新人教版高中英语选择性必修一第四单元重点句型讲解（二）
句式1 It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson.当学生对课程感兴趣时,很容易就能识别出来。
句式剖析
本句为复合句,when引导的是宾语从句,做recognise的宾语,主句为“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句型,其中It为形式主语,而不定式短语to do sth.为真正的主语。
考点提炼
“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句型
该句型可以拓展为两种形式:
(1)It is+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”,此句型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的,如difficult,easy,hard,important,necessary,possible等。
It is very important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。
It is illegal to drive a car without a license.在没有驾照的情况下开车是不合法的。
(2)It is+adj.+(of sb.)to do sth.意为“(某人)做某事是……的”,此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的,如kind,brave,clever,stupid,nice,good,silly,careful,naughty等。
It is clever of you to say so!你这样说可真聪明!
It was nice of them to invite us.他们真好,邀请了我们。
特别提醒
“It is+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sth.”句型考点透视:(1)形式主语的选择,即It 与其他词的辨析;(2)介词of/for的选择,根据形容词自身的属性选择介词;(3)不定式的选择,即不定式与过去分词、现在分词等的辨析。
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)It’s very foolish him not to accept your advice.
(2) was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
(3)It is difficult for us (do) so much work.We need more hands.
(4)It is nice you to help me out of trouble.
(5)It is hard Greece to get rid of the debt crisis.
2.根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)拥有健康的饮食习惯对我们来说很必要。(necessary)
to have healthy eating habits.
(2)他丢了这么多东西,真是太粗心了。(careless)
to lose so many things.
参考答案
1.(1)of (2)It (3)to do
(4)of (5)for
2.(1)It is necessary for us
(2)It is careless of him
句式2 So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.所以,如果一个学生低头看表,这意味着他很无聊,只是在数着下课的时间。
句式剖析
本句是一个含有条件状语从句和宾语从句的主从复合句。if引导的条件状语从句中“has his head lowered”为“have+宾语+宾补”结构,his head与lower之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾补。
考点提炼
“have sth.done”结构
该结构中have为使役动词,意为“使,让”,该结构可表示以下两种意义:
(1)使某事被做
We’re having our car repaired.我们的车正在修理。
He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。
(2)蒙受(他人所为的后果)(此事违背主语的意愿)
She had all her jewellery stolen.她所有的珠宝都被偷了。
He had his leg injured in the accident.他的腿在这场事故中受伤了。
归纳拓展
①have意为“使,让”时构成的其他常见结构:
have sb.doing sth. 让某人一直做某事。强调动作一直在持续。 I’m sorry to have you waiting here so long.很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。
have sb.do sth. 让某人做某事。相当于let/make sb.do sth.或get sb.to do sth. I will have him help you.我会让他帮你。
②have意为“有”时构成的常见结构:
have sth.to do 有某事要做。不定式做后置定语,不定式动作由主语发出,不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 I have a lot of things to take with me.我随身要带很多东西。
have sth.to be done 有某事要(他人)做。不定式的被动式做定语,do所表示的动作不是主语发出的。 Do you have anything to be taken to your son 你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗
特别提醒
①have sth.done 相当于make/get sth.done;②不管“have sth.done”结构表示何种意义,sth.与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)He is so eager to have his spoken English (improve)that he practices it every morning.
(2)The director had her assistant (prepare) some documents for the meeting.
(3)How could you have him (stand)in the cold all night
(4)After the farewell(欢送)party,we had a photo (take)to record this precious moment.
(5)I have no time to play computer games,because I have much homework do.
2.同义句转换
Don’t worry.I’ll have John post the letter out.
(1)Don’t worry.I’ll post the letter out.(let)
(2)Don’t worry.I’ll post the letter out.(get)
参考答案
1.(1)improved his spoken English与improve之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾补。
(2)prepare 句意:主任让她的助手为会议准备一些文件。have sb.do sth.让某人做某事。
(3)standing have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”,强调动作一直在持续。
(4)taken photo与take之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处用过去分词做宾补。
(5)to 句意:我没有时间玩电脑游戏,因为我有很多作业要做。have sth.to do意为“有某事要做”。
2.(1)let John
(2)get John to
句式3lt is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.他们就像睁着眼睛睡着了。
句式剖析
本句的结构分析如下:
考点提炼
as if/as though 引导从句的用法
as if/as though意为“似乎,好像”,其具体用法如下:
(1)引导表语从句,常置于系动词look,seem,sound等之后。
This time it looks as if we’re really going to get somewhere.这一次,我们似乎真的要取得进展了。
It sounds as if they might have made a dreadful mistake.听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。
(2)引导方式状语从句,用来修饰主句的谓语。
Eliza stood up as if/though she wanted to leave.伊丽莎站起来,似乎她想要离开。
特别提醒
①as if/as though 引导的从句若表达的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,从句常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)或过去完成时分别表示对现在或过去情况的假设。
Laughter brings people together and drives away all stress-related problems as if they never existed.笑声使人们走到一起来,驱走所有与压力相关的问题,就好像它们从来不存在似的。
Jack wasn’t say anything,but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.杰克什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。
②当as if/as though引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句谓语中又含有be动词时,从句主语和be动词可省略。
She left the room hurriedly as if(she was)angry.她匆忙离开房间,像是生气了。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do)it
(2)I don’t know why she is looking at me as though she (know)me.I’ve never seen her before.
(3)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as though it (be)broken.
(4)To the couple’s great surprise,the house was in a mess as if (break)into.
参考答案
(1)had done 句意:是约翰打破窗户的,为什么你和我说起话来好像是我打破了窗户似的 从句表示的是与过去事实相反的假设,故用过去完成时。
(2)knew as if在此引导方式状语从句,从句用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的假设。
(3)were 句意:当一支铅笔的一部分置于一杯水中时,它看起来就像折断了一样。根据句意可知,此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,故从句用一般过去时。
(4)broken as if引导状语从句,从句中省略了“it was”。break into与house之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处填过去分词broken。
句式4
考点提炼
with的复合结构
with+宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语
注意:with的复合结构既可以做后置定语,也可以做状语。
She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪告别。
With prices going up so fast,we can’t afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起奢侈品了。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
由于自行车被偷了,她不得不步行回家。
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
他低着头站在老师面前。
With the floor wet,I had to stay outside.
由于地板潮湿,我只得待在屋外。
特别提醒
在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,若with的宾语与构成宾补的动词为逻辑上的动宾关系,则用过去分词做宾语补足语;若with的宾语与构成宾补的动词为逻辑上的主谓关系,则用现在分词做宾语补足语;若侧重表示将来的动作,则用不定式做宾语补足语,即使with的宾语与不定式中的动词为逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式也通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries (recognize)its role in international affairs.
(2)Moreover,with the stadium (set)up,a wide range of sports events are able to be held,of which ping-pong and football,as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.
(3)With a new farm bill (debate)in Congress soon,consumers(消费者)must take a stand with young farmers.
参考答案
(1)recognizing 句意:随着更多的国家承认中国在国际事务中所起的作用,中国的形象正在稳步提升。考查非谓语动词。在with的复合结构中,“more countries”与recognize存在逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词做宾语补足语。
(2)set 此处指随着体育场的建立。考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合结构,set up与“the stadium”是被动关系,故用过去分词。
(3)to be debated 此处指在议会上一个新的农场议案即将被审议。考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合结构,“a new farm bill”与debate之间是被动关系,再根据soon可知,应该用不定式的被动形式。
句式5 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
句式剖析
考点提炼
while引导让步状语从句
while 引导让步状语从句时,意为“虽然,尽管”,从句一般位于句首,且用正常语序。
While she is a lovely girl,she can be extremely difficult to work with.
虽然她是一个可爱的女孩,但(其他人)很难与她共事。
归纳拓展
while做连词时的其他用法:
(1)做从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候,与……同
经典例题
1.同义句转换
While it was hot at night,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
(1) ,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.(as)
(2) ,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (though/although)
2.写出下列句子中while的词性及含义
(1)She appeared after a while.
(2)Be careful while you are crossing the road.
(3)While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.
(4)I like sports while my sister likes music.
时”。从句中的谓语动词均为延续性动词或表示状态的词。
(2)做并列连词,意为“而,然而”,表对比关系,而非转折关系。
特别提醒
although,though,as 也可引导让步状语从句,但用法不同,使用时需注意:
①although 多用于句首,且从句不用倒装语序。
②though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装。用倒装语序时,做表语的名词或形容词要提前。
③as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装语序,即把做表语的形容词、名词,做状语的副词或做谓语的实义动词提到句首,如果是单数名词做表语,把它提到句首时,其前不用冠词。
Young as he is,he is equal to the task.他虽年轻,却能胜任这项工作。
(5)There will be life while there is water and air.
参考答案
1.(1)Hot as it was at night
(2)Hot though it was at night或Though/Although it was hot at night
2.(1)名词 一会儿
(2)连词 当……时候
(3)连词 虽然;尽管
(4)连词 然而;而
(5)连词 只要
句式6 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school.他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动,什么时候该介入,什么时候该单独和学生谈话,这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。
句式剖析
lets me know中的lets做谓语,know…是宾语补足语,后面3个when+to…属于“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,做动词know的宾语。
考点提炼
“疑问词/whether+不定式”结构
How to improve English is often discussed among the students.这些学生们经常讨论如何提高英语水平。(做主语)
They are discussing where to go for the summer holiday.(=They are discussing where they are going for the summer holiday.)他们正在讨论去哪儿过暑假。(做宾语)
The problem is what to eat for dinner.问题是晚饭吃什么。(做表语)
I have no idea when to tell her the bad news.我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消息。(做同位语)
The question whether to help him troubled the girl.是否要帮助他这个问题使这位女孩很苦恼。(做同位语)
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)There was an awkward(令人尴尬的)silence when no one knew to say,and then I changed the subject.
(2)Having discussed for a whole night,we still couldn’t agree on when (start)and where (go)for the holiday.
(3)For my friend Jack,where to live (be) still a problem at present.
2.同义句转换
(1)He doesn’t know what he will talk about.
___________________________________________
(2)I really have no idea whether I should accept her invitation or not.
_____________________________________________________________
3.根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)然而,我的父母似乎并不这么认为,他们总是告诉我该做什么,该怎么做。
However,my parents didn’t seem to think so.They always told me what to do and .
(2)李江和苏华就向英国学生打招呼时穿什么意见不一。
Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on when greeting the British students.
参考答案
1.(1)what 句意:当没有人知道要说什么的时候有一阵尴尬的沉默,然后我转移了话题。
(2)to start;to go 句意:讨论了整整一个晚上,我们仍没能在何时出发和去哪里度假的问题上达成一致。
(3)is 句意:对我的朋友杰克来说,目前在哪儿住仍然是一个问题。
2.(1)He doesn’t know what to talk about.
(2)I really have no idea whether to accept her invitation or not.
3.(1)how to do it (2)what to wear新人教版高中英语选择性必修一第四单元重点句型讲解（二）
句式1 It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson.当学生对课程感兴趣时,很容易就能识别出来。
句式剖析
本句为复合句,when引导的是宾语从句,做recognise的宾语,主句为“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句型,其中It为形式主语,而不定式短语to do sth.为真正的主语。
考点提炼
“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句型
该句型可以拓展为两种形式:
(1)It is+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”,此句型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的,如difficult,easy,hard,important,necessary,possible等。
It is very important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。
It is illegal to drive a car without a license.在没有驾照的情况下开车是不合法的。
(2)It is+adj.+(of sb.)to do sth.意为“(某人)做某事是……的”,此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的,如kind,brave,clever,stupid,nice,good,silly,careful,naughty等。
It is clever of you to say so!你这样说可真聪明!
It was nice of them to invite us.他们真好,邀请了我们。
特别提醒
“It is+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sth.”句型考点透视:(1)形式主语的选择,即It 与其他词的辨析;(2)介词of/for的选择,根据形容词自身的属性选择介词;(3)不定式的选择,即不定式与过去分词、现在分词等的辨析。
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)It’s very foolish him not to accept your advice.
(2) was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
(3)It is difficult for us (do) so much work.We need more hands.
(4)It is nice you to help me out of trouble.
(5)It is hard Greece to get rid of the debt crisis.
2.根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)拥有健康的饮食习惯对我们来说很必要。(necessary)
to have healthy eating habits.
(2)他丢了这么多东西,真是太粗心了。(careless)
to lose so many things.
句式2 So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.所以,如果一个学生低头看表,这意味着他很无聊,只是在数着下课的时间。
句式剖析
本句是一个含有条件状语从句和宾语从句的主从复合句。if引导的条件状语从句中“has his head lowered”为“have+宾语+宾补”结构,his head与lower之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾补。
考点提炼
“have sth.done”结构
该结构中have为使役动词,意为“使,让”,该结构可表示以下两种意义:
(1)使某事被做
We’re having our car repaired.我们的车正在修理。
He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。
(2)蒙受(他人所为的后果)(此事违背主语的意愿)
She had all her jewellery stolen.她所有的珠宝都被偷了。
He had his leg injured in the accident.他的腿在这场事故中受伤了。
归纳拓展
①have意为“使,让”时构成的其他常见结构:
have sb.doing sth. 让某人一直做某事。强调动作一直在持续。 I’m sorry to have you waiting here so long.很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。
have sb.do sth. 让某人做某事。相当于let/make sb.do sth.或get sb.to do sth. I will have him help you.我会让他帮你。
②have意为“有”时构成的常见结构:
have sth.to do 有某事要做。不定式做后置定语,不定式动作由主语发出,不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 I have a lot of things to take with me.我随身要带很多东西。
have sth.to be done 有某事要(他人)做。不定式的被动式做定语,do所表示的动作不是主语发出的。 Do you have anything to be taken to your son 你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗
特别提醒
①have sth.done 相当于make/get sth.done;②不管“have sth.done”结构表示何种意义,sth.与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)He is so eager to have his spoken English (improve)that he practices it every morning.
(2)The director had her assistant (prepare) some documents for the meeting.
(3)How could you have him (stand)in the cold all night
(4)After the farewell(欢送)party,we had a photo (take)to record this precious moment.
(5)I have no time to play computer games,because I have much homework do.
2.同义句转换
Don’t worry.I’ll have John post the letter out.
(1)Don’t worry.I’ll post the letter out.(let)
(2)Don’t worry.I’ll post the letter out.(get)
句式3lt is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.他们就像睁着眼睛睡着了。
句式剖析
本句的结构分析如下:
考点提炼
as if/as though 引导从句的用法
as if/as though意为“似乎,好像”,其具体用法如下:
(1)引导表语从句,常置于系动词look,seem,sound等之后。
This time it looks as if we’re really going to get somewhere.这一次,我们似乎真的要取得进展了。
It sounds as if they might have made a dreadful mistake.听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。
(2)引导方式状语从句,用来修饰主句的谓语。
Eliza stood up as if/though she wanted to leave.伊丽莎站起来,似乎她想要离开。
特别提醒
①as if/as though 引导的从句若表达的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,从句常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)或过去完成时分别表示对现在或过去情况的假设。
Laughter brings people together and drives away all stress-related problems as if they never existed.笑声使人们走到一起来,驱走所有与压力相关的问题,就好像它们从来不存在似的。
Jack wasn’t say anything,but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.杰克什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。
②当as if/as though引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句谓语中又含有be动词时,从句主语和be动词可省略。
She left the room hurriedly as if(she was)angry.她匆忙离开房间,像是生气了。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do)it
(2)I don’t know why she is looking at me as though she (know)me.I’ve never seen her before.
(3)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as though it (be)broken.
(4)To the couple’s great surprise,the house was in a mess as if (break)into.
句式4
考点提炼
with的复合结构
with+宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语
注意:with的复合结构既可以做后置定语,也可以做状语。
She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪告别。
With prices going up so fast,we can’t afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起奢侈品了。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
由于自行车被偷了,她不得不步行回家。
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
他低着头站在老师面前。
With the floor wet,I had to stay outside.
由于地板潮湿,我只得待在屋外。
特别提醒
在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,若with的宾语与构成宾补的动词为逻辑上的动宾关系,则用过去分词做宾语补足语;若with的宾语与构成宾补的动词为逻辑上的主谓关系,则用现在分词做宾语补足语;若侧重表示将来的动作,则用不定式做宾语补足语,即使with的宾语与不定式中的动词为逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式也通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
经典例题
单句语法填空
(1)China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries (recognize)its role in international affairs.
(2)Moreover,with the stadium (set)up,a wide range of sports events are able to be held,of which ping-pong and football,as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.
(3)With a new farm bill (debate)in Congress soon,consumers(消费者)must take a stand with young farmers.
句式5 While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
句式剖析
考点提炼
while引导让步状语从句
while 引导让步状语从句时,意为“虽然,尽管”,从句一般位于句首,且用正常语序。
While she is a lovely girl,she can be extremely difficult to work with.
虽然她是一个可爱的女孩,但(其他人)很难与她共事。
归纳拓展
while做连词时的其他用法:
(1)做从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候,与……同
经典例题
1.同义句转换
While it was hot at night,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
(1) ,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.(as)
(2) ,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (though/although)
2.写出下列句子中while的词性及含义
(1)She appeared after a while.
(2)Be careful while you are crossing the road.
(3)While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.
(4)I like sports while my sister likes music.
时”。从句中的谓语动词均为延续性动词或表示状态的词。
(2)做并列连词,意为“而,然而”,表对比关系,而非转折关系。
特别提醒
although,though,as 也可引导让步状语从句,但用法不同,使用时需注意:
①although 多用于句首,且从句不用倒装语序。
②though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装。用倒装语序时,做表语的名词或形容词要提前。
③as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装语序,即把做表语的形容词、名词,做状语的副词或做谓语的实义动词提到句首,如果是单数名词做表语,把它提到句首时,其前不用冠词。
Young as he is,he is equal to the task.他虽年轻,却能胜任这项工作。
(5)There will be life while there is water and air.
句式6 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school.他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候该调整课堂活动,什么时候该介入,什么时候该单独和学生谈话,这样他们就能从学校里得到最大的收获。
句式剖析
lets me know中的lets做谓语,know…是宾语补足语,后面3个when+to…属于“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,做动词know的宾语。
考点提炼
“疑问词/whether+不定式”结构
How to improve English is often discussed among the students.这些学生们经常讨论如何提高英语水平。(做主语)
They are discussing where to go for the summer holiday.(=They are discussing where they are going for the summer holiday.)他们正在讨论去哪儿过暑假。(做宾语)
The problem is what to eat for dinner.问题是晚饭吃什么。(做表语)
I have no idea when to tell her the bad news.我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消息。(做同位语)
The question whether to help him troubled the girl.是否要帮助他这个问题使这位女孩很苦恼。(做同位语)
经典例题
1.单句语法填空
(1)There was an awkward(令人尴尬的)silence when no one knew to say,and then I changed the subject.
(2)Having discussed for a whole night,we still couldn’t agree on when (start)and where (go)for the holiday.
(3)For my friend Jack,where to live (be) still a problem at present.
2.同义句转换
(1)He doesn’t know what he will talk about.
___________________________________________
(2)I really have no idea whether I should accept her invitation or not.
_____________________________________________________________
3.根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)然而,我的父母似乎并不这么认为,他们总是告诉我该做什么,该怎么做。
However,my parents didn’t seem to think so.They always told me what to do and .
(2)李江和苏华就向英国学生打招呼时穿什么意见不一。
Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on when greeting the British students.
