中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教（2019版）必修第一册第四单元
Unit 4 Natural disasters
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Period 3
课题内容 Unit 4 Natural disasters Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
教材分析 This teaching period mainly deal with discovering useful structure. Students are expected to the knowledge about how to use the attribute clause. The teachers are expected to enable students to master some knowledge about the attribute clause.
学习目标与核心素养 1.Knowledge objectives: Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the attribute clause.2.Skill objectives: Enable students have a good understanding of grammar skills.3.Emotional objectives: Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual capability.4.Thinking quality objectives: Inspire the students’ spirit of protecting the environment.
学习重点 How to use the attribute clause.
学习难点 Grasp some grammar skills.
观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成:
1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
限制性定语从句的功能: 修饰或限定主句中的某个名词或代词(先行词)
一、定义
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切, 书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语, 关系代词通常可以省略。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
这里有些可以让你回到正轨的方法。
*Everything comes to him who waits.
功夫不负有心人。
2. 非限制性定语从句
它只是对先行词作附加补充说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
*(2020·浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.
饥饿的狗熊跟随着嗅觉来到我们的营地, 营地被高高的铁丝围绕着。
*The contest, whose theme is “China in my eyes”, will be held in the City Library on August 18th, 2022.
这场比赛的主题是“我眼中的中国”, 将于2022年8月18日在市图书馆举行。
二、定语从句中关系代词的用法
1. who代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*(2020· 天津高考)“The great man, ”said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his child’s heart. ”
孟子曰: “大人者, 不失其赤子之心者也。”
2. whom代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*You are a special teacher whom I will always remember with fond memories.
你是一位很特别的老师, 我将永远记住这些美好回忆。
3. which代替指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)She wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
她穿着特别设计的肥肥的衣服, 这件衣服让她的体重增加到了180磅。
4. that代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
她也说道, 可能有很多其他的基因帮助巴瑶族人潜水。
5. whose代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作定语。其呈现形式为: whose + n. 。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
在古代中国有一位艺术家, 他的画几乎栩栩如生。
6. as引导限制性定语从句时, 它通常要与 such, as, the same 搭配, 即构成such. . . as, the same. . . as, as/so. . . as这样的固定搭配, 同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
*I am glad to have the same medal as you have.
我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。
*A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.
电脑很有用, 我们每天都能用到。
【易错精点】the same. . . that/as区别
the same. . . that表示“同一个”(同一性)
the same. . . as表示“类似的一个, 而不是同一个”(相似性)
*This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)
*I have bought the same watch as you have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的, 非同一个)
关系代词的用法与分类依据
1. 根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;
2. 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;
3. 根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语或定语。
三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
1. 只用that而不用which 的情况
(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
*It is the greatest achievement that we have ever made.
这是我们有史以来取得的最大的成就。
(2)先行词有序数词修饰时
*It is the first Winter Olympics that will be held in China.
这是第一届将在中国举办的冬季奥运会。
(3)先行词为all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词, 或被不定代词修饰时
*She listens attentively and tries to catch everything that the teacher says in class.
她听得很专心, 努力学会老师在课上讲授的所有内容。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时
*We like talking about the people and things that we saw in the TV play.
我们喜欢谈论在电视剧里看到的人和事。
(5)先行词前面有the very, the only, the last, the same等修饰时
*Dad and Mom, my dream is the very one that you always have.
爸爸, 妈妈, 我的梦想就是你们的梦想。
(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时
*Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。
2. 只用which 而不用that 的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast.
我每个春天都喜欢读的第一本书是欧内斯特·海明威的《流动的盛宴》。
(2)在定语从句中, 关系代词前有介词时
*Our class participated in an English oral competition, in which we came first.
我们班参加了英语口语比赛, 在比赛中我们获得了第一名。
强调句与定语从句的区别
强调句和定语从句都是由it引导的句型结构构成的, 区别在于强调句中that不充当成分, 但不能被省略; 而定语从句中that充当成分, 并且当充当的成分是宾语时可以被省略。
*It was the student that/who asked the silly question.
就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)
*He was the student who asked the silly question.
他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)
高考链接
1.She and her family bicycle to work，___________helps them keep fit (2018·北京卷)
2. Kate, _____________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia(2018·天津卷)
3. During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes _______________allowed me to keep my high social status.(2019·全国I卷)
4. The little problems_____________we meet in our daily lives maybe
inspirations for great inventions.(2017 北京卷)
5, But Sarah,__________has taken part in shows along with top models,
wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017 全国Ⅲ卷)
6. Like anything, it is possible to have too much fat and salt,
________________is not good for the health(2017 全国卷)
Ⅰ.单词填写：
1．It is very important to keep _______ (镇静的) when an earthquake breaks out.
2．Global warming is having a great_______(影响)on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
3．They ______ (挥手) to us to stay where we were.
4．You have the_______ (能力) to live it well.
5．You are likely to sing or _______ (吹口哨) when you are happy.
6．It was said that the ______ (台风)had caused a lot of damage.
7．In the city, the water_______ (管道) in some buildings cracked and burst.
8．What I did was (to) turn off the_______ (水龙头).
9．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued with the ______ (帮助) of the police.
10．I'm very glad that you can write me a ______ (概要) of this report.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture ______ (deliver) by a professor from the UK.
2．What's more, it is another ______ (effect) way to deal with the problem.
3．They felt it difficult _____________ (finish) the work in such a short time.
4．Today the number of people learning English in China _____________ (increase) rapidly.
5．A wonderful idea ______ (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
6．The dustman ______ (sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.
7．The ______ (long) of the article should be about 800 words.
8．I ______________ (have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.
9．It was reported that as ______ as 157 people died at the air crash.
10．Several hours later, the little boy was rescued ______ the aid of the police.
Ⅲ.选词填空
go through； sweep away； in shock； in the open air； put up； on hand
1．They had to sleep ___________________________ after the earthquake.
2．Always have your dictionary_______________when you study.
3．I looked at my husband ______________waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.
4．We don't clean the house for a few days, because we don't want to _____________ good luck.
5．A week before Earth Day, posters were______________ around our school, calling on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
6．He must have _____________ many difficulties before he succeeded.
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我正要放弃的时候，我最好的朋友鼓励我继续。
I _________________________________________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.
2．我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。
____________________________I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift.
3．我们发现在现代社会学习一门外语是很有必要的。
We __________________________________ a foreign language in modern society.
答案：
高考链接
1.which
2.whose
3.which
4. That
5.who
6. which
Ⅰ.单词填写：
calm
effect
waved
power
whistle
typhoon
pipes
tap
aid/help
Summary
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
delivered
effective
To finish
Is increasing
struck
swept
length
was having
many
With
Ⅲ.选词填空
in the open air
on hand
in shock,
sweep away
put up
gone through
Ⅳ.单句写作
Was about to Give up when
It hit/struck Me that find
It necessary to learn
考点分析
同步训练(共59张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural disasters
Period 3
Discover useful structures
新人教版高中英语必修第一册
Lead in
Let’s discuss!
01
章节 PART
Lead in
观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成:
1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Lead in
What is the common point of the sentences
Lead in
Presentation
定语从句
02
章节 PART
定语从句
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
新知讲解
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
新知讲解
限制性定语从句
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切, 书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语, 关系代词通常可以省略。
新知讲解
限制性定语从句
For example：
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
这里有些可以让你回到正轨的方法。
For example
非限制性定语从句
它只是对先行词作附加补充说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 书写时往往用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
新知讲解
非限制性定语从句
For example：
*(2020·浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence.
饥饿的狗熊跟随着嗅觉来到我们的营地, 营地被高高的铁丝围绕着。
For example
新知讲解
关系代词 先行词 在句子所做的成分
that 人、物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物 主语、宾语
Who 人 主语、宾语
Whom 人 宾语
whose 人、物 定语
as 人、物 主语、宾语、表语
*(2020· 天津高考)“The great man, ”said Mencius, “is he who does not lose his child’s heart. ”
孟子曰: “大人者, 不失其赤子之心者也。”
who代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
新知讲解
whom代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*You are a special teacher whom I will always remember with fond memories.
你是一位很特别的老师, 我将永远记住这些美好回忆。
which代替指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)She wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
她穿着特别设计的肥肥的衣服, 这件衣服让她的体重增加到了180磅。
that代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
她也说道, 可能有很多其他的基因帮助巴瑶族人潜水。
whose代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作定语。其呈现形式为: whose + n. 。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
在古代中国有一位艺术家, 他的画几乎栩栩如生。
as引导限制性定语从句时, 它通常要与 such, as, the same 搭配, 即构成such. . . as, the same. . . as, as/so. . . as这样的固定搭配, 同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
*I am glad to have the same medal as you have.
我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。
the same. . . that/as区别
the same. . . that
表示“同一个”(同一性)
the same. . . as
表示“类似的一个, 而不是同一个”(相似性)
the same. . . that / as区别
*This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)
*I have bought the same watch as you have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的, 非同一个)
For example
关系代词的用法与分类依据
1. 根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;
2. 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;
3. 根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、 宾语或定语。
新知讲解
关系代词只用that而不用which 的情况：
(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
(2)先行词有序数词修饰时
(3)先行词为不定代词, 或被不定代词修饰时
(4)先行词既有人又有物时
(5)先行词前面有the very, the only, the last, the same等修饰时
(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时
新知讲解
(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
*It is the greatest achievement that we have ever made.
这是我们有史以来取得的最大的成就。
先行词有序数词修饰时
*It is the first Winter Olympics that will be held in China.
这是第一届将在中国举办的冬季奥运会。
先行词为all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词, 或被不定代词修饰时
*She listens attentively and tries to catch everything that the teacher says in class.
她听得很专心, 努力学会老师在课上讲授的所有内容。
先行词既有人又有物时
We like talking about the people and things that we saw in the TV play.
我们喜欢谈论在电视剧里看到的人和事。
先行词前面有the very, the only, the last, the same等修饰时
Dad and Mom, my dream is the very one that you always have.
爸爸, 妈妈, 我的梦想就是你们的梦想。
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。
关系代词只用which 而不用that 的情况：
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时
(2)在定语从句中, 关系代词前有介词时
新知讲解
引导非限制性定语从句时
The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast.
我每个春天都喜欢读的第一本书是欧内斯特·海明威的《流动的盛宴》。
在定语从句中, 关系代词前有介词时
Our class participated in an English oral competition, in which we came first.
我们班参加了英语口语比赛, 在比赛中我们获得了第一名。
强调句与定语从句的区别
强调句和定语从句都是由it引导的句型结构构成的, 区别在于强调句中that不充当成分, 但不能被省略; 而定语从句中that充当成分, 并且当充当的成分是宾语时可以被省略。
强调句与定语从句的区别
*It was the student that/who asked the silly question.
就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)
强调句与定语从句的区别
He was the student who asked the silly question.
他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)
Language points
03
章节 PART
1.erupt v（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟）喷出
eruption n.
erupt from
erupt into
erupt violently
volcanic eruption
爆发， 突发
从…喷出
突然变为或发展成(更坏的事)
猛烈地爆发
火山喷发
新知讲解
用法示例
An active volcano may________ at any time.
活火山会随时喷发。
A fight has outside the restaurant.
饭馆外发生了斗殴。
erupt
erupted
新知讲解
2. supply n.pl 供给品；供应量 vt 供应，提供
food/water/gas/electricity supply
supply chain
supply and demand
in short supply
a supply of
食物/水/煤气/电供给
供应链
供求关系
供应不足
一批;许多
新知讲解
用法示例
1 The hospital promises to supply people___________ the best possible medical care.
医院承诺为人们提供最好的医疗保障。
2.Food is__________________ all over the country.
食品在全国各地都供应不足。
with
in short supply
新知讲解
3.in the open air 室外
与air相关的词语:
air alarm
air conditioner
air current
air line
air liner
air show/mail
by air
in the air
on the air
空袭警报
空调机
气流
航空公司;航线
客机
航空表演/航空邮件
乘飞机
在传播中
正在广播
新知讲解
用法示例
Drinking tea ______________ is an agreeable enjoyment.
在露天品茶是种享受.
Since travelling______ is much faster,they decided to take a plane.
因为乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。
in the open air
by air
新知讲解
whistle / w sl /
vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
whistle for help 吹哨求救。（P52）
He scored the winning goal just before the final whistle.
他就在终场哨声前打进了制胜的一球。
新知讲解
用法示例
He a tune as he was walking.
他一边走，一边用口哨吹曲子。
He listened to of a train.
他听着火车呼啸而过。
was whistling
the whistle
新知讲解
Practice
04
章节 PART
高考链接
(2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work，_________ helps them keep fit.
课后习题
which
高考链接
(2018·天津卷)Kate, _____________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia
课后习题
whose
高考链接
(2019·全国I卷)During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes ______ allowed me to keep my high social status.
课后习题
which
高考链接
(2017·北京卷)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives maybe inspirations for great inventions.
课后习题
that
高考链接
(2017 全国Ⅲ卷)But Sarah,__________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well asbeauty.
课后习题
who
高考链接
(2017 全国卷) Like anything, it is possible to have too much fat and salt, ________ is not good for the health.
课后习题
which
1.Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or"/"
Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
课后习题
课后习题
1) Here are some of the people________homes were destroyed by the typhoon"
2) The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people __________were asleep.
3) The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything___________they could find.
4 )Several days later, most of the buildings _____________had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
that或which
that或/
who或that
whose
1.Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or"/"
Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
课后习题
课后习题
5. The injured boy_______________mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6 The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by __________she was resuced.
7 Is this the young boy_____________saved several other students trapped under buildings.
who或that
whom
whose
Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures.
She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
What’s the rescue worker doing
课后习题
Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures.
The people whose city was destroyed by the earthquake.
Who are the people whose tent is being fixed
课后习题
Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures.
The dog, whose job is to search people who are buried in the ruins,has an incredible sense of smell and hearing for finding people in the ruins.
Why is this dog part of the rescue team
课后习题
Summary
05
章节 PART
Summary
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