Unit 5 The Value of Money
Period 1 Listening&Speaking教学设计
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about the good deed of returning lost money. This part of listening material opens the main discussion on the value of money in this unit through a news report about the money found by the cleaner. This section aims to help students familiarize themselves with the stylistic features of news reports and develop their skills in listening to news.
Viewing and talking introduces the topic of describing people’s changing attitudes in a film clip.
By watching the film clip, students can understand the works reflects the phenomenon of money worship. The boss, his wife and the waiter all treated Henry differently after seeing the million –pound bank note, because they treated the poor and the rich differently in life.
1. Guide students to master the stylistic features of news reports.
2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about their opinions about value of money.
3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “after that, then, later, so ,but , however etc” appropriately.
1.Guide students to master the stylistic features of news reports.
2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about their opinions about value of money.
Part 1: Listening and Speaking
Step 1: Lead in
Is money the basis of a happy life Why or why not
No. People can find happiness in some simple things. Money can’t buy love, health and real friendship.
Step 2: Then, play the radio which is about a news report and fill in the blanks
1. Chen Liyan a ______________at Taiyuan railway station
2. Wang Zheng the _______________of the lost money
3. Ma Dongbao a ______________living in Chen’s apartment building
4. Liu Xia Chen’s 16-year –old __________________.
Step 3：After finishing the task above, the teacher play the same material again and after finishing listening, the students need to solve the following task.
___________Chen Liyan found Wang Zheng's money and returned it to him.
___________Chen gave an interview to the local newspaper.
___________Wang built a website to help raise funds for Liu Xia.
___________Ma Dongbao shared Chen's story with Wang.
___________Chen spent all her savings and took out a large loan.
___________Wang offered Chen 5,000 yuan.
2 6 5 4 1 3
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口
2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口
3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口
4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口
5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口
Step 5：After listening, discuss the questions.
1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is
Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.
2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it
No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do.
Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned.
3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did
It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!"
4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money
He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.
5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family
He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'
We know this because he arranged help for them.
6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions
The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
Make referencesSometimes things are not said directly. However, you can make logical guesses on the basisof what the speakers say. To draw a conclusion, you need to understand the given informationand use your background knowledge. Also, while listening, don't ignore the speakers' toneand intonation- these can be important clues, too.
Part 2: Viewing and Talking
Step1： Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
A man looking very poor are eating a lot of food. After he finished his eating, the boss was very angry so I guess he couldn’t pay his bill at that time but later, when seeing a paper which might be a large bank note, the boss was surprised and all treated this poor man differently.
Step 2：Watch the film clip and discuss the following questions.
1 Why does the owner of the restaurant want Henry to sit somewhere else
Since Henry is poorly dressed, the owner of the restaurant does not want him to sit in the middle of the room where everyone can see him.
2 What does Henry order Why is the waiter surprised
Henry orders ham and eggs, a nice big juicy steak with all the trimmings and a tall tankard of ale- twice. The waiter is surprised that Henry eats so much food.
3 Why does the owner think Henry hesitates to pay the bill
The owner thinks Henry does not have the money to pay.
4 Why does the owner think the bank note is probably real
Because no one would get into trouble to forge a bill of such a high amount- it would be crazy.
5 What happens in the end
All the people in the restaurant think Henry is an eccentric millionaire and the owner let him leave without to pay the bill.
Step 2: Speaking Project
Work in groups. Retell the story in the film clip.
Sequencing words.After leaving the brothers’ home, After that, Then Later,In the end/finally/eventually Connecting words..because..…so……but…However…To our surprise…
After having the brother’s home, Henry went for a small restaurant. He was about to sit down at a table when the restaurant owner showed him to a different seat because he was dressed poorly and the restaurant owner did not want others to see him. Henry then ordered a large meal.
After he was finished, he ordered the same meal again, because he was very hungry.
The waiter was surprised and told the restaurant owner. This made the restaurant owner worried that he could not pay the bill. Later, when Henry finished eating, he hesitated to pay the bill. This made the restaurant owner quite angry. Then Henry opened the envelope, expecting to find some money to pay the bill. Henry, and all the people in the restaurant were shocked to see that it was a million-pound note. The restaurant owner decided that the note must be real, and that Henry was
a strange millionaire. In the end, the owner let him leave without paying anything.
Homework: finish the exercise sheet.Unit 5 The value of money
Period 2 Reading and Thinking 教学设计
The Reading section is the third scene of the first act in the play. The rich merchant brothers made a bet about giving a million pound note to a poor man who had nothing and was honest and reliable and to see what would happen. Finally they found Henry Adams, an American boy who was down and out on the streets of London.
Teachers can guide students to understand and feel the language of drama through the development of drama plots.
1.Talk about short stories and dramas.
2.Learn how to act out a play
3.Learn how to request and order food
4.Learn model words and polite expressions
1. Guide students to grasp the problem characteristics of the script.
2. Analyze the characters' emotions and personalities through such information as dialogue, ecology, tone and action, and infer their subtext, so as to deeply understand the text content.
Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.
Step 1: Warming up
If a rich person gives you a large amount of money to use as you like, for example, one million pound, what will you do Why
Varied answers.
Buy a big house
Buy a fancy car.
Donate money to the people in need…..
Step2: Fast reading tasks
Read the passage quickly and tell the statements a fact (F) or an opinion (O) after a fast reading.
_____ Henry wants to find a job in London.
_____ Henry is given an envelop by the two brothers.
_____ Henry is an unlucky young man.
_____ The servant is called James.
_____ Henry is foolish to go and meet the two brothers.
FFOFO
Step3: Scan for details.
Read through the scenes and then answer some questions
1. Where does Henry Adams come from Does he know much about London
2. What did he do in America
3. Why did he land in Britain
1. Henry comes from San Francisco. No, he doesn’t know London at all.
2. He worked for a mining company.
3. He was sailing out the bay when he was carried out to sea by a strong wind and was survived by a ship for London.
Step4 : Read and sum up how Henry’s feelings change during the conversation
What he says or does How he feels
When they seem happy that he has no money Replies angrily Angry, irritated
When they give him the envelope Wants to open the envelope straightaway Irritated that he cannot open the envelope at once
When they tell him there is money in it Explains he wants a job not charity Unhappy to be given money rather than working for it
Before he leaves the house Agrees not to open the letter till 2 p.m. Interested and curious
Step 5 Find all the examples of polite requests. Then rewrite them in informal language.
1. Would you step inside a moment, please
2 Good morning, sir, would you please come in
Come in, please
Hello, please come in.
3. Permit me to lead the way, sir.
4. How do you do, Mr. …er …
Let me show you the way
Hello Mr. …
5. May we ask what you’re doing in this country
6. I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you’d mind …
Why are you in England
Mr. Adams, is it OK if
Step 6: Critical thinking:
1.Why do you think that the brothers chose Henry for their bet
it was his first visit to London so nobody knew him.
He had no money so he would have to rely on the bank note.
They thought he looked honest because he asked for a job and not charity.
2.What kind of person do you think Henry is Why do you think so Find the original sentences in the passage to prove Henry’s characteristic
Honest:
It is my first trip here.
Well, to be honest, I have none. (no money)
Well, I can’t say that I have any plans.
I don’t want your charity. I just want an honest job.
Hardworking:
I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand.
Could you offer me some kind of work here
I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.
Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.
Step 7:Consolidation.
Find Henry
Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man.
Know Henry
About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England
Offer money to Henry
Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.
Step 8：Language points
a large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal of
e.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.
make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.
e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.
permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do something
e.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.
by accident: as a result of chance
e.g. I only found it by accident.
stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)
to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be frank
e.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.
Step7 Homework:
What do you think will happen to Henry Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble (共49张PPT)
UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
核心词汇
词汇一 intention n. 打算；计划；意图；目的
◆要点必记
（ 1）have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事 have a firm intention 有坚定的意志
with the intention of... 有……的目的/ 意图
（ 2）intend vt. 计划；打算
intend to do/doing sth. 打算/ 想要做某事 intend sb. to do sth 打算让某人做某事
intend no harm 没有恶意
（3）intended adj. （为……）打算的
be intended for 专为……准备/ 设计的 be intended to do sth. 打算做某事
题组练·领悟方法
◆误区警示
had intended to do sth. （= intended to have done sth.）意为“本打算做某事”，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。有这种用法的词还有plan，hope，think，expect，mean 等。
单句语法填空
（1） I have no （intend）of changing my plan.
（2） They intend （launch）a campaign to raise money.
（3） The headmaster intended Jim （deliver） a speech in front of the whole school.
（4） I （intend）to come，but was prevented by the bad weather.
单句写作
（5） This program was set up （ 有……目的）providing help for homeless people.
（6）These books （专为……准备）specialists in linguistics.
（7）Peter （本来打算接受）a job in business，but abandoned that plan later.
intention
to launch/launching
to deliver
had Intended
with the intention of
are intended for
had intended to take/intended to have taken
词汇二 nowhere adv. 无处；哪里都不
◆教材原句
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note， Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends，and with nowhere to stay. 在电影《百万英镑》中， 亨利·亚当斯被困在国外，没有钱，没有朋友，也没有地方可住。
◆要点必记
nowhere to live/stay 没地方住 nowhere else 别的地方都不
be nowhere to be seen/found 哪里也见不到/ 找不到 get/go nowhere 毫无进展
get sb. nowhere 使某人毫无进展/ 一无所获 nowhere near 离……差得远；远谈不上
◆学法点拨
nowhere，never，hardly，neither，nor， little，seldom，by no means 等表示否定意义的副词或词组以及 not only，not until， hardly（... when），no sooner（... than...）等词（组）开头的句子中，要用部分倒装。
单句语法填空
（1） There is nowhere for me （stay）.
（2） Michael glanced anxiously down the street，but John was nowhere _____________ （find）.
单句写作
（3） It is lucky we booked a room，or we would have _______________ （没地方待）now.
（4） This animal is found in the Antarctic，and （别的地方都没有）.
to stay
to be found
nowhere to stay
nowhere else
（5） She left home two years ago and is （哪里也见不着）.
（6） （别处我没见过） a better kindergarten.
（7）We discussed it all morning but （毫无结果）.
（8）Talking to him will （使你一无所获）.
（9）To be honest，she is （离……差得远）as pretty as you are.
nowhere to be seen
Nowhere else have I seen
got nowhere
get you nowhere
nowhere near
词汇三 in case 以防；以防万一
◆教材原句
In case it happens to you on a trip abroad， what should you do 万一你在国外旅行时遇到这种情况，你该怎么办？
◆要点必记
（ 1）in case 以防；以防万一
in case of 假使
in case of fire 如遇起火
in case of emergency 在紧急情况下
in most cases 在多数情况下
（2）in no case 决不（置于句首，句子用倒装）
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in this case 既然这样，假使这样的话
in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话
（ 3）as is often the case 情况经常是这样 的（as 引导非限制性定语从句）
It’s not the case. 事实并非如此。
◆学法点拨
case，point，situation，occasion，stage 等表抽象地点的名词作先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where 引导定语从句。
单句语法填空
（1） In case an emergency，break the glass and press the button.
（2） Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
单句写作
（3） I’ll be out for some time. （万一）anything important happens，call me up immediately.
（4）—There’s no need to take any food，Mom，I’m so full.
—Come on，baby. Take some just （以防万一）.
（5） （如遇起火），all exits must be kept clear.
（6）It may rain tomorrow，but we are going to attend the meeting （无论如何）.
（7）You don’t like your job;_______________（假使那样的话）， why don’t you leave
（8）There is no simple answer， （理科情况通常是这样的）.
of
where
In case
in case
In case of fire
in any case
in that case
as is often the case in science
词汇四 extent n. 程度；限度；大小；范围
◆教材原句
They would be able to help to some extent. 在某种程度上他们会帮得上。
◆要点必记
to...extent 到……程度；在……程度上
to a certain extent 在一定程度上
to some extent 在某种程度上
the extent of damage 损失程度
单句语法填空
（1） The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and， a lesser extent，wildlife.
（2） He has changed to such extent that I no longer recognized him.
单句写作
（3） （在一定程度上），we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
to
an
To a certain extent
词汇五 pursue vt. （1）追求；致力于 （2）执行，贯彻 （3）追踪，追赶，追捕
◆教材原句
Lily decided that she would settle in New York and pursue her dream of becoming
an actress. 莉莉决定在纽约定居，追求她当演员的梦想。
◆要点必记
pursue one’s dream 追求梦想 pursue a goal/aim 追求目标；贯彻宗旨
pursue the policy 贯彻政策 pursue a medical career 从事医学工作
pursue legal action 进行诉讼 pursue the/a car 追赶车辆
pursue a thief 追赶小偷
单句语法填空
（1） She left the theatre，hotly （pursue）by the press.
单句写作
（2） I wanted to be a biologist，but I didn’t （追求自己的梦想）.
（3）We intend to （贯彻此政策）with determination.
（4） Police （追赶车辆）at high speed，which was very dangerous.
pursued
pursue my dream
pursue the policy
pursued a car
词汇六 duty n. 责任；义务；职责；值班
◆教材原句
Jim is not here right now. He said he would be on duty at the library this afternoon . 吉姆现在不在这里。他说他今天下午在图书馆值班。
◆要点必记
on duty 值班，值勤 off duty 下班；不值勤
have a duty to do sth. 有做某事的责任/ 义务
a sense of duty 责任感 do one’s duty 尽职，尽责
out of duty 出于责任 It’s one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任。
feel it one’s duty to do sth. 感觉做某事是某人的责任
单句语法填空
（1） Only one doctor is duty today—the other doctor is off.
（2） What time do you go duty I would like you to give me a lift.
（3） Local volunteers have a duty （serve）the community.
单句写作
（4） （是我们的责任）to defend our country.
（5） （出于责任），the development consultant blamed the factory leaders for the pollution they had caused.
（6）We （感觉是我们的职责）to study English well.
on
off
to serve
It’s our duty
Out of duty
feel it our duty
重点句式
句式一 so...that... 如此……以致……
◆教材原句
The competition was so close that no one was sure who would win the Best Actor award. 竞争激烈，没有人知道谁会赢得最佳男演员奖。
◆要点必记
（1）so... that ... 句式
so + adj. /adv. + that...
so + adj. + a/an+ 可数名词单数+ that...
so + many/few + 可数名词复数+ that...
So +much /little（少）+ 不可数名词+ that...
（2）such... that... 句式
such+a/an+（adj. +）可数名词单数+ that...
such+（adj. +）可数名词复数 + that...
such +（adj. +）不可数名词 + that...
（3）so that
（1）以便，为了（引导目的状语从句， 从句中常含有情态动词 may，might， can，could 等）
（2） 结果，所以（引导结果状语从句）
单句语法填空
（1） His behaviour was disappointing that he left a very bad impression on us.
（2） They are such scientific methods we can use them directly in our educational system.
（3） Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor people
单句写作
（4） It was （如此吵闹以至于）we couldn’t hear ourselves speak.
（5） It is （这么好的天气）that we can have lunch in the garden.
（6）Cathy had quit her job when her son was born （以便）she could stay home and raise her family.
（7）He is （如此聪明的男孩） that he leaves a deep impression on all the people present.
so
that
such
so
so noisy that
such fine weather
so that
so intelligent a boy/such an intelligent boy
句式二 It is+adj.+of sb. +to do...
◆教材原句
I think it’s kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money. 我认为罗德里克
和奥利弗把钱给亨利，很善良。
◆要点必记
（1）“It is+ 形容词+of sb. + 动词不定式.” 意为“某人做…… 是…… 的”，用于这种结构的形容词常常侧重说明人物的品质，如kind，nice，foolish，silly，stupid， rude，cruel，wise，clever，brave，polite 等。
（ 2）“It is+形容词+for sb. +动词不定式.” 意为“对某人来说做……是……的”， 用于这种结构的形容词常常侧重于说明事物特征，如easy，difficult，hard，important， necessary，quick 等。
单句语法填空
（1） It is stupid him to refuse the invitation.
（2） The doctor thought would be good for you to have a
holiday.
（3） It’s impossible for him （escape）being punished this time；he made such a big mistake.
（4） It’s necessary you to consult your teacher about the learning method.
单句写作
（5） It’s clever （ 你算出这道数学题）.
（6）I think it is necessary for the young （ 掌握一门外语）.
of
it
to escape
for
of you to work out the maths problem
to master a foreign language
单元语法
情态动词
要点一 can 与could 的用法
◆用法概述
1. 情态动词本身具有情态意义，表达说话人的态度、情绪和语气等。情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
2. 情态动词主要有：can，could；may， might；must；ought to；need；dare；shall； will；should；would。
3. 有些情态动词有过去式，如：can— could，may—might，will—would，dare— dared，have to—had to 等。
4. 情态动词的四个特点：
（ 1）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。 （ 2）情态动词后接动词原形。
（ 3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称、数变 化的影响（have to 除外）。（4）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
◆用法归纳
1. can 与could 的基本用法
（1）表示能力，常译为“能，会”。could 是can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。
（ 2）表示请求或许可，常译为“可以”。 could 比can 的语气更加委婉。
（ 3）表示可能性，常用于疑问句；用于否 定句中，can’t/couldn’t 意思是“不可能”； 用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
（ 4）表示惊讶、不相信等，常用于否定句 或疑问句中。
2. could have done
（1）表示对过去的推测
（ 2）表示“过去本来能做某事（而实际上 未做）”。
3. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做了某事（表示对过去的情况进行否定的推测）
4. can’t...too.../can’t...enough 再……也不过分
5. can 与be able to
（ 1）can 只有现在式和过去式，而 be able to 则有更多的形式。
I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time. 对不起，我没能及时给你回信。（ 2）can 一般指自身具有的能力，而如 果要表达将来的能力，一般要用be able to。
（ 3）be able to do sth. 的过去式 was/were able to do sth. 可表示在过去设法做成了某事，相当于managed to do sth.。
辨析填空（can/can’t/could/couldn’t）
（1） I can speak English，but I speak Japanese.
（2）［词汇复现］She play several instruments at the age of eight.
（3） —Can/Could I use your studio —Of course you .
（4） You park over there.
（5） —Could she be in the classroom —No，she .
（6）It be quite cold at night here.
（7）What he be doing at this time of night
（8）He have finished so much work in so short a time.
（9）He have passed the exam，but he was too careless.
can’t
could
can
can
couldn’t
can
can
can’t/couldn’t
could
辨析填空（can/be able to）
（10）Will you come
（11）The young man （not）carry the big box.
（12）This time I failed the exam，but I’ll pass the exam next time.
（13）The fire was very big，but most people escape from it.
be able to
can’t
be able to
were able to
单句写作
（14）我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出？
________________________________________________
（15）我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。
___________________________________________________
（16）开车的时候再小心也不过分。
_________________________________________________________________________
I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me
I think that he couldn’t/can’t have gone abroad. I saw him just now.
You cannot be too careful while driving a car. = You can’t be careful enough while driving a car.
要点二 may 与might 的用法
◆用法归纳
may 与might 的用法
（ 1）表示请求或许可，常译成“可以”。 might 表示请求时语气更加委婉。
用于一般疑问句;肯定回答用may/can ; 否定回答用mustn’t/can’t May you succeed! 祝你成功！
（4）may have done sth. 可能做了某事
might have done sth. 可能做了某事（对过去事情的推测）/ 本来可能做了某事（虚拟语气）
（5）may/might as well do sth. 不妨做某事
may well do sth. 很可能做某事
辨析填空（may/might）
（1） You keep the book for two weeks.
（2） I wonder if I speak to your son.
（3） our friendship last forever!
单句写作
（4） 昨晚汤姆不在家。他可能去看电影了。_______________________________________________________________________________
（5） 你本来可以给他更多的帮助，尽管你很忙.
_____________________________________________________________
（6）如果情况是那样，我们不妨一试。
__________________________________________________
（7）你很可能想知道他是怎样解决这个问题的。
_________________________________________________________________
may
might
May
Last night Tom wasn’t at home. He might have gone to the cinema.
You might/could have given him more help，though you were busy.
If that is the case，we may as well try.
You may well wonder how he solved the problem.
要点三 must 与 have to 的用法
◆用法归纳
1. must 的用法
（1）表示“必须”，否定形式mustn’t 表示“不准，禁止”。
用于一般疑问句; 肯定回答用must
否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to （ 2）表示肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定”， 只能用于肯定句中。表推测时must 的否定形式是can’t/couldn’t。
对现在情况的肯定推测：must+ 动词 原形; 对过去情况的肯定推测：must+have done
◆比较must 与have to
must 强调主观看法 只有一种形式 否定形式表示“禁止”
have to强调客观需要 有多种时态形式 否定形式表示“不必”
英译汉
（1） You must be home by 11 o’clock. _____________________________
（2） You mustn’t smoke here. _______________________
（3） —Must we finish the work today _______________________________
—Yes，you must./No，you needn’t/don’t have to. ________________________________
（4） You mustn’t tell others. _________________
（5） You don’t have to tell others. _____________________
（6）They must be anxious to learn about local customs.
______________________________________
你必须在 11 点之前回家。
你不准在这里吸烟。
我们今天必须完成这项工作吗？
是的，你们必须完成。/ 不，不必。
你不准告诉别人。
你不必告诉别人。
他们一定急于了解当地的风俗习惯。
（7）He is in high spirits. He must have received an award.
__________________________________________
（8）Why must you always interrupt me
_________________________________
单句写作
（9）昨晚你一定睡得很晚，因为你的眼睛通红。
________________________________________________
（10）现在他一定在做他的作业。
__________________________________________
他神采飞扬，一定是获奖了。
你为什么非要总是打断我呢？
You must have gone to bed late last night，for your eyes are red.
He must be doing his homework now.
要点四 shall 与should 的用法
◆用法归纳
1. shall 的用法
（ 1）用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见或请求指示。
（ 2）用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示 命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
（ 3）用于第三人称的陈述句，在条约、规 定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该”“必须”。
2. should 的用法
（1）表示义务、劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”。
（2）表示有一定根据的推测，意为“可能， 应该会”。
（ 3）表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特 殊情感，意为“竟然”。
◆学法点拨
should have done 表示“本该做某事（而 实际上未做）” shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该做某 事（而实际上做了）”
英译汉
（1） Shall she go now ________________________________
（2） He shall do it by himself.
（3） You shall have the book when I finish reading it. ____________________________
（4） You shall fail if you don’t work harder. ____________________________________
（5） He shall be punished sooner or later. _____________________________________
（6）No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission. _______________________________________________
她现在可以走了吗？（请求指示）
他得自己做。（命令）
这本书我读完就给你。（允诺）
你如果不更加努力工作就会失败。
他迟早要受到惩罚的。（威胁）
未经许可， 读者不准把书带出图书馆。（规定）
（7）It should be a nice day tomorrow.
___________________________________
（8）It’s strange that he should believe the prediction.
_______________________________________
单句写作
（9）你本应该请求帮助的。
_______________________________________
（10）你本不该把这个消息告诉她。
_______________________________________________
明天应该是个好天气。（推测）
真奇怪，他竟会相信这则预言。（惊讶）
You should have asked for some help.（劝告）
You shouldn’t have told her the news.（批评）
要点五 ought to 的用法
◆用法归纳
（ 1）ought to 是情态动词，没有人称、 数和时态的变化，后接动词原形，用法与should 基本相同。
（ 2）否定形式：
ought not to do...= oughtn’t to do...
（3）一般疑问句：
Ought + 主语 + to do...
（ 4）ought to have done sth.=should have done sth. 过去本应该做某事（ 实际上没 有做）
oughtn’t to have done sth.= shouldn’t have done sth. 过去本不该做某事（实际上做了）
单句写作
（1） To be a top student，we （应该）be strict with ourselves in everything we do.
（2）Once lost in the forest，you （ 应该留在） where you are，waiting for help.
（3） —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You （应该告诉）her last week.
（4） He looks so upset；I （不应该告诉）him the bad news so early.
ought to
ought to remain
ought to have told
ought not to have told
要点六 will 与would 的用法
◆用法归纳
will 与would 的用法
（ 1）表示请求、建议，用于第二人称的疑 问句中，would 比will 的语气更加委婉。
（ 2）表示意志、愿望或决心，意为“将、要”。 will 指现在，would 指过去。
（ 3）表示一种习惯、倾向或固有性质等， 意为“惯于，总是”。will 指现在，would 指过去。
◆词语辨析
would 与used to
（ 1）would 强调过去某种特定情况下的 活动，与现在没有联系；
used to 强调过去的习惯性动作或状态， 如今已不存在，与现在形成对比。
（ 2）would 只表示重复的活动，不表示状 态；used to 既可表示过去重复的动作，也可表示过去持续的状态。
◆词语辨析
would 与was/were going to
·would 是will 的过去式，通常表示过去的意志，“要……”。
·was/were going to
（ 1）通常表示即将要做或发生的事，主观 愿望或判断很强烈，“打算……”；
（2）表示过去本来打算做而没做的事情。
英译汉
（1）Will you hand me that book _________________________
（2）［词汇复现］Would you please tell me something about local customs
_____________________________
（3） I will never do that again. _____________________
（4）［词汇复现］She said she would keep her word. ___________________________
（5） Oil will float on water. _________________________
（6）［词汇复现］She would spend one hour dressing up before going out.
___________________________________________
她说她愿意履行她的诺言。
请你告诉我一些当地的风俗好吗？
我再也不会做那种事了。
请你把那本书递给我好吗？
她说她愿意履行她的诺言。
她总是打扮一个小时才出门。
辨析填空（will/would）
（7）People die without air or water.
（8）When we were children，we gather around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.
（9） you mind my smoking here
单句写作
（10）He （总是）get up at eight when he was on the farm.
（11）People （以前）think that the earth is flat.
（12）The baby was born to a poor farmer’s family. Nobody knew he
will
would
Would
would
used to
would become
（成为）the 21st president of United States of America 40 years later.
（13）She said she （看望）me again the next day.
（14）I promised that I （要尽我所能）.
（15）我本来打算给你打电话，但是我忘了。
_________________________________
would see/was going to see
would do my best
I was going to call you，but I forgot.
要点七 had better 最好
◆用法归纳
had better 最好……（后接动词原形）
had better not 最好不要……（had better 的否定形式）
’d better 是had better 的缩略形式
单句写作
（1） （我们最好留在）in the open when an earthquake happens.
（2） You’d better （不要搬动家具）.
We had better stay
not move the furniture
要点八 need 需要
◆用法归纳
（1）need 作为情态动词的特点：无时态、人称的变化，多用于否定句和疑问句。need 需要，needn’t 不必。
（ 2）needn’t have done sth.原本不必做某事
（ 3）need作为实义动词，可以有以下搭配：
need sth. 需要某物
need to do sth. 需要做某事
need doing（=need to be done）需要被…… （ 主动形式表被动意义）
单句写作
（1） My room is a mess，but I （不必打扫）it before I go out tonight.
（2） Need I come Yes，you （必须）./No，you （不必）.
（3） As you worked late yesterday，you （原本可以不必来）this morning.
（4） 我的车需要洗了。
_____________________________________________
needn’t clean
must
needn’t
needn’t have come
My car needs washing./My car needs to be washed.
要点九 dare 敢
◆用法归纳
（1）dare 作为情态动词，接不带to 的不定式；多用于条件句、疑问句和否定句中； 意思是“敢，竟敢”。
（2）dare 作为实义动词，有如下搭配：
dare to do sth. 敢于做某事
dare sb. to do sth. 激某人做某事
单句写作
（1） 我不敢独自一人去冬泳。
__________________________________
（2） 你怎么敢说那样的话？
_________________________________
（3） 无人敢提及此事。
___________________________________
I dare not go winter swimming alone.
How dare you say that
No one dare speak of it.Unit 5 the value of money
Period 4 Reading For Writing教学设计
This theme of this period is to write a dramatic scene. It is difficult to write a play, even a small part of it sounds difficult. Writing a play or drama is quite different from writing a story. The main purpose of a play is to let the characters speak for themselves as much as possible. How actors show us what the characters think and feel is also important.
Dramatic language includes actor's or actress' lines and stage direction, which is written at the beginning of each scene and at the end and in the middle of the dialogue. It can enhance the stage atmosphere, enhance the mood of the characters, show the characters' characters, and promote the development of the plot.
1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a dramatic scene.
2. Study the organization and language features.
3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.
4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing drama.
1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to write a drama.
2. Cultivate students to write a drama properly and concisely.
Step 1: Read and answer the following questions.
1. Where does Henry go What does he want
2. What do the clerks show Henry at first Why
3 .What makes the people in the store change their attitudes towards Henry
4 .Why would the owner be willing to wait for a long time to get paid
5. Is it right to judge people by their clothes Why or why not
1. He goes to a tailor's shop. He wants new clothes.
2 They show him ready made clothes, because he looks poor and these clothes are cheaper.
3 They change their attitudes after seeing the million-pound note because they think that he is rich.
4 Perhaps he thinks that Henry will come back and buy a lot more clothes in the future or tell his wealthy friends about the shop.
5 No, it's not right, for two reasons. First, everyone has dignity and should be treated with the same respect. Second, you cannot judge someone before you know all the facts about this person. Dressing well or having a lot of money doesn't mean someone is a nice person. Sometimes appearances are deceptive.
Step 2: study the language features
Underline the sentences that show how people’s attitudes change towards Henry.
(in a rude manner)See him there.(pointing to another clerk) 2nd Clerk：Ready－made suits？Downstairs. Henry：(after going down some stairs)Can you show me a suit，please 3rd Clerk：Yes ，I can ，sir.This way，please.Ah，here we are，the very thing you need. 1st Clerk：(pulling the 3rd clerk aside and whispering)Mr Reid says you’d better serve him quick and get him out quick! 3rd Clerk：I know what I’m doing.I’ve got eyes，haven’t I Henry：It’s a little too bright，isn’t it 3rd Clerk：(looking at him with a frown)It’s all we have in your size. 3rd Clerk：(trying not to show he’s angry) I suppose a gentleman like you only carries very large bills. .(to Todd)Go get the others，Todd！(to Henry again)Allow me，sir！This way，sir. Never mind.(with a broad smile) Oh，it’s perfect！It was made for some king but he’ll just have to wait.You’ll need many suits for many occasions.Yes，indeed you will.3rd Clerk：Yes，we can wait forever! Henry：Well，all right.I’ll take the suit coat for now and get the others later. Owner：Fine，fine.Your address，sir Henry：I don’t have one.Er...I’m moving. Owner：Of course you are！That’s very normal！A busy man，I’m sure.,
Step 4:
戏剧是一种综合的舞艺术。我们这里要写的戏剧实际上就是剧本。它是文学体裁的一种，戏剧的基本要素包括情感、欲望、争斗、妥协等组成部分。戏剧离不开冲突，它表现在人物性格的冲突中，具体表现为一系列的动作。戏剧语言包括人物语言(台词actor's/actress' lines)和舞台说明(stage direction)，舞台说明是写在剧本每一幕的开端，结尾和对话中间的说明性的文字、内容包括人物、时间、地点、服装、道具、布景及人物的表情、动作、上下场等。它具有增强舞台气氛，烘托人物心情，展示人物性格，推动情节展开等多种作用。
[基本框架]
1．旁白(narrator)——交代故事的场地、人物、时间等；
2．主体(body)交代故事的发展、冲突、结果。
[常用词汇]
1．feels happily for a moment感觉高兴了一会儿
2．began to worry about开始担心
3．run back to the house and knock at the door跑回家开始敲门
4．I have made a bet on...对……打赌
5．feel honored to help you很荣兴地帮你
6．can afford it能负担的起买它
[常用语句]
1．The rich brothers Tom and Tim, have made a bet on the game in the house on Sunday.
周末，Tom和Tim这对富有的哥俩在他们家里就这场比赛打了个赌。
2．They saw a young man wandering outside their house.
他们看见一个年轻人在他们的房子外徘徊．
3．He enters the house when he saw a sign for a place that sells clothes.
当他看见一个卖衣服的地方时他走进了房间。
4．I'd like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak.Make it extra thick.I'd also like a cup of coffee and a pineapple dessert.
我要火腿加鸡蛋还有一块大牛排，要特厚的。我还要一杯咖啡，一份菠萝甜点。
5．Right, sir.I'm afraid it'll cost a large amount of money.
好的，先生。恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。
6．It's amazing how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life，especially if you can't have them for a while.
生活中从如此简单的东西之中竟能得到这么大的乐趣，真是令人吃惊，特别是当你有一段时间吃不到这些东西的时候。
7．I'm so sorry，sir，so sorry，but I cannot change this bank note.
对不起，先生，非常对不起，但是这张钞票我找不开。
8．Oh，please，don't worry，sir. Doesn't matter at all. We're so very glad that you even entered our little eating place. Indeed，sir，I hope you'll come here whenever you like.
哎呀，先生，请别担心。一点儿也没关系。我们非常高兴您能走进我们这家小吃店。真的，先生，我希望您随时光临。
9．No，it's kind of you.You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like.Just having you sit here is a great honour！As for the bill，sir，please forget it.
不，先生，是您太好了。您什么时候想来就来，想吃什么就吃什么。您就是在这儿坐一下也是我们莫大的荣幸！至于账单嘛，先生，请把它忘了吧。
续写《百万英镑》的某一场
请你根据本单元所学的内容，设想一下Henry来到一家理发店，他与店主和其他客人会发生怎样的互动呢，思考一下，写一个简单的小剧本。
注意：1.交代清楚人物、地点和时间等；
2．注意故事情节的发展、冲突和结尾。
【参考范文】
Narrator：(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut.)
H＝Henry；B＝Barber；R＝rude man
H：Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair.)Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long.
B：(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can.
H：Fine, well I'll have a seat then.
(He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry.)
B：It's quite expensive here, you know！Are you sure you can afford it
H：Yes. I think so.
(In comes the rude man.)
R：Hey you there.I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway
B：All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do.
R：Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)
H：Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first
B：This man's in a hurry.
H：Well so am I！I insist that you cut my hair first.
B：OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting.
H：Thank you.
(They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note.)
B：Why, Mr ... (looks shocked)
H：Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change.
R：You're that Mr Adams! Well，I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you.
B：Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry！(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all!
Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut！It will be my honour to serve you!(共21张PPT)
UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
Section D Viewing and Talking , Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
核心词汇
词汇一 hesitate vi. 犹豫；迟疑；顾虑
◆教材原句
Why does the owner think Henry hesitates to pay the bill 店主认为是什么原因使得亨利付账犹豫不决？
◆要点必记
（1）hesitate about/over 对……犹豫
Don’t hesitate to do sth. 尽管做某事。
（2）hesitation n. 犹豫；踌躇
without the slightest hesitation 毫不犹豫
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫做某事
题组练·领悟方法
单句语法填空
（１）We hope that you will not hesitate （make）us aware of any shortcomings which you may find in this plan.
（2） I didn’t hesitate for a moment taking the job.
单句写作
（3） I will （毫不迟疑地推荐）this brand.
（4）We are at your service. （尽管找我们） if you have any further problems.
to make
about/over
not hesitate to recommend
Don’t hesitate to turn to us
词汇二 manner n. 举止；行为方式；方法；［pl.］礼貌；礼仪
◆要点必记
（ 1）in a... manner 以一种……的方式；带 着一副……的样子in a rude manner 粗鲁地；没有礼貌地
have a relaxed manner 带着一副悠闲的样子
（ 2）have good manners有礼貌 have bad manners 没礼貌
have no manners 毫无礼貌table manners 餐桌礼仪
◆误区警示 用这种方式
·in this way/manner（√）
·by this means（√）
·with this method（√）
单句语法填空
（1） The employer has earned her customers’ respect because she has very pleasant telephone （manner）.
（2） The manner which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable.
单句写作
（3） He answered my question （用一种如此奇怪的方式以至于）I wondered if he had misheard me.
（4） It is （不礼貌）to talk with your finger pointing at another person.
manners
in
in such a strange manner that
bad manners
词汇三 aside adv. 到旁边；在旁边；留；存
◆教材原句
pulling the 3rd clerk aside and whispering 把店员丙拉到一边，小声说
◆要点必记
pull sb. aside 把某人拉到一边
take sb. aside 把某人拉到一边
leave aside 不理，放一边
set aside 拨出，留出，省出；放一边
stand aside 闪开
aside from 除了……
单句写作
（1） （他把窗帘拉向一边。）
（2） （他把我拉到一旁）to give me some advice.
（3） （不理）the cost of the scheme，let us examine its benefits.
（4） We （留出，省出）some money for repairs last year.
He pulled the curtain aside.
He took me aside
Leaving aside
set aside
词汇四 option n. 可选择的事物；选择；选择权
◆教材原句
in another part of the shop，where there is a wide range of options for Henry to choose
from 在商店的另一个地方，有很多衣服可供亨利选择
◆要点必记
（ 1）a wide range of options 多种选择（= a variety of options=various options）
have no option but to do sth. 除了做某事别无选择
have the option of doing sth. 有……的选择
（ 2）optional adj. 可选择的；选修的
单句语法填空
（1） As I see it，we have two （option）.
（2） Going to college was not option for me.
（3） I have no option but （ask）him to leave.
（4） Certain courses are compulsory；others are （option）.
单句写作
（5） There are （多种选择）open to you.
（6）Students （选择出国学习）in their second year.
options
an
to ask
optional
a wide range of/a variety of/various options
have the option of studying abroad
词汇五 broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的
◆教材原句
Never mind.（with a broad smile）没关系。 （ 咧嘴笑着）
◆要点必记
（ 1）with a broad smile 咧嘴笑着
broad support 广泛的支持
in broad terms 从大体上讲
（2）broaden v. 变宽；扩大影响；增长
broaden one’s horizons 拓宽视野
（ 3）broadly adv. 大体上，基本上；咧开嘴 （ 笑）地
smile broadly 咧嘴笑
单句语法填空
（1） a broad smile，he said，“Hi，my name is Wally.”
（2） broad terms，the paper argues that each country should develop its own policy.
（3） Few would disagree that travel （broad）the mind.
单句写作
（4） Spending a year working in the big city helped to （拓宽他的视野）.
（5） （咧嘴笑着），the boy came up to his mother.
With
In
broadens
broaden his horizons
With a broad smile/Smiling broadly
词汇六 normal（1）adj. 典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的
（2）n. 常态；通常标准；一般水平
◆教材原句 That’s very normal! 那很正常！
◆要点必记
It is normal（for sb.）to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是正常的。be back to normal/return to normal 恢复正常 above/below normal 通常标准之上/ 之下
◆词语辨析 normal，common，usual 与 ordinary
·normal 指符合标准或常规 a normal working day 正常工作日
·common 指常见 a common name 常见的名字
·usual 指惯例 at the usual time/place 在老时间/ 地点
·ordinary 指标准不高 ordinary people 普通人
◆词语积累 abnormal adj. 反常的；不正常的normally adv. 正常情况下
单句语法填空
（1） It is normal （feel）nervous at first when you make a speech in the public.
（2） Everything returned normal after the heavy rain.
（3） The quality of their product is normal，which made the leader annoyed.
（4） This warm weather is （normal）for February.
辨析填空（normal/common/usual/ordinary）
（5） The book describes the lifestyle of the people in the country-side.
（6）The temperature of the human body is about 37 ℃ .
（7）Though injured，he kept on taking exercise as .
（8）Kangaroos are in Australia.
to feel
to
below
abnormal
ordinary
normal
usual
common
词汇七 willing adj. 愿意；乐意
◆教材原句
Why would the owner be willing to wait for a long time to get paid 为什么店主愿意等很长时间才能拿到钱？
◆要点必记
be willing to do sth. 愿意/ 乐意做某事
be unwilling to do sth. 不愿意做某事
willing helpers 主动帮忙的人
quite/perfectly willing 非常乐意
more willing 更加乐意
单句语法填空
（1） I don’t know whether he is willing （come）.
（2） He is （willing）to sell his produce at such a low price.
单句写作
（3） Many people in this region （乐意）do charity work.
（4） Why might highly sensitive people （不愿意）take part in group sports
to come
unwilling
are willing to
be unwilling to
词汇八 maintain vt. 维持；保持；维修；保养
◆教材原句
He wanted to maintain a good relationship with the ambassador in case others found out just how poor he really was. 他想和大使保持良好的关系，以防别人发现他实际上有多穷。
◆要点必记
maintain a balance 保持平衡
maintain（a）friendship 保持友谊
maintain life 维持生命
maintain relationships 保持关系
maintain law and order 维持治安
maintain one’s strength 保持体力
单句写作
（1）We should （保持平衡）between study and rest.
（2） Below are some ways to （保持友谊）.
（3） Oxygen is the basic substance to （维持生命） and to keep the function of organs.
（4） （维持与……的关系）suppliers is very important.
maintain a balance
maintain a friendship
maintain life
Maintaining relationships with
词汇九 permission n. 准许；许可；批准；许可证
◆教材原句
Yes，I’d love to...with your permission. Thank you，Miss. 是的，我很乐意……如果你允许的话。谢谢你，小姐。
◆要点必记
（1）get permission（from sb.） 得到（某人的）许可 ask for permission 请求许可 gain permission to do... 获得做……的许可
with one’s permission 在某人许可/ 准许下（=with the permission of sb.） without permission 未经许可
（2）permit vt. & vi. 允许；准许；使有可能
permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 be permitted to do sth. 被允许做某事
weather permitting 如果天气允许（独立主格结构）（=if weather permits）
单句语法填空
（1） If you think that treating a woman well means always getting her （permit）for things，think again.
（2） She had asked the government for （permit）to move the books to a safe place，but they refused.
（3）We do not permit （smoke）in the office.
（4） It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents （permit）to return to their homes.
单句写作
（5） In our school，no student can go out of the classroom （未经许可）.
（6）As a punishment，she （不许参加）any school activities.
（7）We’ll have a picnic at the beach， （如果天气允许的话）.
permission
permission
smoking
be permitted
without permission
was not permitted to take part in
weather permitting
重点句式
句式一 否定副词位于句首引起的部分倒装
◆教材原句
I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this... 记得当时我以为我手里永远都不会握有这样一张钞票……
◆要点必记
当含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词、be 动词移至主语之前。这样的词或短语有：·全部否定意义副词：never，not，neither， nor，nowhere
·部分否定意义副词：hardly，scarcely， rarely，seldom，little
·“绝不”短语：at no time，by no means， in no case，in no way，on no condition， under/in no circumstances，on no account
单句语法填空
（1） Never you achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
（2） By no means he be left alone.
（3） Not only he speak more correctly，but he spoke more easily.
单句写作
（4） Never （我看到过）such a beautiful vase before.
（5） I will never know what was on his mind at the time，__________________________
（其他任何人也不会知道）.
（6）Seldom （她丧失信心）when she is in trouble.
（7）On no condition （你该忘记）you are a Chinese.
will
should
did
have I seen
nor/neither will anyone else
does she lose heart
should you forget(共29张PPT)
UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
Section B Reading and Thinking
词汇一 scene n. （戏剧或歌剧的）场；现场；场面；景色，景象
◆教材原句 Read the scene and answer the questions. 阅读本场并回答问题。
◆要点必记 on the scene 在现场 the scene of the accident 事故现场 a wide range of street scenes 各样街景
◆词语辨析 view，sight，scene 与 scenery
·view 指从某个角度，尤其是从高处或远处看到的景色、风景
·sight 指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光
·scene 是 scenery 的一部分，可数名词， 多包括其中的人物及活动
·scenery 指某一地区的总的自然景色， 是不可数名词
题组练·领悟方法
单句写作
（1） The movie opens （以……的场景） in a New York apartment.
（2） The police were soon （在现场）.
（3） The little boy came riding full speed down the road on his bicycle. _____________________ （多惊险的场面啊）it was!
辨析填空（scenery/scene/sight/view）
（4） The team’s victory produced of joy all over the country.
（5） In the afternoon，you’ll have a chance to relax and see the of Paris.
（6）We went to a beautiful seaside to appreciate the natural .
（7）One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good .
with a scene
on the scene
What a dangerous scene
scenes
sights
scenery
view
词汇二 bet（1）n. 打赌；赌注
（2）vi. & vt. 下赌注；用……打赌 vt. 敢说
◆教材原句
Two rich brothers，Roderick and Oliver， have made a bet. 罗德里克和奥利弗这两个有钱的兄弟打了个赌。
◆要点必记
（1）make a bet 打个赌 for a bet 为了打赌
win/lose a bet 赢/ 输一场赌
（ 2）bet on sth. 对某事打赌；在某事上下 赌注
bet me ten dollars 跟我赌十美元
I bet... 我敢说……；我确信……
You bet! 当然！一定！
单句语法填空
（1） I hear you’re betting whether she’ll marry him.
（2） I did it a bet.
单句写作
（3） We’ve （打个赌）on who’s going to arrive first.
（4） （我敢说）it will rain tomorrow.
（5）—Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday
— （当然）! Will you go with me
on
for
made a bet
I bet
You bet
词汇三 as a matter of fact 事实上；其实；说真的
◆教材原句
As a matter of fact，I landed in Britain by accident. 事实上，我是偶然到英国的。
◆要点必记
事实上，实际上
as a matter of fact
in fact
in actual fact
actually
in reality
in effect
单句语法填空
（1） a matter of fact，I knew him when we were in college.
（2） Growing vegetables looks easy，but （actual）it takes a lot of learning.
（3） Outwardly she seemed confident but in （real）she felt extremely nervous.
单句写作
（4） He thought I had known the fact. But （事实上）， I knew nothing about it.
As
actually
reality
as a matter of fact/in fact/ in actual fact/actually/in reality/in effect
词汇四 by accident 偶然地；意外地
◆要点必记
by accident =by chance =accidentally 偶然
单句语法填空
（1） It was done not accident but purpose.
（2） She gave away the secret （accident）due to panic.
（3） I don’t know whether this happened chance or design.
（4） In my opinion，Susan hurt my feelings （deliberate）rather than ______ accident as she insisted.
单句写作
（5） It seems that his success happened （ 偶然地），but actually it was the result of his years of efforts.
by
on
accidentally
by
by
deliberately
by
by accident/accidentally/by chance
词汇五 spot（1）vt. 看见；注意到；发现
（2）n. 地点；处所；斑点；污迹
◆教材原句
The next morning I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上一艘船发现了我。
◆要点必记
spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
on the spot 当场；在现场
spotted adj. 有花点的；有斑点的
be spotted with 满是……斑点
单句语法填空
（1） The police spotted him （drive）a stolen car.
（2） He decided to provide the homeless with food for free the spot.
（3） She wears a black skirt with some white （spot）.
单句写作
（4） I （发现她隐藏）the receipt in her handbag.
（5） The night sky （满是…… 斑点） twinkling stars.
driving
on
spots
spotted her hiding
is spotted with
词汇六 sort（1）n. 种类；类别 （2）vt. 把……分类/ 整理
◆教材原句
Tell us，what sort of work did you do in America 告诉我们，你在美国做什么工作？
◆要点必记
（ 1）all sorts of 各种各样的（= all kinds of）
sort of 有几分，有点儿（=kind of）
of this/that sort 这/ 那一类的
（2）sort out（from）（从……中）区分出来， 辨别出来
sort... by... 把……按……分类
sort... into... 把……分成……
单句语法填空
（1） To be honest，she spent a whole afternoon （sort）out the green beans from the red ones.
（2） That made me feel sort stupid.
（3） Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted plastics，glass and paper.
（4） You can use the computer to sort the newspaper articles date.
单句写作
（5） She likes （各种各样的）hats.
（6）She （有几分）pretends that she doesn’t really care.
（7）Films （那一类的）have lost their appeal for me.
sorting
of
into
by
all sorts of
sort of
of that sort
词汇七 patience n. 耐心；忍耐力；毅力
◆教材原句
Patience. If you don’t mind，may I ask you how much money you have 耐心点。如果你不介意，我可以问一下你有多少钱吗？
◆要点必记
（ 1）have little/no patience with... 对 …… 几乎没有/ 没有耐心 have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事
lose patience with 对……失去耐心（=run out of patience with） with patience 耐心地（= patiently）
（ 2）patient adj. 有耐心；容忍的 n. 病人 be patient with 对……有耐心
（ 3）impatient adj. 没有耐心的 impatience n. 不耐烦
单句语法填空
（1） Fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of （patient）， which I don’t have.
（2） He has little patience people who talk too much.
（3） She is patient with her （patient）；she always looks after them ___________ （patient）.
（4） He was very （patience）with students who could not follow him.
单句写作
（5） I began to （失去耐心）him，for he made me rather embarrassed.
（6）Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out （耐心地）.
patience
with
patients
patiently
patient
lose patience with
with patience/patiently
词汇八 to be honest 说实话；坦率地说
◆教材原句
Well，to be honest，I have none. 噢，说实话，我身无分文。
◆要点必记
to tell（you）the truth 实话说
honestly speaking 老实说
to be frank 坦白地说（= frankly speaking）
to be exact 确切地说（=exactly speaking）
to make matters worse 更糟的是
单句语法填空
（1） be honest，I don’t know if he broke the window on purpose.
（2） （honest）speaking，that’s all the money I have.
单句写作
（3） （老实说），I have been dreaming of forming a band.
（4） She has worked at the bank for many years，nine，_______________________ （确切地说）.
To
Honestly
To be honest/Honestly speaking/To tell （you）the truth
to be exact/exactly speaking
词汇九 indicate vt. & vi. 表明；显示 vt. 象征；暗示
◆教材原句
This implied meaning often indicates people’s feelings，attitudes，or motives. 这种隐含的意思通常表示人们的感情、态度或动机。
◆要点必记
（1）indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意/ 指出…… indicate fine weather 预示好天气
as the name indicates 正如其名称所示 indicate one’s intention 表明某人的意图
indicate one’s preference 注明某人的偏好 indicate that... 预示/ 显示……
（2）indication n. 迹象；表示；标示
give sb. indication 向某人表明
There are clear indications that... 有明显的迹象显示……
单句语法填空
（1） There is a great deal of evidence （indicate）that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
（2） The headmaster took out a map and indicated the quickest route us.
（3） He that an should give me some indicator of how I did in the test. （indicate）
单句写作
（4） （研究表明）that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.
（5） According to an old proverb，a red sky at night often （预示着好天气）the next day.
indicating
to
indicated
indication
Research indicates
indicates fine weather
词汇十 postpone vt. 延迟；延期；延缓
◆教材原句
They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about，but he had to postpone opening it until 2 o’clock. 他们说里面的信会解释这是怎么回事，但他必须推迟到2 点才能打开。
◆要点必记
postpone = put off = delay 延期，推迟
postpone the meeting 推迟会议
postpone doing sth. 延迟做某事
单句语法填空
（1） He delayed （tell）her the news，waiting for the right moment.
（2） She called this afternoon to put the meeting to next month.
单句写作
（3） We’ll have to （推迟会议）until/to next week.
（4） Let’s （延迟做决定）until we have more information.
telling
off
postpone/put off/delay the meeting
postpone/put off/delay making a decision
重点句式
句式一 find+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语
◆教材原句
About a month ago，I was sailing，and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. 大约一个月以前， 我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵大风刮到了海上。
◆要点必记
在“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中， 作宾语补足语的可以是过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。
（ 1）find sb./sth. done 发现某人/某物被…… find sb./sth. doing 发现某人/ 某物在做……
find sb./sth. +adj./adv./n./prep. 觉得某人/ 某物……
（ 2）此结构中有时用 it 作形式宾语，宾 补多是名词或形容词，而真正的宾语多 是不定式或动名词，放到宾语补足语的 后面：
find + it + adj. /n. + to do sth.
find it no use doing sth.
（ 3）若“find+宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构 变为被动形式，则原来的宾语变成主语， 宾补变成主补。
单句语法填空
（1） The little boy was very pleased to find the bottle （fill）with water.
（2） It’s quite common to find her （read）the newspaper.
（3） I find the life in the countryside （peace）.
（4） She woke up and found herself a hospital.
（5） The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.
（6）He was found （cheat）in the final examination.
filled
reading
peaceful
in
it
cheating
单句写作
（7）His husband rushed home，only to （发现门锁着）.
（8）He （被发现坐着）in front of the TV set.
（9）When he came to himself，he （发现自己躺在医院里）.
（10）The boy （发现很难早起）in the morning in winter.
find the door locked
was found sitting/seated
found himself lying in hospital
finds it hard to get up early
句式二 强调句
◆教材原句
And it was the ship that brought you to England. 就是这艘船把你带到了英国。
◆要点必记
（1）强调句型的基本结构：
It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子的其余部分。
（ 2）强调人的时候可以用 who 和 that，其 他只能用that。
（ 3）该句型不能够强调谓语动词，强调谓 语动词要用助动词：do/did/does“的确， 确实”；强调祈使句的谓语动词时常译为 “务必，一定”。
He does work hard. 他工作确实卖力。
Do be careful! 一定要当心！
单句语法填空
（1） It must be Peter has let this secret out.
（2） was because I was stuck in the traffic jam that I came late.
（3） It might be last night they did their homework.
单句写作
（4） It was （直到他完成）his work that he went home.
（5） 是在我两年前工作的公司里，我遇见了史密斯先生。
in the company I worked two years ago I met Mr. Smith.
who/that
It
that
not until he finished
It was
where
that
句式三 be about to do sth. 即将或正要（做某事）
◆教材原句
Yes，I was about to go get the letter. 是的， 我正要去拿信呢。
◆要点必记
be about to do sth. 即将或正要（做某事）（=be on the point of doing sth.）
◆归纳拓展
be about to do...when...= be on the point of doing... when... 正要……这时……
be doing... when... 正在做……这时……
had just/hardly/scarcely done... when... 刚做完……这时……
◆学法点拨
在上面的句式中，when 用作并列连词， 意为“这时”。
句式仿写
（1） Tom （正要放弃这时）the answer to the question occurred to him.
（2） I （正要关电脑这时）I received an email.
（3） Jack （正在实验室里工作这时）the power cut occurred.
（4） I （刚到办公室这时）my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
was about to give up when/was on the point of giving up when
was about to turn off my computer when
was working in the lab when
had just/hardly/scarcely got to the office when(共20张PPT)
UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
Section A Listening and Speaking
核心词汇
词汇一 basis n. 基础；根据；基点
◆教材原句
Is money the basis of a happy life 金钱是幸福生活的基础吗？
◆要点必记
（ 1）on the basis of 在某事的基础上；根 据某事 on a regular basis 定期地，经常on a daily basis 每天
（ 2）base n. 基部，基础，基地；总部 vt. 以……为基础；基地设在……
base... on/upon... 使……以……为基础 be based on/upon 以……为基础 air base 空军基地
（ 3）basic adj. 基本的；基础的；最初级的
basically adv. 基本上；大体上；从根本上说
题组练·领悟方法
单句语法填空
（1） the basis of those facts，we can reach the following conclusion.
（2） The book is based a true story.
（3） There have been some problems but （base）it’s a good system.
单句写作
（4） The decision was made （根据）the information we had.
（5） We’re going to meet there （每天）.
（6）Be physically active （定期地），which will also help you maintain a healthy body.
On
on
basically
on the basis of
on a daily basis
on a regular basis
词汇二 apologise vi. 道歉；谢罪（也可写作 apologize）
◆教材原句
Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn’t offer her more money. 王政向陈道歉，因为他不能给她更多的钱。
◆要点必记
（1）apologise to sb. for（doing）sth. 为（做） 某事而向某人道歉
（2）apology n. 道歉，认错
make an apology to sb. for（doing） 因（做）……向某人道歉
offer sb. an apology 主动向某人道歉（=offer an apology to sb.）
accept/refuse sb.’s apology 接受/ 拒绝某人的道歉
demand an apology 要求道歉 owe sb. an apology 应该向某人道歉（=owe an apology to sb.）
单句语法填空
（1） Sorry，ladies and gentlemen! We （apology）for the late departure of this flight.
（2） The captain made an apology the passengers the delay caused by the foggy weather.
单句写作
（3） When we met again，he________________________________________________________ （因……向我道歉）not having kept his word and asked me to forgive him.
（4） As a daughter and a mother，the more I go through parenting，the more I________________ （应该向某人表示歉意）my parents because of their selfless love.
apologise
to
for
apologised to me for/made an apology to me for/offered me an apology for/offered an apology to me for
owe an apology to
词汇三 draw a conclusion 得出结论
◆教材原句
To draw a conclusion，you need to under-stand the given information and use your
background knowledge. 要得出结论，你需要了解所给的信息并运用你的背景知识。
◆要点必记
（ 1）draw a conclusion得出结论（=come to/ arrive at/reach a conclusion）
jump to conclusions 匆忙/ 贸然下结论 make a conclusion 下结论
bring the discussion to a conclusion 结束讨论
in conclusion 最后，总之（插入语）（= to conclude）
（2）conclude vi. 得出结论，推断出；（使） 结束
conclude with/by... 以……结束
单句语法填空
（1） The （conclude），I think，he drew from this simple experiment is not scientific.
（2） It’s important not to jump to （conclusion）.
（3） He based his （conclude）on the evidence given by the eyewitness（目击者）.
单句写作
（4）We have （得出结论）that the company has been making great progress these months.
（5） （最后），I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying in your beautiful country.
（6）Each chapter （以……结束）a short summary.
conclusion
conclusions
conclusion
drawn/come to/arrived at/reached the conclusion
In conclusion/To conclude
concludes with
词汇四 ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会
◆教材原句
Also，while listening，don’t ignore the speakers’ tone and intonation—these can be important clues，too. 另外，在听的时候，不要忽略说话者的语气和语调—— 这些也可能是很重要的线索。
◆要点必记
ignore sb’s advice 无视某人的忠告
ignore personal danger 不顾个人安危
ignorance n.［U］无知；愚昧；不知
ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的
be ignorant of/about... 对……一无所知
单句写作
（1）We can’t afford （不考虑他们的劝告）.
（2） Do you frequently （置工作于不顾）and other activities to check your phone for messages
单句语法填空
（3） Excuse my （ignore），but how does this machine work
（4） He’s ignorant the dangers of too much sun.
to ignore their advice
ignore work
ignorance
of/about
词汇五 in return 作为回报；作为回应
◆教材原句
When we help someone，should we expect to get something in return 当我们帮助别人时，我们应该期望得到回报吗？
◆词语辨析 in return 和in turn
·in return 作为回报；作为回应 in turn 依次，轮流；相应地，转而
◆归纳拓展
（1）in return for 作为对……的回报/ 报答/ 交换 return to normal 恢复正常
（2）the return flight 返程航班 the return journey 回程
upon one’s return home 某人一回到家 the return of a wallet 归还钱包
辨析填空（in return/in turn）
（1） People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this__________ creates further problems.
（2） While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything .
单句写作
（3） He is willing to help those in trouble. （作为回报）， people respect him，saying he is a warm-hearted man.
（4） He didn’t expect anything （作为对……的回报） his help.
（5） Even with treatment，they may never （恢复正常）.
in turn
in return
In return
in return for
return to normal
词汇六 judge（1）vt. 评价；评判；判断
（2）n. 法官；审判员；裁判员
◆教材原句
Should we judge people based on how much money they have 我们应该根据人们有多少钱来评价他们吗？
◆要点必记
（1）judging by/from... 根据……判断 judging from one’s accent 从某人的口音判断
as far as I can judge 据我判断 Never judge a person by their looks. 不要以貌取人！
（2）judgement n. 看法；判断力；判决 in one’s judgement 在某人看来
reserve one’s judgement 保留某人的看法
◆误区警示
judging by/from... 作状语时，是独立成分，不受主语的影响和限制。有类似用法的还有： generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking 一般地/ 确切地/ 坦率地/ 诚实地说
considering（that）... 考虑到……；鉴于……
providing/provided（that）... 假如……；倘若……
单句语法填空
（1） （judge）from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
（2） Judging what you said，I’m afraid you are wrong.
（3） Many of the scientists and engineers （judge）in terms of how great their achievements are.
（4） I’d prefer to reserve my （judge）until I find all the evidence.
（5） Facing these strict （judge），the interviewee felt very nervous.
（6） her judgment，it was a wrong thing to give children so much pocket money.
Judging
from/by
are judged
judgment
judges
In
单句写作
（7）We shouldn’t （根据穿着判断一个人）.
（8）Don’t （评价一本书）only by its cover. You need consider many aspects.
judge a person by his clothes
judge a book
重点句式
句式一 should have done sth. 本该做某事（却没做）
◆教材原句
Well，I think that Chen Liyan was correct in returning the money，but she should have accepted the money Wang offered. 嗯，我认为陈丽燕还钱是对的，但是她应该接受王提供的钱。
◆要点必记
should have done sth. 本应该做某事（没做） shouldn’t have done 本不该做……（做了）
ought to have done sth. 本应该做某事（没做） oughtn’t to have done 本不该做……（做了）
needn’t have done sth. 本来没必要做某事 could have done sth. 本来能够做某事；可能做了某事
might have done sth. 可能做了某事 would have done sth. 本来会做某事
would rather have done sth. 宁愿做了某事 would like to have done sth. 本来想要做某事
单句翻译
（1） 此事你早就应该告诉我。
____________________________________________________________
（2） 今天上午我本该给老板打电话，但是我忘了。
____________________________________________________________
把下列句子翻译成汉语
（3） Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago.
______________________________________________________________
（4） In my opinion，she should have resigned earlier.
_______________________________________________________________
（5） I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
________________________________________________________________
You should have told me about it before.
I should have phoned my boss this morning，but I forgot.
看看什么时候了！我们本该在十分钟前到剧院。
在我看来，她本应更早一点儿辞职。
我来新学校之前本不必担心，因为我的同学都对我很友好。
句式二 whenever 引导状语从句
◆教材原句
You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. 你想什么时候来就什么时候来，想吃什么就吃什么。
◆要点必记
（1）引导让步状语从句
whenever 引导让步状语从句，表示“无论何时”，相当于no matter when。
Whenever you come，you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
（2）引导时间状语从句
whenever 引导时间状语从句，表示“每 当”，“一……就……”，比when 语气更强。
The roof leaks whenever it rains. 这屋顶一下雨就漏。
（3）从句主语和谓语有时可以省略。
Robbie had arranged for this man to come whenever（he is）needed. 罗比安排好，这人会随叫随到。
单句翻译
（1） 我无论什么时候看到他，他都在看书。
___________________________________________________________
（2） 一有机会我就去看戏。
____________________________________________________________
（3） 只要有可能，他就去看她。
______________________________________________________
把下列句子翻译成汉语
（4） Whenever I go to London I try to see Viel.
__________________________________________________________
（5） Whenever I mention playing football，he says he’s too busy.
________________________________________________________
Whenever I see him，he’s reading.
I go to the theatre whenever I get the chance.
Whenever（it is）possible，he goes to see her.
我无论什么时候去伦敦，都设法去看看维尔。
我一跟他说踢足球的事，他就说太忙。Unit 5 The Value of Money
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
情态动词和过去将来时态（导学案）
This teaching period is about expressing modality and talking about future events in the past. Modality reflects the feelings of the person who is talking. It is still a really big challenge for senior students to master the usages of the modal words. Generally, in this unit, we will review and further learn the following model words, would/had better/ ought to/dare/should etc.
As for the structures about the future events, we should lead students to master would be/do; was /were going to do/be about to do.
1. Guide students to review the basic usages of “modality” and talk about future events in the past.
2. Enable students to use the related grammar structures flexibly.
3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.
1. Help students to appreciate the function of “modality”and the meanings of the structures “was (were) about to /was (were) going to do/was (were) going”
2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper “modality”and past future tenses.
指出下列句中画线部分的含义
1．That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book.
2．The children must have been very excited as they opened it.
3．They might not receive their presents if they were not good.
4．I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks！
5．But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.
6．Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen！
7．we'd better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies, ...
8．“You needn't try it if you don't want to，” Mum said.
【答案】：1.能够 2.一定；准是 3.可能 4.能够 5.胆敢，敢于 6.不得不 7.最好 8.不必
1．表示能力：can用来表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young.
现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。
2．表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。
Can/Could you lend me a hand
你能帮我一下吗？
3．表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。
—Can he be in the reading room now
—No, he can't be in it.Because I saw him in the office just now.
——他现在可能在阅览室吗？
——不，他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。
4．表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
Jogging can help you keep fit.慢跑有助于保持身体健康。
1．表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)对方做某事。
—May I come in
—Yes, you may/can.
——我可以进来吗？
——是的，你可以进来。
(No, you can't.不行，你不能进来。)
You may go now.
你现在可以走了。
2．表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。
He may come, or he may not.
他可能来，也可能不来。
It may/might rain this afternoon. You'd better take a raincoat with you.
今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。
3．may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
祝你成功！
4．“may/might as well＋动词原形”表示“不妨，还不如”。
I may/might as well start at once.
我还不如马上就动身。
1．表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。
All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
2．表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。
Betty must be in the next room. I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。
3．表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。
Why must he go out in the bad weather
为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门？
4．must not表示禁止，意思是“不许”“不准”“不可以”等。
You mustn't stop your car in the busy street.
你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。
5．回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must; 否定回答多用needn't或don't have to。
—Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock
—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't/you don't have to.)
——我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？
——是的，必须。(不，没必要。)
be able to意为“能够，有能力”，不仅有时态、人称和数的变化，而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用)，甚至还可以有非谓语形式。
Since his accident he hasn't been able to leave the house.
自出事之后，他一直未能离开家。
You might be able to persuade him.
你也许能够说服他。
I hope to be able to do the work.
我希望能干得了这项工作。
I regret not being able to help her.
我很遗憾未能帮助她。
[易混辨析：can, be able to表示“能力”时的区别]
can 用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力
be able to 用于各种时态，表示经过努力后所具有的能力
Babies can swim when they were born.
婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)
Without his hard work, he was not able to get good grades.
如果他没有努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力)
dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。
1．dare作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。此时的dare没有人称、数和时态的变化，能单独构成否定和疑问。例如：
Dare you climb that tree
你敢爬那棵树吗？
He daren't go there because it is very dangerous.
他不敢去那儿，因为那儿很危险。
2．dare用作实义动词时，有时态和人称的变化，用do, does或did来构成否定句或疑问句。
She didn't dare to say a word, did she
她一句话也不敢说，是吗？
have to意为“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为
don't/doesn't/didn't have to。
It's too late. I have to go home now.
天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。
You don't have to finish the work now.
你没有必要现在完成这项工作。
【点津】 have to和must的区别：
have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。此外，must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。
I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.
今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。
I must clean the room because there are too dirty.
因为太脏了，我必须要打扫房间。
had better意为“最好；应该”，后跟动词原形，常用来提出建议，或表示迫切的希望、警告等，语气较强。其中动词had没有人称或数的变化。had better的简略式为：'d better，否定式为：had better not。
She'd better get here soon or she'll miss the opening ceremony.
她最好快点到这儿来，否则她会错过开幕式的。
They had better not be late.
他们最好不要迟到。
1．作情态动词
(1)need作情态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，意为“必须”或“需要”。
—Need I finish the work today
—Yes, you must. /No, you needn't.
——我需要今天干完这项工作吗？
——是的，必须干完。/不用，你不必干完。
(2)needn't 意为“不必”，表示客观上不必如何。
There's plenty of time.You needn't drive so fast.
时间很充足，你不必开这么快。
2．作实义动词
need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。
The bike needs repairing.
＝The bike needs to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。
过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day，soon等。
[观察例句]
1．I was about to get the letter.
2．They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.
3．The director said he would meet the famous actor the next day.
4．They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.
[归纳]
1．过去将来时的基本构成和用法
过去将来时由“would＋动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。
Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.
He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.
She said that she wouldn't do that again.
2．表示过去将来时的其他表达法
(1)was/were going to＋动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。
I thought it was going to rain.
(2)was/were to＋动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。
She said she was to get married next month.
(3)was/were about to＋动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.
(4)was/were＋现在分词：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动词是come，go，leave，arrive，begin，start，stop，close，open，die，join，borrow，buy等瞬间动词。
Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
