Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?完成时导学案（无答案）

初中英语完成时导学案
姓名__ _
动词的时态归纳(以 do 为例)
（注：以上为高中要求掌握的十种时态，注意过去将来时和将来进行时为初中阶段不着重掌握的内容。此次我们将会对其中三个完成时进行学习，其中现在完成时为重中之重）
一．现在完成时
基本结构：have/has+动词的过去分词（have 为助动词）
用法及定义：
表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在产生的影响或造成的结果，着眼于现在
（包括“已完成”与“未完成”）如：
I have never exercised. 我从没锻炼过。(导致现在体质差)
Cindy can watch TV for two hours because she has finished all the homework.辛迪可以看两小时电视，因为她完成了所有的作业。(过去做完作业导致现在可看电视) He has bought a car.他买了车了。(现在可以开车出门)
Have you seen him before？你之前见过他吗？（见过我就不用介绍了）
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表示一个动作发生在过去，延续到现在，并且有可能继续延续下去，常与时间段连用（涉及到瞬间动词变延续性动词，详见第 6 点）如：
He has worked here since 2009.他从 2009 年起就在这里工作。
The couple have/has married for 3 years.这对夫妇结婚三年了。
Great changes have taken place in Deyang in the last 10 years.过去十年德阳发生了巨大的变化。
How long have you studied English 你学习英语多久了？
常见的时态标志词
表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在产生的影响或造成的结果的：
表示一个动作发生在过去，延续到现在，并且有可能一直持续下去的：
【练习】
① You needn’t tell him. I (tell) him before.
② Mary lost her pen. you (see) it
③ We just (have) our lunch.
④ She (live) in Hubei for ten years.
⑤ Half an hour (pass) since the train (leave).
⑥ 你曾经看过这本书吗？（翻译成一般疑问句并否定回答）
- you this book
- , I .
我从未看过这本书。I have this book.
⑦ I (find) my pencil yet.
⑧ Linda and Jenny have been in Chengdu since ten years ago.(转换同义句) Linda and Jenny have been in Chengdu .
⑨ 请用 since 的三种用法翻译“我在德阳中学学习两年了。”再提问。
I have studied in Deyang Middle School since .
I have studied in Deyang Middle School since .
I have studied in Deyang Middle School since I years old.
have you studied in Deyang Middle School
⑩ Mr Smith (write) 6 books in the last few years.
句型结构
【练习】
①We have already finished writing our letters.(转为否定句和疑问句)
否定句：We finished writing our letters .
一般疑问句： you finished writing letters
否定回答： , .
对划线部分提问：What have you
② 他从出生起就住在这。(since; be born)
肯定句： .
否定句： .
一般疑问句： .
特殊疑问句： .
(对 since 引导的从句提问)
③ -你决定了没有 -还没。
- you yet - .
have been to, have gone to 和 have been in
【练习】请用 have been to,have gone to 或 have been in 完成句子。
① - Where is your father？ - He Guangzhou.
② - you ever Guilin
- Yes, I’ve been there four times.
③ She Qingdao for almost fifteen years.
④ -Tom, would you like to bring your girlfriend to our party
-Sorry, she Xi’an. She that city since last Sunday. Maybe another time.
⑤ How many times you the history museum
完成时中常见的瞬间动词变延续性动词
(
buy
(bought)
have / has had
买
borrow (borrowed)
have / has kept
借
die
(died)
have / has been dead
死
leave (left)
have / has been away ( from )
离开
begin /start(began/started)
have / has been on
开始
join
(joined)
have / has been in
参 加
go (went)
have / has been there / in
去
come/arrive/reach/get to
have / has been here / in
来
/
到达
end (ended)
have/has been over
结束
marry(married)/get(got) married
have/has been married
结婚
fall/get ill(fell/got ill)
have/has been ill
生病
open(opened)
have/has been open
打开；营业
/
开业
close(closed)
have/has been closed
关闭；关门
)在现在完成时的第二个用法中，一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since 等)连用。此时必须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词（状态动词常为 be 动词+ adj./adv./prep 短语）：
*举一反三：把瞬间动词短语中变为表状态的 be 动词短语，如：睡着 fall asleep
变为 have/has been asleep; 醒来 wake up 变为 have/has been awake 等。
【练习】
①这本书我买了三年了。I this book for three years.
②电影已经开始 10 分钟了。The movie for ten minutes.
③我妈妈从上周起就在生病。My mother since last week.
④杨叔叔已经逝世 10 年了。Uncle Yang for ten years.
⑤这本书你已经借了 3 个月了！You this book for 3 months！
⑥我来德阳五年了。I Deyang for five years.
⑦你参军多久了？How long have you ？
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时：强调过去发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响和结果，不考虑何时发生与结束，或表示从过去持续到现在且有可能一直持续下去的动作或状态，侧重于“现在”。
一般过去时：表示过去某一时间点或时间段发生的动作或所处的状态，单纯谈论过去，与现在无关。
【练习】试比较以下几组句子。
① I have already visited the Great Wall. 我已经参观了长城了。（ ）
I visited the Great Wall last month. 我上周参观了长城。（ ）
② My elder brother has learned English for six years.
我哥已学了 6 年英语。（ ）
My elder brother learned English from 2006 to 2012.
我哥学了 6 年英语。（ ）
③ He has lived here since 2000.他 2000 年起就住这了。（ ）
He lived here in 2020.他 2020 年住在这。（ ）
④ We haven’t had lunch yet.我们还没吃午饭。（ ）
We didn’t have lunch.我们没吃午饭。（ ）
⑤ I lost my pen last week.我上周丢失了我的笔，（ ）
I have lost my pen since last week.我上周就丢了我的笔。（ ）
二．现在完成进行时
基本结构：have/has been + 现在分词
用法及定义：
表示一个动作从过去某事发生，一直延续到现在并可能一直延续下去，有“未
完成”之意（与现在完成时的第二个用法相似）如：
We have been talking about how to solve the problem.
我们一直在谈论如何解决这个问题。（还没想出来解决方案）
How long has it been raining 雨下了多久了？（雨还在下）
【练习】翻译以下两个句子并写出隐含意思。
Aren’t you tired You have been working here all day.
.( )
They have been building the bridge for two months.
( )
表示动作发生在过去，刚刚结束。
My clothes are wet. I have been walking in the rain.
我的衣服湿了，我一直走在雨中。（ ）
-Where have you been -I have been watering flowers in the garden. 你去哪儿了？我一直在花园里浇花。（ ） We have been looking for you for an hour.
我们找了你一个小时。（ ）
三．过去完成时
基本结构：had+过去分词
用法及定义：
表示动作发生在“过去的过去”（表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前就已完成或发生的动作或状态）如：
They had got everything ready before I arrived.我到之前，他们已经把一切准备好了。She had got up before I called.我打电话前她就已经起床了。
The meeting had been on for 10 minutes when I got there.当我到那时，会议已经开始 10 分钟了。
hope, want, mean(打算), plan, expect 等词的过去完成时可用于表示本来打算做却没有做的事情（未曾实现的意图或希望等）（此用法不常见）
I had meant to tell you the truth, but I didn’t find a chance.我本打算告诉你真相，但是我没有找到机会。
He had wanted to help you but he had no time then.他本想帮你的，但当时没有时间。
常与 by the time/when 引导的时间状语从句或“by/before+过去的时间”连用。
【练习】
①By the time I got home, my brother (fall asleep).
②The movie (start) before I got to the cinema.
③He told me he (live) in the house for ten years.
【附】单项选择
I already in this school for three years.
A．was; studying B．are; studying C．will; study D．have; studied
I English since 2010.
A．have learned B．have learn C．learned D．learn
I my pencil yet.
A．have found B．haven’t found C．found D．find
Mr. Brown isn’t at home. He to his office.
A．has been B．has gone C．has in D．went
Zhao Lan already in this school for two years.
A.was; studying B.will; study C.has; studied D.are; studying
We Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A．know B．had known C．have known D．knew
His father the Party since 1978.
A. joined B．has joined C．was in D．has been in
8.---Our country a lot so far.
---Yes. I hope it will be even .
A．has changed; well B．changed; good
C．has changed; better D．changed; better 9.Her grandfather for two years.
A．has been dead B．has died C．died D．has been died 10.Miss Green isn’t in the office. She to the library
A．went B．was C．has gone D．has been