盐城市伍佑中学
2021—2022学年秋学期高二第一次阶段考试
英语试题
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to buy
A. Some books. B. Some toys. C. Some clothes.
2. What will the man do next
A. Have a break. B. Go on working. C. Try the new restaurant.
3. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a cinema. B. At home. C. In a restaurant.
4. What do we know about the woman
A. She made a mistake. B. She got a pay raise. C. She might feel disappointed.
5. What are the speakers discussing
A. A tourist attraction. B. A kind of tea. C. A picture.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. How is the man feeling now
A. Much better. B. Even worse. C. Very well.
7. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Have some milk. B. Go to the hospital. C. Ask Mr. Kim for leave.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What is the woman probably
A. A student. B. A coach. C. A basketball player.
9. When did the game begin
A.5 minutes ago. B. 7 minutes ago. C.10 minutes ago.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What's the relationship between the speakers
A. Bookseller and customer.
B. Reporter and guest.
C. Interviewer and applicant.
11. What does the woman think of her job
A. Challenging. B. Enjoyable. C. Boring.
12. What will the woman talk about next
A. Her books. B. Her hobbies. C. Her job duties.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13 What mainly made the man hesitate to visit the White House
A. Lack of interest. B. The tight security. C. The historical atmosphere.
14. How did the woman get the tour information
A. From the website. B. From the local paper. C. From the travel guide.
15. Where are the speakers probably now
A. In the White House. B. In a dining hall. C. At an airport.
16. What is the man like
A. Serious. B. Humorous. C. Careful.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did Spanish merchants take to the Americans
A. Corn. B. Wheat. C. Potatoes.
18. Why did Balboa feel surprised
A. He saw the Pacific Ocean. B. There were many jungles. C. Panama was so narrow.
19. When did Francisco Pizarro leave for the Inca Empire
A. In 1513. B. In 1524. C. In 1533.
20. What was the Inca Empire rich in
A. Wildlife. B. Rocks. C. Gold and silver.
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
2021—2022 Cover Art Contest
Want your photo or artwork to appear on the cover of a national magazine Here’s your chance!
Each month, one artist or photographer’s work will be chosen to represent that month’s issue. Check out some part covers to find inspiration for your cover!
Requirements
Submit thematic artwork and photos(preferably of other teens).
Only photos and artwork by teens are considered.
The best images for the cover must be clear close-ups, in color and vertically oriented.
Artwork must be scanned or well photographed(no flash).
TeenInk has a no-tolerance policy for plagiarism. We check the originality of all published work through WriteCheck.
General Guidelines
Submit entries through our website. All photographs and artwork submitted to TeenInk are automatically considered for the cover art contest.
Images are accepted and published throughout the year. If, however, you are sending work that is holiday-specific, please submit it two months ahead.
If you don’t want your name published, we will respect your request and not publish your name in print or online, but we must still have your accurate name and address information.
Prizes
If your submission is chosen as one of our covers, you will receive a $25 gift card as well as a free copy of that month’s issue!
1. Which of the following might be chosen as a cover of TeenInk
A. A drawing of Spider-Man B. A scan of van Gogh’s painting
C. A photo of a sculpture made by a teenager D. A photo of several teenagers taken by their teacher.
2. What should you do if your submission is holiday-specific
A. Ask permission by calling the person in charge. B. Learn about past covers of the magazine.
C. Give a detailed account of your work. D. Submit your work two months before the holiday.
3. What will you get if your work is published in TeenInk
A. The chance to meet great artists.
B. A copy of the magazine for free.
C. A year’s membership of TeenInk for just $25.
D. The opportunity to buy the magazine at its lowest price.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则2021—2022年封面艺术大赛的征文启事，介绍了参赛要求和规则等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Requirements部分中“ Only photos and artwork by teens are considered.； Artwork must be scanned or well photographed(no flash).( 只考虑青少年的照片和艺术品； 艺术品必须扫描或拍摄好——不使用闪光灯)”可知，一个少年做的雕塑的照片可能会被选为TeenInk的封面。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据General Guidelines部分中“If, however, you are sending work that is holiday-specific, please submit it two months ahead.(但是，如果你发送的作品是特定的假期，请提前两个月提交)”可知，如果你提交的是特定的节日，你应该放假前两个月提交你的作品。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“If your submission is chosen as one of our covers, you will receive a $25 gift card as well as a free copy of that month’s issue!(如果您提交的内容被选中为我们的封面之一，您将收到一张价值25美元的礼品卡以及当月发行的免费副本！)”可知，如果你的作品在TeenInk上发表，你会得到一本免费的杂志。故选B。
B
People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.
''This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses,'' study leader Professor Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily.
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.
4. What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold
A. They are quite effective. B. They are slightly helpful.
C. They actually have no effect. D. They still need to be improved.
5. How do antiviral drugs work
A. By breaking up cold viruses directly.
B. By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.
C. By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.
D. By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.
6. What can we infer from the passage
A. The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.
B. Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.
C. Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.
D. Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.
7. What is the best title for this passage
A. Drugs against cold viruses B. Helpful home remedies
C. No current cure for common cold D. Research on cold viruses
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前没有真正能治愈普通感冒的事实，解释了其科学原因，并且介绍了一种可能真正治愈普通感冒的模型。也许，人们很快就会有治愈感冒的方法。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.”可知，然而，关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实：没有什么方法能真正治愈它。由此推测，作者认为普通感冒的流行疗法没有效果。C. They actually have no effect.(它们实际上没有什么效果)符合以上推测，故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus．” 可知，它们通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒。由此可知，抗病毒药物通过改变感冒病毒的表面结构起作用。B. By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.(通过改变感冒病毒的表面结构)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw (拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.”可知，要做到这一点，这种药物必须像拼图游戏的正确部分一样与病毒相匹配并锁定病毒，这意味着科学家必须先识别病毒并建立一个三维模型来研究它的表面，然后才能设计出足够有效的抗病毒药物。由此可知，了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治疗方法的关键。D. Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.(了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治愈方法的关键)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it．”(然而，关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实：没有什么方法能真正治愈它。)可知，文章主要介绍了目前没有真正能治愈普通感冒的事实，解释了其科学原因，并且介绍了一种可能真正治愈普通感冒的模型。也许，人们很快就会有治愈感冒的方法。C. No current cure for common cold(目前还没有治愈普通感冒的方法)可以作为本文标题，对文章进行概括，故选C项。
C
The universe likes to be shy about its age,but astronomers believe they have a pretty good idea of the range.Currently,the most widely accepted age for the universe is around 13.8 billion years,but determining the age of...well,everything,is no easy feat(功绩）.Now.new studies have investigated the question using different methods-and they've come up with two different answers,separated by more than a billion years.
Because the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace,the further away an object is,the faster it appears to be moving away from us.This is expressed as the Hubble constant（哈勃常数），and it's a key factor in figuring out the age of the universe.After all.if we can determine how fast objects moving away from us,we can rewind that process to its beginning-the Big Bang.Researchers from the University of Oregon set out to map the distance to dozens of galaxies The team calculated that the universe is only 12.6 billion years old-that,you might notice is much younger than the 13.8 years usually stated.
In the second study,the method of figuring out the age of the universe is by mapping the oldest light we can detect.We are restoring the' baby photo' of the universe to its original condition, removing the wear and tear of time and space that distorted(扭曲）the image, says Neelima Sehgal, co-author on the study.Only by seeing this sharper baby photo or image of the universe can we more fully understand how our universe was born."In doing so, the researcher determined that the universe is 13.8 billion years old-in agreement with the accepted age.
The real problem though,is that the studies disagree so wildly with each other, to the tune of a billion years.But they are not the only ones-the battle lines are commonly drawn by the methods used. Obviously.more research is heeded to determine where the truth lies.
8. What do we know about the universe from the first two paragraphs
A. It doesn't exist long. B. It becomes larger. C. It runs away. D. It causes the Big Bang.
9. What makes the researchers in the first study think the universe is much younger
A. The speed of moving objects.
B. The number of galaxies.
C. The process of the universe evolution.
D. The distance to other objects.
10. How does Neelima Sehgal explain their method in the second study
A. By referring to a similar thing.
B. By using hard scientific data.
C. By introducing a new concept.
D. By quoting an expert's words.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Whose method is better
B. Which result can you believe
C. How old is the universe
D. Why is the universe so old
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述宇宙的寿命。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由题干要求定位开头两段，由第二段第一句“Because the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace,the further away an object is,the faster it appears to be moving away from us.(因为宇宙以加速的速度扩大，一个物体越远，它看起来就移动得离我们越远)”可知，宇宙变得更大。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。第一个研究，回归到第二段，根据第二段中“Researchers from the University of Oregon set out to map the distance to dozens of galaxies. The team calculated that the universe is only 12.6 billion years old(来自俄勒冈大学的研究者开始着手绘制到几十个星系的距离图。这个团队计算出宇宙只有126亿岁)”可知，是到其他天体的距离使第一个研究中的研究者认为宇宙更年轻。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由题干要求：”NS如何解释研究二的方法 ” 结合原文第三段第二句话“We are restoring the' baby photo' of the universe to its original condition, removing the wear and tear of time and space that distorted(扭曲）the image, says Neelima Sehgal, co-author on the study.(这个研究的联合作者Neelima Sehgal说，我们正在修复宇宙的‘婴儿照片’至原本的状态，移除使形象扭曲的时间及空间的衣服和眼泪)”可知，Neelima Sehgal用一个给婴儿擦眼泪和脱衣服的比喻，比喻最早产生的光在宇宙中变化的逆过程，所以Neelima Sehgal引用了一个相似的事物进行了比喻。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。本篇为科学研究文，文章结构是总-分-总，主旨一般在首段。结合第一段第一句“The universe likes to be shy about its age,but astronomers believe they have a pretty good idea of the range.(宇宙羞于谈及年龄，但是天文学家们相信，他们很清楚这个范围)”及currently,….,separated by more than a billion year.可知，文章主要讲述人们采取不同方法测得的宇宙寿命不同。所以C项“宇宙多大年纪？”适合作为文章标题，故选C项。
D
Seven years ago, Chicago-born Ben Barron took a job with Zurich Insurance Group, an international company headquartered in Switzerland. Barron found that his new colleagues across Europe, who used English as a shared language, had difficulty understanding him.
After taking an in-company e-learning course to help native English speakers communicate better with non-native speakers, Barron slowed down his pace of speaking and avoided phrases and idioms that don’t translate globally.
Barron is one of a small but growing number of native English speakers adapting how he uses his mother tongue. “With non-native English speakers now vastly outnumbering native speakers, the tables are turned,” says Neil Shaw of the British Council. About 1.75 billion people worldwide speak English at a useful level, and by 2022 it’s expected to be two billion. In the Council’s new intercultural fluency courses, native English speakers in countries from Singapore to South Africa have been forced to rethink how they communicate. “It shows that their English isn’t as clear and effective as they think it is,” Shaw says.
“The English language is changing quite differently,” says Robert Gibson, an intercultural consultant. Chinese English, known as Chinglish, and German English, called Denglish, are examples, he says. “English is also developing within organizations. In companies, they have their own style of English which is not necessarily understood by native speakers.”
The most useful change native English speakers can make is to slow down their speech, says Bob Dignen, director of York Associates. Native English speakers on average speak 250 words per minute, while the average non-native speaker is comfortable with around 150 words per minute, Dignen explains. Articulation (清晰发音) is also important, he says. “Instead of ‘I will’ we tend to say ‘I’ll’ and then in fast speech we say ‘ull’, which might cause misunderstandings. ”
“Native English speakers tend to use a communication style that leads to dominance (优势) in terms of talking time with them speaking more than the non-native speaker,” he says. “Shutting up and asking more questions is my suggestion. It makes a huge difference.”
12. What happened to Barron after he took the job in Switzerland
A. He took an e-learning course to study Swiss.
B. He could hardly get along with his colleagues.
C. He became used to adding some idioms to his speech.
D. He often needed to edit his English to put his ideas across.
13. What can be inferred from Shaw’s words in Paragraph 3
A. Standard English might not be understood by many.
B. More and more native English speakers work overseas.
C. Many non-native speakers speak English better than native ones.
D. English has been adopted as a second language in many countries.
14. According to Gibson, how is the English language changing
A. It has more and more varieties.
B. It has more rules for non-native speakers.
C. It is losing its popularity to Chinese and German.
D. It is becoming the official language of many organizations.
15. What does Dignen advise native English speakers to do when they talk with non-native ones
A. Fix their speech speed.
B. Say less and listen more.
C. Avoid asking many questions.
D. Use short forms when necessary.
【答案】12 D 13. A 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章以Barron的经历为例介绍了如今非英语母语人士越来越多，英语发生越来越多的变化，希望英语母语人士试着改变沟通风格，才能和非英语母语人士更好的沟通。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Barron found that his new colleagues across Europe, who used English as a shared language, had difficulty understanding him. 巴伦发现，他在欧洲的新同事们都把英语作为共同语言，很难听懂他的话”和第二段“After taking an in-company e-learning course to help native English speakers communicate better with non-native speakers, Barron slowed down his pace of speaking and avoided phrases and idioms that don’t translate globally. 在参加了公司内部的网络学习课程，帮助以英语为母语的人更好地与非英语为母语的人交流之后，巴伦放慢了说话的速度，并避免使用无法在全球范围内翻译的短语和习语”可知，巴伦参加工作后，要想让自己的英语能够更好的被理解，需要放慢语速，并且尽可能使用非英语为母语的人能听懂的语言说话，故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“With non-native English speakers now vastly outnumbering native speakers, the tables are turned,” says Neil Shaw of the British Council. About 1.75 billion people worldwide speak English at a useful level, and by 2022 it’s expected to be two billion. In the Council’s new intercultural fluency courses, native English speakers in countries from Singapore to South Africa have been forced to rethink how they communicate. “It shows that their English isn’t as clear and effective as they think it is,” Shaw says.”可知，英国文化协会的尼尔 肖表示：“如今，非英语母语人士的人数大大超过英语母语人士，形势发生了逆转。”在理事会新的跨文化流利课程中，从新加坡到南非，以英语为母语的人被迫重新思考他们的沟通方式。“这表明他们的英语并不像他们认为的那样清晰和有效，”肖说。由此可知，非英语母语人士的人数越来越多，而英语为母语的人如果不改变他们的沟通方式，将有越来越多的人无法理解他们，也就是说很多人会不理解标准英语，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The English language is changing quite differently,” says Robert Gibson, an intercultural consultant. … he says. “English is also developing within organizations. In companies, they have their own style of English which is not necessarily understood by native speakers.” 可知，跨文化顾问罗伯特 吉布森表示：“英语正在发生翻天覆地的变化。”他说，中国英语和德国英语就是两个例子。“英语在企业内部也在发展。在公司里，他们有自己的英语风格，而以英语为母语的人不一定能理解”。由此可知，英语会有越来越多的变化。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Native English speakers tend to use a communication style that leads to dominance (优势) in terms of talking time with them speaking more than the non-native speaker,” he says. “Shutting up and asking more questions is my suggestion. It makes a huge difference.”可知，Dignen说：“以英语为母语的人倾向于使用一种沟通风格，这种风格导致他们在交谈时间上占主导地位，比非英语母语的人说得更多，我的建议是闭嘴，多问问题。这有很大的不同”，由此可知，Dignen建议以英语为母语的人要多听，少说话，故选B。
【点睛】
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5 分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It happens all the time-you are standing on a bus, listening to music, when you feel someone's breath on the back of your neck. You think to yourself: Is this person getting too close to me The answer is yes. Everyone has a sense of personal space.____16____
According to a new study, the size of the space is different for different people,____17____reported Los Angeles Times. In the study, researchers from University College of London asked volunteers to hold their hands at different distances from their face. They then gave them an electric shock on their hand while measuring how often the volunteers blinked. The more they blinked(眨眼),___18___
The results among volunteers were a little different, but the average personal space was 20 to 40 centimeters. Researchers also found that the more anxious a person was, the larger their personal space was because they were more sensitive.
Besides psychological factors,___19___. For example, a person who grew up in a country that hugs a lot has less of a problem with strangers getting too close than a person who grew up in one with more distance between people.
___20___"If you are chatting to someone in your living room, you won't have a large safety margin(界限)at all," explained researcher Gian Domenico Iannetti. "But if you are walking through a dangerous area, then that will be much bigger." Sadly, sometimes people just don't understand the idea of personal space and keep getting into yours. Whenever that happens, rather than trying to step backwards, researchers suggest that you "create a new space" by turning to wave at someone passing by or to get something out of your bag.
A. But how big is this space
B. it shows that they are worried about their hands.
C. the more of a threat they felt the shock was to their face.
D. but generally it is between 20 to 40 centimeters in front of the face.
E. culture is also thought to be able to change your personal space.
F. People's senses of personal space also depend on the environments they are in.
G. It is clear that people's senses of personal space is considered to be very important.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在一些公共社交场合中，你是否有时会觉得他人和自己靠的太近，从而在心理上感到不适。其实，这是因为，他侵入了你的“个人空间”。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Everyone has a sense of personal space.”（每个人都有个人空间感。）和下文“According to a new study, the size of the space is different for different people”（根据一项新的研究，空间的大小对不同的人是不同的）可知，设空处承上启下，询问空间的大小。A项：But how big is this space （但是这个空间有多大呢？）符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据上文“According to a new study, the size of the space is different for different people”（根据一项新的研究，空间的大小对不同的人是不同的）可知，设空处跟具体的大小有关，D项：but generally it is between 20 to 40 centimeters in front of the face.（但通常是在面部前方20到40厘米之间。）符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据句型“the more...... the more…...”可知句意：眨眼的频率越高，说明他们认为电击对自己面部的威胁程度越高。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上句的besides...和下句中的also...可知：“除了心理因素之外，文化也被认为能够影响个人空间的大小。”以及接下来所谈到的不同文化的空间感，E项：culture is also thought to be able to change your personal space.（文化也被认为能够改变你的个人空间。）符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
设空处是本段的主题句。根据下文“"If you are chatting to someone in your living room, you won't have a large safety margin at all," explained researcher Gian Domenico Iannetti. "But if you are walking through a dangerous area, then that will be much bigger." （研究人员Gian Domenico Iannetti解释说:“如果你在客厅里和某人聊天，你根本就没有很大的安全极限。”“但如果你正穿过一个危险区域，那就会大得多。”） 可知，人们对不同环境下空间概念不同，F项：People's senses of personal space also depend on the environments they are in.（人们的个人空间感也取决于他们所处的环境。）符合语境。故选F。
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My brother Ethan and I are twins. We were ____21____ in matching clothes. We looked the same. As we grew, Ethan and I were eager to establish ____22____ identities. We made different friends, wore different clothes. In high school we often ____23____ talking to each other. Then we chose different ____24____ and were living apart for the first time in our lives.
This was ____25____ to me: life without a twin , without people mixing me up with Ethan. But the ____26____ also terrified me. A lone at college, I felt like I had lost something.
In some ways, being apart brought Ethan and me closer together. ____27____ we were at colleges in different states, we began calling each other. I can't remember who ____28____ who first, and we never talked about emotions, or philosophy, or about any severe topic. We'd just give little ____29____, “I haven't slept in 24 hours.” “I just ate a huge hamburger.” At the ____30____ of my long-distance chats with Ethan, he'd hang up, and I'd be alone again in my room.
The ____31____ allowed us to ____32____ out what we actually like about each other. So we really gained something by crossing the miles.
Ethan and I are ____33____ together again for now, back in our childhood home, along with my parents and my sister. We stay UP late playing video games, cracking jokes, belly-laughing softly so we don't ____34____ others. We still seldom talk about serious ____35____. Ethan often makes fun of me. It's nice, not being alone.
21 A. built B. covered C. dressed D. raised
22. A. similar B. separate C. fantastic D. memorable
23. A. avoided B. liked C. kept D. stopped
24. A. jobs B. colleges C. homes D. dreams
25. A. interesting B. challenging C. rewarding D. exciting
26. A. emotion B. thought C. change D. position
27. A. Generally B. Then C. Therefore D. Once
28. A. called B. told C. helped D. asked
29. A. gifts B. comments C. updates D. details
30. A. edge B. end C. bottom D. time
31. A. distance B. direction C. experience D. knowledge
32. A. point B. take C. look D. figure
33. A. working B. studying C. living D. leaving
34. A. awake B. accompany C. notice D. hurt
35. A. problems B. topics C. words D. ideas
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和双胞胎哥哥Ethan在成长的过程中渴望建立各自独立的身份，因此两人选择穿不同的衣服，做不同的事情，甚至选择就读不同的大学。但是上大学之后，距离让兄弟俩互相牵挂，也让他们明白了兄弟之间互相陪伴的重要性。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们穿着相同的衣服。A. built建造；B. covered覆盖；C. dressed穿着；D. raised抚养，提高。根据下文“We looked the same.”可知，作者和哥哥看起来一样。他们穿着相同的衣服。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着我们的成长，我和Ethan渴望建立各自的身份。A. similar相似的；B. separate各自的；C. fantastic奇异的，不可思议的；D. memorable难忘的。根据下文“We made different friends, wore different clothes.”可知，随着兄弟两人的成长，他们渴望建立各自独立的身份。他们结交不同的朋友，穿不同的衣服。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在高中时，我们经常避免互相交谈。A. avoided避免；B. liked喜欢；C. kept保持；D. stopped停止。根据前文“We made different friends, wore different clothes. ”可知，因为交不同朋友，穿不同朋友，由此可知，上高中的时候，兄弟俩经常避免互相交谈。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我们选择了不同的大学，这是我们人生中第一次分开生活。A. jobs工作；B. colleges大学；C. homes家；D. dreams梦想。根据下文“Alone at college, I felt like I had lost something.”及语境可知，作者独自在大学里，感觉好像丢了什么东西。此处表示兄弟俩选择了不同的大学，他们人生中第一次分开生活。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我很兴奋:没有双胞胎的生活，没有人把我和Ethan搞混。A. interesting有趣的；B. challenging挑战的；C. rewarding值得的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据下文中的“life without a twin, without people mixing me up with Ethan”及语境可知，作者因没有Ethan的生活，没有人将他和Ethan混为一谈而感到兴奋。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这种变化也让我感到害怕。A. emotion情感；B. thought想法；C. change改变；D. position位置。根据语境可知，作者因没有双胞胎哥哥Ethan的生活而感觉很兴奋。但这种变化，也让作者感到害怕。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一旦当我们在不同的州上大学时，我们开始互相打电话。A. Generally通常；B. Then然后；C. Therefore因此；D. Once一旦。根据下文中的“we began calling each other”及语境可知，当兄弟俩在不同地区的大学就读时，他们开始互相打电话。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不记得是谁先给谁打了电话，我们从来没有谈论过情感、哲学或任何严肃的话题。A. called打电话；B. told告诉；C. helped帮助；D. asked问。根据上文中的“we began calling each other”及语境可知，上大学之后兄弟俩开始互相打电话，作者已经不记得是谁先打给了谁。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们只是发布一些最新消息，“我24小时没睡了。”A. gifts礼物；B. comments评论；C. updates最近的行为或者事情；D. details细节。根据上文中的“we never talked about emotions, or philosophy, or about any severe topic”及语境可知，兄弟俩从不谈论情感、哲学或者任何严肃的话题。他们谈论的都是最近发生的小事。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我和Ethan的长途聊天结束后，他会挂掉电话，我又回到自己的房间里。A. edge边缘；B. end结束；C. bottom底部；D. time时间。根据下文中的“he'd hang up, and I'd be alone again in my room”可知，在与Ethan的长途聊天结束后，Ethan 挂断了电话，作者再一次一个人待在房间里。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：距离让我们知道我们到底喜欢对方什么。A. distance距离；B. direction方向；C. experience经验，经历；D. knowledge知识。根据下文中的“by crossing the miles”可知，兄弟俩在不同的地区上学，距离使他们想明白了彼此间真正喜欢的是什么。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。四个选项可以和空后out构成固定短语。A point out指出；B. take out取出；C. look out留神，注意，当心；D. figure out想明白。根据下文中的“what we actually like about each other”可知，距离使兄弟俩想明白了彼此间真正喜欢的是什么。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和Ethan现在又住在一起了，回到了我们小时候的家里，还有我的父母和妹妹。A. working工作；B. studying学习；C. living生活；D. leaving离开。根据下文中的“together again for now, back in our childhood home, along with my parents and my sister”可知，现在兄弟俩又生活在一起了，回到了他们童年时代的家，和他们的父母和妹妹住在一起。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们熬夜打电子游戏，讲笑话，轻声笑，这样就不会吵醒别人。A. awake使醒来；B. accompany陪伴；C. notice注意；D. hurt伤害。根据语境可知，兄弟俩熬夜玩游戏，开玩笑，小声地笑，这样他们不会吵醒其他人。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们仍然很少谈论严肃的话题。A. problems问题；B. topics话题；C. words话语；D. ideas想法。根据上文中的“and we never talked about emotions, or philosophy, or about any severe topic”可知，兄弟俩从不谈论情感、哲学或者任何严肃的话题。因此他们现在依然很少谈论严肃的话题。故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词使句子完整。
36. Nevertheless, journalism is still __________ the Pulitzer Prizes are best known for.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：尽管如此，新闻业仍然是普利策奖最为人所知的领域。分析句子可知，空格后为表语从句，连接代词what引导从句，在从句中作介词for的宾语，意为“……的人或事物”。故填what。
37. I was about to have a bath __________ I heard people screaming and dogs bark. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：我正要洗澡，突然听到人们的尖叫以及狗叫声。短语be about to do when...“正要做...突然...”，故填when。
38. We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts, __________ the second talks more about deaths and injuries. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】while
【解析】
分析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：我们可以看到，第一篇新闻报道更多地关注救援工作，而第二篇则更多地谈论伤亡问题。根据句意可知，逗号前后内容为对比关系，故空格处应用“while”，意为“而，然而”，连词词性，表示对比或转折。故填while。
39. As media channels have grown in number and type, __________ have advertisements. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】so
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：随着媒体渠道数量和类型的增长，广告也在增长。根据句意和句子结构可知，“_____ have advertisements”为倒装句，句中涉及“so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”结构，意为“……也是”，表示前句所述的肯定的情况也适用于另一主语，故空格处应用“so”。故填so。
40. Based on the psychology __________ creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】behind
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：基于创造购买欲望背后的心理学，广告商已经开发出说服人们购买他们的产品或服务的方法。根据前文“the psychology”以及后文“creating a desire to buy”句意可知，此处应用介词behind和后文构成介词短语作后置定语，逻辑合理。故填behind。
41. This idiom is often used to talk about situations __________ people fail after wasting three chances. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个成语经常用来形容人们在浪费了三次机会后失败的情况。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“situations”，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词“where”引导从句。故填where。
42. __________ my lack of running experience, I agreed. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Despite
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管我缺乏跑步经验，我还是同意了。根据句意以及后文名词短语my lack of running experience可知，此处应用介词despite“尽管”构成介词短语，逻辑合理。句子首字母大写，故填Despite。
43. The nursing home, located on a housing estate, has more than 150 senior citizens, some of __________ are over 90 years old. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whom
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家养老院位于一个住宅区，有150多名老年人，其中一些人已经90多岁了。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为citizens，根据前文some of可知，关系代词whom引导从句，作介词宾语，指代人。故填whom。
44. The history of advertising has always been closely linked with __________ of the mass media. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：广告业的历史总是与大众媒体的历史紧密相关。根据句意可知，是广告业的历史和大众媒体的历史关系紧密，空处代指前面的“ the history”，指代the +名词，应用that，故填that。
45. There is concern __________ the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有人担心建造塔楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规则。分析句子结构可知，空处后面的句子“the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.”(建造塔楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规则)是对concern(担心)的解释，所以是同位语从句，且从句不缺任何成分，故用that。
第三节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据首字母或所给中文的适当形式填空。
46. The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a c__________ condition. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】critical##ritical
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：大火还造成数十人受伤，其中5人伤势严重。根据单词首字母和句意“严重的”及后文名词condition可知，此处应用形容词critical作定语。修饰名词。故填critical。
47. Even if new reports are written from basically the same p__________, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】perspective##erspective
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：即使新的报告是从基本相同的观点写的，它们也可能在事实细节方面相互矛盾。根据单词首字母以及句意“观点”可知，空格处应用“perspective”，意为“观点，态度”，为可数名词，根据空格前“same”可知，空格处应用“perspective”的单数形式，在句中作宾语。故填perspective。
48. With great d__________ , every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】discrimination##iscrimination
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们每个人都有巨大的辨别力，都有成为批判性新闻读者的潜力。根据单词首字母和句意“辨别力”以及前文介词With可知，此处应用不可数名词discrimination，作介词宾语。故填discrimination。
49. The majority of these sports are i__________ to those at the Olympics, but other sports, such as wushu, have been added too. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】identical##dentical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些运动中的大部分项目是与奥运会上的那些相同，但是其他运动，例如武术也已经被加入。根据首字母和句意可知，空处填形容词identical，表示“相同的”，作表语，故填identical。
50. Motivated by the Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the b__________ of human achievement. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】boundaries##oundaries
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：受奥林匹克格言“更快，更高，更强”的激励，许多著名的男女运动员都致力于取得卓越的运动成就和推动人类成就的极限。结合句意及首字母可知，boundary“疆界”可数名词，作宾语，符合句意，结合句意，推进的不止一项极限，要使用可数名词的复数形式，故填boundaries/oundaries。
51. When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own, the coach will__________ (真正地，确实) throw a towel into the ring to end the fight. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】literally#indeed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：当一名拳击手输得很惨，太累或太困惑而不能自己放弃时，教练确实会向拳击场扔一条毛巾以结束比赛。分析句子可知，句中“throw”为动词，前面应用副词修饰，根据汉语提示“真正地，确实”可知，空格处应用“literally”，意为“真正地，确实地”，副词词性，在句中作状语，也可用indeed表示“确实”，故填literally/indeed。
52. When we read more than one report, we come to understand an event in a more __________ (全面的) way. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】comprehensive
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我们阅读一份以上的报告时，我们会以更全面的方式来理解一个事件。根据汉语提示可知，comprehensive全面的，形容词作定语修饰空后way，符合题意。故填comprehensive。
53. Now, advertising is becoming more digital and more__________ （个性化）. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】personalized##personalised##individualized
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：现在，广告正变得更加数字化和个性化。分析句子结构可知，and并列连接两个形容词比较级作表语，“个性化的”表示为“personalized/personalised/individualized”,故答案为personalized/personalised/individualized。
54. However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even__________ (矛盾的) information. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，我们通常发现关于同一事件的报道含有不同甚至相互矛盾的信息。根据汉语提示可知，contradictory矛盾的，形容词作定语修饰名词information，符合题意。故填contradictory。
55. In an interview she revealed that the secret of her__________ (始终如一的)good performance was the training that she never missed. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】consistent
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在一次采访中，她透露，她一直表现良好的秘密是她始终如一的训练。根据汉语提示可知，consistent始终如一的，形容词作定语修饰名词performance，符合题意。故填consistent。
第四节用所给词的适当形式或适当时态语态填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
56. Secondly, you must have a natural __________ (curious) about things that are happening even though they may appear to be minor matters. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】curiosity
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：其次，你必须对正在发生的事情有一种自然的好奇心，即使它们可能看起来是次要的事情。根据前文不定冠词a可知，此处应用curious的名词curiosity单数形式，作宾语，（curiosity“好奇心”是不可数名词，这里前面有a修饰，是抽象名词具体化）。故填curiosity。
57. The variety and __________ (access) of online news means that the rapid rise of online news media is unlikely to stop. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】accessibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：网络新闻的多样性和可获取性意味着网络新闻媒体的快速崛起不太可能停止。结合句意，分析句子可知，提示词access和名词variety是并列关系，是句子主语，应使用其名词accessibility，表示“可获取；可及性”，抽象名词，不可数。故填accessibility。
58. Since sport is an __________ (separate) part of day-to-day life, there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】inseparable
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，有许多体育习语已经进入日常语言。根据句意以及后文名词part可知，此处应用separate的反义的形容词inseparable“不可分割的”作定语，修饰名词，逻辑合理。故填inseparable。
59. The focus is on building bridges between different cultures, so there are competitions __________ (feature) mixed teams, such as mixed swimming relays. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】featuring
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目的重点是在不同文化之间搭建桥梁，因此有以混合团队为特色的比赛，如混合游泳接力赛。分析可知，非谓语动词feature“以……为特色”和前文名词competitions之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故填featuring。
60. There is an old and very wise saying, __________ (repeat) many times, “Win with humility, lose with grace, and do both with dignity.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】repeated
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一句古老而非常明智的谚语，被重复了很多次，“胜不骄，败不馁，两样都要有尊严。”分析句子可知，句中有系动词“is”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“repeat”意为“重复”，动词词性，句中“saying”和“repeat”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“repeat”的过去分词“repeated”，作后置定语修饰“saying”。故填repeated。
61. If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests, they are said __________ (score) an own goal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to have scored
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果某人犯了一个严重的错误，无意中损害了自己的利益，他们就被称为得了（踢进了）一个乌龙球。分析可知，此处句型为sb is said to do sth，不定式作主语补足语，非谓语动词score发生在谓语动作之前，故用其不定式的完成式（to have done）表达。故填to have scored。
62. The past decades __________ (witness) the rapid development of online news media. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have witnessed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：过去的几十年见证了网络新闻媒体的快速发展。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少谓语，根据“the past decades”可知，句子表达的是“从过去到现在已经见证了”，应用现在完成时，主语是“the past decades”是复数，应用have witnessed，故填have witnessed。
63. When O'Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time that he __________ (win) it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had won
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：当奥尼尔在1957年收到普利策戏剧奖的时候，这是他第四次获得这个奖项。分析句子结构可知，本句使用了固定结构It was+the first/second/third...time that+从句（过去完成时）“这是某人第一次/二次/三次……做某事”，故填had won。
64. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what __________ just __________ (achieve). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 ①. had been ②. achieved
【解析】
【详解】考查时态及被动语态。句意：当我的呼吸恢复正常，我反思了刚刚取得的成就。结合句意可知，reflect“反思”发生在过去，achieve“取得”发生在此之前，是过去的过去，要使用过去完成时，而what与achieve之间又为被动关系，要使用过去完成时的被动语态，故填①had been②achieved。
65. He felt that his talents ________ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】were being wasted
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：作为一名篮球运动员，他感到自己的天赋一直被浪费了，渴望改变。此处从句缺乏谓语，从句主语his talents和从句谓语waste是被动关系，结合 felt (一般过去时)和意义“一直被浪费”可知，此处用过去进行时的被动语态（was/were being done），从句主语his talents复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were being wasted。
第四部分写作（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，在今年的寒假期间，你的好友Tom迷上了网络新闻，请你帮他分析一下网络新闻的利弊，用英文给他一封建议信。
内容包括：
1. 获取最新新闻；减少纸使用等： 2. 存在虚假信息；易误导大众； 3. 建议。
注意：
1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：网络新闻Internet news
Dear Tom,
I’m writing to tell you that Internet news has both advantages and disadvantages.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
I’m writing to tell you that the Internet news has both advantages and disadvantages.
With the help of the Internet, we can use our mobile phones or other devices to get the latest information in a short time. In addition, by reading the Internet news, we can reduce the use of paper, which is beneficial to the environment. However, the Internet news is also flooded with false information, which misleads people easily. With all of that information, the critical-thinking skill is necessary so that you are not tricked.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信，帮好友Tom分析一下网络新闻的利弊并给出建议。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.表明写信目的
2.分析相关情况
1）网络新闻的好处。（advantages）
2）网络新闻的弊端。（disadvantages）
3) 建议。（advice）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
both...and...; with the help of; latest; in a short time; be beneficial to; be flooded with; necessary;look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. I’m writing to tell you that Internet news has both advantages and disadvantages.
2. With the help of Internet, we can use our mobile phones or other devices to get the latest information in a short time.
3. we can reduce the use of paper, which is beneficial to the environment.
4. However, Internet news are also flooded with false information,
5.the critical-thinking skill is necessary so that you are not tricked.
6. Looking forward to your early reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：In addition, by reading Internet news, we can reduce the use of paper, which is beneficial to the environment. 这句话运用了which引导的定语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如with the help of; be beneficial to; look forward to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。盐城市伍佑中学
2021—2022学年秋学期高二第一次阶段考试
英语试题
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to buy
A. Some books. B. Some toys. C. Some clothes.
2. What will the man do next
A. Have a break. B. Go on working. C. Try the new restaurant.
3. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a cinema. B. At home. C. In a restaurant.
4. What do we know about the woman
A. She made a mistake. B. She got a pay raise. C. She might feel disappointed.
5. What are the speakers discussing
A. A tourist attraction. B. A kind of tea. C. A picture.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. How is the man feeling now
A. Much better. B. Even worse. C. Very well.
7. What does the woman suggest the man do
A. Have some milk. B. Go to the hospital. C. Ask Mr. Kim for leave.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What is the woman probably
A. A student. B. A coach. C. A basketball player.
9. When did the game begin
A.5 minutes ago. B. 7 minutes ago. C.10 minutes ago.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What's the relationship between the speakers
A. Bookseller and customer.
B. Reporter and guest.
C. Interviewer and applicant.
11. What does the woman think of her job
A. Challenging. B. Enjoyable. C. Boring.
12. What will the woman talk about next
A. Her books. B. Her hobbies. C. Her job duties.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What mainly made the man hesitate to visit the White House
A. Lack of interest. B. The tight security. C. The historical atmosphere.
14. How did the woman get the tour information
A. From the website. B. From the local paper. C. From the travel guide.
15. Where are the speakers probably now
A. In the White House. B. In a dining hall. C. At an airport.
16. What is the man like
A. Serious. B. Humorous. C. Careful.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What did Spanish merchants take to the Americans
A. Corn. B. Wheat. C. Potatoes.
18. Why did Balboa feel surprised
A. He saw the Pacific Ocean. B. There were many jungles. C. Panama was so narrow.
19. When did Francisco Pizarro leave for the Inca Empire
A. In 1513. B. In 1524. C. In 1533.
20. What was the Inca Empire rich in
A. Wildlife. B. Rocks. C. Gold and silver.
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
2021—2022 Cover Art Contest
Want your photo or artwork to appear on the cover of a national magazine Here’s your chance!
Each month, one artist or photographer’s work will be chosen to represent that month’s issue. Check out some part covers to find inspiration for your cover!
Requirements
Submit thematic artwork and photos(preferably of other teens).
Only photos and artwork by teens are considered.
The best images for the cover must be clear close-ups, in color and vertically oriented.
Artwork must be scanned or well photographed(no flash).
TeenInk has a no-tolerance policy for plagiarism. We check the originality of all published work through WriteCheck.
General Guidelines
Submit entries through our website. All photographs and artwork submitted to TeenInk are automatically considered for the cover art contest.
Images are accepted and published throughout the year. If, however, you are sending work that is holiday-specific, please submit it two months ahead.
If you don’t want your name published, we will respect your request and not publish your name in print or online, but we must still have your accurate name and address information.
Prizes
If your submission is chosen as one of our covers you will receive a $25 gift card as well as a free copy of that month’s issue!
1. Which of the following might be chosen as a cover of TeenInk
A. A drawing of Spider-Man B. A scan of van Gogh’s painting
C. A photo of a sculpture made by a teenager D. A photo of several teenagers taken by their teacher.
2. What should you do if your submission is holiday-specific
A. Ask permission by calling the person in charge. B. Learn about past covers of the magazine.
C. Give a detailed account of your work. D. Submit your work two months before the holiday.
3. What will you get if your work is published in TeenInk
A. The chance to meet great artists.
B. A copy of the magazine for free.
C. A year’s membership of TeenInk for just $25.
D. The opportunity to buy the magazine at its lowest price.
B
People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B. But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.
''This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses,'' study leader Professor Ann C. Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily.
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.
4. What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold
A. They are quite effective. B. They are slightly helpful.
C. They actually have no effect. D. They still need to be improved.
5. How do antiviral drugs work
A. By breaking up cold viruses directly.
B. By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.
C. By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.
D. By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.
6. What can we infer from the passage
A. The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.
B. Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.
C. Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.
D. Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.
7. What is the best title for this passage
A. Drugs against cold viruses B. Helpful home remedies
C. No current cure for common cold D. Research on cold viruses
C
The universe likes to be shy about its age,but astronomers believe they have a pretty good idea of the range.Currently,the most widely accepted age for the universe is around 13.8 billion years,but determining the age of...well,everything,is no easy feat(功绩）.Now.new studies have investigated the question using different methods-and they've come up with two different answers,separated by more than a billion years.
Because the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace,the further away an object is,the faster it appears to be moving away from us.This is expressed as the Hubble constant（哈勃常数），and it's a key factor in figuring out the age of the universe.After all.if we can determine how fast objects moving away from us,we can rewind that process to its beginning-the Big Bang.Researchers from the University of Oregon set out to map the distance to dozens of galaxies The team calculated that the universe is only 12.6 billion years old-that,you might notice is much younger than the 13.8 years usually stated.
In the second study,the method of figuring out the age of the universe is by mapping the oldest light we can detect.We are restoring the' baby photo' of the universe to its original condition, removing the wear and tear of time and space that distorted(扭曲）the image, says Neelima Sehgal, co-author on the study.Only by seeing this sharper baby photo or image of the universe can we more fully understand how our universe was born."In doing so, the researcher determined that the universe is 13.8 billion years old-in agreement with the accepted age.
The real problem though,is that the studies disagree so wildly with each other, to the tune of a billion years.But they are not the only ones-the battle lines are commonly drawn by the methods used. Obviously.more research is heeded to determine where the truth lies.
8. What do we know about the universe from the first two paragraphs
A. It doesn't exist long. B. It becomes larger. C. It runs away. D. It causes the Big Bang.
9. What makes the researchers in the first study think the universe is much younger
A. The speed of moving objects.
B. The number of galaxies.
C The process of the universe evolution.
D. The distance to other objects.
10. How does Neelima Sehgal explain their method in the second study
A. By referring to a similar thing.
B. By using hard scientific data.
C. By introducing a new concept.
D. By quoting an expert's words.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Whose method is better
B. Which result can you believe
C. How old is the universe
D. Why is the universe so old
D
Seven years ago Chicago-born Ben Barron took a job with Zurich Insurance Group, an international company headquartered in Switzerland. Barron found that his new colleagues across Europe, who used English as a shared language, had difficulty understanding him.
After taking an in-company e-learning course to help native English speakers communicate better with non-native speakers, Barron slowed down his pace of speaking and avoided phrases and idioms that don’t translate globally.
Barron is one of a small but growing number of native English speakers adapting how he uses his mother tongue. “With non-native English speakers now vastly outnumbering native speakers, the tables are turned,” says Neil Shaw of the British Council. About 1.75 billion people worldwide speak English at a useful level, and by 2022 it’s expected to be two billion. In the Council’s new intercultural fluency courses, native English speakers in countries from Singapore to South Africa have been forced to rethink how they communicate. “It shows that their English isn’t as clear and effective as they think it is,” Shaw says.
“The English language is changing quite differently,” says Robert Gibson, an intercultural consultant. Chinese English, known as Chinglish, and German English, called Denglish, are examples, he says. “English is also developing within organizations. In companies, they have their own style of English which is not necessarily understood by native speakers.”
The most useful change native English speakers can make is to slow down their speech, says Bob Dignen, director of York Associates. Native English speakers on average speak 250 words per minute, while the average non-native speaker is comfortable with around 150 words per minute, Dignen explains. Articulation (清晰发音) is also important, he says. “Instead of ‘I will’ we tend to say ‘I’ll’ and then in fast speech we say ‘ull’, which might cause misunderstandings. ”
“Native English speakers tend to use a communication style that leads to dominance (优势) in terms of talking time with them speaking more than the non-native speaker,” he says. “Shutting up and asking more questions is my suggestion. It makes a huge difference.”
12. What happened to Barron after he took the job in Switzerland
A. He took an e-learning course to study Swiss.
B. He could hardly get along with his colleagues.
C. He became used to adding some idioms to his speech.
D. He often needed to edit his English to put his ideas across.
13. What can be inferred from Shaw’s words in Paragraph 3
A. Standard English might not be understood by many.
B. More and more native English speakers work overseas.
C. Many non-native speakers speak English better than native ones.
D. English has been adopted as a second language in many countries.
14. According to Gibson, how is the English language changing
A. It has more and more varieties.
B. It has more rules for non-native speakers.
C. It is losing its popularity to Chinese and German.
D It is becoming the official language of many organizations.
15. What does Dignen advise native English speakers to do when they talk with non-native ones
A. Fix their speech speed.
B. Say less and listen more.
C. Avoid asking many questions.
D. Use short forms when necessary.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5 分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It happens all the time-you are standing on a bus, listening to music, when you feel someone's breath on the back of your neck. You think to yourself: Is this person getting too close to me The answer is yes. Everyone has a sense of personal space.____16____
According to a new study, the size of the space is different for different people,____17____reported Los Angeles Times. In the study, researchers from University College of London asked volunteers to hold their hands at different distances from their face. They then gave them an electric shock on their hand while measuring how often the volunteers blinked. The more they blinked(眨眼),___18___
The results among volunteers were a little different, but the average personal space was 20 to 40 centimeters. Researchers also found that the more anxious a person was, the larger their personal space was because they were more sensitive.
Besides psychological factors,___19___. For example, a person who grew up in a country that hugs a lot has less of a problem with strangers getting too close than a person who grew up in one with more distance between people.
___20___"If you are chatting to someone in your living room, you won't have a large safety margin(界限)at all," explained researcher Gian Domenico Iannetti. "But if you are walking through a dangerous area, then that will be much bigger." Sadly, sometimes people just don't understand the idea of personal space and keep getting into yours. Whenever that happens, rather than trying to step backwards, researchers suggest that you "create a new space" by turning to wave at someone passing by or to get something out of your bag.
A But how big is this space
B. it shows that they are worried about their hands.
C. the more of a threat they felt the shock was to their face.
D. but generally it is between 20 to 40 centimeters in front of the face.
E. culture is also thought to be able to change your personal space.
F. People's senses of personal space also depend on the environments they are in.
G. It is clear that people's senses of personal space is considered to be very important.
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My brother Ethan and I are twins. We were ____21____ in matching clothes. We looked the same. As we grew, Ethan and I were eager to establish ____22____ identities. We made different friends, wore different clothes. In high school we often ____23____ talking to each other. Then we chose different ____24____ and were living apart for the first time in our lives.
This was ____25____ to me: life without a twin , without people mixing me up with Ethan. But the ____26____ also terrified me. A lone at college, I felt like I had lost something.
In some ways, being apart brought Ethan and me closer together. ____27____ we were at colleges in different states, we began calling each other. I can't remember who ____28____ who first, and we never talked about emotions, or philosophy, or about any severe topic. We'd just give little ____29____, “I haven't slept in 24 hours.” “I just ate a huge hamburger.” At the ____30____ of my long-distance chats with Ethan, he'd hang up, and I'd be alone again in my room.
The ____31____ allowed us to ____32____ out what we actually like about each other. So we really gained something by crossing the miles.
Ethan and I are ____33____ together again for now, back in our childhood home, along with my parents and my sister. We stay UP late playing video games, cracking jokes, belly-laughing softly so we don't ____34____ others. We still seldom talk about serious ____35____. Ethan often makes fun of me. It's nice, not being alone.
21. A. built B. covered C. dressed D. raised
22. A. similar B. separate C. fantastic D. memorable
23. A. avoided B. liked C. kept D. stopped
24. A. jobs B. colleges C. homes D. dreams
25. A. interesting B. challenging C. rewarding D. exciting
26. A. emotion B. thought C. change D. position
27. A. Generally B. Then C. Therefore D. Once
28. A. called B. told C. helped D. asked
29. A. gifts B. comments C. updates D. details
30. A. edge B. end C. bottom D. time
31. A. distance B. direction C. experience D. knowledge
32. A. point B. take C. look D. figure
33. A. working B. studying C. living D. leaving
34. A. awake B. accompany C. notice D. hurt
35. A. problems B. topics C. words D. ideas
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词使句子完整。
36. Nevertheless, journalism is still __________ the Pulitzer Prizes are best known for.(用适当的词填空)
37. I was about to have a bath __________ I heard people screaming and dogs bark. (用适当的词填空)
38. We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts, __________ the second talks more about deaths and injuries. (用适当的词填空)
39. As media channels have grown in number and type, __________ have advertisements. (用适当的词填空)
40. Based on the psychology __________ creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services. (用适当的词填空)
41. This idiom is often used to talk about situations __________ people fail after wasting three chances. (用适当的词填空)
42. __________ my lack of running experience, I agreed. (用适当的词填空)
43. The nursing home, located on a housing estate, has more than 150 senior citizens, some of __________ are over 90 years old. (用适当的词填空)
44. The history of advertising has always been closely linked with __________ of the mass media. (用适当的词填空)
45. There is concern __________ the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules. (用适当的词填空)
第三节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据首字母或所给中文的适当形式填空。
46. The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a c__________ condition. (根据首字母单词拼写)
47. Even if new reports are written from basically the same p__________, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details. (根据首字母单词拼写)
48. With great d__________ , every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader. (根据首字母单词拼写)
49. The majority of these sports are i__________ to those at the Olympics, but other sports, such as wushu, have been added too. (根据首字母单词拼写)
50. Motivated by the Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the b__________ of human achievement. (根据首字母单词拼写)
51. When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own, the coach will__________ (真正地，确实) throw a towel into the ring to end the fight. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52. When we read more than one report, we come to understand an event in a more __________ (全面的) way. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
53. Now, advertising is becoming more digital and more__________ （个性化）. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54. However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even__________ (矛盾的) information. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55. In an interview she revealed that the secret of her__________ (始终如一的)good performance was the training that she never missed. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
第四节用所给词的适当形式或适当时态语态填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
56. Secondly, you must have a natural __________ (curious) about things that are happening even though they may appear to be minor matters. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. The variety and __________ (access) of online news means that the rapid rise of online news media is unlikely to stop. (所给词的适当形式填空)
58. Since sport is an __________ (separate) part of day-to-day life, there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language. (所给词的适当形式填空)
59. The focus is on building bridges between different cultures, so there are competitions __________ (feature) mixed teams, such as mixed swimming relays. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60. There is an old and very wise saying, __________ (repeat) many times, “Win with humility, lose with grace, and do both with dignity.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
61. If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests, they are said __________ (score) an own goal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
62. The past decades __________ (witness) the rapid development of online news media. (所给词的适当形式填空)
63. When O'Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the fourth time that he __________ (win) it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
64. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what __________ just __________ (achieve). (所给词的适当形式填空)
65. He felt that his talents ________ (waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change. （所给词的适当形式填空）
第四部分写作（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，在今年的寒假期间，你的好友Tom迷上了网络新闻，请你帮他分析一下网络新闻的利弊，用英文给他一封建议信。
内容包括：
1. 获取最新新闻；减少纸的使用等： 2. 存在虚假信息；易误导大众； 3. 建议。
注意：
1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：网络新闻Internet news
Dear Tom,
I’m writing to tell you that Internet news has both advantages and disadvantages.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
