Section Ⅲ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
重点词汇讲解
Point1 alleviate
用法详解
alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解
常见搭配:alleviate the problem/situation/suffering减轻/缓解问题/状况/痛苦
A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。
Our proposed approach would help to alleviate this problem.我们建议的方法将有助于缓解这一问题。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Nowadays, a great deal can be done (alleviate) back pain.
(2)It is a common problem that can (alleviate) and cured if you act quickly.
参考答案
(1)to alleviate
(2)be alleviated
Point2 in turn
用法详解
in turn可做状语, 常位于句中或句末。其含义有以下两种:
(1)转而,相应地
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论来源于实践,反过来又服务于实践。
(2)轮流,依次,逐个
The children called out their names in turn.孩子们逐一自报姓名。
辨析比较in turn,in return与in return for
易混词组 区别
in turn ①意为“相应地,转而”;②意为“依次,轮流,逐个”。 Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.增加生产会继而增加利润。 The children got on the bus in turn.孩子们依次上了公共汽车。
in return 意为“作为回报”,可单独使用。 Tom helped me a lot.In return, I invited him to dinner.汤姆帮了我许多,作为回报,我请他吃晚饭。
续表
易混词组 区别
in return for 意为“作为对……的回报”,相当于in reward for。 I invited Tom to dinner in return for his help.为了回报汤姆的帮助,我请他吃了晚饭。
经典例题
用in turn, in return和in return for填空
(1)The students answered the teacher’s questions .
(2)Tom would like to do something for his parents everything they’ve done for him.
(3)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything .
(4)A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics,which will promote its economic development.
参考答案
(1)in turn 句意:学生们依次回答老师的问题。
(2)in return for 句意:汤姆想为父母做点什么来回报他们为他所做的一切。
(3)in return 句意:在村子里待着的时候,詹姆斯无私地跟村民们分享他拥有的一切,不求任何回报。
(4)in turn 句意:清洁的环境有助于这座城市申办奥运会,相应地,这将会促进它的经济发展。
Point3 digest
用法详解
vt. & vi.(1)消化(食物)
Most babies can digest a wide range of food easily.大多数婴儿能够轻易地消化多种食物。
(2)理解
I struggled to digest the news.我费力地琢磨着那条新闻。
n.摘要,文摘
The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.该组织定期出版一份环境统计数据摘要。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)It often takes a long time (digest) new ideas.
(2)Some books are to be chewed and (digest).
参考答案
(1)to digest 句意:吸收新思想往往需要很长一段时间。It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
(2)digested
Point4 alternative
用法详解
(1)adj.可供替代的
Do you have an alternative solution 你有没有别的解决办法
(2)n.可供选择的事物
常见搭配:have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事
You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.你的工资可以按周以现金支取,或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。
We had no alternative but to fire Gibson.我们别无选择只能辞退吉布森。
归纳拓展
have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事
have nothing to do but do sth.只能做某事
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible (alternative).
(2)This is one of those things we have no alternative but (do).
(3)When winter comes, cold-blooded animals have no choice but (lie) down and sleep.
(4) I have nothing (deal) with but read the newspaper.
参考答案
(1)alternatives (2)to do (3)to lie
(4)to deal
Point5 diverse
用法详解
diverse adj.不同的
My interests are very diverse.我的兴趣非常广泛。
归纳拓展
diversity n.(1)差异(性);不同(点)
the biological diversity of the rainforests热带雨林的生物多样性
(2)多样性;多样化
There is a need for greater diversity and choice in education.教育方面需要更加多元化和更大的选择性。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Few countries have as rich a (diverse) of habitat as South Africa.
(2)The word is now used in a sense (diversity) from the original meaning.
参考答案
(1)diversity 句意:几乎没有哪个国家像南非那样拥有如此丰富的多样化的动植物栖息地。分析句子结构可知此处应用名词。
(2)diverse 句意:在某种意义上,此词现在的含义与最初的含义完全不同。分析句子结构可知此处应用形容词。
Point6 depth
用法详解
depth n.深(度);最深处
Many dolphins can dive to depths of 200 metres.许多海豚可潜到200米深。
She was in the depths of despair.她处于绝望的深渊。
归纳拓展
(1)deep adj.①深的
deep water/snow 深水/厚雪
②极度的;严重的
He’s in deep trouble.他陷入极度困境之中。
(2)deeply adv.深深地;在深处
The miners were trapped deep underground.矿工被困在地下深处。
They were deeply disturbed by the accident.这个事故使他们深感不安。
常见搭配:breathe/sigh deeply深呼吸/深深叹息
sleep deeply酣睡
think deeply 沉思
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Only by fully experiencing the (deep) of our pain can we be healed from it and be done with it.
(2)It has touched me (deep) to see how these people live.
参考答案
(1)depth 句意:只有充分感受了深切的痛苦,我们才能从中走出,并将它抛诸脑后。分析句子结构可知此处应用名词。
(2)deeply 句意:看到这些人的生活情况,我深受触动。根据句意,此处表示“强烈地”,故用deeply。
Point7 root
用法详解
root n. (1)根;根茎
Tree roots can cause damage to buildings.树根会给大楼造成损害。
(2)根源;起因
Money, or love of money, is said to be the root of all evil.有人说钱或爱钱是万恶的根源。
(3)起源
Flamenco has its roots in Arabic music.弗拉明科起源于阿拉伯音乐。
v. 生根;翻寻
常见搭配:翻寻某物
She rooted through the bag, found what she wanted, and headed toward the door.她在包里翻了一阵,找到了想要的东西,然后朝门口走去。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Poverty has many (root), but top one is ignorance.
(2)“It must be here somewhere, ”she said, (root) through the suitcase.
(3)It is a dream deeply (root) in American dream.
(4)While it will be weeks before investigators root all the documents and details, many names will stick out.
参考答案
(1)roots (2)rooting (3)rooted
(4)through
Point8 keep…from
用法详解
keep…from
(1)keep from sth./keep oneself from sth.忍住不做某事
She could hardly keep from laughing.她差一点儿笑了出来。
(2)keep sb.from sth.阻止某人做某事
I hope I’m not keeping you from your work.我希望我没有妨碍你工作。
(3)keep sth.from sb.瞒着某人
I think we ought to keep the truth from him until he’s better.我想我们应该等他身体好点再告诉他实情。
归纳拓展
类似词组:
prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
He is prevented by law from holding a licence.法律不准他持有执照。
stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
You can’t stop people from saying what they think.人们怎么想就会怎么说,你阻止不了。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)I horse around quite a lot, just to keep from (get) bored.
(2)If he can keep smoking for a month or two his health will improve.
(3)Put on rain boots when washing floor, to prevent from (slip) down.
(4)You can’t stop her from (laugh) at by others because of her foolish behaviour.
参考答案
(1)getting 句意:我胡闹了一阵儿,只是为了摆脱无聊。介词from后应用现在分词。
(2)from 句意:他要是能一两个月不抽烟的话,他的健康一定会有起色。
(3)slipping 句意:清洗地面时穿上雨鞋以防滑倒。介词from后应用现在分词。
(4)being laughed 句意:你不能阻止她被他人嘲笑,因为她愚蠢的行为。介词from后应用现在分词,根据句意可知应用被动语态。
Point9 come up with
用法详解
come up with 想出,提出(计划,方法等)
Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.她提出了增加销售额的一个新招儿。
归纳拓展
come的其他短语:
特别提醒
come up作“被提出,被谈到”讲时为不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态;come up with意为“提出”, 其主语为该动作的发出者,宾语为表示建议、计划、方案等的名词。
A new idea came up in the discussion.一个新想法在这次讨论中被提了出来。
She came up with a new idea in the discussion.她在这次讨论中提出了一个新想法。
经典例题
1.单句改错
He came up the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.
_________________________________________________________________________
2.用come的相关短语填空
(1)I a group of children playing yesterday.
(2)Jeane’s name has a lot in the meeting.
(3)I hope you can a better plan than this.
(4)How does it that you didn’t report this to us in good time
(5)All our dreams can , if we have the courage to pursue them.
(6)I opened my mouth to say something, but nothing would , so I nodded.
参考答案
1.up后加with
2.(1)came across (2)come up
(3)come up with (4)come about
(5)come true (6)come outSection Ⅲ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
重点词汇讲解
Point1 alleviate
用法详解
alleviate vt. 减轻;缓解
常见搭配:alleviate the problem/situation/suffering减轻/缓解问题/状况/痛苦
A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。
Our proposed approach would help to alleviate this problem.我们建议的方法将有助于缓解这一问题。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Nowadays, a great deal can be done (alleviate) back pain.
(2)It is a common problem that can (alleviate) and cured if you act quickly.
Point2 in turn
用法详解
in turn可做状语, 常位于句中或句末。其含义有以下两种:
(1)转而,相应地
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论来源于实践,反过来又服务于实践。
(2)轮流,依次,逐个
The children called out their names in turn.孩子们逐一自报姓名。
辨析比较in turn,in return与in return for
易混词组 区别
in turn ①意为“相应地,转而”;②意为“依次,轮流,逐个”。 Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.增加生产会继而增加利润。 The children got on the bus in turn.孩子们依次上了公共汽车。
in return 意为“作为回报”,可单独使用。 Tom helped me a lot.In return, I invited him to dinner.汤姆帮了我许多,作为回报,我请他吃晚饭。
续表
易混词组 区别
in return for 意为“作为对……的回报”,相当于in reward for。 I invited Tom to dinner in return for his help.为了回报汤姆的帮助,我请他吃了晚饭。
经典例题
用in turn, in return和in return for填空
(1)The students answered the teacher’s questions .
(2)Tom would like to do something for his parents everything they’ve done for him.
(3)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything .
(4)A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics,which will promote its economic development.
Point3 digest
用法详解
vt. & vi.(1)消化(食物)
Most babies can digest a wide range of food easily.大多数婴儿能够轻易地消化多种食物。
(2)理解
I struggled to digest the news.我费力地琢磨着那条新闻。
n.摘要,文摘
The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.该组织定期出版一份环境统计数据摘要。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)It often takes a long time (digest) new ideas.
(2)Some books are to be chewed and (digest).
Point4 alternative
用法详解
(1)adj.可供替代的
Do you have an alternative solution 你有没有别的解决办法
(2)n.可供选择的事物
常见搭配:have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事
You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.你的工资可以按周以现金支取,或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。
We had no alternative but to fire Gibson.我们别无选择只能辞退吉布森。
归纳拓展
have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事
have nothing to do but do sth.只能做某事
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible (alternative).
(2)This is one of those things we have no alternative but (do).
(3)When winter comes, cold-blooded animals have no choice but (lie) down and sleep.
(4) I have nothing (deal) with but read the newspaper.
Point5 diverse
用法详解
diverse adj.不同的
My interests are very diverse.我的兴趣非常广泛。
归纳拓展
diversity n.(1)差异(性);不同(点)
the biological diversity of the rainforests热带雨林的生物多样性
(2)多样性;多样化
There is a need for greater diversity and choice in education.教育方面需要更加多元化和更大的选择性。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Few countries have as rich a (diverse) of habitat as South Africa.
(2)The word is now used in a sense (diversity) from the original meaning.
Point6 depth
用法详解
depth n.深(度);最深处
Many dolphins can dive to depths of 200 metres.许多海豚可潜到200米深。
She was in the depths of despair.她处于绝望的深渊。
归纳拓展
(1)deep adj.①深的
deep water/snow 深水/厚雪
②极度的;严重的
He’s in deep trouble.他陷入极度困境之中。
(2)deeply adv.深深地;在深处
The miners were trapped deep underground.矿工被困在地下深处。
They were deeply disturbed by the accident.这个事故使他们深感不安。
常见搭配:breathe/sigh deeply深呼吸/深深叹息
sleep deeply酣睡
think deeply 沉思
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Only by fully experiencing the (deep) of our pain can we be healed from it and be done with it.
(2)It has touched me (deep) to see how these people live.
Point7 root
用法详解
root n. (1)根;根茎
Tree roots can cause damage to buildings.树根会给大楼造成损害。
(2)根源;起因
Money, or love of money, is said to be the root of all evil.有人说钱或爱钱是万恶的根源。
(3)起源
Flamenco has its roots in Arabic music.弗拉明科起源于阿拉伯音乐。
v. 生根;翻寻
常见搭配:翻寻某物
She rooted through the bag, found what she wanted, and headed toward the door.她在包里翻了一阵,找到了想要的东西,然后朝门口走去。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)Poverty has many (root), but top one is ignorance.
(2)“It must be here somewhere, ”she said, (root) through the suitcase.
(3)It is a dream deeply (root) in American dream.
(4)While it will be weeks before investigators root all the documents and details, many names will stick out.
Point8 keep…from
用法详解
keep…from
(1)keep from sth./keep oneself from sth.忍住不做某事
She could hardly keep from laughing.她差一点儿笑了出来。
(2)keep sb.from sth.阻止某人做某事
I hope I’m not keeping you from your work.我希望我没有妨碍你工作。
(3)keep sth.from sb.瞒着某人
I think we ought to keep the truth from him until he’s better.我想我们应该等他身体好点再告诉他实情。
归纳拓展
类似词组:
prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
He is prevented by law from holding a licence.法律不准他持有执照。
stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
You can’t stop people from saying what they think.人们怎么想就会怎么说,你阻止不了。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)I horse around quite a lot, just to keep from (get) bored.
(2)If he can keep smoking for a month or two his health will improve.
(3)Put on rain boots when washing floor, to prevent from (slip) down.
(4)You can’t stop her from (laugh) at by others because of her foolish behaviour.
Point9 come up with
用法详解
come up with 想出,提出(计划,方法等)
Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.她提出了增加销售额的一个新招儿。
归纳拓展
come的其他短语:
特别提醒
come up作“被提出,被谈到”讲时为不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态;come up with意为“提出”, 其主语为该动作的发出者,宾语为表示建议、计划、方案等的名词。
A new idea came up in the discussion.一个新想法在这次讨论中被提了出来。
She came up with a new idea in the discussion.她在这次讨论中提出了一个新想法。
经典例题
1.单句改错
He came up the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.
_________________________________________________________________________
2.用come的相关短语填空
(1)I a group of children playing yesterday.
(2)Jeane’s name has a lot in the meeting.
(3)I hope you can a better plan than this.
(4)How does it that you didn’t report this to us in good time
(5)All our dreams can , if we have the courage to pursue them.
(6)I opened my mouth to say something, but nothing would , so I nodded.
