Module 2 The natural world U3 The Earth Grammar课件（63张PPT）

(共63张PPT)
Unit 3 The Earth
Grammar
可数名词与不可数名词
there be句型
Part 1
可数名词与不可数名词
(Countable and uncountable noun)
什么是名词？
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
What is
a noun
Person
Animal
Thing
Place
boy
girl
baby
cat
dog
pig
pen
sun
water
house
school
park
按照名词所表示的事物的性质，可以把名词分为
可数名词
不可数名词
an apple a car
two bags fifty trees
water
money
homework
air
可数名词
可数
名词
1. 单数形式一般不会单独出现，可与不定冠词，数词，指示代词等连用。
One animal
two animals
I have a world map at home.
There is an article about the Earth.
This plant is beautiful.
These animals are dangerous.
可数
名词
2.可数名词的数量大于1时或前面有these/those, some/a lot of等词修饰时需用其复数形式。
One animal
two animals
I have a world map at home.
There is an article about the Earth.
This plant is beautiful.
These animals are dangerous.
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
可数
名词
a tree
two trees
a bird
two trees
一般情况下直接在词尾加-s
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
可数
名词
a bus
two buses
a box
two boxes
一般情况下直接在词尾加-s
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
可数
名词
a watch
two watches
a brush
two brushes
以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词，在词尾加-es
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
可数
名词
a baby
two babies
a strawberry
two
strawberries
以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i 再加-es
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
可数
名词
a mokey
two monkeys
a boy
two boys
以元音(a/e/i/o/u)字母+y结尾的，直接加-s
a radio
two radios
以o结尾的名词，一般加直接加-s
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
a tomato
three tomatoes
以o结尾的名词，有时加-es
以o结尾且为人或农作物等有生命体加-es的单词主要有：
heroes, potatoes, tomatoes（英雄爱吃土豆西红柿）
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
以o结尾但为无生命体则仍需加s
a leaf
two leaves
以-f或-fe结尾的名词，把f改成v再加-es
a knife
two kinves
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
以-f或-fe结尾的名词，变成复数时，把-f改成-v再加上-es。
妻子持刀去杀狼，小偷吓得直发慌。
躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。
wife-wives knife-knives wolf-wolves thief-thieves
shelf-shelves self-selves life-lives half-halves
leaf-leaves
这个顺口溜能帮助你哦！
下面这些单词单复同形！
a Chinese
two Chinese
a Japanese
two Japanese
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
中日不变，英法变，其余后面加s
下面这些单词单复同形！
a deer
two deer
a sheep
five sheep
记忆口诀：
中国鹿，日本羊
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
下面这些单词不走寻常路！
a man
three men
a woman
seven women
注意women的发音哦！
[ w m n]
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
变化规则：a变成e
下面这些单词不走寻常路！
left foot
feet
a tooth
three teeth
变化规则：oo变成ee
a goose
five geese
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
下面这些单词不走寻常路！
a mouse
two mice
a child
five children
千万不要在children后面加s！
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
归纳
总结
情况及变化 例词
一般情况下直接在词尾加-s
以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词，在
词尾加-es
以-f或-fe结尾的，变f为v加-es
以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i
再加-es
以元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)+y结尾的
名词，直接加-s
以o结尾的名词
一般加-es
有时也加-s
有些名词单复数同形
有些名词通过改变内部元音如
oo-ee或a-e等方式变为复数
特殊变形
bird-birds, tree-trees
box-boxes, watch-watches
knife-knives, leaf-leaves
baby-babies, story-stories
boy-boys, toy-toys
tomato-tomatoes
potato-potatoes
radio-radias
photo-photos
deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese
man-men, tooth-teeth
mouse-mice, child-children
单数可数名词如何变复数呢？
不可数名词
some rubbish
All plants need light and water.
Air has no smell.
Water is important.
Uncountable nouns
(不可数名词)
不可数名词不能以数目来计算，不可以分割成个体。
不可数名词没有复数形式，其前也不能用a/an或其他具体的数词来修饰。
不可数名词不能以数目来计算，不可以分割成个体。
其前也不能用a/an或其他具体的数词来修饰。
我们应该如何表达不可数名词的量呢？
不可数名词量的表达
用much, a lot of, some, little, a little,enough等修饰不可数名词，表示量的多少。
(1) I have much homework to do.
(2) There is a lot of water in the bottle.
(3) There is some rubbish under the tree.
你还能再举几个例子吗？
不可数名词量的表达
(1) I have a glass of milk for breakfast.
(2) There are two pieces of bread on the table.
(3) Would you like a cup of coffee
你还能再举几个例子吗？
用数词+量词+of+不可数名词，表示具体的量。
不可数名词量的表达
用数词+量词+of+不可数名词，表示具体的量。
“数词+量词+of ”的结构也可以和可数名词连用。此时可数名词要用复数。
(1) I bought a bag of apples yesterday.
(2) There are two boxes of eggs on the table.
不可数名词量的表达
There are two pieces of bread on the table.
There are two boxes of eggs on the table.
1. 数词+量词+of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
2. 数词>1，量词要用复数
常考的
不可数名词
(超重要)
气体：air, oxygen
液体：water, milk, tea, coffee, juice, soup, oil
食物：food, rice, bread, meat, beef, pork
其他：time, money, homework, housework, advice, weather, information, furniture, pollution
Work out the rule
· (Countable/Uncountable) nouns can have plurals.
· We can use a or an before (countable/uncountable) nouns.
· Uncountable nouns only take (singular/plural) verbs.
Rules
在一般现在时的句子中，可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，
be动词用____，实义动词用__________________；
可数名词复数作主语时，be动词用____, 实义动词用_______。
Work out the rule
is
第三人称单数形式
are
原形
Rules
Exercise
1. orange
2. banana
3. photo
4. family
5. bus
6. watch
7. woman
8. child
oranges
bananas
photos
families
buses
watches
women
children
写出这些单词的复数形式。
Exercise
不可数名词
可数名词
advice
tomato
pollution
homework
weather
wife
story
child
Read the sentences below and decide whether the nouns in italics are countable or uncountable. Write the words in the correct columns.
1 There is grass in a forest.
2 Do not throw rubbish
into the river.
3 The air is fresh in the
mountains.
4 The flowers are
beautiful. Let me take a
photo.
5 We should drink water
every day. Here is a
glass for you.
Countable Uncountable
forest
river
mountain
flower
photo
glass
grass
rubbish
air
water
A1
A2
用“数词+量词+of+可数名词复数/不可数名词”的结构描述每幅图。
a bottle of milk
two boxes of eggs
a bowl of rice
a glass of water
two bags of apples
three cups of coffee
In pairs, ask and answer questions about each photo. Follow the example.
A2
In pairs, ask and answer questions about each photo. Follow the example.
A2
Sample dialogues:
Part 2
there be句型
(Using there is/are...)
句型结构
句型变化
练习题
句型结构
I can see a boy.
What can you see in the picture
There is a boy on the playground.
He is on the playground.
Where is he
I can see mountains and forests.
What can you see in the picture
There are mountains and forests on Earth.
They are on Earth.
Where are they
I can see some orange.
What can you see in the picture
There is some orange in the glass.
It is in the glass.
Where is the orange
你能总结出there be 句型的结构吗？
There is some orange in the glass.
There is a boy on the playground.
There are mountains and forests on Earth.
1.There be句型表示
“某处有某人(物)” 。
2.句型结构：
There is/are+某物/人＋地点.
Work out the rule
· We use ________ with a singular noun or an uncountable noun.
· We use _________ with a plural noun.
there is
there are
Rules
认真观察，你能发现什么？
There is a glass of orange and three tomatoes on the table.
There are three tomatoes and a glass of orange on the table.
认真观察，你能发现什么？
There is a glass of orange and three tomatoes on the table.
There are three tomatoes and a glass of orange on the table.
there be句型是个近视眼！
there be结构中，be动词的单复数常遵循“就近原则”，与紧随其后的主语保持一致。
认真观察，你能发现什么？
There is a glass of orange and three tomatoes on the table.
There are three tomatoes and a glass of orange on the table.
there be句型是个近视眼！
紧随主语是不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式时，动词be用is；
若为可数名词的复数形式时，动词be用are。
句型变化
There are mountains and forests on Earth.
变为一般疑问句
Are there mountains and forests on Earth
肯定回答
Yes, there are.
否定回答
No, there are not.
There is some orange in the glass.
变为一般疑问句
Is there any orange in the glass
肯定回答
Yes, there is.
否定回答
No, there is not.
你能总结出一般疑问句的句型吗？
Are there mountains and forests on Earth
Is there any orange in the glass
一般疑问句:
Is/Are there +人/物+地点
肯定回答：
Yes, there is/are.
否定回答：
No, there isn't/aren't.
There is some orange in the glass.
变为一般疑问句
Is there any orange in the glass
肯定句中的some在否定句或疑问句中要变为any。
变为否定句
There is not any orange in the glass
Rules
There is = there's
There is not = there isn't
There are not = there aren't
练习题
Describe the pictures with the sentence pattern below:
There is/are ____________ on the table.
There is a glass of milk on the table.
There are two bags of apples on the table.
There are three pieces of bread on the table.
Describe the pictures with the sentence pattern below:
There is/are ____________....
There are many trees in the forest.
Describe the pictures with the sentence pattern below:
There is/are ____________....
There are many animals on Earth.
Use is or are to finish these sentences.
1. There __ a pen in the pencil box.
2. There ____ some flowers under the trees.
3. There ____ five people in my family.
4. There __ a picture and two maps on the wall.
5. A: _____ there any water in the bottle
B: Yes, there ______.
is
is
is
Is
are
are
Jane is asking Danny about what they can do to help protect the plete their conversation with there is (not), is there, there are or are there.
there isn't
Are there
There is
there are
There are
Is there
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。