高中代词复习和语言综合训练
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文档简介
学员编号： 年 级：高二 课时数：3学员姓名：张雯 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：周小兰
学科组长/带头人签名及日期
课 题 代词学习和语言综合训练1
授课时间：2012-06- 备课时间：2012-06-26
教学目标 理解各代词的定义和用法区别
重点、难点 人称代词、不定代词、疑问代词的灵活运用
考点及考试要求 完型、填空和阅读等题型。
教学内容
Step One: Warming Up Hello!Greeting 以2007-2011年广东高考语法填空所考察的代词为例：年份类别20112010200920082007人称代词theyithim/itither物主代词his反身代词不定代词bothanother疑问代词（从句连接词）whomwhen/whowherewho/where指示代词that 由上可知，近几年来高考试题语法填空对代词的考查比较多，各种人称代词的主格、宾格形式；某些不定代词、指示代词的特定用法；it的用法；从句中关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热点。Step Two: Revision Come on!边做边悟：请认真完成下面的语法填空，然后总结自己的所得和所失：1.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ____walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.I’m glad I made a choice. It made ___ of us feel good.3.(2010)He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like __ ”4.(2009)... although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ____.5. (2009) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.6. (2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about __day and night. 7. (2007) I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ _ . 思考总结：关于正确项，你能解释一下理由吗？关于错误项，你能尝试分析其所在句子的成分吗？此时，有了初步的备考策略吗？解决高分的瓶颈，在于从整体上把握代词知识。Step Three : Key points and analysis 英语代词定义：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、不定式、V-ing形式、从句或句子的词。分类：大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词和不定代词，等等。重点讲解：人称代词
1. 概念与形式 ：人称代词是表示“我(们)”、“你(们)”、“他、她(们)”、“它(们)”的词。人称代词不仅可以指人，也可指物，有人称、数和格的变化。2. 功能：人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格形式在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格形式在句中作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等，有时也作表语。如：I like table tennis. Do you know him ---Who is knocking at the door ---It’s I/me.注：人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.3. it的用法1）作形式主语和形式宾语。当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，为了使句子保持平衡，通常把主语放在谓语动词之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。在复合宾语中，当宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。[典例2] ________worries me that he keeps changing his mind.A．This B．ThatC．What D．It [典例3] He didn't make ________clear when and where the meeting would be held.A．this B．thatC．it D．these2）用于以下句型。强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语、状语)＋that(who)＋句子的其余成分。强调句型只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)的位置改变，如果把强调结构(it is/was...that/who)去掉之后，句子还应是完整的。[典例4] I don't mind her criticizing me，but________is how she does it that I object to.A．it B．thatC．this D．which (2)It is＋一段时间＋since从句(3)It was/will be＋一段时间＋before从句[典例5] He was told that it would be at least three more months ________he could recover and return to work.A．when B．beforeC．since D．that练练手：【2011北京卷,34】The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that【2011天津卷,1】We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one【2011山东卷,24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that〖10四川〗On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine〖09浙江〗－I’ve read another book this week.－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. this B. that C. there D. it〖08湖南〗Our nerghbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.A. us,it B. us,itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it〖07湖南〗To save class time, our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 〖03NMET〗---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. ---Why____ John is sitting there doing nothing. A.him B.he C.I D.me〖02 NMET〗The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. what物主代词1. 概念与形式 ：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。2. 作用和用法：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（theirs相当于their school,作主语）--- Is this English-book yours
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
（yours相当于your English-book,作表语;mine相当于my English-book,作主语 ）物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。
公式为：
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如： a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
a friend of hers/his/theirs/ours = one of his friends 她(他、他们、我们)的一个朋友the watch of hers= one of her watches指示代词1. 概念与形式 ：用来指代或标记人或事物的代词。表示“那个”、“这个”、“那些”、“这些”包括：this，that，these，those。2. 作用和用法：A: this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人; that和those 则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。例如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil．
We are busy these days．B: 有时that和those代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复。 that代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词。those 代替复数名词。this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。例如：
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this:pronunciation is very important in learning English． Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．C: this在电话用语中代表自己, that 则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking 注意：替代词one，ones，that和those的用法区别1．one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。2．ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念。3．that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。4．those用来替代前面出现的复数名词，是特指概念，相当于the＋复数名词，但多用于两者间的另外一方(一批)。练练手：【2011重庆卷,27】——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.——What do you think of over there A. the one B. this C.it D.that〖08辽宁〗—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street —Victoria Street ______ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. Such B. There C. That D. This反身代词 1. 概念与形式 ：表示“我(们)自己”，“你(们)自己”，“他(她、它)(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词也叫自身代词。2. 作用和用法：反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。A: 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fish.
He called himself a writer． 注: 有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down.在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：No one but myself (me) is hurt.
注意:
A. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语
(错) Myself drove the car.
(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。
Charles and myself saw it.B. 作表语
It doesn‘t matter. I’ll be myself soon．
The girl in the news is myself． C. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人
I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）
You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语）D. 反身代词常和for,of,in,by等介词搭配，构成固定短语for oneself 亲自 of oneself 自动 in oneself 本身固有 by oneself 独自 练练手：【2011安徽卷,22】Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself〖10上海〗If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves不定代词1. 概念与形式：不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。且不定代词没有主格、宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。I have no idea about it.2. 各不定代词区别用法：some，any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture I can't see any. If you have no money, I'll lend you some.注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。 other, the other, another, others, the others的区别1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books I haven't any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one 6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.all和both的区别 1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。all of/both of后为名词时, of可省略, 但为宾格代词时不可省略。 All of us like Mr Pope. (作主语) = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语) That's all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish (作宾语) All the leaders are here. (作定语) All(of) the people here love peace.2）both作代词。①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents They're both fine. ②与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting.③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.none，no one，nothing的区别none既可指人，也可指物，侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物，后可接of短语，作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句。例如：How much water is there in the bottle None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.no one只能指人，是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导疑问句，不与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。nothing常用来回答由what引导的疑问句。例如：Who is in the room No noe.What is in the fridge Nothing.each，every，either，neither的区别each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每一个”，侧重个体，后面可接of短语；every侧重三个或三个以上中的“每一个”，强调“无一例外”的含义。例如：The teacher gave a toy to each of us.Every child likes playing.either指两个人或事物中的任意一个，表选择；neither用于两者之间的否定，表示“两者都不”,例如：—Do you want tea or coffee —Either,I really don't mind. It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which neither of the parents spoke the language.练练手：【2011全国卷II,11】I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing【2011上海春招,26】They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions. A. either B. all C. none D. neither【2011浙江卷,7】Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ________ else. A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere【2011四川卷,3】There is in his words. We should have a try.A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything【2011湖南卷,24】I knew that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing【2011辽宁卷,27】——Would you like tea or coffee —— , thank you. I've just had some water.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither〖10安徽〗You are a team star! Working with_______ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other疑问代词 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow （作主语）What is that (作表语)Whose umbrella is this (作定语)Whom are you waiting for (作宾语)关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster Step Four: Language Feedback 一、单项选择：1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. ---You want ________ sandwich ---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ---Never mind. You can have ________. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning ---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term ---Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for ---Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. ---Is _______ here ---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang ---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe ---No. _______ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _______ English last term Was _____ Mr. Smith A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo ---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary You may have _______. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______ our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs二、真题语篇训练2009年（语法填空）Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 1 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 2 （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not 3 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 4 （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter ____5______ some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her ____6___ （choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _____7____ sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _____8____. When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already ______9______ table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ___10_______（inform）. 三、语言综合检测（附带试题）加油！
学科组长/带头人签名及日期
课 题 代词学习和语言综合训练1
授课时间：2012-06- 备课时间：2012-06-26
教学目标 理解各代词的定义和用法区别
重点、难点 人称代词、不定代词、疑问代词的灵活运用
考点及考试要求 完型、填空和阅读等题型。
教学内容
Step One: Warming Up Hello!Greeting 以2007-2011年广东高考语法填空所考察的代词为例：年份类别20112010200920082007人称代词theyithim/itither物主代词his反身代词不定代词bothanother疑问代词（从句连接词）whomwhen/whowherewho/where指示代词that 由上可知，近几年来高考试题语法填空对代词的考查比较多，各种人称代词的主格、宾格形式；某些不定代词、指示代词的特定用法；it的用法；从句中关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热点。Step Two: Revision Come on!边做边悟：请认真完成下面的语法填空，然后总结自己的所得和所失：1.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ____walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.I’m glad I made a choice. It made ___ of us feel good.3.(2010)He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like __ ”4.(2009)... although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ____.5. (2009) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult __was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.6. (2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about __day and night. 7. (2007) I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ _ . 思考总结：关于正确项，你能解释一下理由吗？关于错误项，你能尝试分析其所在句子的成分吗？此时，有了初步的备考策略吗？解决高分的瓶颈，在于从整体上把握代词知识。Step Three : Key points and analysis 英语代词定义：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、不定式、V-ing形式、从句或句子的词。分类：大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词和不定代词，等等。重点讲解：人称代词
1. 概念与形式 ：人称代词是表示“我(们)”、“你(们)”、“他、她(们)”、“它(们)”的词。人称代词不仅可以指人，也可指物，有人称、数和格的变化。2. 功能：人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格形式在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格形式在句中作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等，有时也作表语。如：I like table tennis. Do you know him ---Who is knocking at the door ---It’s I/me.注：人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.3. it的用法1）作形式主语和形式宾语。当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，为了使句子保持平衡，通常把主语放在谓语动词之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。在复合宾语中，当宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。[典例2] ________worries me that he keeps changing his mind.A．This B．ThatC．What D．It [典例3] He didn't make ________clear when and where the meeting would be held.A．this B．thatC．it D．these2）用于以下句型。强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语、状语)＋that(who)＋句子的其余成分。强调句型只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)的位置改变，如果把强调结构(it is/was...that/who)去掉之后，句子还应是完整的。[典例4] I don't mind her criticizing me，but________is how she does it that I object to.A．it B．thatC．this D．which (2)It is＋一段时间＋since从句(3)It was/will be＋一段时间＋before从句[典例5] He was told that it would be at least three more months ________he could recover and return to work.A．when B．beforeC．since D．that练练手：【2011北京卷,34】The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that【2011天津卷,1】We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one【2011山东卷,24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that〖10四川〗On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine〖09浙江〗－I’ve read another book this week.－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. this B. that C. there D. it〖08湖南〗Our nerghbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.A. us,it B. us,itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it〖07湖南〗To save class time, our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 〖03NMET〗---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. ---Why____ John is sitting there doing nothing. A.him B.he C.I D.me〖02 NMET〗The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. what物主代词1. 概念与形式 ：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。2. 作用和用法：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（theirs相当于their school,作主语）--- Is this English-book yours
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
（yours相当于your English-book,作表语;mine相当于my English-book,作主语 ）物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。
公式为：
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如： a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
a friend of hers/his/theirs/ours = one of his friends 她(他、他们、我们)的一个朋友the watch of hers= one of her watches指示代词1. 概念与形式 ：用来指代或标记人或事物的代词。表示“那个”、“这个”、“那些”、“这些”包括：this，that，these，those。2. 作用和用法：A: this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人; that和those 则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。例如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil．
We are busy these days．B: 有时that和those代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复。 that代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词。those 代替复数名词。this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。例如：
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this:pronunciation is very important in learning English． Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．C: this在电话用语中代表自己, that 则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking 注意：替代词one，ones，that和those的用法区别1．one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。2．ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念。3．that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。4．those用来替代前面出现的复数名词，是特指概念，相当于the＋复数名词，但多用于两者间的另外一方(一批)。练练手：【2011重庆卷,27】——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.——What do you think of over there A. the one B. this C.it D.that〖08辽宁〗—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street —Victoria Street ______ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. Such B. There C. That D. This反身代词 1. 概念与形式 ：表示“我(们)自己”，“你(们)自己”，“他(她、它)(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词也叫自身代词。2. 作用和用法：反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。A: 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fish.
He called himself a writer． 注: 有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down.在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：No one but myself (me) is hurt.
注意:
A. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语
(错) Myself drove the car.
(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。
Charles and myself saw it.B. 作表语
It doesn‘t matter. I’ll be myself soon．
The girl in the news is myself． C. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人
I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）
You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语）D. 反身代词常和for,of,in,by等介词搭配，构成固定短语for oneself 亲自 of oneself 自动 in oneself 本身固有 by oneself 独自 练练手：【2011安徽卷,22】Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself〖10上海〗If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves不定代词1. 概念与形式：不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。且不定代词没有主格、宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。I have no idea about it.2. 各不定代词区别用法：some，any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture I can't see any. If you have no money, I'll lend you some.注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。 other, the other, another, others, the others的区别1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books I haven't any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one 6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。 I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.all和both的区别 1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。all of/both of后为名词时, of可省略, 但为宾格代词时不可省略。 All of us like Mr Pope. (作主语) = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语) That's all for today. (作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish (作宾语) All the leaders are here. (作定语) All(of) the people here love peace.2）both作代词。①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents They're both fine. ②与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting.③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.none，no one，nothing的区别none既可指人，也可指物，侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物，后可接of短语，作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句。例如：How much water is there in the bottle None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.no one只能指人，是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导疑问句，不与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。nothing常用来回答由what引导的疑问句。例如：Who is in the room No noe.What is in the fridge Nothing.each，every，either，neither的区别each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每一个”，侧重个体，后面可接of短语；every侧重三个或三个以上中的“每一个”，强调“无一例外”的含义。例如：The teacher gave a toy to each of us.Every child likes playing.either指两个人或事物中的任意一个，表选择；neither用于两者之间的否定，表示“两者都不”,例如：—Do you want tea or coffee —Either,I really don't mind. It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which neither of the parents spoke the language.练练手：【2011全国卷II,11】I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing【2011上海春招,26】They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions. A. either B. all C. none D. neither【2011浙江卷,7】Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ________ else. A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere【2011四川卷,3】There is in his words. We should have a try.A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything【2011湖南卷,24】I knew that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing【2011辽宁卷,27】——Would you like tea or coffee —— , thank you. I've just had some water.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither〖10安徽〗You are a team star! Working with_______ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other疑问代词 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow （作主语）What is that (作表语)Whose umbrella is this (作定语)Whom are you waiting for (作宾语)关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster Step Four: Language Feedback 一、单项选择：1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. ---You want ________ sandwich ---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ---Never mind. You can have ________. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning ---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term ---Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for ---Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. ---Is _______ here ---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang ---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe ---No. _______ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _______ English last term Was _____ Mr. Smith A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo ---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary You may have _______. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______ our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs二、真题语篇训练2009年（语法填空）Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 1 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 2 （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not 3 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 4 （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter ____5______ some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price. ”But Jane knew from past experience that her ____6___ （choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _____7____ sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _____8____. When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already ______9______ table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane ___10_______（inform）. 三、语言综合检测（附带试题）加油！