株洲市南方中学2020级高二秋季学期第二次考试试卷
英语
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上相应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where was the man last night
A. At the cinema. B. In the hospital. C. At home.
2. How much does the man want to pay for the scarf
A $15. B. $17. C. $ 20.
3. Why did the man hurt his back
A. He lifted too much weight.
B. He didn't warm up before lifting.
C. He isn't really a professional.
4. What will Lucy be doing at 11:30 tomorrow
A. Going out for lunch. B. Seeing her dentist. C. Visiting a friend.
5. What's the man doing
A. Holding a party. B. Selecting baby beds. C. Booking a room.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒 钟听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man's favorite drink
A. Orange juice. B. Beer. C. Cola.
7. What does the man agree to get in the end
A. Some wine. B. Some beer. C. A bottle of orange.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the weather like now
A. Warm. B. Snowy. C. Windy.
9. What will the speakers do tomorrow
A. Go skiing. B. Go skating. C. Go shopping.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What do we know about the man
A. He often goes without breakfast.
B. He's been late for work twice this week.
C. He's always searching for his glasses.
11. What did the man do after taking the shower
A. He read for a while. B. He looked for his glasses. C. He had breakfast.
12. Where are the man' s glasses probably
A. In the bathroom. B. In the living room. C. In the dining room.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What was the man asked to do
A. Return the book. B. Pay a fine. C. Find the book.
14. What did the man explain to the woman
A. He lost the book. B. He left the book at home. C. He remembered returning the book.
15. What did the man find on the shelf
A. The book he returned. B. The book he lost. C. The book he wanted to borrow.
16. How did the mistake come about
A. The return wasn't recorded.
B. The man returned a different book.
C. The woman put the book on the wrong shelf.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Which place will the travelers visit first
A. Pigeon Point. B. A seaside cafe. C. An ice cream factory.
18. What should the travelers bring
A. Food. B. Medicine. C. Swimsuits.
19. What animals will the travelers see in the nature park
A. Giraffes. B. Monkeys. C. Elephants.
20. What extra costs may there be
A. Money for souvenirs. B. Tips for the tour guide. C. Tips for the hotel clerks.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Besides Marie Curie, these women devoted their lives to science and made significant advances.
Caroline Herschel(1750—1848)
Herschel was ill-treated by her parents in Hanover until her older brother, William, brought her to England in 1772 to run his household in Bath. Later, her brother switched careers from singing and went into astronomy. Caroline followed. In addition to assisting her brother in his observations and in the building of telescopes, Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right. She was the first woman to discover a comet (she discovered eight in total) and the first to have her work published by the Royal Society.
Barbara McClintock(1902—1992)
While studying botany at Cornell University in the 1920s, Barbara McClintock got her first taste of genetics and was hooked. She continued her research at universities in California, Missouri and Germany before finding a permanent home at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of; corn kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes. McClintock was awarded a Lasker Prize in 1981 and Nobel Prize in 1983.
Maria Goeppert Mayer(1906—1972)
A German immigrant to the US who studied at Johns Hopkins during the Great Depression, Maria Goeppert Mayer, born in 1906 , continued her studies even when no university would employ her and went on to become a chemical physicist. Her most famous contribution to modern physics is discovering the nuclear shell of the atomic nucleus, for which she won the Nobel Prize in 1963. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize, after Marie Curie.
1. Who might Caroline Herschel be most grateful to for her achievements in astronomy
A. Her parents. B. Her brother.
C. The Royal Society. D. Astronomers of her time.
2. How did Barbara McClintock draw the final conclusion
A. By tasting corn kernels. B. By making rough guesses.
C. By making careful observations. D. By researching at universities.
3. Who was the first woman Nobel Prize winner
A. Caroline Herschel. B. Barbara McClintock.
C Maria Goeppert Mayer. D. Marie Curie.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了科学界三位伟大的女性以及她们所做出的巨大贡献和成就。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Herschel was ill-treated by her parents in Hanover until her older brother, William, brought her to England in 1772 to run his household in Bath. Later, her brother switched careers from singing and went into astronomy. Caroline followed. In addition to assisting her brother in his observations and in the building of telescopes, Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right.( Herschel在汉诺威受到父母的虐待，直到她的哥哥William在1772年把她带到英国，在巴斯经营他的家庭。后来，她的哥哥改变了职业，不再唱歌，而是进入了天文学领域。Caroline紧随其后。除了协助她哥哥进行观测和建造望远镜外，Caroline自己也成为一名出色的天文学家)”可知，Caroline Herschel在天文学方面的成就可能最要感谢她的哥哥。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Barbara McClintock部分中“It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of; corn kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes.(就是在那里，在观察了它的颜色模式之后；经过几代植物的玉米粒，她确定基因可以在染色体内部和染色体之间移动)”可知，Barbara McClintock是通过观察几代玉米粒的着色规律而得出最终结论的。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Maria Goeppert Mayer部分中“She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize, after Marie Curie.(她是继居里夫人之后第二位获得诺贝尔奖的女性)”可知，居里夫人是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选D。
B
When Stephen Mills spotted a dusty old safe (保险箱) in a museum in Canada, he thought he’d try to crack the code (破解密码), “just like in the movies”. But when he began turning the dial, he wasn’t expecting a Hollywood ending.
For years, anyone who visited the Vermillion Heritage Museum in Alberta would have passed by a large, black metal box. Staff knew it had come from the long-gone Brunswick hotel and was donated to the museum in the 1990s, but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades — until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.
Mills, who lived in Fort McMurray, Alberta, was visiting the museum with his family last month over a holiday weekend. As they wandered around the exhibits with the museum guide, Tom Kibblewhite, they spotted the safe.
Kibblewhite told the family what he told all other guests: the 900kg black box with a silver dial had remained closed for generations. For years, the safe has confused volunteers at the museum. The manufacturer was unable to provide advice on how to open its thick door.
A locksmith (锁匠) once suggested that years of inactivity might have slowed down the gears, making it inoperable. But Mills, who is a “mechanically-minded person”, asked whether he could give it a try. “Kibblewhite kept saying no one had opened it and that it was a mystery what was inside,” Mills said. “I thought this would be a great thing to do for a laugh for the kids. Maybe they can find some interesting historical things in it — like a time capsule.”
After pressing his ear against the cool metal, he began spinning the dial. With numbers ranging from zero to 60, he turned clockwise (顺时针方向地) three times to 20, counter-clockwise two times to 40, and then clockwise one time to 60. He was astonished to hear a click. “I jumped up and told everyone I’m buying a lottery ticket (彩票),” he said.
4. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean
A. He didn’t think he would open the safe.
B. The museum trip was like a Hollywood film.
C. He didn’t want to turn the dial in the beginning.
D. It was unbelievable for him to win a lottery ticket in the end.
5. What do we know about the safe
A. The dial on the safe was broken.
B. It was a donation from a rich businessman.
C. It was one of the most valuable exhibits in the museum.
D. It has been long closed since it was brought to the museum.
6. Why did Mills compare the safe to a time capsule
A. To tell people how fast time flies.
B. To remind visitors of the time limit.
C. To indicate the safe’s special meaning.
D To explain the content of the safe.
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Mills won a prize for cracking the code.
B Mills had plenty of luck to break the code.
C. Mills knew what the code was in advance.
D. Mills tried a dozen times until he cracked the code.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了博物馆的保险箱被游客轻易打开，官方曾说无法破解。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句可知，当Stephen Mills在加拿大的一个博物馆里发现一个满是灰尘的旧保险箱时，他想试试看破解密码，“就像电影里演的那样”。再根据第二段until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.可知，直到 Mills意外破解了密码。由此可知，“他根本没指望会有个好莱坞式的结局。”指的是他没有想到自己会破解密码，打开保险箱。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Staff knew it had come from the long-gone Brunswick hotel and was donated to the museum in the 1990s, but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades — until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.可知，工作人员都知道它来自消失已久的布伦瑞克酒店，是在上世纪90年代被捐赠给了博物馆。但它的密码和里面的东西几十年来一直是个谜——直到米尔斯意外破解了密码。由此可知，自从它被带到博物馆以来，很长时间都是关闭着的。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Kibblewhite kept saying no one had opened it and that it was a mystery what was inside,” Mills said. “I thought this would be a great thing to do for a laugh for the kids. Maybe they can find some interesting historical things in it — like a time capsule.”可知，米尔斯说:“吉布怀特一直说没有人打开过它，里面的东西是个谜。”“我想这会是一件让孩子们开怀大笑的好事情。也许他们能在里面找到一些有趣的历史东西——比如一个时间胶囊。”由此推知，Mills把保险箱比作时间胶囊是为了指明保险箱的特殊意义。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段He was astonished to hear a click. “I jumped up and told everyone I’m buying a lottery ticket (彩票),” he said.可知，听到咔哒一声，他吃了一惊。他说：“我跳起来告诉所有人我在买彩票。”由此推知，Mills很幸运，破解了密码。故选B。
【点睛】细节理解题首先根据问题回归原文锁定关键信息，这个信息可以使直接的，也可以是语意转化而来；然后结合选项找出最佳答案。若是不好直接锁定信息，则可根据选项再回归原文。第2小题设问保险箱的信息，这个问题不好锁定信息，我们结合选项回归原文，根据第二段Staff knew it had come from the long-gone Brunswick hotel and was donated to the museum in the 1990s, but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades — until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.可知，工作人员都知道它来自消失已久的布伦瑞克酒店，是在上世纪90年代被捐赠给了博物馆。但它的密码和里面的东西几十年来一直是个谜——直到米尔斯意外破解了密码。由此可知，自从它被带到博物馆以来，很长时间都是关闭着的。故选D。
C
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
8. What do we know about John
A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B. He had few childhood playmates.
C. He received little love from his family.
D. He was envied by others in his childhood.
9. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.
A. a description of personal values and social values
B. an analysis of how work was related to competence
C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children
D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
10. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A. Quick to react. B. Having a thin edge.
C. Clear and definite. D. Sudden and rapid.
11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Competent adults know more about love than work.
B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D. Independence is the key to one’s success.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更富有成效。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第一段He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.（他对工作更满意，婚姻更美满，身体更健康。）由此可知，约翰喜欢他的事业和婚姻，故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第二段 “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”（ 发现这一现象的心理学家George Vaillant说:“在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的一员。”“因为他们对自己感觉良好，其他人也对他们感觉良好。”）由此推断出，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。下文Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.说那些在童年时期参加活动最多的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是五倍，较不可能失业的可能性是16倍。由此可推断出上文The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.的意思是这些男性在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系惊人地明确。“sharp”的意思是明确的，故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.（儿童活动有助于儿童发展责任、独立、自信和能力，这些是情感健康的基础。它们还帮助他理解，人们必须合作，为共同的目标而努力。最有能力的成年人是那些知道如何做到这一点的人。）由此推断出，情感健康对美好的成人生活至关重要，故选B。
【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题2，答案定位在第二段 “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”（ 发现这一现象的心理学家George Vaillant说:“在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的一员。”“因为他们对自己感觉良好，其他人也对他们感觉良好。”）由此推断出，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。
D
When you walk into your workplace in the morning, are you walking in as yourself or as a stranger While the workplace is a place to wear your professional face, it’s also a place where you should feel comfortable and connected to your co-workers. There is a good reason for this: A new study finds that hiding your true self at work can harm your career and your sense of belonging in the workplace.
For the study, researchers at the University of Exeter focused on commonly stigmatized(受到蔑视）characteristics, like having mental or physical illness. They sought to see how hiding such conditions that make one feel ashamed could affect one’s ability to grow.
“When someone hide their true identity, their social life suffers. This has an influence not just on the individuals, but also on the organization they work for. More specifically, hiding such characteristics from co-workers reduces their self-respect, job satisfaction and job commitment”, says co-author Professor Manuela Barreto. “Our findings suggest openness about one’s identity is often beneficial for individuals, the group and their workplace.”
The findings were based on many studies they analyzed from the Netherlands and the US. In one of the experiments, they had 95 men and women describe a time when they either hid or exposed a characteristic about themselves. In another one, the researchers offered imaginary scenes to 303 people that involved, again, hiding or revealing.
In both experiments, people were then asked how they would feel after hiding the characteristic. The answers resulted in their conclusion stated above: a lower sense of belonging and job satisfaction and commitment.
So we need environments where people don’t need to hide. Encouraging complete openness can turn the office into a more comfortable place that allows employees to enjoy working.
12. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3
A. Explain the study findings. B. Suggest enough self-respect.
C. Give the reason for the study. D. Show advantages of hiding oneself.
13. What might be the result of hiding your true self according to the study
A. Feeling tired of the job. B. Being looked down upon.
C. Failing to fit in the society. D. Losing colleagues’ respect.
14. What can we know about the participants in the two experiments
A. They all experienced true situations.
B. They were asked to describe the feelings.
C. They were more than 400 people in total.
D. They volunteered to take part in the study.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Don’t hide Your True Self in the Workplace.
B. Why Do We always Keep Away from Others
C. The Advantages of the Poor Sense of Belonging.
D. How Can We Handle Stigmatized Characteristics properly
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一项新的研究发现，在工作中隐藏真实的自己会损害你的职业生涯和你在工作中的归属感。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““When someone hide their true identity, their social life suffers. This has an influence not just on the individuals, but also on the organization they work for. More specifically, hiding such characteristics from co-workers reduces their self-respect, job satisfaction and job commitment”, says co-author Professor Manuela Barreto. “Our findings suggest openness about one’s identity is often beneficial for individuals, the group and their workplace.””（“当一个人隐藏自己的真实身份时，他的社交生活就会受到影响。 这不仅对个人有影响，对他们工作的组织也有影响。 更具体地说，在同事面前隐藏这些特征会降低他们的自尊、工作满意度和工作承诺。” “我们的发现表明，公开自己的身份通常对个人、群体和工作场所都有好处。” ）可推知作者在第三段解释了研究结果。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“More specifically, hiding such characteristics from co-workers reduces their self-respect, job satisfaction and job commitment”, says co-author Professor Manuela Barreto.”（更具体地说，在同事面前隐藏这些特征会降低他们的自尊、工作满意度和工作承诺。” ）可知根据这项研究，隐藏真实自我的结果可能是厌倦了这份工作。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In both experiments, people were then asked how they would feel after hiding the characteristic.”（在这两个实验中，参与者都被问及隐藏性格特征后的感受）可知这两个实验的参与者都被要求描述自己的感受。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is a good reason for this: A new study finds that hiding your true self at work can harm your career and your sense of belonging in the workplace.”（这是有原因的:一项新的研究发现，在工作中隐藏真实的自己会损害你的职业生涯和你在工作中的归属感）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究发现，在工作中隐藏真实的自己会损害你的职业生涯和你在工作中的归属感。“不要在工作场所隐藏真实的自己”最适合作文章的标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Few things feel as painful as rejection. Rejection means not being invited to a friend's party. Rejection means having your actions criticized. Rejection means failure when you're trying to sell your idea. Every "no" indicates a door closed to you. ___16___
Developing your self-confidence is key. Rejection is simply the reaction or opinion of another person. ___17___Never think you are worthless or unlovable. What you should do is make a list of things you have done well or contributions you have made. Review them every day. Fill your nighttime and early morning brain with confidence.
Rejection will enhance （增加）whatever negative things you say to yourself. Even the most successful and confident people feel downhearted when rejected, but most of them never tell themselves how terrible they are. ___18___Make sure what you say to yourself builds yourself up instead of tearing yourself down.
___19___ Instead, they view it as an opportunity to further understand human relationships and inner strength. They avoid the pain of rejection and put rejection into context （情境）.Using rejection to your advantage involves looking on every blow as a learning experience. It also involves learning and growing from negative voice.
___20___ You can feel the pain as you like, crying or locking yourself in, but don't let it become a long-term visitor. It is wise for you to respond positively and effectively.
A. Rejection is a learning experience.
B. It's powerless without your cooperation.
C. So you should practice positive self-talk.
D. It's normal to feel upset about rejection.
E. Therefore, it is vital to develop effective responses.
F. Rejection is beneficial to those who make full use of it.
G. Those who transform rejection understand it is not about experiencing loss.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. C 19. G 20. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。讲述了几条有效回应被拒绝的方法。
【16题详解】
空格前Every "no" indicates a door closed to you讲到被别人拒绝意味着哪些以及它的消极影响。因此培养有效的回应能力很重要。故选E。
【17题详解】
空格前讲到培养自信是关键。排斥只是他人的回应或观点。没有你的合作这是无力的。故选B。
【18题详解】
空格前讲到名人们被拒绝的时候也很难过，但是多数人不会告诉自己：自己有多糟糕。因此建议你也要练习积极的自我对话。空格后面的builds yourself up和positive是同义词。故选C。
【19题详解】
空格后Instead, they view it as an opportunity to further understand human relationships and inner strength.相反，他们认为这是一个进一步了解人类关系的机会。instead表示转折。说明G项：那些改变拒绝的人明白，拒绝不是经历损失。而是机会。故选G。
【20题详解】
空格位于句首，起到总结本段的作用，空格后You can feel the pain as you like, crying or locking yourself in, but don't let it become a long-term visitor.讲到你可以感受它带来的痛苦，但是不要长期沉浸在其中。说明D项：关于拒绝你感受到不开心是很正常的。故选D。
【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等，看是否有同词复现。其次是一些专有名词，数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第3小题：选项中的positive与后一句中的builds yourself up是同义词复现；因此，关注同义表达在这篇文章中是很有效的做法。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Gift at the Parking Lot
I never thought I would be writing about a trip to the convenience store. It was just a month after my grandmother had ___21___ and I did useless things hoping to fill the hole in my heart and make me forget the pain.
In the store, I was upset because I couldn’t even remember what I went there to buy so I ended up buying something ___22___. As I walked out of the store to get my car, I was ___23___ angry at everything that was going on around me which was a very common feeling at that time. Feeling ___24___, my belief in God was beginning to fade.
Suddenly, a woman driving right by my side rolled down her___25___．“Excuse me, excuse me.” she said loudly. ___26___ she was going to ask for my parking spot, I ___27___ pointed to my car. “No, excuse me,” she said again.
At this point, I felt I had no alternative but to see what this ___28___ lady wanted. As I got closer, I realized that she was ___29___ something in her bag.Surprisingly, I was overcome with a sense of relief while others would be nervous in this situation. Finally, she ___30___ me a booklet, which read “What Hope for Dead Loved Ones ” “Maybe you need this, ” she said calmly with a warm smile on her face. However, ___31___ I could thank her, she was gone.
I felt a sense of ___32___ as I opened the first page. It ___33___ how people pass on, but their spirit ___34___ with us. This was the first time since my grandma had died that I had felt her with me and I began to feel hope again. It was a unique ___35___. And, I’ll remember it for the rest of my life.
21. A. come back B. passed away C. broken down D. fallen over
22. A. by chance B. in hand C. at random D. on purpose
23. A. still B. even C. yet D. also
24. A. breathless B. hopeless C. aimless D. helpless
25. A. car B. door C. window D. hand
26. A. Recognizing B. Worrying C. Assuming D. Realizing
27. A. cautiously B. exactly C. awkwardly D. simply
28. A. outgoing B. energetic C. determined D. annoying
29. A. putting away B. looking into C. searching for D. going over
30. A. offered B. showed C. brought D. handed
31. A. after B. once C. as D. before
32. A. comfort B. satisfaction C. inspiration D. surprise
33. A. implied B. explained C. instructed D. directed
34. A. catches up B. fits in C. sticks D. remains
35. A. lesson B. memory C. gift D. reward
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在失去亲人后的悲痛之时，一位好心的女士送给作者一本小册子，这本小册子帮助作者忘掉了痛苦，重新有了希望。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我祖母刚去世一个月，我做着一些没用的事，希望填补内心的空洞、让自己忘掉痛苦。A. come back回来；B. passed away去世；C. broken down出故障；D. fallen over跌倒，摔倒。根据下句fill the hole in my heart and make me forget the pain.可知祖母刚去世，作者想忘掉痛苦。下文my grandma had died也给了提示，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：在商店里，我甚至想不起来自己要买什么，所以最后随便买了点东西。A. by chance偶然，碰巧；B. in hand 在手头，在进行中；C. at random随意地；D. on purpose故意。因为一时忘记了要买什么，所以就随意买了些东西。at random符合当时语境，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我走出商店去取车时，我甚至对周遭的一切都感到生气。A. still仍然；B. even甚至；C. yet 但是，然而；D. also也，而且。由于作者当时心情很糟，购物出来后心情更坏，甚至对周围的一切都生气。表示程度递进，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到绝望，对上帝的信仰也逐渐消退。A. breathless喘不过气来；B. hopeless 绝望的；C. aimless无目的的；D. helpless无助的。失去亲人后心情糟糕，作者感到绝望，对上帝的信仰开始褪色。表示心情绝望，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，一名女子把车停在我旁边，摇下车窗。A. car汽车；B. door门；C. window窗户；D. hand手。根据a woman driving right by my side可知是右侧开车的女士摇下车窗向我求助，指摇下车窗，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为她是想要我的停车位，我就指向了自己的车。A. Recognizing 认识，承认；B. Worrying担心；C. Assuming假设、以为； D. Upsetting使心烦。右侧开车的女士摇下车窗向我求助，作者以为她是想要停车位。根据下文As I got closer, I realized that可知此时距离远噪音大，作者这里只是自己在设想女士的意图。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我以为她是想要我的停车位，我就指向了自己的车。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. exactly恰好，正是；C. awkwardly笨拙地；D. simply简单地。作者认为对方是问自己的停车位，所以就简单地指了一下自己的车。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这时候，我觉得别无他法，只能等着看这位烦人的女士到底想干什么。A. outgoing外向的；B. energetic 精力充沛的；C. determined坚决的；D. annoying讨厌的。根据she said loudly和“No, excuse me,” she said again和当时作者的心情可知作者对求助的女士没有好感，认为她很烦人。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我走近以后才意识到她正在包里找什么东西。A. putting away放好；B. looking into调查；C. searching for寻找；D. going over复习，温习。根据下文Finally, she ___10___ me a booklet可知作者接近后发现女士是从包里找东西。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，她递给我一本小册子。A. offered 提供；B. showed 显示，说明；C. brought带来；D. handed递送。根据“Maybe you need this,”可知女士从包里找出一本小册子，认为作者需要，友好地递给作者。表示“递给”，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，我还没来得及感谢她，她就走了。A. after在…之后；B. once一旦；C. as 因为，随着；D. before在…之前。此处指我还没来得及感谢她，她就走了，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：打开第一页时，我感到一股安慰。A. comfort安慰，舒适；B. satisfaction满意；C. inspiration启发，鼓舞；D. surprise惊奇。由后文知，女士给作者的小册子第一页解释了人们虽然故去，但精神会保留下来，这是作者当时失去亲人后最需要的。所以作者打开第一页时内心感到安慰，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：其中解释了人们虽然会故去但精神仍和我们在一起。A. implied暗示；B. explained解释；C. instructed指示，教育；D. directed管理，指挥。此处指书中解释了人们虽然会故去但精神仍和我们在一起，是在解释书中的内容，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中解释了人们虽然会故去但精神仍和我们在一起。A. catches up赶上；B. fits in适合；C. sticks刺死，插入；D. remains保持，依然。此处指人虽然去世了，但他们的精神仍然会保留下来、和我们在一起。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是个独特的礼物。A. lesson教训，课；B. memory记忆；C. gift 礼物；D. reward报酬。这本小册子让作者又有了希望，这是一个独特的礼物，值得作者铭记一生。指小册子是女士送给作者的礼物，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most people are very familiar with the traditional cars being driven by burning fuel. And many have heard of electric cars, ____36____ are kind to the environment, but few people know about Tesla.
Tesla is a world-famous brand of an electric car made by Tesla, Inc., ____37____ (devote) to the design and production of high quality luxury electric cars. Now it has become ____38____ second name for the electric car.
Tesla electric cars are ____39____(wide) considered as the safest, the most luxurious and fashionable cars. They are free of pollution; they are quick ____40____ (speed) up and quiet to travel in. Furthermore, they’re easy to drive and comfortable to sit in. Their ____41____ (big) advantage is that once charged, they can travel as far as 500 kilometers.
Like many other new energy car makers, Tesla also ____42____ (come) across many barriers(阻碍) in terms of technology in the beginning, but they didn’t give up. They overcome the ____43____ (difficulty) one by one and eventually produced the first Roadster(跑车) successfully in 2008.
2010 was no doubt a vital year ____44____ Tesla, in which the company was successfully registered on the NASDAQ stock exchange(纳斯达克股票交易市场). Today, Tesla electric cars _____45_____ (sell) all over the world. Most of their owners are buyers who are rich and crazy about protecting the environment.
【答案】36. which
37. devoted
38. a 39. widely
40. to speed
41. biggest
42. came 43. difficulties
44. for 45. are sold
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了特斯拉电动汽车，特斯拉电动汽车被广泛认为是最安全、最豪华、最时尚的汽车。介绍了其特点以及优势等情况。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：很多人都听说过电动汽车，因为它对环境很好，但很少有人知道特斯拉。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词electric cars，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：特斯拉是世界知名的特斯拉公司旗下的电动汽车品牌，致力于高品质豪华电动汽车的设计和生产。表示“致力于”短语为be devoted to，此处省略be动词，形容词作状语。故填devoted。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：现在，它已经成为电动汽车的另一个名字。name为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且second是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a，a second意为“再一，又一”。故填a。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：特斯拉电动汽车被广泛认为是最安全、最豪华、最时尚的汽车。修饰后文动词consider应用副词widely，作状语。故填widely。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们没有污染；它们加速快，行驶安静。此处为be adj. to do sth.结构，表示“快速做某事”应用be quick to do sth.。故填to speed。
【41题详解】
考查最高级。句意：它们最大的优势是，一旦充电，它们可以行驶500公里。结合句意表示“最大的”应用形容词的最高级biggest。故填biggest。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：特斯拉一开始也遇到了很多技术方面的障碍，但他们没有放弃。根据后文“but they didn’t give up”可知为一般过去时。故填came。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他们一个接一个地克服了困难，最终在2008年成功生产出了第一台跑车。difficulty为可数名词，根据后文one by one可知应用复数形式。故填difficulties。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：2010年对特斯拉来说无疑是至关重要的一年，公司在纳斯达克成功注册。结合句意表示“对……来说”应用介词for。故填for。
【45题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：如今，特斯拉电动汽车在世界各地都有销售。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文today可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Tesla electric cars，谓语用复数。故填are sold。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 单句填空：请用括号内单词的正确形式填空（满分15分）
46. We can achieve almost anything online — with access __________ the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：我们几乎可以在网上实现任何事情——接入互联网带来了一些真正改变生活的好处。结合句意表示“接入，得以访问”可知，短语为with access to。故填to。
47. In the time it takes __________(find) one book in the library, we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to find
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在图书馆里找一本书的时间里，我们可以用搜索引擎找到数以百万计的结果。此处为句型it takes some time to do sth.，表示“花费时间做某事”。故填to find。
48. In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou __________(refer) to the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances.. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】referred
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：在诺贝尔获奖演讲中，屠呦呦提到了传统中医和西医两者的力量，并指出未来还有着极大的潜力。分析句子可知，refer to在这里作谓语动词，与and并列的pointed out应保持一致，都符合一般过去时。故填referred。
49. Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time, and __________ I could have done something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。 句意：有时我有一种不舒服的感觉，觉得这个小机器占用了我太多的时间，我本可以做一些更有意义的事情，而不是整天盯着一个小屏幕。分析句子结构， __________ I could have done something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day. 是一个同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词feeling，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，应用that引导。故填that。
50. I felt lost and anxious as if I ___________(miss) something of value. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】had missed
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我感到迷茫和焦虑，就好像我错过了什么有价值的东西。结合语境可知，此处as if引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，从句用“had+过去分词”。故填had missed。
51. The empty hours stretched out in front of me, and I felt __________(disconnect) from everyone and everything. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】disconnected
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：空虚的时间在我面前延伸，我感到与所有人和所有事都脱节了。 作表语，表示“脱节，分离”应填形容词disconnected。故填disconnected。
52. With eyes no longer __________(fix) on the phones, we had a chance to really enjoy each other’s company. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fixed
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：眼睛不再专注于手机屏幕，我们才有机会真正地享受彼此的陪伴。分析句子可知，这里符合with引导的独立主格结构：with+名词+非谓语动词，fix搭配介词on意为“集中于、固定于”，其中eyes和fix之间是动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填fixed。
53. Behind every scientific discovery ___________(lie) a lot of hard work. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】lies
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装，主谓一致。句意：每一项科学发现的背后都有大量的辛勤工作。分析句子结构可知Behind every scientific discovery为状语，位于句首；句子谓语动词应该使用倒装；句子的主语为a lot of hard work；因此句子中缺少谓语动词。主语为不可数名词，因此谓语动词用单数，此处为描述一件事实，因此用一般现在时。故填lies。
54. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to ___________(far) explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】further
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：在她的诺贝尔演讲中，她鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医的宝库，并将其提高到一个更高的水平。修饰后文动词explore应用副词further，表示“进一步”，作状语。故填further。
55. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs __________(use) household water containers. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】using
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在没有研究设备的情况下，他们只能用家庭用水容器提取草药。分析句子结构可知use在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语they构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填using。
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
56. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I just want a normal birthday party,” April told Bailey as they walked home from school.
Bailey knew what April meant. April’s parents loved the environment. And because April happened to be born on Earth Day, all her parties had an Earth Day theme.
“Remember when you turned seven ” said Bailey.
“How could I forget the Throw-Out Blowout ” said April.
“We helped out at your garage sales and donated the money to charity. And when you turned eight...”
“It was a Tree Spree,” finished April. “We planted maples.” “Last year, we all collected newspapers to recycle,” said Bailey. “The Print Sprint.” April groaned.
Bailey giggled. “I thought it was fun.”
Later that night, as April loaded the dishwasher, she said, “I’d like to plan my own party this year.”
“Sure,” said Mom. “We could have a Composts Carnival.” “Great idea!” said Dad.
April cleared her throat. “I’d like to go to Maze Craze instead.” “Really ” said Dad, surprised.
“I guess we could do that. Dad and I can send you kids there.” said Mom.
April couldn’t wait for her birthday! She and her friends would have so much fun. And they wouldn’t have to think one bit about the earth.
At school the next day, April told her friends. “I’m having my birthday party at Maze Craze!”
“You are ” said Josie. “But we always do something earthy on your birthday.” “Remember that salamander we found two years ago ” said Tyler. “Yeah,” said April. “This year, we’re not even going outside.”
“Oh!” said Tyler.
The following weekend, everyone gathered in the parking lot outside of Maze Craze. “Thanks for coming,” said April. “I’ve been so excited about my party. No shovels.
No collecting recyclables. Nothing earthy about it.” She shifted her feet. “Then I got here this morning and saw this parking lot.”
April’s friends glanced around. Plastic bottles bounced across the ground. Newspapers and fast-food sacks blocked the storm drain. Shopping bags rustled in the trees.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“What a mess!” April frowned.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April looked at the collected rubbish and smiled.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Para 1:
“What a mess!” April frowned. Though she had been longing for a non-Earth Day birthday, it was difficult to turn a blind eye to such a mess. She turned around to her friends, “How about picking the trash first ” Her proposal was quickly approved by others and soon they were in business. April’s mum grabbed some gloves from the trunk while her dad managed to remove those shopping bags in the trees. With the bags, April and Bailey collected scattered bottles. By the drain, Josie and Tyler made great efforts to clear the blockage. Many hands make light work. In a short while, three bags were filled with cans and newspapers to recycle.
Para 2:
April looked at the collected rubbish and smiled. Then she looked up at her friends. Their neat clothes for the birthday party were soaked with sweat, but their faces glowed with satisfaction. It felt so good to do something for the earth. “Happy Earth Day, everyone,” said April. “Now we are ready for Maze Craze.” “Happy Birthday, April!” shouted her friends. “I’m so lucky to have been born on Earth Day! ” (“Wow, another earthy birthday,” )April thought to herself. “A Composts Carnival may be a good idea for next year.”
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了April过生日疯狂迷宫玩时，看到外面很多垃圾，于是建议朋友们先捡垃圾，他们为参加生日聚会而穿的整洁衣服被汗水湿透了。但他们的脸上洋溢着满意的神情，能为地球做点事的感觉真好。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘真是一团糟!’April皱起了眉头”可知，第一段可描写April建议朋友们先捡垃圾，描述他们捡垃圾的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“April看着收集的垃圾笑了”可知，第二段可描写April对捡垃圾的感受以及朋友们的反应。
2.续写线索：April皱眉——April建议捡垃圾——大家设法捡垃圾——April和朋友们感觉为地球做点事真好
3.词汇激活
行为类
渴望：long for/desire
支持：approve/ support
努力做某事：make great efforts to do sth./ take pains to do sth.
情绪类
困难：difficult / rough
良好：good / great
【点睛】[高分句型1] Though she had been longing for a non-Earth Day birthday, it was difficult to turn a blind eye to such a mess. (运用了though引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] How about picking the trash first (运用了动名词作宾语)株洲市南方中学2020级高二秋季学期第二次考试试卷
英语
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上相应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where was the man last night
A. At the cinema. B. In the hospital. C. At home.
2. How much does the man want to pay for the scarf
A. $15. B. $17. C. $ 20.
3. Why did the man hurt his back
A. He lifted too much weight.
B. He didn't warm up before lifting.
C. He isn't really a professional.
4. What will Lucy be doing at 11:30 tomorrow
A. Going out for lunch. B. Seeing her dentist. C. Visiting a friend.
5. What's the man doing
A. Holding a party. B. Selecting baby beds. C. Booking a room.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒 钟听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man's favorite drink
A. Orange juice. B. Beer. C. Cola.
7. What does the man agree to get in the end
A. Some wine. B. Some beer. C. A bottle of orange.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the weather like now
A. Warm. B. Snowy. C. Windy.
9. What will the speakers do tomorrow
A. Go skiing. B. Go skating. C. Go shopping.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What do we know about the man
A. He often goes without breakfast.
B. He's been late for work twice this week.
C. He's always searching for his glasses.
11. What did the man do after taking the shower
A. He read for a while. B. He looked for his glasses. C. He had breakfast.
12. Where are the man' s glasses probably
A. In the bathroom. B. In the living room. C. In the dining room.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What was the man asked to do
A. Return the book. B. Pay a fine. C. Find the book.
14. What did the man explain to the woman
A. He lost the book. B. He left the book at home. C. He remembered returning the book.
15. What did the man find on the shelf
A. The book he returned. B. The book he lost. C. The book he wanted to borrow.
16. How did the mistake come about
A. The return wasn't recorded.
B. The man returned a different book.
C. The woman put the book on the wrong shelf.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Which place will the travelers visit first
A. Pigeon Point. B. A seaside cafe. C. An ice cream factory.
18. What should the travelers bring
A. Food. B. Medicine. C. Swimsuits.
19. What animals will the travelers see in the nature park
A. Giraffes. B. Monkeys. C. Elephants.
20. What extra costs may there be
A. Money for souvenirs. B. Tips for the tour guide. C. Tips for the hotel clerks.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Besides Marie Curie, these women devoted their lives to science and made significant advances.
Caroline Herschel(1750—1848)
Herschel was ill-treated by her parents in Hanover until her older brother, William, brought her to England in 1772 to run his household in Bath. Later, her brother switched careers from singing and went into astronomy. Caroline followed. In addition to assisting her brother in his observations and in the building of telescopes, Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right. She was the first woman to discover a comet (she discovered eight in total) and the first to have her work published by the Royal Society.
Barbara McClintock(1902—1992)
While studying botany at Cornell University in the 1920s, Barbara McClintock got her first taste of genetics and was hooked. She continued her research at universities in California, Missouri and Germany before finding a permanent home at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of; corn kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes. McClintock was awarded a Lasker Prize in 1981 and Nobel Prize in 1983.
Maria Goeppert Mayer(1906—1972)
A German immigrant to the US who studied at Johns Hopkins during the Great Depression, Maria Goeppert Mayer, born in 1906 , continued her studies even when no university would employ her and went on to become a chemical physicist. Her most famous contribution to modern physics is discovering the nuclear shell of the atomic nucleus, for which she won the Nobel Prize in 1963. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize, after Marie Curie.
1. Who might Caroline Herschel be most grateful to for her achievements in astronomy
A. Her parents. B. Her brother.
C. The Royal Society. D. Astronomers of her time.
2. How did Barbara McClintock draw the final conclusion
A. By tasting corn kernels. B. By making rough guesses.
C. By making careful observations. D. By researching at universities.
3. Who was the first woman Nobel Prize winner
A. Caroline Herschel. B. Barbara McClintock.
C. Maria Goeppert Mayer. D. Marie Curie.
B
When Stephen Mills spotted a dusty old safe (保险箱) in a museum in Canada, he thought he’d try to crack the code (破解密码), “just like in the movies”. But when he began turning the dial, he wasn’t expecting a Hollywood ending.
For years, anyone who visited the Vermillion Heritage Museum in Alberta would have passed by a large, black metal box. Staff knew it had come from the long-gone Brunswick hotel and was donated to the museum in the 1990s, but its code and contents remained a mystery for decades — until Mills unexpectedly cracked the code.
Mills, who lived in Fort McMurray, Alberta, was visiting the museum with his family last month over a holiday weekend. As they wandered around the exhibits with the museum guide, Tom Kibblewhite, they spotted the safe.
Kibblewhite told the family what he told all other guests: the 900kg black box with a silver dial had remained closed for generations. For years, the safe has confused volunteers at the museum. The manufacturer was unable to provide advice on how to open its thick door.
A locksmith (锁匠) once suggested that years of inactivity might have slowed down the gears making it inoperable. But Mills, who is a “mechanically-minded person”, asked whether he could give it a try. “Kibblewhite kept saying no one had opened it and that it was a mystery what was inside,” Mills said. “I thought this would be a great thing to do for a laugh for the kids. Maybe they can find some interesting historical things in it — like a time capsule.”
After pressing his ear against the cool metal, he began spinning the dial. With numbers ranging from zero to 60, he turned clockwise (顺时针方向地) three times to 20, counter-clockwise two times to 40, and then clockwise one time to 60. He was astonished to hear a click. “I jumped up and told everyone I’m buying a lottery ticket (彩票),” he said.
4. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean
A. He didn’t think he would open the safe.
B. The museum trip was like a Hollywood film.
C. He didn’t want to turn the dial in the beginning.
D. It was unbelievable for him to win a lottery ticket in the end.
5. What do we know about the safe
A. The dial on the safe was broken.
B. It was a donation from a rich businessman.
C. It was one of the most valuable exhibits in the museum.
D. It has been long closed since it was brought to the museum.
6. Why did Mills compare the safe to a time capsule
A. To tell people how fast time flies.
B. To remind visitors of the time limit.
C. To indicate the safe’s special meaning.
D. To explain the content of the safe.
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Mills won a prize for cracking the code.
B. Mills had plenty of luck to break the code.
C. Mills knew what the code was in advance.
D. Mills tried a dozen times until he cracked the code.
C
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
8. What do we know about John
A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B. He had few childhood playmates.
C. He received little love from his family.
D. He was envied by others in his childhood.
9. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.
A. a description of personal values and social values
B. an analysis of how work was related to competence
C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children
D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
10. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A. Quick to react. B. Having a thin edge.
C. Clear and definite. D. Sudden and rapid.
11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Competent adults know more about love than work.
B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D. Independence is the key to one’s success.
D
When you walk into your workplace in the morning, are you walking in as yourself or as a stranger While the workplace is a place to wear your professional face, it’s also a place where you should feel comfortable and connected to your co-workers. There is a good reason for this: A new study finds that hiding your true self at work can harm your career and your sense of belonging in the workplace.
For the study, researchers at the University of Exeter focused on commonly stigmatized(受到蔑视）characteristics, like having mental or physical illness. They sought to see how hiding such conditions that make one feel ashamed could affect one’s ability to grow.
“When someone hide their true identity, their social life suffers. This has an influence not just on the individuals, but also on the organization they work for. More specifically, hiding such characteristics from co-workers reduces their self-respect, job satisfaction and job commitment”, says co-author Professor Manuela Barreto. “Our findings suggest openness about one’s identity is often beneficial for individuals, the group and their workplace.”
The findings were based on many studies they analyzed from the Netherlands and the US. In one of the experiments, they had 95 men and women describe a time when they either hid or exposed a characteristic about themselves. In another one, the researchers offered imaginary scenes to 303 people that involved, again, hiding or revealing.
In both experiments, people were then asked how they would feel after hiding the characteristic. The answers resulted in their conclusion stated above: a lower sense of belonging and job satisfaction and commitment.
So we need environments where people don’t need to hide. Encouraging complete openness can turn the office into a more comfortable place that allows employees to enjoy working.
12. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3
A. Explain the study findings. B. Suggest enough self-respect.
C. Give the reason for the study. D. Show advantages of hiding oneself.
13. What might be the result of hiding your true self according to the study
A. Feeling tired of the job. B. Being looked down upon.
C. Failing to fit in the society. D. Losing colleagues’ respect.
14. What can we know about the participants in the two experiments
A. They all experienced true situations.
B. They were asked to describe the feelings.
C. They were more than 400 people in total.
D. They volunteered to take part in the study.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Don’t hide Your True Self in the Workplace.
B. Why Do We always Keep Away from Others
C. The Advantages of the Poor Sense of Belonging.
D. How Can We Handle Stigmatized Characteristics properly
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Few things feel as painful as rejection. Rejection means not being invited to a friend's party. Rejection means having your actions criticized. Rejection means failure when you're trying to sell your idea. Every "no" indicates a door closed to you. ___16___
Developing your self-confidence is key. Rejection is simply the reaction or opinion of another person. ___17___Never think you are worthless or unlovable. What you should do is make a list of things you have done well or contributions you have made. Review them every day. Fill your nighttime and early morning brain with confidence.
Rejection will enhance （增加）whatever negative things you say to yourself. Even the most successful and confident people feel downhearted when rejected, but most of them never tell themselves how terrible they are. ___18___Make sure what you say to yourself builds yourself up instead of tearing yourself down.
___19___ Instead, they view it as an opportunity to further understand human relationships and inner strength. They avoid the pain of rejection and put rejection into context （情境）.Using rejection to your advantage involves looking on every blow as a learning experience. It also involves learning and growing from negative voice.
___20___ You can feel the pain as you like, crying or locking yourself in, but don't let it become a long-term visitor. It is wise for you to respond positively and effectively.
A. Rejection is a learning experience.
B. It's powerless without your cooperation.
C. So you should practice positive self-talk.
D. It's normal to feel upset about rejection.
E. Therefore, it is vital to develop effective responses.
F. Rejection is beneficial to those who make full use of it.
G. Those who transform rejection understand it is not about experiencing loss.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Gift at the Parking Lot
I never thought I would be writing about a trip to the convenience store. It was just a month after my grandmother had ___21___ and I did useless things hoping to fill the hole in my heart and make me forget the pain.
In the store, I was upset because I couldn’t even remember what I went there to buy so I ended up buying something ___22___. As I walked out of the store to get my car, I was ___23___ angry at everything that was going on around me which was a very common feeling at that time. Feeling ___24___, my belief in God was beginning to fade.
Suddenly, a woman driving right by my side rolled down her___25___．“Excuse me, excuse me.” she said loudly. ___26___ she was going to ask for my parking spot, I ___27___ pointed to my car. “No, excuse me,” she said again.
At this point, I felt I had no alternative but to see what this ___28___ lady wanted. As I got closer, I realized that she was ___29___ something in her bag.Surprisingly, I was overcome with a sense of relief while others would be nervous in this situation. Finally, she ___30___ me a booklet, which read “What Hope for Dead Loved Ones ” “Maybe you need this, ” she said calmly with a warm smile on her face. However, ___31___ I could thank her, she was gone.
I felt a sense of ___32___ as I opened the first page. It ___33___ how people pass on, but their spirit ___34___ with us. This was the first time since my grandma had died that I had felt her with me and I began to feel hope again. It was a unique ___35___. And, I’ll remember it for the rest of my life.
21. A. come back B. passed away C. broken down D. fallen over
22. A. by chance B. in hand C. at random D. on purpose
23. A. still B. even C. yet D. also
24. A. breathless B. hopeless C. aimless D. helpless
25. A. car B. door C. window D. hand
26. A. Recognizing B. Worrying C. Assuming D. Realizing
27. A. cautiously B. exactly C. awkwardly D. simply
28. A. outgoing B. energetic C. determined D. annoying
29. A. putting away B. looking into C. searching for D. going over
30. A. offered B. showed C. brought D. handed
31. A. after B. once C. as D. before
32. A. comfort B. satisfaction C. inspiration D. surprise
33. A. implied B. explained C. instructed D. directed
34. A. catches up B. fits in C. sticks D. remains
35. A. lesson B. memory C. gift D. reward
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most people are very familiar with the traditional cars being driven by burning fuel. And many have heard of electric cars, ____36____ are kind to the environment, but few people know about Tesla.
Tesla is a world-famous brand of an electric car made by Tesla, Inc., ____37____ (devote) to the design and production of high quality luxury electric cars. Now it has become ____38____ second name for the electric car.
Tesla electric cars are ____39____(wide) considered as the safest, the most luxurious and fashionable cars. They are free of pollution; they are quick ____40____ (speed) up and quiet to travel in. Furthermore, they’re easy to drive and comfortable to sit in. Their ____41____ (big) advantage is that once charged, they can travel as far as 500 kilometers.
Like many other new energy car makers, Tesla also ____42____ (come) across many barriers(阻碍) in terms of technology in the beginning, but they didn’t give up. They overcome the ____43____ (difficulty) one by one and eventually produced the first Roadster(跑车) successfully in 2008.
2010 was no doubt a vital year ____44____ Tesla, in which the company was successfully registered on the NASDAQ stock exchange(纳斯达克股票交易市场). Today, Tesla electric cars _____45_____ (sell) all over the world. Most of their owners are buyers who are rich and crazy about protecting the environment.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 单句填空：请用括号内单词的正确形式填空（满分15分）
46. We can achieve almost anything online — with access __________ the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages.（用适当的词填空）
47. In the time it takes __________(find) one book in the library, we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results. （所给词的适当形式填空）
48. In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou __________(refer) to the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances.. （所给词的适当形式填空）
49. Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time, and __________ I could have done something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day. （用适当的词填空）
50. I felt lost and anxious as if I ___________(miss) something of value. （所给词的适当形式填空）
51. The empty hours stretched out in front of me, and I felt __________(disconnect) from everyone and everything. （所给词的适当形式填空）
52. With eyes no longer __________(fix) on the phones, we had a chance to really enjoy each other’s company. （所给词的适当形式填空）
53. Behind every scientific discovery ___________(lie) a lot of hard work. （所给词适当形式填空）
54. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to ___________(far) explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. （所给词适当形式填空）
55. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs __________(use) household water containers. （所给词的适当形式填空）
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
56. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I just want a normal birthday party,” April told Bailey as they walked home from school.
Bailey knew what April meant. April’s parents loved the environment. And because April happened to be born on Earth Day, all her parties had an Earth Day theme.
“Remember when you turned seven ” said Bailey.
“How could I forget the Throw-Out Blowout ” said April.
“We helped out at your garage sales and donated the money to charity. And when you turned eight...”
“It was a Tree Spree,” finished April. “We planted maples.” “Last year, we all collected newspapers to recycle,” said Bailey. “The Print Sprint.” April groaned.
Bailey giggled. “I thought it was fun.”
Later that night, as April loaded the dishwasher, she said, “I’d like to plan my own party this year.”
“Sure,” said Mom. “We could have a Composts Carnival.” “Great idea!” said Dad.
April cleared her throat. “I’d like to go to Maze Craze instead.” “Really ” said Dad, surprised.
“I guess we could do that. Dad and I can send you kids there.” said Mom.
April couldn’t wait for her birthday! She and her friends would have so much fun. And they wouldn’t have to think one bit about the earth.
At school the next day, April told her friends. “I’m having my birthday party at Maze Craze!”
“You are ” said Josie. “But we always do something earthy on your birthday.” “Remember that salamander we found two years ago ” said Tyler. “Yeah,” said April. “This year, we’re not even going outside.”
“Oh!” said Tyler.
The following weekend, everyone gathered in the parking lot outside of Maze Craze. “Thanks for coming,” said April. “I’ve been so excited about my party. No shovels.
No collecting recyclables. Nothing earthy about it.” She shifted her feet. “Then I got here this morning and saw this parking lot.”
April’s friends glanced around. Plastic bottles bounced across the ground. Newspapers and fast-food sacks blocked the storm drain. Shopping bags rustled in the trees.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
“What a mess!” April frowned
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April looked at the collected rubbish and smiled.
