Unit 3 Progress单元过关检测（上教版必修二）
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| 名称 | Unit 3 Progress单元过关检测（上教版必修二） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 上教版（2020） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-10-22 18:00:59 | ||
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Unit 3 Progress
一、基础巩固 (重点词汇短语以及核心句子翻译练习)
I. 单词拼写：
The disease has spread at an ____________ (令人惊慌的) rate.
It is impossible to __________(预测) what the eventual outcome will be.
It will not be long before the inflation ___________(数字) starts to fall.
Hundreds of lives were ____________ (危及) when the building collapsed.
Employees should have a voice in the decision-making __________(过程)
An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from _________ (灭绝) .
In ___________ (对照) , the lives of girls in well-to-do families were often very sheltered.
The shop has about 500 autographed copies of the book __________ (可获得的) for purchase.
Exports in June rose 1.5%, __________(暗示) that the economy was stronger than many investors had realized.
Most 11-year-olds are not encouraged to develop reading skills; a small but ________(显著的) number are illiterate.
【答案】
alarming 2.predict 3.figure 4. threatened 5.process
6.extinction 7.contrast 8.available 9. implying 10.significant
II. 熟读课文，翻译下列短语：
1. 世界人口达到50亿：
2. 以惊人的速度：
3. 很难想象：
4. 四处活动：
5. 这个数字很快就翻倍了：
6. 陌生的服饰和建筑风格：
7. 截然不同的风俗和文化：
8. 生活在不同的大洲：
9. 在很大程度上/某种程度上：
10. 有灭绝的风险：
【答案】
1. 世界人口达到50亿：the world’s population reached five billion.
2. 以惊人的速度：at an alarming rate.
3. 很难想象： be hard to imagine.
4. 四处活动：move around
5. 这个数字很快就翻倍了： this figure quickly doubled
6. 陌生的服饰和建筑风格：unfamiliar styles of clothing and buildings.
7. 截然不同的风俗和文化： completely different customs and culture.
8. 生活在不同的大洲：live on different continents
9. 在很大程度上/某种程度上：to a large extent/ to some extent.
10. 有灭绝的风险：be threatened with extinction.
III. 熟读课文，翻译下列句子：
1. 专家们预测到本世纪末之前我们这个星球上将会有100亿人口。 (predict )
2. 如果你每一秒和一个不同的人问好，和该星球上所有的人打完招呼将会花费你222年的时间。（take）
3. 如果70亿人手拉手成一条人链，这条链可以到月球上来回9次。(make a…chain)
4. 今天大约有7000种语言在使用。(use)
5. 两百万年以来，人类四处活动，寻找可以食用的植物，猎杀动物获取肉食。(for)
【答案】
1. 专家们预测到本世纪末之前我们这个星球上将会有100亿人口。 (predict )
1. Experts predict that there will be ten billion people on our planet before the end of this century.
2. 如果你每一秒和一个不同的人问好，和该星球上所有的人打完招呼将会花费你222年的时间。（take）
If you said “hello” to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet.
3. 如果70亿人手拉手成一条人链，这条链可以到月球上来回9次。(make a…chain)
If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times.
4. 今天大约有7000种语言在使用。(use)
There are around seven thousand languages in use today.
5. 两百万年以来，人类四处活动，寻找可以食用的植物，猎杀动物获取肉食。(for)
For more than two million years, humans moved around, finding plants to eat and hunting animals for meat
IV. Verbs (语法练习)
1. It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
2. ________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
3. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.
A. sending B. to send
C. having sent D. to have sent
4. He had a wonderful childhood， _______with his mother to all corners of the world.
A. travel B.to travel. C. traveled D. traveling
5. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled
C. having struggled D. to struggle
6. The lawyer listened with full attention，________ to miss any point．
A．not trying B．trying not
C．to try not D．not to try
7. The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead
8. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
9. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
10. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
11. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______.
A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
12. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
13. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
14. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
15. Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
【答案】
1-5 CAADC 6-10 BCCDB 11-15 DDCAC
V 单词默写：
第一组：
1. alarming [ lɑ m ] adj.
2. rate [re t] n.
3. predict [pr d kt] v.
4. agriculture [ ɡr k lt (r)] n.
5. figure [ f ɡ (r)] n.
6. significantly [s ɡ n f k ntli] adv.
7. unfamiliar [ nf m li (r)] adj.
8. threaten [ θretn] v.
9. extinction [ k st k n] n.
10. absolutely [ bs lu tli] adv.
第二组：
1. contrast [ k ntrɑ st] v.
2. imply [ m pla ] v.
3. major [ me d (r)] adj.
4. available [ ve l bl] adj.
5. option [ p n] n.
6. desire [d za (r)] n.
7. reduce [r dju s] v.
8. eventually [ vent u li] adv.
9. concerned [k n s nd] adj.
10. fund [f nd] v.
第三组：
1. string [str ] n.
2. mud [m d] n.
3. process [ pr uses] n.
4. contact [ k nt kt] v.
5. advertise [ dv ta z] v.
6. therefore [ e f (r)] adv.
7. official [ f l] adj.
8. grateful [ ɡre tfl] adj.
9. faithfully [ fe θf li] adv.
10. formal [ f ml] adj.（
第四组：
1. exchange [ ks t e nd ] v.
2. range [re nd ] n.
3. spring roll [spri r ul]
4. silicon chip [ silik n t ip]
5. solar-power battery ['s l - pa (r) b tri]
6. look forward to [l k f w d tu]
7. mother tongue [ m t ]
8. fluent [ flu: nt] adj.（
【答案】
第一组：
1. alarming [ lɑ m ] adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的
2. rate [re t] n.速度；进度
3. predict [pr d kt] v.预言；预告；预报
4. agriculture [ ɡr k lt (r)] n.农业；农学
5. figure [ f ɡ (r)] n.（代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字
6. significantly [s ɡ n f k ntli] adv.有重大意义地；显著地；明显地
7. unfamiliar [ nf m li (r)] adj.陌生的；不熟悉的
8. threaten [ θretn] v.危及；对……构成威胁
9. extinction [ k st k n] n.灭绝，绝种
10. absolutely [ bs lu tli] adv.（强调真实无误）绝对地；完全地
第二组：
1. contrast [ k ntrɑ st] v.对比；对照
2. imply [ m pla ] v.暗示；暗指
3. major [ me d (r)] adj.主要的；重要的
4. available [ ve l bl] adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的
5. option [ p n] n.选择；可选择的事物
6. desire [d za (r)] n.愿望；欲望；渴望
7. reduce [r dju s] v.减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）
8. eventually [ vent u li] adv.最后；终于
9. concerned [k n s nd] adj.感兴趣的；关切的；关注的
10. fund [f nd] v.为……提供资金；拨款给
第三组：
1. string [str ] n.细绳；线；带子
2. mud [m d] n.泥；淤泥
3. process [ pr uses] n.（为达到某一目标的）过程；进程
4. contact [ k nt kt] v.联系，联结（如用电话或信件）
5. advertise [ dv ta z] v.做广告；登广告
6. therefore [ e f (r)] adv.因此；所以；因而
7. official [ f l] adj.正式的；官方的；官方授权的
8. grateful [ ɡre tfl] adj.感激的；表示感谢的
9. faithfully [ fe θf li] adv.忠实地；忠诚地
10. formal [ f ml] adj.（穿着，言语，行为等）适合正式结合的；正规的；庄重的
第四组：
1. exchange [ ks t e nd ] v.交换；交流
2. range [re nd ] n.一系列
3. spring roll [spri r ul] 春卷
4. silicon chip [ silik n t ip] 硅片
5. solar-power battery ['s l - pa (r) b tri] 太阳能电池
6. look forward to [l k f w d tu] 盼望；期待
7. mother tongue [ m t ] 母语
8. fluent [ flu: nt] adj.（尤指外语）流利的，流畅的；熟练的
二、拓展提升
I. Grammar
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank
A “Growth Mindset” Can Lead to Success
The most successful people are fond of telling us about their passion for their professions. And passion has been believed to be essential to not only their success, but also their happiness.
Unfortunately, ____11____ some people have a clear “calling” from a young age, many still leave education without knowing their vocation in life. They may spend their whole life without having ever discovered a career that truly ____12____ (interest) them. In the past ten years, the researcher ____13____ (demonstrate) that some people tend to see their abilities as “fixed”—they believe that they are either born with a talent for something or they don’t have it completely. What can they do
Some answers come from the work of Paul O’Keefe. In his mindset theory, the most basic foundation of passion is having an intense interest in ____14____ you’re doing. Meanwhile, people also have the capacity to cultivate new interests outside their normal fields. ____15____ (consider) arts students looking at a piece about science, or “techy” students reading an article on literary criticism(文学评论). ____16____ the students have very little initial curiosity about the subject, with the growth mindset, they will change their ratings of the interest in that new subject after reading the piece.
In addition, a person’s mindset can also determine how long they would be interested in more difficult content and ____17____ they would plan to deal with the content or not. In one experiment, after ____18____(show) a video about black holes, people had to read a challenging academic paper on the subject. The people with the growth mindset maintained their interest: they were _____19_____ (willing) to know about the black holes despite the difficulties of grasping the technical material. By contrast, the flame of interest quickly burnt out in those with the fixed mindset. “Within the span of seven minutes they went from saying ‘this is fascinating’ ______20______saying ‘no, I’m done,’” says O’Keefe.
【答案】11. while/although/though 12. interests 13. has demonstrated
14. whatever/what 15. Consider 16. Even if/though 17. whether
18. being shown 19. more willing 20. to
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了“成长型思维”可以助人成功。
【11题详解】
考查连词。句意：不幸的是，尽管有些人从小就有一个明确的“使命”，但许多人还是在不知道自己的职业的情况下放弃了教育。分析句意可知，本句为让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。故填while/although/though。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们可能一辈子都没有找到真正让自己感兴趣的职业。a career为先行词，作定语从句的主语，定语从句在陈述一个事实，所以用一般现在时，主语that指代单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 故填interests。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，研究人员已经证明，有些人倾向于把自己的能力视为“固定的”——他们认为自己要么天生就有某种天赋，要么根本就没有这种天赋。根据“In the past ten years ”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为the researcher，助动词用has。 故填has demonstrated。
【14题详解】
考查连接词。句意：在他的心态理论中，激情的最基本的基础是对你正在做的事情产生强烈的兴趣。in后接宾语从句, 从句缺少主语，再结合句意可知，空处填连接词whatever/what。 故填whatever/what。
【15题详解】
考查祈使句。句意：思考一下正在看一篇关于科学的文章的文科学生，或者读一篇关于文学批评的文章的“技术”学生。分析句子结构和句意可知，本句为祈使句的肯定形式。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Consider。
【16题详解】
考查连词。句意：即使学生一开始对这门学科没有什么好奇心，但伴随着成长型思维，他们在阅读这篇文章后会改变对这门新学科兴趣的评级。分析句意可知，本句为让步状语从句，表示“即使，尽管”。故填Even if/though。
【17题详解】
考查连接词。句意：此外，一个人的心态也可以决定他们对更困难的内容感兴趣的时间能有多长，以及他们是否计划处理这些内容。determine后接两个并列的句子作宾语，根据句意和“or not ”可知，空处填whether“是否”。故填whether。
【18题详解】
考查动名词。句意：在一个实验中，在播放了一段关于黑洞的视频后，人们必须阅读一篇关于这个主题的具有挑战性的学术论文。after为介词后接动名词,且people与show在逻辑上是被动关系。故填being shown。
【19题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：具有成长思维的人保持着他们的兴趣：尽管很难掌握技术资料，但他们更愿意了解黑洞。根据句意表示“他们更愿意了解黑洞 ”，所以空处填比较级more willing。故填more willing。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：奥基夫说：“在七分钟的时间里，他们从说“这很有趣”变成了说“不，我看不懂”。from…to…“从……到……”为固定短语。故填to。
II. Vocabulary(10%)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note there is one more word than you need.
Are You Ready for Your 15 Minutes (or More) of Fame
A. respond B. typically C. minority D. quote E. quality F. posted G. purposeful H. achieve I. eventually J accidental
CHENG YUNFU has been quietly making noodles in his small Shandong village for the past fifteen years. During that time he hasn’t raised the price; it’s still 3 yuan a bowl. However, someone ____21____ a video online about Cheng and his cheap noodles and, overnight, the 39-year-old man became an internet celebrity. Thousands of people have visited the village, some of them having traveled for hundreds of miles, just to meet Cheng and eat his noodles.
“In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.” This celebrated ____22____ appeared in a 1968 exhibition of American artist Andy Warhol’s work in Stockholm. This prediction has, in many respects, come true in an era when there are so many channels by which an individual might ____23____ fame (although it is the type of fame which may not endure for very long). You could be one post away from becoming the next celebrity. Sometimes this fame can open doors to other opportunities, but sometimes it can be cruel and frightening.
Unlike Cheng and his ____24____ fame, more people are using online platforms such as Weibo and Bilibili to become “intentional” celebrities. Some of them, such as Papi and Li Ziqi, have become internet sensations (引起轰动的人). These two celebrities, alongside other household names, are considered KOLs (key opinion leaders). A KOL is ____25____ a person who has “expert product knowledge and influence in a particular field.” He or she is “trusted by relevant groups” and has “a significant effect on consumer behavior.” When it comes to internet celebrity, Papi and Li Ziqi are only in the ____26____ as success is much harder to achieve than it would appear at first glance. Being a KOL seems to be fun and easy, but it’s actually hard work. You have to be knowledgeable and interesting, and be able to have to make ____27____ videos and post new ones regularly. In other words, not everyone is qualified to do this job.
There is also the problem of losing your privacy and facing criticism from your fans. Those who follow internet celebrities may come to believe they are your closest friends and get angry when you don’t ____28____ to their comments or emails. As one celebrity said, “Your fans will love you until they kill you.” When Cheng became a celebrity, he was frightened by all the attention he was receiving and hid in his home for a week. But ____29____, he came to accept his instant fame. But he will probably be happier when his celebrity status dies down and enables him, not to become an influencer, but to return to the quiet life of selling his cheap and delicious noodles to his neighbors.
【答案】21. F 22. D 23. H 24. J 25. B 26. C 27. E 28. A 29. I
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过对程云福的偶然的网络走红的记述，对网络走红的优势和弊端以及网络走红的条件等进行了讨论。
【21题详解】
考查动词和一般过去时。句意：然而，有人在网上发布了一段关于程云福和他的廉价面条的视频，一夜之间，这位39岁的男子成为了网红。根据“the 39-year-old man became an internet celebrity”可知，此处应用一般过去时。根据“a video online”可知，此处是指有人在网上发布了一段关于程云福和他的廉价面条的视频。动词post意为“发布”。故选F。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：这句著名的名言出现在1968年在斯德哥尔摩举行的美国艺术家安迪·沃霍尔作品展览上。根据“In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.”(在未来，每个人都将出名15分钟。)可知，此处是指“名言”，所以应用名词quote作主语。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词和情态动词用法。句意：在一个人可以通过多种渠道获得名望(尽管这种名望可能不会持续很长时间)的时代，从很多方面来说，这个预测已经成为现实。根据“although it is the type of fame which may not endure for very long”可知，此处是指个人可以通过多种渠道获得名望。动词achieve意为“获得”，在情态动词might后应用原形。故选H。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与程云福偶然成名不同，越来越多的人通过微博、哔哩哔哩等网络平台成为“有意”名人。根据unlike和intentional可知，此处是指程云福的偶然成名。所以应用形容词accidental表示“偶然的”作定语修饰名词fame。故选J。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意：KOL通常是“在特定领域拥有专业产品知识和影响力”的人。根据后文“He or she is “trusted by relevant groups” and has “a significant effect on consumer behavior.””(他或她“受到相关群体的信任”，“对消费者行为有显著影响”。)可知，此处是指KOL通常是“在特定领域拥有专业产品知识和影响力”的人。所以应用副词typically表示“通常”修饰be动词作状语。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：说到网红，Papi酱和李子柒只是少数，因为成功比乍看起来要难得多。根据“as success is much harder to achieve than it would appear at first glance”可知，Papi酱和李子柒只是少数。所以应用名词minority表示“少数”作介词in的宾语。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：你必须知识渊博和有趣，并有能力制作高质量的视频，并定期发布新的。根据“You have to be knowledgeable and interesting”可知，此处是指有能力制作高质量的视频，所以应用形容词quality表示“高品质的”作定语修饰名词videos。故选E。
【28题详解】
考查动词和助动词的用法。句意：那些关注网红的人可能会认为他们是你最亲密的朋友，当你不回复他们的评论或邮件时，他们会生气。根据“to their comments or emails”可知，此处是指不回复他们的评论或邮件。所以应用动词respond表示“回复”，和don’t 一起构成从句的谓语，在助动词do后用动词原形。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：但最终，他开始接受自己的名声。根据“he was frightened by all the attention he was receiving and hid in his home for a week”(他被人们对他的关注吓坏了，在家里躲了一个星期)可知，此处是指但最终他开始接受自己的名声。所以应用副词eventually表示“最终”修饰句子作状语。故选I。
III. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she____21____ information quickly Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is _____22_____ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to ____23____ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain.____24____, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to ____25____ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to ____26____ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.
Memory can be ____27____ affected by a number of things.____28____ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent ____29____ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it ____30____ to register information in the brain.
When people talk about memory, they often____31____short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute.____32____, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which _____33_____information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.
Why do you forget things sometimes The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough ____34____. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not ____35____ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.
21. A. collects B. processes C. publishes D. absorbs
22. A. necessary B. important C. difficult D. convenient
23. A. figure out B. take out C. put out D. give out
24. A. After all B. Instead C. By contrast D. Besides
25. A. recall B. refresh C. describe D. decrease
26. A. lose B. organize C. identify D. strengthen
27. A. positively B. negatively C. actively D. directly
28. A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various
29. A. benefit B. offence C. effect D. damage
30. A. easier B. more impressive C. harder D. more convenient
31. A. refer to B. apply for C. come across D. break down
32. A. Furthermore B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise
33. A. leaks B. transmits C. checks D. stores
34. A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time
35. A. restore B. record C. replace D. respond
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
这是一篇科普类阅读。文章主要讲了什么是记忆力以及造成记忆力差的原因。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：当说一个人有很好的记忆力时，到底是什么意思？是说这个人可以很快地回忆起某件事情还是能很快的吸收信息？A. collects收集； B. processes处理；C. publishes出版；D. absorbs吸收，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：事实是很难说清楚到底记忆力是什么。A. necessary必要的；B. important重要的；C. difficult困难的；D. convenient方便的，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：甚至连研究了几十年记忆力的科学家们也说他们还在努力去解决记忆力到底是什么。A. figure out解决；B. take out取出；C. put out熄灭；D. give out分发，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：我们知道的是特定的记忆不仅仅是储存在大脑的某个地方，而是由存在整个大脑中的信息碎片组成的。A. After all毕竟； B. Instead代替；C. By contrast相比之下；D. Besides此外，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：或许描述记忆力最好的方式是说它是一个过程，一个记录，储存和找回信息的过程。A. recall回忆；B. refresh更新；C. describe描述；D. decrease减少，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：练习和重复可以帮助加强组成记忆的信息碎片。A. lose失去；B. organize 组织；C. identify识别；D. strengthen加强，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：记忆力可能会受很多事情的消极影响。A. positively肯定地；B. negatively消极地；C. actively积极地；D. directly直接地，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：缺乏营养会影响一个人储存信息的能力。A. Poor贫穷的；B. Adequate充足的；C. Special特别的；D. Various各种各样的，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：过度饮酒也会弱化记忆力，长期下来回造成永久性的大脑损伤。A. benefit利益；B. offence犯罪；C. effect影响；D. damage损害，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：视觉或听力问题会影响注意某些特定事情的能力，这样也使信息在大脑中的储存更加困难。A. easier更容易；B. more impressive印象更深刻；C. harder更难的； D. more convenient更方便，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人们提到记忆时，往往指的是短期记忆和长期记忆。A. refer to提到；B. apply for申请；C. come across偶然遇到；D. break down发生故障，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：然而，你不需要在电话簿里找你最好朋友的电话号码，因为你已经知道了。下文与上文之间表示转折，对比，所以用however。 A. Furthermore此外；B. However然而；C. Consequently因此；D. Otherwise否则，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：电话号码是你的长期记忆，长期记忆就是多年来你已经了解的事情。A. leaks泄漏；B. transmits传播；C. checks检查；D. stores存储，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：为什么有时会遗忘呢？遗忘主要是因为一开始就没有学好。A. in the middle在中间；B. at the end最后；C. in the beginning开始；D. ahead of time提前，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查词辨析。restore恢复，修复；record记录；replace代替；respond反应。如果你遇到一些人，马上就忘记了他们的名字，那是因为你在听到他们名字的前几秒钟根本就没有记下来。
IV. Reading
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Today’s oceanographers use sonar （声波定位仪） instruments to produce a sound signal that is bounced（反弹） or “echoed” off the sea floor and then recorded on board the ship. The speed of sound in water is 1,500m per second, four times faster than the speed of sound in air. By carefully measuring the round-trip time of the sound waves and taking into account the variables of temperature and salinity （盐度）, the depth of the water and the distance to another object can be measured accurately.
Taking soundings this way is time-consuming, especially in deep water. Today most depth measurements are made using an echo sounder. Instead of dropping a weight, a pulse （脉冲） of sound energy is transmitted （发射） electronically toward the bottom. The time it takes the pulse to travel to the bottom and be reflected back up to the surface is measured. From this time interval （间隔）, the depth of the water can be calculated. When pulses are sent out and received in quick speed, an almost continuous recording of the ocean depth called a bottom profile may be obtained.
The sedimentary rocks （沉积岩） that exist on the ocean bottom are much younger than any similar rocks found on the continents. The central part of mud and rock brought back by deep-sea drilling ships vary greatly in age, but no deposits from the ocean floor seem to be more than about 200 million years old. This makes oceanic hard outer covering very young compared with the continents, which contain rocks up to about 4 billion years old.
1. From the passage we can learn that the speed of sound in air is ________.
A. 375m per second
B. 6,000m per second
C. 250m per second
D. 350m per second
2. If scientists want to measure the depth of the ocean water, ________.
A. they can use sonar instruments at the bottom of the water
B. they can measure the speed of light on board the ship
C. the can measure the distance between two objects at the bottom of the water
D. they can measure the time of sound waves by using an echo sounder
3. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. scientists used to drop a weight to the bottom of the water to measure the depth of the water
B. the distance from one object to another can be measured by dropping a weight
C. scientists used to use an echo sounder to measure the depth of the water
D. scientists have to measure the speed of sound first if they want to measure the depth of the water
【答案】ADA
【解析】
1. A。根据第一段，声音在水中传播的速度是1,500米 / 秒，是空气中声音速度的4倍，因此可以计算出空气中声音的速度是375米 / 秒。
2. D。根据第一段可知，如果科学家想测量海水的深度，他们可利用声波测量。
3. A。根据第二段Instead of dropping a weight, a pulse （脉冲） of sound energy is transmit （发射） electronically toward the bottom可知，过去科学家是用向海底投东西的方式来测量海水深度的。
B
When I was sixteen, that summer my brother Andy and I hiked the Sierra Nevada in the back country near Lake Tahoe. Our parents had left us with two water bottles and instructions to stick to the trail. “Don’t get lost,” my mother shouted as the car pulled away. I nodded, not quite paying attention, because I had never been in high mountains before. I was eager for the experience.
We struggled up the switchback path, not used to strenuous （艰难的） activity in the July heat. We seemed closer to the sun. Andy and I emptied the bottles quickly into our throats, unfamiliar with moderation and conservation .
My brother and I walked around the lakeside. Our drinking supply was almost gone. The heat of the day had demoralized （使意志消沉） us. We sat on the edge of the wide lake, took off our shoes and bathed our tired feet.
We eyed the lake and began to question. “Should we jump in Are we allowed Should we get our clothes wet Is it too cold Will some great monster rise up and devour us ” We asked ourselves. We excused. And then, we walked slowly back through the cloudless summer gap, down into the valley. Why Why didn’t we jump in that lake It was clear, clean and wet. No one would have stopped us. We could have been cool and comfortable all the way home. But no.
At some point in our lives, we must learn this lesson: to dive into the lake, to be free, to follow our heart’s desires. When we are old and sitting by the peaceful lake in patient stillness, we can then abstain（避开） from jumping in. We can linger（留恋） in the perfect happiness of our lake memories, with nothing left undone.
4. The author and his brother went hiking the Sierra Nevada ________.
Ａ. on a very hot day
Ｂ. with plenty of bottles of water
Ｃ. on a rainy day
Ｄ. without any preparations
5. They asked themselves so many questions in order to ________.
A. stay longer beside the lake
B. find some excuses not to swim in the lake
C. prepare for their examinations
D. encourage each other
6. We can infer that the author ________.
A. regretted not swimming in the lake
B. came back and swam in the lack afterwards
C. felt lucky for not swimming in the lake
D. never went hiking again with his brother
7. The author tells us a truth by writing the passage that ________.
A. if you want to show your encouragement to others, you will go hiking in high mountains
B. taking plenty of water is very important when you go hiking in high mountains
C. never go hiking in high mountains where there are no lakes
D. do what you want to do when you are young or else you will regret when you get old
【答案】ABAD
【解析】
A。短文第二、三两段描写了因为天气的炎热使他们疲惫不堪，由此推断他们是在一个非
常炎热的天气去爬山的。
B。他们问了如此多的问题是想找借口不进湖游泳。从短文倒数第二段的We excused. And then, we walked
slowly back through the cloudless summer gap, down into the valley.也可获得答案。
A。根据倒数第二段的We could have been cool and comfortable all the way home. But no.和
最后一段作者的感悟可知，作者对没有进湖游泳感到后悔。
D。通过最后一段作者的感慨可知，作者写这篇短文的目的是为了说明一些事情年轻时当
做则做，免得老来后悔。
Ⅴ. Translation (16%)
在这起事故中只有极少数乘客幸免于难。(survive)
为何不说服更多市民在双休日使用公共交通？(persuade)
春天到了，应该暂时禁止学生在草坪上行走。(ban)
该份报告所缺乏的是对学龄儿童家庭背景的调查。(what)
谈到文化差异，把有着许多共性的两种文化彼此区别开来不是一件容易的事。(common)
Keys:
Only few passengers survived the accident. (survive sth. 幸免于…)
Why not persuade more citizens to use public transport on weekends (persuade sb. to do sth.…劝某人做某事…)
With spring coming, students should be banned from walking on the grass.(ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事)
What lacks in this report is the investigation of the family background of the children who are at schooling age. (考查主语从句)
It is not an easy thing to distinguish two cultures which have a lot in common referring to culture difference. (have … in common)
一、基础巩固 (重点词汇短语以及核心句子翻译练习)
I. 单词拼写：
The disease has spread at an ____________ (令人惊慌的) rate.
It is impossible to __________(预测) what the eventual outcome will be.
It will not be long before the inflation ___________(数字) starts to fall.
Hundreds of lives were ____________ (危及) when the building collapsed.
Employees should have a voice in the decision-making __________(过程)
An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from _________ (灭绝) .
In ___________ (对照) , the lives of girls in well-to-do families were often very sheltered.
The shop has about 500 autographed copies of the book __________ (可获得的) for purchase.
Exports in June rose 1.5%, __________(暗示) that the economy was stronger than many investors had realized.
Most 11-year-olds are not encouraged to develop reading skills; a small but ________(显著的) number are illiterate.
【答案】
alarming 2.predict 3.figure 4. threatened 5.process
6.extinction 7.contrast 8.available 9. implying 10.significant
II. 熟读课文，翻译下列短语：
1. 世界人口达到50亿：
2. 以惊人的速度：
3. 很难想象：
4. 四处活动：
5. 这个数字很快就翻倍了：
6. 陌生的服饰和建筑风格：
7. 截然不同的风俗和文化：
8. 生活在不同的大洲：
9. 在很大程度上/某种程度上：
10. 有灭绝的风险：
【答案】
1. 世界人口达到50亿：the world’s population reached five billion.
2. 以惊人的速度：at an alarming rate.
3. 很难想象： be hard to imagine.
4. 四处活动：move around
5. 这个数字很快就翻倍了： this figure quickly doubled
6. 陌生的服饰和建筑风格：unfamiliar styles of clothing and buildings.
7. 截然不同的风俗和文化： completely different customs and culture.
8. 生活在不同的大洲：live on different continents
9. 在很大程度上/某种程度上：to a large extent/ to some extent.
10. 有灭绝的风险：be threatened with extinction.
III. 熟读课文，翻译下列句子：
1. 专家们预测到本世纪末之前我们这个星球上将会有100亿人口。 (predict )
2. 如果你每一秒和一个不同的人问好，和该星球上所有的人打完招呼将会花费你222年的时间。（take）
3. 如果70亿人手拉手成一条人链，这条链可以到月球上来回9次。(make a…chain)
4. 今天大约有7000种语言在使用。(use)
5. 两百万年以来，人类四处活动，寻找可以食用的植物，猎杀动物获取肉食。(for)
【答案】
1. 专家们预测到本世纪末之前我们这个星球上将会有100亿人口。 (predict )
1. Experts predict that there will be ten billion people on our planet before the end of this century.
2. 如果你每一秒和一个不同的人问好，和该星球上所有的人打完招呼将会花费你222年的时间。（take）
If you said “hello” to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet.
3. 如果70亿人手拉手成一条人链，这条链可以到月球上来回9次。(make a…chain)
If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times.
4. 今天大约有7000种语言在使用。(use)
There are around seven thousand languages in use today.
5. 两百万年以来，人类四处活动，寻找可以食用的植物，猎杀动物获取肉食。(for)
For more than two million years, humans moved around, finding plants to eat and hunting animals for meat
IV. Verbs (语法练习)
1. It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
2. ________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
3. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.
A. sending B. to send
C. having sent D. to have sent
4. He had a wonderful childhood， _______with his mother to all corners of the world.
A. travel B.to travel. C. traveled D. traveling
5. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled
C. having struggled D. to struggle
6. The lawyer listened with full attention，________ to miss any point．
A．not trying B．trying not
C．to try not D．not to try
7. The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead
8. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
9. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
10. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
11. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______.
A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
12. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
13. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
14. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
15. Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
【答案】
1-5 CAADC 6-10 BCCDB 11-15 DDCAC
V 单词默写：
第一组：
1. alarming [ lɑ m ] adj.
2. rate [re t] n.
3. predict [pr d kt] v.
4. agriculture [ ɡr k lt (r)] n.
5. figure [ f ɡ (r)] n.
6. significantly [s ɡ n f k ntli] adv.
7. unfamiliar [ nf m li (r)] adj.
8. threaten [ θretn] v.
9. extinction [ k st k n] n.
10. absolutely [ bs lu tli] adv.
第二组：
1. contrast [ k ntrɑ st] v.
2. imply [ m pla ] v.
3. major [ me d (r)] adj.
4. available [ ve l bl] adj.
5. option [ p n] n.
6. desire [d za (r)] n.
7. reduce [r dju s] v.
8. eventually [ vent u li] adv.
9. concerned [k n s nd] adj.
10. fund [f nd] v.
第三组：
1. string [str ] n.
2. mud [m d] n.
3. process [ pr uses] n.
4. contact [ k nt kt] v.
5. advertise [ dv ta z] v.
6. therefore [ e f (r)] adv.
7. official [ f l] adj.
8. grateful [ ɡre tfl] adj.
9. faithfully [ fe θf li] adv.
10. formal [ f ml] adj.（
第四组：
1. exchange [ ks t e nd ] v.
2. range [re nd ] n.
3. spring roll [spri r ul]
4. silicon chip [ silik n t ip]
5. solar-power battery ['s l - pa (r) b tri]
6. look forward to [l k f w d tu]
7. mother tongue [ m t ]
8. fluent [ flu: nt] adj.（
【答案】
第一组：
1. alarming [ lɑ m ] adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的
2. rate [re t] n.速度；进度
3. predict [pr d kt] v.预言；预告；预报
4. agriculture [ ɡr k lt (r)] n.农业；农学
5. figure [ f ɡ (r)] n.（代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字
6. significantly [s ɡ n f k ntli] adv.有重大意义地；显著地；明显地
7. unfamiliar [ nf m li (r)] adj.陌生的；不熟悉的
8. threaten [ θretn] v.危及；对……构成威胁
9. extinction [ k st k n] n.灭绝，绝种
10. absolutely [ bs lu tli] adv.（强调真实无误）绝对地；完全地
第二组：
1. contrast [ k ntrɑ st] v.对比；对照
2. imply [ m pla ] v.暗示；暗指
3. major [ me d (r)] adj.主要的；重要的
4. available [ ve l bl] adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的
5. option [ p n] n.选择；可选择的事物
6. desire [d za (r)] n.愿望；欲望；渴望
7. reduce [r dju s] v.减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）
8. eventually [ vent u li] adv.最后；终于
9. concerned [k n s nd] adj.感兴趣的；关切的；关注的
10. fund [f nd] v.为……提供资金；拨款给
第三组：
1. string [str ] n.细绳；线；带子
2. mud [m d] n.泥；淤泥
3. process [ pr uses] n.（为达到某一目标的）过程；进程
4. contact [ k nt kt] v.联系，联结（如用电话或信件）
5. advertise [ dv ta z] v.做广告；登广告
6. therefore [ e f (r)] adv.因此；所以；因而
7. official [ f l] adj.正式的；官方的；官方授权的
8. grateful [ ɡre tfl] adj.感激的；表示感谢的
9. faithfully [ fe θf li] adv.忠实地；忠诚地
10. formal [ f ml] adj.（穿着，言语，行为等）适合正式结合的；正规的；庄重的
第四组：
1. exchange [ ks t e nd ] v.交换；交流
2. range [re nd ] n.一系列
3. spring roll [spri r ul] 春卷
4. silicon chip [ silik n t ip] 硅片
5. solar-power battery ['s l - pa (r) b tri] 太阳能电池
6. look forward to [l k f w d tu] 盼望；期待
7. mother tongue [ m t ] 母语
8. fluent [ flu: nt] adj.（尤指外语）流利的，流畅的；熟练的
二、拓展提升
I. Grammar
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank
A “Growth Mindset” Can Lead to Success
The most successful people are fond of telling us about their passion for their professions. And passion has been believed to be essential to not only their success, but also their happiness.
Unfortunately, ____11____ some people have a clear “calling” from a young age, many still leave education without knowing their vocation in life. They may spend their whole life without having ever discovered a career that truly ____12____ (interest) them. In the past ten years, the researcher ____13____ (demonstrate) that some people tend to see their abilities as “fixed”—they believe that they are either born with a talent for something or they don’t have it completely. What can they do
Some answers come from the work of Paul O’Keefe. In his mindset theory, the most basic foundation of passion is having an intense interest in ____14____ you’re doing. Meanwhile, people also have the capacity to cultivate new interests outside their normal fields. ____15____ (consider) arts students looking at a piece about science, or “techy” students reading an article on literary criticism(文学评论). ____16____ the students have very little initial curiosity about the subject, with the growth mindset, they will change their ratings of the interest in that new subject after reading the piece.
In addition, a person’s mindset can also determine how long they would be interested in more difficult content and ____17____ they would plan to deal with the content or not. In one experiment, after ____18____(show) a video about black holes, people had to read a challenging academic paper on the subject. The people with the growth mindset maintained their interest: they were _____19_____ (willing) to know about the black holes despite the difficulties of grasping the technical material. By contrast, the flame of interest quickly burnt out in those with the fixed mindset. “Within the span of seven minutes they went from saying ‘this is fascinating’ ______20______saying ‘no, I’m done,’” says O’Keefe.
【答案】11. while/although/though 12. interests 13. has demonstrated
14. whatever/what 15. Consider 16. Even if/though 17. whether
18. being shown 19. more willing 20. to
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了“成长型思维”可以助人成功。
【11题详解】
考查连词。句意：不幸的是，尽管有些人从小就有一个明确的“使命”，但许多人还是在不知道自己的职业的情况下放弃了教育。分析句意可知，本句为让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。故填while/although/though。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们可能一辈子都没有找到真正让自己感兴趣的职业。a career为先行词，作定语从句的主语，定语从句在陈述一个事实，所以用一般现在时，主语that指代单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 故填interests。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，研究人员已经证明，有些人倾向于把自己的能力视为“固定的”——他们认为自己要么天生就有某种天赋，要么根本就没有这种天赋。根据“In the past ten years ”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为the researcher，助动词用has。 故填has demonstrated。
【14题详解】
考查连接词。句意：在他的心态理论中，激情的最基本的基础是对你正在做的事情产生强烈的兴趣。in后接宾语从句, 从句缺少主语，再结合句意可知，空处填连接词whatever/what。 故填whatever/what。
【15题详解】
考查祈使句。句意：思考一下正在看一篇关于科学的文章的文科学生，或者读一篇关于文学批评的文章的“技术”学生。分析句子结构和句意可知，本句为祈使句的肯定形式。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Consider。
【16题详解】
考查连词。句意：即使学生一开始对这门学科没有什么好奇心，但伴随着成长型思维，他们在阅读这篇文章后会改变对这门新学科兴趣的评级。分析句意可知，本句为让步状语从句，表示“即使，尽管”。故填Even if/though。
【17题详解】
考查连接词。句意：此外，一个人的心态也可以决定他们对更困难的内容感兴趣的时间能有多长，以及他们是否计划处理这些内容。determine后接两个并列的句子作宾语，根据句意和“or not ”可知，空处填whether“是否”。故填whether。
【18题详解】
考查动名词。句意：在一个实验中，在播放了一段关于黑洞的视频后，人们必须阅读一篇关于这个主题的具有挑战性的学术论文。after为介词后接动名词,且people与show在逻辑上是被动关系。故填being shown。
【19题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：具有成长思维的人保持着他们的兴趣：尽管很难掌握技术资料，但他们更愿意了解黑洞。根据句意表示“他们更愿意了解黑洞 ”，所以空处填比较级more willing。故填more willing。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：奥基夫说：“在七分钟的时间里，他们从说“这很有趣”变成了说“不，我看不懂”。from…to…“从……到……”为固定短语。故填to。
II. Vocabulary(10%)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note there is one more word than you need.
Are You Ready for Your 15 Minutes (or More) of Fame
A. respond B. typically C. minority D. quote E. quality F. posted G. purposeful H. achieve I. eventually J accidental
CHENG YUNFU has been quietly making noodles in his small Shandong village for the past fifteen years. During that time he hasn’t raised the price; it’s still 3 yuan a bowl. However, someone ____21____ a video online about Cheng and his cheap noodles and, overnight, the 39-year-old man became an internet celebrity. Thousands of people have visited the village, some of them having traveled for hundreds of miles, just to meet Cheng and eat his noodles.
“In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.” This celebrated ____22____ appeared in a 1968 exhibition of American artist Andy Warhol’s work in Stockholm. This prediction has, in many respects, come true in an era when there are so many channels by which an individual might ____23____ fame (although it is the type of fame which may not endure for very long). You could be one post away from becoming the next celebrity. Sometimes this fame can open doors to other opportunities, but sometimes it can be cruel and frightening.
Unlike Cheng and his ____24____ fame, more people are using online platforms such as Weibo and Bilibili to become “intentional” celebrities. Some of them, such as Papi and Li Ziqi, have become internet sensations (引起轰动的人). These two celebrities, alongside other household names, are considered KOLs (key opinion leaders). A KOL is ____25____ a person who has “expert product knowledge and influence in a particular field.” He or she is “trusted by relevant groups” and has “a significant effect on consumer behavior.” When it comes to internet celebrity, Papi and Li Ziqi are only in the ____26____ as success is much harder to achieve than it would appear at first glance. Being a KOL seems to be fun and easy, but it’s actually hard work. You have to be knowledgeable and interesting, and be able to have to make ____27____ videos and post new ones regularly. In other words, not everyone is qualified to do this job.
There is also the problem of losing your privacy and facing criticism from your fans. Those who follow internet celebrities may come to believe they are your closest friends and get angry when you don’t ____28____ to their comments or emails. As one celebrity said, “Your fans will love you until they kill you.” When Cheng became a celebrity, he was frightened by all the attention he was receiving and hid in his home for a week. But ____29____, he came to accept his instant fame. But he will probably be happier when his celebrity status dies down and enables him, not to become an influencer, but to return to the quiet life of selling his cheap and delicious noodles to his neighbors.
【答案】21. F 22. D 23. H 24. J 25. B 26. C 27. E 28. A 29. I
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过对程云福的偶然的网络走红的记述，对网络走红的优势和弊端以及网络走红的条件等进行了讨论。
【21题详解】
考查动词和一般过去时。句意：然而，有人在网上发布了一段关于程云福和他的廉价面条的视频，一夜之间，这位39岁的男子成为了网红。根据“the 39-year-old man became an internet celebrity”可知，此处应用一般过去时。根据“a video online”可知，此处是指有人在网上发布了一段关于程云福和他的廉价面条的视频。动词post意为“发布”。故选F。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：这句著名的名言出现在1968年在斯德哥尔摩举行的美国艺术家安迪·沃霍尔作品展览上。根据“In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.”(在未来，每个人都将出名15分钟。)可知，此处是指“名言”，所以应用名词quote作主语。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词和情态动词用法。句意：在一个人可以通过多种渠道获得名望(尽管这种名望可能不会持续很长时间)的时代，从很多方面来说，这个预测已经成为现实。根据“although it is the type of fame which may not endure for very long”可知，此处是指个人可以通过多种渠道获得名望。动词achieve意为“获得”，在情态动词might后应用原形。故选H。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与程云福偶然成名不同，越来越多的人通过微博、哔哩哔哩等网络平台成为“有意”名人。根据unlike和intentional可知，此处是指程云福的偶然成名。所以应用形容词accidental表示“偶然的”作定语修饰名词fame。故选J。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意：KOL通常是“在特定领域拥有专业产品知识和影响力”的人。根据后文“He or she is “trusted by relevant groups” and has “a significant effect on consumer behavior.””(他或她“受到相关群体的信任”，“对消费者行为有显著影响”。)可知，此处是指KOL通常是“在特定领域拥有专业产品知识和影响力”的人。所以应用副词typically表示“通常”修饰be动词作状语。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：说到网红，Papi酱和李子柒只是少数，因为成功比乍看起来要难得多。根据“as success is much harder to achieve than it would appear at first glance”可知，Papi酱和李子柒只是少数。所以应用名词minority表示“少数”作介词in的宾语。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：你必须知识渊博和有趣，并有能力制作高质量的视频，并定期发布新的。根据“You have to be knowledgeable and interesting”可知，此处是指有能力制作高质量的视频，所以应用形容词quality表示“高品质的”作定语修饰名词videos。故选E。
【28题详解】
考查动词和助动词的用法。句意：那些关注网红的人可能会认为他们是你最亲密的朋友，当你不回复他们的评论或邮件时，他们会生气。根据“to their comments or emails”可知，此处是指不回复他们的评论或邮件。所以应用动词respond表示“回复”，和don’t 一起构成从句的谓语，在助动词do后用动词原形。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：但最终，他开始接受自己的名声。根据“he was frightened by all the attention he was receiving and hid in his home for a week”(他被人们对他的关注吓坏了，在家里躲了一个星期)可知，此处是指但最终他开始接受自己的名声。所以应用副词eventually表示“最终”修饰句子作状语。故选I。
III. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she____21____ information quickly Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is _____22_____ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to ____23____ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain.____24____, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to ____25____ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to ____26____ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.
Memory can be ____27____ affected by a number of things.____28____ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent ____29____ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it ____30____ to register information in the brain.
When people talk about memory, they often____31____short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute.____32____, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which _____33_____information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.
Why do you forget things sometimes The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough ____34____. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not ____35____ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.
21. A. collects B. processes C. publishes D. absorbs
22. A. necessary B. important C. difficult D. convenient
23. A. figure out B. take out C. put out D. give out
24. A. After all B. Instead C. By contrast D. Besides
25. A. recall B. refresh C. describe D. decrease
26. A. lose B. organize C. identify D. strengthen
27. A. positively B. negatively C. actively D. directly
28. A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various
29. A. benefit B. offence C. effect D. damage
30. A. easier B. more impressive C. harder D. more convenient
31. A. refer to B. apply for C. come across D. break down
32. A. Furthermore B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise
33. A. leaks B. transmits C. checks D. stores
34. A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time
35. A. restore B. record C. replace D. respond
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
这是一篇科普类阅读。文章主要讲了什么是记忆力以及造成记忆力差的原因。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：当说一个人有很好的记忆力时，到底是什么意思？是说这个人可以很快地回忆起某件事情还是能很快的吸收信息？A. collects收集； B. processes处理；C. publishes出版；D. absorbs吸收，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：事实是很难说清楚到底记忆力是什么。A. necessary必要的；B. important重要的；C. difficult困难的；D. convenient方便的，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：甚至连研究了几十年记忆力的科学家们也说他们还在努力去解决记忆力到底是什么。A. figure out解决；B. take out取出；C. put out熄灭；D. give out分发，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：我们知道的是特定的记忆不仅仅是储存在大脑的某个地方，而是由存在整个大脑中的信息碎片组成的。A. After all毕竟； B. Instead代替；C. By contrast相比之下；D. Besides此外，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：或许描述记忆力最好的方式是说它是一个过程，一个记录，储存和找回信息的过程。A. recall回忆；B. refresh更新；C. describe描述；D. decrease减少，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：练习和重复可以帮助加强组成记忆的信息碎片。A. lose失去；B. organize 组织；C. identify识别；D. strengthen加强，故选D。
【27题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：记忆力可能会受很多事情的消极影响。A. positively肯定地；B. negatively消极地；C. actively积极地；D. directly直接地，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：缺乏营养会影响一个人储存信息的能力。A. Poor贫穷的；B. Adequate充足的；C. Special特别的；D. Various各种各样的，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：过度饮酒也会弱化记忆力，长期下来回造成永久性的大脑损伤。A. benefit利益；B. offence犯罪；C. effect影响；D. damage损害，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：视觉或听力问题会影响注意某些特定事情的能力，这样也使信息在大脑中的储存更加困难。A. easier更容易；B. more impressive印象更深刻；C. harder更难的； D. more convenient更方便，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人们提到记忆时，往往指的是短期记忆和长期记忆。A. refer to提到；B. apply for申请；C. come across偶然遇到；D. break down发生故障，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：然而，你不需要在电话簿里找你最好朋友的电话号码，因为你已经知道了。下文与上文之间表示转折，对比，所以用however。 A. Furthermore此外；B. However然而；C. Consequently因此；D. Otherwise否则，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：电话号码是你的长期记忆，长期记忆就是多年来你已经了解的事情。A. leaks泄漏；B. transmits传播；C. checks检查；D. stores存储，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：为什么有时会遗忘呢？遗忘主要是因为一开始就没有学好。A. in the middle在中间；B. at the end最后；C. in the beginning开始；D. ahead of time提前，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查词辨析。restore恢复，修复；record记录；replace代替；respond反应。如果你遇到一些人，马上就忘记了他们的名字，那是因为你在听到他们名字的前几秒钟根本就没有记下来。
IV. Reading
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Today’s oceanographers use sonar （声波定位仪） instruments to produce a sound signal that is bounced（反弹） or “echoed” off the sea floor and then recorded on board the ship. The speed of sound in water is 1,500m per second, four times faster than the speed of sound in air. By carefully measuring the round-trip time of the sound waves and taking into account the variables of temperature and salinity （盐度）, the depth of the water and the distance to another object can be measured accurately.
Taking soundings this way is time-consuming, especially in deep water. Today most depth measurements are made using an echo sounder. Instead of dropping a weight, a pulse （脉冲） of sound energy is transmitted （发射） electronically toward the bottom. The time it takes the pulse to travel to the bottom and be reflected back up to the surface is measured. From this time interval （间隔）, the depth of the water can be calculated. When pulses are sent out and received in quick speed, an almost continuous recording of the ocean depth called a bottom profile may be obtained.
The sedimentary rocks （沉积岩） that exist on the ocean bottom are much younger than any similar rocks found on the continents. The central part of mud and rock brought back by deep-sea drilling ships vary greatly in age, but no deposits from the ocean floor seem to be more than about 200 million years old. This makes oceanic hard outer covering very young compared with the continents, which contain rocks up to about 4 billion years old.
1. From the passage we can learn that the speed of sound in air is ________.
A. 375m per second
B. 6,000m per second
C. 250m per second
D. 350m per second
2. If scientists want to measure the depth of the ocean water, ________.
A. they can use sonar instruments at the bottom of the water
B. they can measure the speed of light on board the ship
C. the can measure the distance between two objects at the bottom of the water
D. they can measure the time of sound waves by using an echo sounder
3. We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. scientists used to drop a weight to the bottom of the water to measure the depth of the water
B. the distance from one object to another can be measured by dropping a weight
C. scientists used to use an echo sounder to measure the depth of the water
D. scientists have to measure the speed of sound first if they want to measure the depth of the water
【答案】ADA
【解析】
1. A。根据第一段，声音在水中传播的速度是1,500米 / 秒，是空气中声音速度的4倍，因此可以计算出空气中声音的速度是375米 / 秒。
2. D。根据第一段可知，如果科学家想测量海水的深度，他们可利用声波测量。
3. A。根据第二段Instead of dropping a weight, a pulse （脉冲） of sound energy is transmit （发射） electronically toward the bottom可知，过去科学家是用向海底投东西的方式来测量海水深度的。
B
When I was sixteen, that summer my brother Andy and I hiked the Sierra Nevada in the back country near Lake Tahoe. Our parents had left us with two water bottles and instructions to stick to the trail. “Don’t get lost,” my mother shouted as the car pulled away. I nodded, not quite paying attention, because I had never been in high mountains before. I was eager for the experience.
We struggled up the switchback path, not used to strenuous （艰难的） activity in the July heat. We seemed closer to the sun. Andy and I emptied the bottles quickly into our throats, unfamiliar with moderation and conservation .
My brother and I walked around the lakeside. Our drinking supply was almost gone. The heat of the day had demoralized （使意志消沉） us. We sat on the edge of the wide lake, took off our shoes and bathed our tired feet.
We eyed the lake and began to question. “Should we jump in Are we allowed Should we get our clothes wet Is it too cold Will some great monster rise up and devour us ” We asked ourselves. We excused. And then, we walked slowly back through the cloudless summer gap, down into the valley. Why Why didn’t we jump in that lake It was clear, clean and wet. No one would have stopped us. We could have been cool and comfortable all the way home. But no.
At some point in our lives, we must learn this lesson: to dive into the lake, to be free, to follow our heart’s desires. When we are old and sitting by the peaceful lake in patient stillness, we can then abstain（避开） from jumping in. We can linger（留恋） in the perfect happiness of our lake memories, with nothing left undone.
4. The author and his brother went hiking the Sierra Nevada ________.
Ａ. on a very hot day
Ｂ. with plenty of bottles of water
Ｃ. on a rainy day
Ｄ. without any preparations
5. They asked themselves so many questions in order to ________.
A. stay longer beside the lake
B. find some excuses not to swim in the lake
C. prepare for their examinations
D. encourage each other
6. We can infer that the author ________.
A. regretted not swimming in the lake
B. came back and swam in the lack afterwards
C. felt lucky for not swimming in the lake
D. never went hiking again with his brother
7. The author tells us a truth by writing the passage that ________.
A. if you want to show your encouragement to others, you will go hiking in high mountains
B. taking plenty of water is very important when you go hiking in high mountains
C. never go hiking in high mountains where there are no lakes
D. do what you want to do when you are young or else you will regret when you get old
【答案】ABAD
【解析】
A。短文第二、三两段描写了因为天气的炎热使他们疲惫不堪，由此推断他们是在一个非
常炎热的天气去爬山的。
B。他们问了如此多的问题是想找借口不进湖游泳。从短文倒数第二段的We excused. And then, we walked
slowly back through the cloudless summer gap, down into the valley.也可获得答案。
A。根据倒数第二段的We could have been cool and comfortable all the way home. But no.和
最后一段作者的感悟可知，作者对没有进湖游泳感到后悔。
D。通过最后一段作者的感慨可知，作者写这篇短文的目的是为了说明一些事情年轻时当
做则做，免得老来后悔。
Ⅴ. Translation (16%)
在这起事故中只有极少数乘客幸免于难。(survive)
为何不说服更多市民在双休日使用公共交通？(persuade)
春天到了，应该暂时禁止学生在草坪上行走。(ban)
该份报告所缺乏的是对学龄儿童家庭背景的调查。(what)
谈到文化差异，把有着许多共性的两种文化彼此区别开来不是一件容易的事。(common)
Keys:
Only few passengers survived the accident. (survive sth. 幸免于…)
Why not persuade more citizens to use public transport on weekends (persuade sb. to do sth.…劝某人做某事…)
With spring coming, students should be banned from walking on the grass.(ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事)
What lacks in this report is the investigation of the family background of the children who are at schooling age. (考查主语从句)
It is not an easy thing to distinguish two cultures which have a lot in common referring to culture difference. (have … in common)