Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. Section B 3a—3b Self check课件(共43张PPT

(共43张PPT)
The river was seriously polluted.
The Passive Voice
被动语态
了解被动语态
被动语态构成：助动词be+done
2、形式:
1） 一般现在时： am/is/are+done
1.英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态
2) 一般过去时：was/were+done
3) 一般将来时：will +be +done
4) 含有情态动词：情态动词+be+done
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
英语语态
被动语态的构成
worked
opened
closed
seen
taught
asked
work
close
open
ask
see
teach
e.g.
由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
1.规则动词的过去分词：
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed
watch---watched
2)以不发音e结尾的加-d
practice---practiced
3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed
study---studied
4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed
stop---stopped
2.不规则动词的过去分词：
am
is
are
been
have
has
had
do
done
write
written
go
gone
When can we use the passive voice
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。
My bike was stolen last night.
昨晚我的自行车被偷了。
Letters are collected at eight every morning.
信件每天早晨八点收取。
2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。
The desk was made by Master Wang.
这张课桌是王师傅做的。
The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。
被动语态的肯定式，否定式，和疑问式的构成
否定式在第一个助动词后加not.
疑问式，只需将第一个助动词提前到主语前面
The desk is made of wood.
The desk isn’t made of wood.
Is the desk made of wood
Yes,it is. No,it isn’t.
语态转换
英语的谓语动词有两种语态
We speak E n glish.
主语
谓语
宾语
English is spoken by us.
主语
谓语
宾语
主动语态
被动语态
宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动
be + done
被动语态的基本结构:
有各种时态的变化
考点一:
主变被解题步骤:
1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者
They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数.
are
3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的时态 ----即原句动词改为过去分词
made
5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 主语/ 宾语.
by them.
[1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. was spoken
一般现在时的被动语态：
am / is / are + done
task
（一）
1.We like Miss Lin Very much.
Miss Lin ____ _______ by us very
much.
2.Many young people love Jay Chou’ songs.
Jay Chou’s songs ____ ______ by
many young people.
is
liked
are
loved
时态:
结构：
am / is / are + done
一般现在时
把下列句子改为被动语态：
[2]. The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for
一般过去时的被动语态：
was / were + done
task
（二）
1.The man repaired the car yesterday.
The car ____ _________ by the man
yesterday.
2.Mr Song encouraged us to study
hard last week.
We ____ ____________ to study
hard by Miss Peng last week.
was
repaired
were
encouraged
时态:
结构：
was/were + done
一般过去时
把下列句子改为被动语态：
[3]. Many houses ____ in the future.
A. will build
B. will be built
C. are built
一般将来时的被动语态
will + be + done
be going to + be +done
task
(三)
1.The city will build the new airport
next year.
The new airport _____ ____ _______
next year.
2.Huidong Middle School is going to
send two students to Hongkong to
study.
Two students____ ____ ____ ____ ____
　 to Hongkong to study.
will
be
are
be
时态:
结构：
will /be going to + be +done
一般将来时
built
going
to
sent
[4]. Flowers ____ every day.
A. has been watered
B. should be watered
C. should water
含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词 + be + done
含有情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词 + be + done
You mustn’t clean the room today.
The room______ __ ______ by you today.
2.We should finish our homework on time.
Our homework_____ ___ ______
by us on time.
（四）
mustn’ t
should
结构：
be
cleaned
be
finished
Part 3
练习: 用be动词的正确形式填空.
A knife _________ used to cut apple
2.The rooms ________cleaned later.
3. The students _______ asked to have breakfast.
4.They_______ encouraged to study hard in the past.
5.Not only he but also I _____ punished last night.
is
will be
are
were
was
一般现在时：
一般过去时：
一般将来时：
情态动词:
am/is /are + done
情态动词有+be+done
will + be + done
was/were + done
以下时态的被动语态构成
Summary
Task 4
考点二:
被动语态中的特殊情况:
思考1: 把主动语态变为被动语态
I saw him fall off the tree.
He ____ ____ ____ fall off the tree.
was
seen
to
注意问题1：
挑战
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch,notice…)
see / hear sb. do sth
be seen / heard to do sth
make sb.do sth.
be made to do sth.
主动:
被动:
主动:
被动:
思考2
I saw some boys playing football
Some boys were seen playing football.
宾语加宾语补足语的复合宾语，变被动语态，只把宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语的补足语。
思考3
They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them.
注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个
整体，不可把它们分隔开来。
注意:
约翰打开了收音机。
John turned on the radio.
The radio was turned on.
奶奶照看我姐姐。
Grandma takes care of my sister.
My sister is taken care of by Grandma.
注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。
We must speak to old people politely.
Old people must be spoken to politely.
必背！
动词短语变被动语态，后面的介词不能丢。
take care of → be taken care of
cut down → be cut down
laugh at → be laughed at
look after → be looked after
Speak to be spoken to
Hand in be handed in
. Children should ___.
A. take good care of
B. be taken good care
C. be taken good care of
固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词
I was given a book by her.
A book was given to me by her.
思考4.She gave me a book.
如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring, show,tell…）
变为被动时，间宾前加to 的带有双宾语的动词有：14个.“七给一带”to 不少give, pass, lend, write. hand, send , show, bring, refuse,leave, promise, tell, return, teach,
变为被动时，间宾前加for 的带有双宾语的动词有：9个“买”“画”“制作”for来了。
buy, draw，make, get, do, pay, sing. cook, mend
1. Please pass the book to Lily.
The book is passed to Lily by you please.
Lily is passed the book.
2. He gave me a beautiful present.
I was given a beautiful present by him.
A beautiful present was given to me .
.
思考5: 选择
1.The pen ___well.
A . is written B . writes
2.The music ___ n ic e.
A . Soun ds B . is sounded
B
A
有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义
注意问题1：
1.连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态(中考必考） 如：be, feel, keep, look, sound, smell, taste, seem, get, turn, become…
e.g. Peking Opera _______ (sound)
beautiful.
sounds
2. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态 。如open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive.
e.g. The pen __________(write) very fast.
writes
This kind of sweater _______(sell) well.
sells
(2014河北35题）Mom is making dinner,It____so nice.
A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds
(2011河北37题）This sentence___right.Please write it down.
A.feels B.sounds C.tastes D.smells
A
B
Your desk ___.
A. needs repair
B. needs repairing
C. needs to repair
3.need, want, require,可以用-ing形式表示被动
need to be done = need doing
This film is worth seeing.
4.be worth doing doing 表示被动意义。
思考6.
1.Many people ___ during the earthquake in May, 2008.
A. were diedB. deadC. died
注意问题2
1.) die,take place , happen, belong to ,come, go
等不及物动词没有被动语态.
2.It will happen in 50 years. ( )
3.It will be happened in 50 years. ( )
√
x
不用被动语态的几种情况：
不用被动语态的几种情况：
2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态
have / fit
I have a TV set.
The coat fits me well.
3)。主动句的宾语是不定式或ing时，不能用作宾语从句。
My mother enjoys watching TV.(主动语态）
Watching TV is enjoyed by my mother.(错）
They said that he would come back soon.
It was said that he would come back soon.
被动语态结构的习惯用法类似的还有： It is reported that
believed
hoped
supposed
thought
We report
河北省被动语态出题方向
1.时间标志词
2.情景化原则
3.Special rules.
Practise makes perfect
熟能生巧
（2014.河北43题）The pet dog is warm and loving. It____as a daughter of my family.
A .treats B.treated C.is treated D.was treated
(2013.河北38题）Annie ___to the party.She had a wonderful time with us.
A.invites B.is invited C.was invitedD.has invited
（2012.河北44题）More money____when we use both sides of paper.
A.will saveB.was savedC.has savedDwill be saved
2011.河北44题The Sping Festival__in Januay or February.
A.celebrates B.is celebrated C. celebrated D.was celebrated
(2010.河北37题)Hong Kong___to be a good place for eating today.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known
c
c
D
B
C