is being discussed.
→ At this moment，the problem is .
（5） The high-speed railway is being built and will be completed at the end of 2019.
→ The high-speed railway is and will be completed at the end of 2019.
（6）My car is being repaired. Could you give me a lift
→ My car is . Could you give me a lift
under discussion
under construction
under repair
词汇六 beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
◆教材原句
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to be achieved. 将人类送往其他行星甚至太阳系之外并不是一个容易实现的目标。
◆要点必记
beyond control 失去控制 beyond the reach of 鞭长莫及
beyond repair 无法修理 beyond one’s power 超出某人的权力
beyond doubt 无疑地；确实 beyond belief 难以置信
beyond recognition 认不出来 beyond description 难以描述
beyond measure 难以衡量 beyond sb. 对于某人来说难以理解；对某人来说很难处理
单句写作
（1） Your shoes are worn and they are （无法修理）.
（2） Martin lives in New York，__________________（鞭长莫及）his parents.
（3） Lang Ping is （无疑）an excellent coach in volleyball.
单句翻译
（4） 这个问题他难以理解，所以他向我求助。
______________________________________________________
（5） 罗伯特改变得太大了，以至于他没被认出来。
______________________________________________________
beyond repair
beyond the reach of
beyond doubt
The question was beyond him，so he asked me for help.
Robert changed so much that he was beyond recognition.
词汇七 current（1）adj. 当前的；现在的；通用的；流通的
（2）n. 水流；电流；思潮
◆教材原句
For example，using current technology， it would take over two years to get to the closest planet，Mars，and back. 例如，使用目前的技术，需要两年多的时间才能到达最近的行星——火星，然后再回来。
◆要点必记
the current technology 目前的技术 the current situation 当前的形势 current money 流通货币
current/the latest events 当前事件/ 最新事件 current affairs 时事 electric current 电流
◆词语积累
currently adv. 当前；现时 currency n. 通货；货币；支付手段
写出句中current 的词性及含义
（1） The current situation in the world is a little tense. ______________________
（2） Strong currents and winds swept their boat out to sea. _______________
单句语法填空
（3） The （currency）situation in that African country is very tense，so you’d better not go there.
（4） Zhu Ting，one of the most excellent players in China， （current）plays for Tianjin Bohai Bank.
单句翻译
（5） 你能谈谈沙漠的现状吗？
_____________________________________________________________
adj. 目前的；现在的
n. 水流
current
currently
Can you say something about the current conditions in the desert
词汇八 figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白；计算出
◆教材原句
Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey 科学家们会想出一种方法来为长途旅行储存足够的食物和水吗？
◆要点必记 figure in 把……列入计算 figure that... 认为……
◆学法点拨 figure out 后面可接名词、代词作宾语，也可接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”或宾语从句。
◆归纳拓展
break out（战争、灾难等）爆发；发生 bring out 使显示；出版；生产
give out 分发；公布；用完；耗尽 come out 出现；出版；结果是
make out 勉强看见、听出；理解；弄清楚 look out/watch out 当心；留神
turn out 制造；生产；原来是；结果是 work out 算出；想出；制定出；锻炼；解决
写出句中figure out 的含义
（1） Please help me to figure out my income tax. ___________
（2） I’m busy now. You should figure out a way to solve the problem. ___________
（3） I can’t figure out why he gave up the well-paid job. ____________
单句语法填空
（4） I couldn’t figure what made our boss so angry at the meeting.
（5） We need to study and figure out how _____________（promote）our products.
计算出
弄明白
弄清楚
out
to promote
用含out 的有关短语填空
（6）When the Second World War ，my grandfather was at university.
（7）When we climbed to the top of Mount Tai，my legs .
（8）The book has been translated into more than 30 languages since it in 1945.
（9）It was so foggy that the driver could hardly the way ahead.
（10）To keep fit，the famous actress spends about two hours ______________every day.
（11）He said he was a general；but later he _____________ to be a cheat.
（12）While crossing the street，you must __________________for the cars.
broke out
gave out
came out
make out
working out
turned out
look out/watch out
词汇九 sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
◆要点必记
sufficient water 充足的水sufficient materials 充足的材料
sufficient time 充足的时间sufficient resources 充足的资源
sufficient information 充足的信息be sufficient for 对……来说是足够的
be sufficient to do sth. 足够做某事
◆词语积累
sufficiency n. 足够；充分sufficiently adv. 足够地；充分地
单句语法填空
（1） The water in this pond is not sufficient watering wheat.
（2） Mary _____________（sufficient）used the chance to learn about Chinese culture when she was in Beijing.
单句写作
（3） There is （足够的证据证明） that he wasn’t connected with the incident.
（4） If I have （足够的时间），I will pay a visit to the Forbidden City.
for
sufficiently
sufficient evidence to prove
sufficient time
词汇十 keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
◆要点必记
dead keen 非常喜欢
be keen to do sth. 渴望做某事
be keen on（doing）sth. 热衷于（做）某事
take a keen interest in 对……有兴趣
a keen eye for sth. 对某事物有敏锐的眼光
a keen mind/brain 灵敏/ 敏锐的头脑
◆词语积累
keenly adv. 强烈地；（观察）敏锐地 keenness n. 渴望；热衷
单句语法填空
（1） There was a time when my daughter was keen pop music.
（2） The young player is keen （win）a gold medal in the Olympic Games.
（3） My father has always been （keen）interested in politics.
单句写作
（4） When Jackson was a kid，he ___________________（非常热衷于）drawing.
on
to win
keenly
took a keen interest in
重点句式
句式一 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人一些时间做某事。
◆教材原句
For example，using the current technology， it would take over two years to get to the closest planet，Mars，and back. 例如，使用目前的技术，需要两年多的时间才能到达最近的行星——火星，然后再回来。
◆句式分析
本句是一个简单句。句中的using... 是现在分词短语作状语。句型It takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示“花费某人一些时间做某事”。句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
◆归纳拓展
spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间/ 金钱
spend time（in）doing sth. 花费时间做某事
spend money（on）doing sth. 花费金钱做某事
单句语法填空
（1） It will take nearly 20 years （bring）the fish’s population back to strong levels.
（2） It took the workers less than nine years _______________（complete）the world’s longest sea bridge.
（3） Jane Goodall spent more than fifty years （study）the chimps.
句型转换
（4） The clever boy spent only five minutes working out the difficult question.
the clever boy only five minutes the difficult question.
to bring
to complete
studying
It took
to work out
单元语法
不定式作状语和定语
要点一 不定式作目的状语
◆用法归纳
不定式作目的状语，既可位于句首，也可位于句中。
◆词语辨析
in order to 与so as to
· in order to 引出的不定式可置于句首或句中。
· so as to 引出的不定式只能置于句中而不能置于句首。
单句语法填空
（1） （find）out more information about the course，please visit the website.
（2） We will do whatever we can （help）the victims of the earthquake.
（3） （reduce）air pollution，the local government has taken strict measures.
To find
to help
To reduce
要点二 不定式作结果状语
◆用法归纳
（ 1）动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一 些固定搭配中：so...as to do sth.；such...as to do sth.；...enough to do sth.；too...to do sth.。
注意：当too 后跟表示情感的形容词，如ready，pleased，happy 等时，too...to 这一结构不含否定意义，而是“太……”。too 前还可用only。
（ 2）动词不定式作结果状语时，常与 only，never 连用，强调结果和失望的情绪。
单句语法填空
（1） They hurried to the station，only （find）that the train had left.
（2）We came to the library after school，only （tell）that it was being decorated.
（3） The animals before the earthquake were too nervous （eat）.
（4） She was too young ___________（understand）all that.
（5）We are only too pleased （work）together with you.
to find
to be told
to eat
to understand
to work
（6）He is too ready （help）the homeless.
（7）We found the stadium big enough （hold）so many people.
（8）I hope there are enough books for each student （have）one.
（9）Henry was so careless as （make）some spelling mistakes.
（10）Would you be so kind （close）the door for me
to help
to hold
to have
to make
to close
要点三 不定式作原因状语
◆用法归纳
不定式作原因状语主要用在形容词或过去分词后面，表示产生这种情绪的原因。有这样用法的形容词有：able，unable， willing，unwilling，eager，anxious， proud，happy，lucky，fortunate，angry， content，sorry，ready，glad，clever，quick， slow，foolish，considerate，ashamed， surprised，frightened，shocked，delighted， disappointed 等。
单句语法填空
（1） They are proud _____________（realize）their dreams.
（2） Her friends were very surprised （hear）that they had broken up.
（3） Mary was glad （see）his father working in the garden.
（4） I am sorry （hear）that you should have given up the good chance.
（5） Sandefur was shocked （find）out she had won a MacArthur Fellowship.
（6）You are foolish ____________（leave）your new bike outside without locking it.
（7）The European country is willing _____________（cooperate）with China on its Belt and Road Initiative，known as the BRI.
to realized
to hear
to see
to hear
to find
to have left
to cooperate
要点四 不定式的主动形式表被动意义
◆用法归纳
当句子中有形容词easy，difficult，light， heavy，comfort，pleasant，hard，dangerous， fit，unfit，interesting，important，necessary 等时，用不定式的主动形式表达被动 意义。
To turn to the left, you can find a cinema.
=If you turn to the left, you can find a cinema. 若向左拐，你能发现一个电影院。
单句语法填空
（1） Our monitor is easy （get）along with.
（2） The problem is very difficult （solve）.
（3） The air in the morning is pleasant （breathe）.
（4） The book is very interesting （read）.
（5） For those who like animals，those dogs are hard （resist）.
（6）Scientific information can be difficult _______________（understand）.
to get
to solve
to breathe
to read
to resist
to understand
要点五 不定式作定语
◆用法归纳
不定式作定语时，放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
（ 1）动词不定式和它修饰的词之间是动 宾关系。
Have you got anything to do this evening
今晚你有事吗？
（ 2）被修饰的词与动词不定式有逻辑上 的主谓关系，这时被修饰的名词常常被first，last，second 以及only 等修饰。
sb./sth. be the first/second/third... to do... 某人/ 某物是第一个/ 第二个/ 第三个做……的……
（ 3）动词不定式说明它修饰的名词或代 词的内容，相当于同位语，可以转换为同位语从句。常见的可跟动词不定式作定语的这类名词有：decision，wish， chance，promise，plan，attempt，effort， right（权利），ability，patience，way 等。
单句语法填空
（1） I have something important （tell）you.
（2） I want to get something （read）in the coming summer holidays.
（3） My mother had lots of things （deal）with.
（4） Miss Liu is a very nice person （work）with.
（5） China is the third country in the world （send）men into space.
to tell
to read
to deal
to deal
to send
（6）My sister was the first person （think）of the idea.
（7）Lang Ping is the first person in the volleyball （win）an Olympic gold medal as a player and a coach.
（8）Could you come up with a better way （solve）the difficult problem
（9）The German girl has the ability （learn）Chinese well.
（10）I’m willing to work for free if I can get a chance （talk）to Olympians from all over the world in person.
（11）Mary had great determination ___________（achieve）her goal.
to think
to win
to solve
to learn
to talk
to achieve Unit 4 Space Exploration
Period 4 Reading For Writing教学设计
This section is about an argumentative essay, whose theme is about the value of space exploration,
Students ought to read the text for basic understanding and begin to reflect on the question of whether exploring space is worth the money and effort.
1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about an argumentative essay.
2. Study the organization and language features.
3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.
4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.
1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to write an argumentative.
2. Cultivate students to write an argumentative properly and concisely.
Step 1: Skim to study the organization of the passage
1.What’s the main purpose of essay
It is to present an idea that exploring space has helps us in many ways.
2.What is the main idea of the passage
It is to present an idea that exploring space has helps us in many ways./benefits us a lot.
3. Sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
Para1: Different opinions about space exploration.
Para2：Exploring space has made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
Para3：Space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us.
Para4：Sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.
Para5：Exploring space provides the world with many benefits, so it should continue.
Step2：Read for details.
1.Why are so many people against space exploration
2.What has space exploration done for food production
3.What did the pictures of Earth from space make people realize
4.How does space exploration benefit the products that people use nowadays
5.What’s the author’s attitude to exploring space And find out three topic sentences that support the writer’s idea.
Step 3: outline
Different opinions about space explorationSome people argue that we should stop exploring,while others feel this is a 1. shallow view.Different benefits of exploring spaceIt has 2. made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has 3. promoted technological improvements.It helps people 4. think about the world's problems.Draw a conclusionExploring space should 5. continue .
Step 4:
写出你对太空探索的看法
本单元的写作项目是议论文，议论文的写作就是对某一方面的问题，通过列举事实、讲道理的方法来表达自己的看法。一般来说，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成，通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排写作。
基本框架
1．开头(beginning)——交代或提出问题
2．主体(body)——介绍或从几个方面来分析问题
3．结尾(ending)——写出解决问题的方法或思路
主题词汇
1．argue with sb.about sth.与某人争论某事
2．with the development of science and technology随着科技的进步
3．My reasons are as follows...我的理由如下
4．I don't agree with the idea that...我反对……
5．exploring space has promoted the development of...宇宙探索促进了……的发生
6．space exploration benefits farming宇宙探索惠及农业
话题佳句
1．Different people have different ideas about space exploration.
对于探索宇宙不同的人有不同的观点。
2．I hold the view that mankind should explore space.
我认为人类应该探索宇宙。
3．Different people look at the question in different way.
不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。
4.60% of the people hold the view that exploring space will benefit us, on the other hand, 40% think it wastes lots of time and money.
百分之六十的人认为探索太空会对我们有益，然而另一方面，百分之四十的人认为它浪费了大量的时间和金钱。
5．I think there are many advantages in exploring space. First，it has made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Second, it made us realize that our earth's resources are limited.
我认为探索宇宙有很多优点，第一，它在抗击世界性饥饿的战斗中发挥了作用。第二，它让我们认识到地球的资源有限的。
6.On the other hand，the rest of the people are against the plan because it may result in some bad effect.
另一方面，其余的人反对这个计划，因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。
7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.
我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。
8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short term and long term problems.
为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法，我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。
9．From my point of view，it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much，which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.
在我看来，年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的，因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。
最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展，还可以用来指导农业生产，以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活；也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力；影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。
注意：1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；
2．词数80左右。
Recently we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether mankind should explore space or not, different people about it has different opinions.
Some people hold the view that space exploration will not only enable us to understand how the universe develop but also help farming to grow more food and apply the new technology to our life. while other people argue that we should stop exploring space because it costs too much time and money.
From my point of view，it is very necessary for human to explore space.Because it not only can provide the world with many different benefits，but also can solve people's short-term and long-term problems.Unit 4 Space Exploration
Period 2 Reading and Thinking
Space: the final frontier教学设计
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.
1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.
2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.
3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability
4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.
1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.
2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.
3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration.
Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.
Step 1: Warming up and prediction
Look at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about
2. What are the main reasons for space exploration
Step2: Fast reading tasks
Read the passage quickly and choose the correct sentence to fill each gap in the text.
A. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.
B. They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.
C. The future of space exploration remains bright.
D .After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity.
Step3: scan for details.
Read it again and find out the details.
Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957
2. Who was the first person in the world to go into space
3. Who was the first man to orbit Earth in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft
4. In which satellites, all the astronauts died during their missions
5. What’s the attitude to the space exploration according to the author
Step4 : Read for main ideas
Read quickly and figure out the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 5
Step 5: Critical thinking:
1.What do you think of the space exploration
2. If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present
3. Do you think space is the final frontier And why
Step 6: consolidation.
People have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, people succeeded in realizing their dream (3) _________(explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR.
(5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone (6)____________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003,
China became the third country to (8)____________(independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)__ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.
Step 7：learning strategies
1.迅速浏览文章, 抓住关键词, 理清论点和论据
2.找出段落中支持topic sentence的detailed words, 从而总结出段落大意。如时间标志词: on 4 October 1957, on 12 April 1961, on 20 July 1969
3.关注每一段中能够表现出对探索太空抱有坚定信心和意愿的词汇和语句, 如: be determined to do, believe in, carry on等, 从而总结出作者的观点和立场
Step7 Homework:
Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.(共7张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLOARTIOAN
Section A Listening and Speaking
核心词汇
词汇一 mental adj. 精神的；思想的；大脑的；存在于脑中的
◆教材原句
Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment，but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training. 宇航员不仅要学会如何使用太空设备，还要做大量的心理和体能训炼。
◆要点必记
mental development 智力发展mental health/illness/problems 心理健康/ 疾病/ 问题
physical and mental health 身心健康physical and mental conditions 身心状况
◆词语积累
mentally adv. 精神上；精神地
题组练·领悟方法
单句语法填空
（1） Mrs. Brown was unable to （mental）return to work after the terrible accident.
（2） I could tell from the look on her face that she was not （mental）stable.
mentally
mentally
单句写作
（3） It is said that taking exercise is good to __________________（智力发展）.
（4） Long years of civil war in that African country affected people’s ____________________（身心健康）.
（5） The research has shown that listening to music or playing instruments can help heal _______________________ （身心状况）.
mental development
physical and mental health
physical and mental conditions
词汇二 intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
◆教材原句
First of all，you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 首先，你必须足够聪明来获得相关的大学学位。
◆要点必记
intelligent software/systems 智能软件/ 系统 a highly intelligent student 非常聪明的学生
◆词语积累
intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧
a person of high/low intelligence 智力高/ 低的人
a person of average/normal intelligence 具有平均/ 正常智力水平的人 artificial intelligence 人工智能
单句语法填空
（1） He believes that all children are born with equal __________（intelligent）.
（2） When robots become extremely __________（intelligence）one day， what will happen to our earth
（3） The first part of the robot’s name，the letters AI，are short for artificial _________（intelligent）.
intelligence
intelligent
intelligence
单句写作
（4） The boy is （如此聪明，以至于）he can solve the mathematical problem.
（5） Susan is a woman （具有高智商的） who knows her own mind.
so intelligent that
of high intelligence(共41张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLOARTIOAN
Section D Listening and Talking, Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
核心词汇
词汇一 be curious about 对……感到好奇
◆教材原句
I’m really curious about his life in space. 我真的对他在太空中的生活感到好奇。
◆要点必记
be curious to do sth. 很想做某事
It is/was curious that... ……是奇怪的
◆词语积累
curiously adv. 好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇
题组练·领悟方法
单句语法填空
（1） The little kids are curious everything around them and eager to know about it.
（2） People were curious （know）how Peter would deal with the matter.
（3） The children looked at me （curious），asking where I came from.
（4） Out of （curious），David turned on the new computer.
单句写作
（5） The little child looked at the dog （好奇地）.
（6）Susan （对……好奇）what her brother was doing，but he never told her anything.
about
to know
curiously
curiosity
with curiosity
was curious about
词汇二 argue vt. & vi. 论证；争辩；争论
◆教材原句
Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. 有些人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
◆要点必记
（ 1）argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人 争论某事
argue for 为支持……而争辩
argue against 为反对……而争辩；不赞成
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做某事/ 不做某事
argue that... 争辩……；认为……
（ 2）argument n. 争论；辩论
have an argument with sb. 与某人争论/ 争吵
have an argument about/over sth. 为某事争论/ 争吵
an argument for/against... 支持/ 反对…… 的论据/ 理由
◆词语辨析
argue 与debate
·argue 侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。
· debate 侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。
单句语法填空
（1） Tom has been arguing his brother about where they should go for their holidays.
（2） Robert argued reducing his pocket money every month.
（3） Most teachers argued an increase in their salaries.
（4） It’s no use （argue）with me about the matter.
（5） You should solve the problem by （argue），not by fight.
with
against
for
arguing
argument
单句写作
（6）I finally （说服他不）going on such a dangerous journey.
（7）We tried to （说服她加入） us in helping the homeless.
辨析填空（argue/debate）
（8）Many experts had for the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project for many years before it started.
（9）Last Friday，we _________whether students should use their smartphones on weekdays at school.
argued him out of
argue her into joining
argued
debated
词汇三 the solution to... ……的解决方法
◆教材原句
Instead，we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other
problems，such as pollution and fatal diseases. 相反，我们应该养活世界上的穷人，并立即找到其他问题的解决办法，比如污染和致命的疾病。
◆要点必记
the entrance to the cave 山洞的入口 the answer to the question 问题的答案
the key to the door 门的钥匙 the key to success 成功的关键
the approach to the problem 问题的解决办法
单句语法填空
（1） The school advisor don’t give you any direct （solve）to your problem.
（2） I have tried very hard to find a solution the problem，but in vain.
单句写作
（3） Could you tell us （成功的关键）？
（4） Professor Yang came up with （ 三个解决办法）the difficult problem at the meeting.
solution
to
the key to success
three approaches to solving
词汇四 shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
◆教材原句
However，others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. 然而，其他人认为这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空是怎样帮助我们的。
◆要点必记
a shallow argument 肤浅的论点 a shallow person 一个肤浅的人 the shallow water 浅水
◆词语积累
shallowly adv. 肤浅地；浅地 shallowness n. 肤浅；浅
◆对比记忆
shallow adj. 浅的←→ deep adj. 深的
单句写作
（1） His argument was （如此肤浅）that few people were argued into supporting his idea.
（2） （越浅）the earthquake is，the more likely it is to cause damage.
单句翻译
（3） 这条河里的水太浅了，我们可以走过去。
____________________________________________________
（4） 鲍勃是个肤浅的人。另外，他很懒。
____________________________________________________
so shallow
The shallower
The water in this river is so shallow that we can walk across it.
Bob is a shallow person. Besides， he is very lazy.
词汇五 make a difference 对……产生影响；有意义
◆教材原句
Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先，探索太空已经在战胜世界性饥饿方面发挥了作用。
◆要点必记
make a big/great difference（to）（对……） 产生很大的影响
make no/little difference（to）（对……）无影响；没关系
It makes no difference to sb. whether... or not... 是否做某事对某人没有影响。
单句写作
（1）［2017·北京卷］Hannah is one of many examples of young people who _________________________（正产生影响）in the world.
（2） What she says will （对…… 无影响）our plan.
（3） What we are doing now will ____________________________ （对……产生很大的影响）the children’s future.
are making a difference
make no difference to
make a big/great difference to
词汇六 result in 导致；造成
◆教材原句
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. 其直接结果是产生了现在环绕地球运行的许多卫星。
◆要点必记
result in（=lead to=contribute to）导致，引起（其后接结果）
result from（=lie in）由……产生，存在于 （ 其后接原因）
单句语法填空
（1） Our effort resulted success.
（2） The failure resulted his laziness.
（3） A powerful typhoon hit our town， （result）in great damage.
单句写作
（4） His great discovery （缘于）his determination
and devotion to science.
（5） Stress and tiredness often ____________________________（导致）a lack of concentration.
in
from
resulting
resulted from/lay in
result in/lead to/contribute to
词汇七 a number of 许多，大量的
◆教材原句
A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. 大量的卫星记录了陆地和天气模式的数据。
◆要点必记
· a number of（许多，大量的）+ 可数名词复数+ 复数谓语
· the number of（……的数量）+ 可数名词复数+ 单数谓语
◆一言助记
If you want to be number one，you must be better than a number of students in your school. The number of these students is at least one thousand. Moreover，you should have a good memory and keep in mind a great number of phone numbers，door numbers，etc. 你如果想成为第一，一定要比学校里的许多学生优秀。这些学生的人数至少为1000 人。此外，你应该有好的记忆力，记住大量的电话号码，门牌号等。
单句语法填空
（1） Up to now，a large number of new houses （build）for those who lost their homes in the terrible earthquake.
（2） During the last three decades，the number of people taking part in physical fitness programs （increase）sharply.
（3） An increasing number of students （be）choosing to go abroad to study every year.
（4）［2019·山东师大附中高一期中］A large number of people （be）fluent English speakers，and the number of people learning English （be）increasing rapidly.
have been built
has increased
are
are
is
单句写作
（5） （大量）soldiers were sent to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.
（6） （毕业生人数）in our university this year is 2，000.
A large number of
The number of graduates
词汇八 as a result 所以；结果（是）
◆教材原句
As a result，space-based science has helped farming... 因此，以空间为基础的科学帮助农业……
◆要点必记
as a result 所以，结果（是） as a result of 由于
result from 起因于 result in 导致，造成
◆词语辨析 as a result 与 as a result of
·as a result“因此，结果（是）”，单独使用，一般放在句首，后面常加逗号。
·as a result of“作为……的结果，由于”， 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
辨析填空（as a result/as a result of）
（1） He had some bad fish. ，he felt ill this morning.
（2） He can’t take part in the sports meeting his serious injuries in an accident.
单句写作
（3）［词汇复现］After he took charge of the company，the business didn’t pick up. ____________（结果），people left the company one after another.
As a result
as a result of
As a result
词汇九 regularly adv. 经常；定期地
◆教材原句
They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. 他们还帮助企业生产更好的心脏检测器和医生经常使用的其他机器。
◆要点必记
work out/exercise regularly 经常锻炼
eat breakfast regularly 定期吃早餐
◆词语积累
regular adj. 定期的；有规律的
on a regular basis 定期地
单句语法填空
（1） If you want to keep fit，you can exercise （regular）in a gym.
（2） In her spare time，she （regular）took her son to the museums.
单句写作
（3） If it is a sport or athletic skill，perform the activity （定期地）.
regularly
regularly
on a regular basis
词汇十 limited adj. 有限的
◆教材原句
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. 把我们星球的照片看作是在黑暗的海洋中一个岛屿的照片，这使人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的。
◆要点必记
limited time 有限的时间 limited space 有限的空间 limited company 有限责任公司
◆词语积累
limit n. & vt. 限制 set a limit to/on 限制，控制 within（the）limits 不超出限度
There be no/a limit/are limits to/on... …… 是无限的/ 有限的。
limit... to... 把……限定在…… be limited to 限定在…… limitless adj. 无限的
单句语法填空
（1） Time is （limit），so we must get down to work now.
（2） Henry is a man of （limit）ability，so the manager won’t allow him to take charge of the department.
（3） The universe is becoming bigger all the time，so it is （limit）.
（4） There is a limit what one person can do.
单句写作
（5） What’s more，culture shock （不局限于）the overseas visitors.
单句翻译
（6）你如果努力的话，成就无可限量。
______________________________________________________
limited
limited
limitless
to
is not limited to
There is no limit to what you can do if you are hardworking.
词汇十一 provide for sb. 提供生活所需
◆教材原句
In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. 为了满足增长如此迅速的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找其他可能成为我们新家园的行星。
◆要点必记
provide for sth. 为……做好准备 provide sb. with sth. 把某物提供给某人 provide sth. for/to sb. 为某人提供某物
◆归纳拓展
向某人提供某物
offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb.
单句语法填空
（1） My father provides our family by working in an IT company.
（2）We must provide the needs and safety of all passengers.
（3） After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodations ______the homeless families.
（4） I don’t think the experiment is a failure，because it has provided us valuable experience for future tests.
单句翻译（一句多译）
（5） 父母应该为他们的孩子们提供一个良好的教育。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
for
for
for/to
with
Parents should provide their children with a good education./Parents should provide a good education
for/to their children.
词汇十二 at present 目前；现在
◆教材原句
The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. 目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球较近。
◆学法点拨
at present 常与一般现在时或现在进行时连用。
◆归纳拓展
at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时；暂且；就目前而言
the present situation 目前的形势 the people present 在场的人
be present at the elections 出席选举 present sth. to sb./present sb. with sth. 向某人颁发某物
单句语法填空
（1） present，the World Health Organization warns that millions of people are suffering from indoor air pollution.
（2） It is useless arguing about the matter， the present at least.
（3） I （get）along well with my new classmates at present.
（4）We presented him a gift in appreciation of（感谢）all he had done for us.
单句写作
（5） At present，they （正在研发）the flying car.
（6）In （当今世界），we teenagers are living under great stress.
At
for
am getting
with
are developing
the present world
词汇十三 closing（1）adj. 结尾的；结束的 （2）n. 停业；关闭；倒闭
◆教材原句
In closing，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 最后， 探索太空给世界带来了许多不同的好处。
◆要点必记
（ 1）in closing 最后
closing date 截止日期
closing time（酒店、餐馆、商店等）打烊时间；停止营业时间
（2）get/be close to 靠近；接近
单句语法填空
（1） The （close）date for the application is April 30.
（2） At the （close）ceremony，they gave us a wonderful performance.
单句写作
（3） （最后），daydreaming helps you to know yourself better.
（4） Don’t （靠近）the dog，because it is fierce.
closing
closing
In closing
get close to
词汇十四 run out 用完，耗尽（不及物动词词组）
◆教材原句
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out. 为人们在太空中找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将 耗尽。
◆要点必记
run out 用完，耗尽（不及物动词词组，无被动语态）
run out of 用完，耗尽（及物动词词组，有被动语态）
use up 用完，用尽（及物动词词组） give out 用完，用尽（不及物动词词组）
◆一言助记
Her money has run out and she is also running out of patience. 她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也快耗尽了。
单句语法填空
（1）We must take measures quickly because time is running .
（2） He has run out all the energy.
（3） He has used all the money his parents gave him.
（4） After so long a walk，all his strength gave .
单句写作
（5） Food supplies in the flood-stricken area （要用光了）. We must act immediately before there’s none left.
（6）With money （用完），I had to call my mother to ask her for some.
out
of
up
out
are running out
running out/run out of
词汇十五 attach vt. 系；绑；贴；参加；与……有关联；认为有重要性
◆教材原句
While landing，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. 着陆时，他们必须把自己固定在某物上，以防止四处飘荡。
◆要点必记
attach... to... 把……固定在/ 附在……上
attach（great/little）importance/significance/ value/weight to 认为……（很有/ 几乎没有）重要性/ 意义/ 价值/ 分量
◆词语积累
attached adj. 附加的；附属的；依恋的 be attached to 喜欢；附属于；为……工作
◆误区警示 以上 attach 短语中的 to 均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空
（1） Attach a recent photo the application form.
（2） To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance becoming rich and famous.
（3） My youngest brother is attached collecting cars.
单句写作
（4）With a label （贴在）each piece of luggage，it is easy for passengers to recognize their own luggage.
（5） My parents always （非常重视）my getting a good education.
（6）The school （附属于）Beijing Normal University.
to
to
to
attached to
attach great importance to
is attached to
重点句式
句式一 whether...or... 不管……还是……
◆教材原句
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions，whether to Mars or other planets much further away. 世界各国正在花费数十亿美元和大量时间进行各种太空任务，无论是到火星还是更远的其他行星。
◆要点必记
whether...or...“不管……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，表示在从句所提供的两种选择之下，主句所表示的结果相同。
◆归纳拓展 连接并列结构的句式有：
both... and... 既……也…… not only... but also... 不但……而且……
either... or... 或者……或者…… neither... nor... 既不……，也不…… not... but... 不是……，而是……
单句语法填空
（1） Mrs. Green doesn’t know whether her daughter is in New York in London.
（2） The bears live in outdoor forest cages big enough to let the animals decide whether to play together stay away from each other most of the day.
（3） Neither Jackson his parents were invited to the party last night.
（4） Bob refused the job offer，not because he didn’t like it， because the salary was low.
单句写作
（5） Alice can （不但）dance （而且）sing.
or
or
nor
but
not only
but also
句式二 倍数表达法
◆教材原句
Olympus Mons，the largest volcano on Mars，is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma. 奥林匹斯火山是火星上最大的火山，高度大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍。
◆要点必记
（1）A +be + 倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as B.
（2）A +be + 倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than B.
（ 3）A +be +倍数+ the size/length/width/ height/depth... + of B.
（4）A +be + 倍数 + what 引导的从句.
◆学法点拨
两倍用twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+ times”表达。
单句语法填空
（1） This river is five times （long）than that one.
（2） This bridge is twice the （wide）of that one.
（3） This room is three times as big that one.
一句多译
我们的新学校是原来学校的三倍大。
（4）_______________________________________________
（5） ______________________________________________
（6）_______________________________________________
（7）_______________________________________________
longer
width
as
Our new school is three times as big as the old one.
Our new school is three times bigger than the old one.
Our new school is three times the size of the old one.
Our new school is three times what it used to be.
单句写作
（3） It is said that taking exercise is good to __________________（智力发展）.
（4） Long years of civil war in that African country affected people’s ____________________（身心健康）.
（5） The research has shown that listening to music or playing instruments can help heal _______________________ （身心状况）.
mental development
physical and mental health
physical and mental conditions(共44张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Section B Reading and Thinking
核心词汇
词汇一 determine vt. 查明；确定；决定
◆教材原句
However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
◆要点必记
determine to do sth. 决定/ 决心做某事
determine on（doing）sth. 决定（做）某事
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事
题组练·领悟方法
◆词语积累
determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
be determined that... 决心……
determination n. 决心；决定
with determination 坚决地
单句语法填空
（1） I have determined going to the countryside after graduating from college.
（2） He is （determine）to take good care of his parents from now on.
（3） The （determine）expression on her face suggested that she wouldn’t change her mind.
（4） Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great ____________ （determine）.
on
determined
determined
determination
单句写作
（5） He _______________________________（下定决心好好利用）this chance to learn more about the Chinese culture.
（6）Paul was fond of Chinese culture，so he_________________（ 决定定居）in China.
was determined to make good use of
determined to settle
词汇二 succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
◆教材原句
After many experiments，they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity. 经过多次实验后，他们成功地制造出能够逃脱地球引力的火箭。
◆要点必记
succeed sb. as... 接替某人担任……
succeed to sth. 继承（王位等）
◆词语积累
success n.［U］成功；［C］成功的人（或事）
successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地
单句语法填空
（1） He succeeded in （pass）the entrance examination and was admitted to Peking University.
（2） I’m sure that David is to succeed him chairman.
单句写作
（3） I never thought such a little child could （成功地解决）such a difficult problem.
（4） Li Ming studied very hard，so he （成功通过）the college entrance examination.
（5） Who do you think will （继承）Mr Li’s company
passing
as
succeed in dealing with
succeeded in
succeed to
词汇三 make sure 确保；查明，弄清楚
◆教材原句
Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong，accidents can still happen. 尽管科学家们试图确保不出差错，但事故仍有可能发生。
◆要点必记
make sure（that）...确保……； 弄清楚……
make sure of（doing）sth.确保……； 弄清楚……
单句语法填空
（1） A novelist should make sure the description in a novel will attract the readers.
（2） You’d better make sure the exact time of the arriving train.
（3） She is not sure his getting his diploma.
（4） Be sure （design）a beautiful airport.
单句写作
（5） My assistant will help me （弄清楚） the time of the flight.
（6）He （一定会）get nervous and say something stupid.
that
of
of
to design
make sure of
is sure to
词汇四 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
◆教材原句
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。
◆要点必记
be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人失望
be disappointed at/about sth. 对某事失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望
◆词语积累
disappoint vt. 使……失望
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
◆一言辨异
The disappointing news that he failed the exam made him very disappointed. 他没有通过考试，这令人沮丧的消息让他感到非常失望。
单句语法填空
（1） Although I was ______________I couldn’t keep the toys，I was somewhat proud to take them back.
（2） To my （disappoint），his behaviour cause some misunderstanding between us.
（3） The teacher is disappointed Tony’s attitude towards study.
（4）We were greatly disappointed （know）that she was absent.
（5） The fans were disappointed the film star when they learned some negative news about him on the website.
（6）The fans looked quite （disappoint）when they heard the _____________（disappoint）result.
disappointed
disappointment
at/about
to know
in/with
disappointed
disappointing
单句写作
（7）The workers （失望地发现） that they couldn’t understand the instructions on the machine.
（8）We （对……感到失望）your previous behaviour
were disappointed to find
are disappointed at/about
词汇五 desire（1）n. 渴望；欲望 （2）vt. 渴望；期望
◆要点必记
（have）a desire to do（有）做……的渴望
（have）a desire for（有）做……的渴望
desire to do... 渴望做……
◆误区警示
desire that + 主语+（should+）动词原形 希望……（desire 后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+ 动词原形”，should 可以省略）
◆归纳拓展
后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“（should+） 动词原形”的动词：
一个“坚持”（insist）；
两道“命令”（order，command）；
四条“建议”（suggest，propose，advise， recommend）；
五点“ 要求”（demand，desire，request， require，urge）
单句语法填空
（1） He desires （join）the army and devote himself to the country.
（2） Several people have expressed a desire （see）the report.
（3）［2019·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末］Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people’s desire new ideas is hard to satisfy.
（4） At yesterday’s meeting，the manager desired that the project __________________（ finish）on time.
to join
to see
for
(should）be finished
单句写作
（5） I （不想惹任何麻烦），so I keep away from Jackson.
have no desire to cause any trouble
词汇六 carry on 继续做，坚持干
◆教材原句
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为尽管有很大的风险，人们依旧相信继续太空探索的重要性。
◆要点必记
carry on sth. 从事某事 carry on with sth. 继续某事 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事
◆归纳拓展
carry out 进行；贯彻；执行；实施 carry through 顺利实现
carry off 赢得；成功地对付 carry forward 成功地进行
单句语法填空
（1） Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi，the girl was determined to carry with her good work.
用carry 短语的适当形式填空
（2） Although faced with so many difficulties，they still their research.
（3） The support of her mother Jane Goodall and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.
（4） He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to the secret task.
（5） The team will have to without Professor Smith.
on
carry on with
carried
through
carry out
carry on
词汇七 on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
◆教材原句
It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board... 它环绕地球运行，空间站里有来自不同国家的宇航员……
◆要点必记
take sth. on board 考虑某事
◆学法点拨
on board 是介词短语，在句中可作表语或定语。
◆词语辨析
board，broad 与abroad
·board n. 板子；布告牌；黑板；委员会
v. 登上（船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）
·broad adj. 宽的；广阔的
·abroad adv. 在国外；到国外
at abroad 在国外 go abroad 去国外
单句写作
（1） Some of the ships even had earth （在船上）so that the sailors could grow their own crops for food.
（2） The plane had more than 120 passengers and crew （在飞机上）when it suddenly disappeared.
on board
on board
辨析填空（board/broad/abroad）
（3） Many schools there have started using white and projectors in classes.
（4） They were looking for anyone on who knew sign language.
（5）With many Chinese now traveling for Spring Festival，their choice of destinations has expanded along with their growing interest in foreign cultures and services.
（6）How did the soldier cross the river last night
boards
board
abroad
broad
词汇八 independently adv. 独立地；自立地
◆教材原句
China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003... 中国在2003 年成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家……
◆要点必记
work independently 独立工作 live independently 独自生活
◆词语积累
independent adj. 独立的；自主的 be independent of 不依赖……；独立于……之外
independence n. 独立 independence from 独立于
depend on 依靠；信赖；取决于 be dependent on 依赖；取决于
单句语法填空
（1） Not only my spoken English，but also my ability to live _______________（ independent）has been improved a lot.
（2） All living things depend the sun for their growth.
（3） Susan wanted to be independent her parents. She tried living alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
（4） A study abroad program can teach students ____________（independent） and important life skills.
independently
on
of
independence
单句写作
（5） Now that you have grown up，you should （不依赖）your parents.
（6）Many countries left and （独立于）the empire in the 20th century.
be independent of
was/became independent from
词汇九 signal（1）vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号
（2）n. 信号；标志；信号灯
◆教材原句
This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future. 这标志着中国在未来建立一个空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
◆要点必记
signal to sb. 示意某人；向某人发信号 signal to sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
send out a signal 发出信号 a danger signal 危险信号
a warning signal 警告信号 an alarm signal 报警信号
a clear signal 清晰的信号 receive/pick up a signal 接收信号
◆词语辨析
signal，sign，symbol 与 mark
·signal 信号；暗号
·sign 迹象；征兆；标牌
·symbol 象征；标志
·mark 标记；记号
单句语法填空
（1） The police seems to be （signal）to us with his arm.
（2） In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards （ signal）that someone was moving about upstairs.
（3） The far side of the moon is a rare quiet place that is free from interference from radio _________（signal）from Earth.
（4） In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was _____ signal for everyone to stand up.
（5） The judge signaled a police officer and the man was led away.
signaling
to signal
signals
a
to
辨析填空（signal/sign/symbol/mark）
（6）In Chinese culture，red is the of luck and happiness.
（7）You can make a where you can’t understand.
（8）Chest pains can be a warning of heart problems.
（9）He walked up and down，a sure of becoming impatient.
symbol
mark
signal
sign
词汇十 in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
◆教材原句
Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe. 人类正在探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。
◆学法点拨
in the hope of 希望……（of 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语）
◆归纳拓展
in the hope that/in hopes that... 希望…… （that 引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明hope/hopes 的具体内容）
单句写作
（1） I am writing to you （希望） you can lend me some money because mine is running out.
（2） Bob and his young brother came to New York ____________________ （希望找到）well-paid jobs to support themselves.
（3） Her parents sent her abroad （希望）she could get a better education.
in the hope that
in the hope of finding
in the hope that
词汇十一 lead to 引起，导致；通向，通往
◆教材原句
If there is a mistake during the launch，it can lead to an accident that kills everyone on board. 如果在发射过程中有错误，它可能导致事故，杀死机上的每个人。
◆误区警示 lead to 中的to 是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
◆归纳拓展
（1）近义词组：contribute to，result in
（2）以介词to 结尾的动词短语：
look forward to 盼望；期待 get down to 认真做某事
devote... to 致力于；奉献于 be addicted to 对……上瘾 be/get/become used/accustomed to 习惯于
单句语法填空
（1） Many of these chemicals can lead cancer or other illnesses.
（2） The new evidence led to him _______________（arrest）by the police.
（3） When they catch the light，ONB groups fall off the polymer，leading its breakdown.
（4） Many graduates clearly do contribute national wealth，but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs.
（5）［2018·全国Ⅱ卷］Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results ______ big benefits.
to
being arrested
to
to
in
单句翻译
（6）俗话说，条条大路通罗马。
_________________________________________
Just as the saying goes，all roads lead to Rome.
词汇十二 so as to（do sth.）为了，以便（表示目的）
◆教材原句
In space，astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. 在太空中， 宇航员收集所有的污水，以便回收利用。
◆要点必记
动词不定式的一个主要作用，是在句中作目的状语。in order to 或so as to 则使“目的”更加明确。
· so as to 一般不放在句首，否定形式是so as not to。
· in order to 可以放在句首或句中，否定形式是in order not to。
句型转换
（1） Robert got up early this morning so that he could catch the first bus.
Robert got up early this morning the first bus.
单句写作
（2） （为了找到）the missing child，the villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.
（3） He worked extra hours （为了完成）the task ahead of time.
（4）We have got to set out early in the morning （为了）get to the company on time.
（5） （为了不被打扰），he spent three hours locked in his study.
in order to catch/so as to catch
In order to find
in order to finish/so as to finish
in order to/so as to
In order not to be disturbed
重点句式
句式一 sb./sth. be/become the first... to do... 某人/ 某物是第一个做……的……
◆教材原句
Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
◆句式分析
句中的to go into space 是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰person。句型sb./sth. be the first... to do... 意为“某人/ 某物是第一个做……的……”。
◆归纳拓展
序数词或被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰的名词后跟动词时，通常用不定式作定语。
单句语法填空
（1） He is always the last （leave）the classroom.
（2） Lang Ping became the first person in volleyball （win）an Olympic gold medal as both a player and a coach.
（3） The girl is the best person （finish）the whole work.
单句写作
（4） She is （第一个工作的女性） in the desert.
（5）William is （最不可能说谎 的人）.
to leave
to win
to finish
the first woman to work
the last person to tell a lie
句式二 This is because... 这是因为……
◆教材原句
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为尽管有很大的风险人们依旧相信继续探索太空的重要性。
◆句式分析
本句是一个复合句。句中的because 引导的是表语从句，也可写成It/That is/was because...，意为“它/ 那是因为……”， because 引导表语从句，后接原因。
单句语法填空
（1） He fell asleep during the lecture. This was he got bored with it.
（2） The reason why Henry missed the bus was he got up late.
（3） Alice was too careless. That is she failed in the examination.
单句写作
（4） From space，the earth looks blue. （这是因为）about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
（5） He admitted that his father was strict with him_____________ （那就是为什么）he made so many achievements.
because
that
why
This is because
That is why
句式三 enable sb./sth. to do sth. 使某人/ 某物能做某事
◆教材原句
...scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began... ……科学家们还是希望未来的发现不仅能使我们了解宇宙是如何诞生的……
◆句式分析
本句是一个复合句，hope 后是省略了that 的宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有how 引导的宾语从句。
◆要点必记
enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事（不定式作宾语补足语）
enable better communication 使沟通更顺畅
单句翻译
（1） 飞机使人们能够很快地进行远距离旅行。
_________________________________________________________
（2） 来自大学的支持使得这位教授有能力探索新技术。
_________________________________________________________
（3） 先进的科学技术使我们与别人交流起来更容易。
_________________________________________________________
（4） 社会活动可以使学生对我们的社会了解得更多。
_________________________________________________________
Airplanes/Planes enable people to travel great distances rapidly.
The support from the university enabled the professor to explore new technologies.
The advanced technology enables us to communicate with others more easily.
Social activities enable students to learn more about our society.Unit 4 Space Exploration
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
动词不定式做定语和状语（导学案）
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive. To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about this grammar by analyzing the sentence patterns in the text and some simple sentences. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。
This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises.
1. Guide students to review the basic usages of “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.
2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the P“the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.
3. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.
4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.
1. Help students to appreciate the function of “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.
2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper “the infinitive” used as the adverbial and attributive.
观察下列句子特点，总结共同点。
指出下列句子中画线部分所作的句子成分
1．Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time？
2．Do you have anything to be taken there
3．I hurried to his house, only to find him out.
4．He's old enough to make a trip alone.
5．Do you have anything to do tonight
6．In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft.
答案：1.定语 2.定语 3.状语 4.状语 5.定语 6.状语
一、不定式作定语
1．不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系)
He is the first person to think of the idea.
他是第一个想到这个主意的人。(主谓关系)
I have no time to go there.
我没有时间去那儿。(动状关系)
He has got a chance to go abroad.
他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系)
(1)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。
I am looking for a room to live in.
我正在找一间屋子住。
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。
Have you anything to send
你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you anything to be sent
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
2．不定式作定语的几种情况：
(1)不定式作定语可以表示将来的动作。
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些我假期要读的书。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级， the last, the only等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
(2)单句写作
①突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写的纸。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn't find any paper ______________.
②她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
She was the first woman ____________ the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
【答案】：①to write on ②to win
二、不定式作状语
1．结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。常用于下列结构中：only to do; enough to do (足够做……); too ... to ... (太……而不能……); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。
He was so tired as to be unable to walk.
＝He was too tired to walk.
他累得走不动了．
【点津】 现在分词短语作结果状语常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的结果。
It hasn't rained for a month, making the crops hard to grow.
一个月没下雨了导致庄稼很难生长。
2．目的状语
不定式作目的状语主要表示某一动作或状态的目的。常用于下列结构中：only to (仅仅为了); in order to; so ... as to; so (such) ... as to ... (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good bye to you.
我来仅仅是向你告别。
【点津】 1.不定式的复合结构作目的状语 ,当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构 即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for ＋名词或宾格代词 作状语。
He opened the door for the children to come in.
他开门让孩子们进来。
目的状语从句与不定式的转换
英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况：
1 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。
We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.
→We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.
2 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。
I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
→I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.Unit 4 Space Exploration
Period 1 Listening&Speaking&Talking教学设计
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.
Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job.
1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc
2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ;
3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.
1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details;
2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.
Part 1: Listening and Speaking
Step 1: Lead in
Prediction
The teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.
About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronaut
Step 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Tick the correct statements.
Listen to the interview and tick the correct statements.
√口1 The audience is curious about how Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut.
口2 Mr Yang always believed that he would become an astronaut one day.
√口3 Mr Yang was selected to attend pilot training with 13 other people.
口4 To become an astronaut in China, you have to have 1 ,350 hours of flying experience.
√口5 Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot
of mental and physical training.
Step3： After finishing the task above, the teacher play sthe same material again and after finishing listening, the students need to solve the following task.
Listen again and fill in the blanks with the correct numbers.
1. Yang Liwei graduated from college at the age of______________.
2. Before he joined China's space programme, Mr Yang was one of the pilots who were for__________years. .
3 .Mr Yang was one of the_______ pilots who were chosen to train for space flights.
4..At the time when Mr Yang entered the space programme, astronauts had to be shorter than__________cm in height and less than____________kg in weight.
5. Mr Yang became China's first astronaut when he was_______________years old.
1. 22 2. 10 3. 14 4. 172 70 5. 38
Listening tip: Listen for numbersNumber questions are typically related to: time, telephone numbers, addresses, prices, weights, distances, etc. When you listen for numbers, you need to pay special attention to big numbers as well as those that sound quite similar, such as thirteen and thirty, fourteen and forty, etc.
Step 4: Listen to the interview again and make a list of the requirements for becoming an astronaut.
Education background: College degree; trained to be a fighter pilot
Experience: More than 1000 hours of flight.
Health condition :must be perfect health and shape.
Courses: English, science , and astronomy
Special training: practice using space equipment , and do a lot of mental and physical training.
Part 2: Listening and Talking
Step1：Listen to the tape, which is about life in space for the first time, and then ask the students to solve the following tasks.
Max is interviewing Captain Brown about his life in space. Listen to the interview and answer the questions.
1.What did Captain Brown usually wear inside the station
2.How did he prepare his food in space
3. How did he keep himself clean in space
4. How did he spend most of his time in space
5 .What did he do during his free time
6 .What did he look forward to most during his stay in space
Step 2: Speaking Project
Work in groups.
1. Work in pairs. Discuss whether you would like to be an astronaut in the future and give your reasons. Use what you have learnt from the interview to help you.
EXAMPLE
A: You know, I think being an astronaut would be cool.
B: Do you want to work in space in the future
A: I'm not sure, but I think it might be too difficult for me. There are so many requirements.
First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. Then you have to ...
B: So what might be the most difficult part for you
A: I guess it might be the ...
2. 2. Work in groups. Imagine you are going to a space camp and Captain Brown has been invited to give a talk. Discuss the questions you would like to ask him and then make a list.
EXAMPLE
A: Hey, guys. We're going to meet a real astronaut. Isn't it exciting
B: Yeah. I can't wait to see Captain Brown! I'm really curious about his life in space. I have
plenty of questions to ask him.
C: Such as
B: Oh, such as what facilities do they have in space to support their daily life
C: That sounds like a good question. But I'd also like to know about how astronauts sleep.
What do they do so as not to float around while they sleep
Expressing curiosity●I'd love to know ..●I wonder how/what/why/ ..●Well, I'd really like to find out ..●I'd particularly like to know ..●I'm most curious about ... ●I'm most interested to discover ....●I'm very keen to know ...●I wish to know ....●I hope you won't mind me asking about ...
Homework: finish the exercise sheet.
