Unit 4 Achievements单元素养评估测试卷（上教版必修二）
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Achievements单元素养评估测试卷（上教版必修二） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-10-22 18:00:59 | ||
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Unit 4 Achievements
单元素养评估测试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Over-dried Earth
The south-west of the United States, together with some parts of Mexico across the Rio Grande, is one of the driest parts of the North American continent. But, over the past two decades, even that expected dryness ___21___ (take) to the limit. According to Park Williams, who works at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, the current lack of rainfall in the area constitutes a megadrought of a severity ___22___(see) on only four other occasions in the past 1,200 years.
Dr Williams studies the annual growth rings of 1,586 ancient trees, in order to reconstruct soil-moisture patterns going back to 800 A.D. During warm, wet years trees grow fast, producing wide rings. During cold, dry ___23___ they grow more slowly, producing narrow rings. During a drought, a tree ___24___ not grow much at all.
___25___they describe in this week’s Science, the team identified dozens of droughts over the centuries in question. But four stood out. They then took the average soil-moisture value for the current drought and compared it with sequential（连续的） 19-year averages with the previous four, one of them ___26___(last) nearly a century. This showed that the region is already drier than it was during the first three of the previous megadroughts, and is equivalent to the event of 1575-1603.
In a world ___27___ human actions are driving temperatures up, Dr Parker and his colleagues wondered how much people are ___28___(blame) for this state of affairs. To estimate that, they turned to climate modelling.
Climate models are able to re-run the past with and ___29___ the warming effects of human activity, offering a way to compare what actually happened with what might have done. In their simulated world in which anthropogenic（人类起源的） emissions had not increased the greenhouse-gas effect, the team found that a drought did indeed still influence the western reaches of North America during the first two decades of the 21st century. But this imaginary dry spell was considerably ___30___(severe) than the real one-ranking 11th rather than 2nd in the period under study (see chart).
【答案】21. has been taken 22. seen 23. ones 24. might /may 25. As 26. lasting
27. where 28. to blame 29. without 30. less severe
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章以美国和墨西哥的部分地区为例，讲述了科学家对过度干燥的地球的研究。研究表明，人类活动对于对球变得过热起到了推动的作用。
【21题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：但是，在过去的二十年中，预期的干旱也已达到极限了。由时间状语over the past two decades可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语dryness承受动词take的动作，谓语动词使用被动语态，并且主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been taken。
【22题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：根据哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站工作的帕克·威廉姆斯的说法，该地区目前的降雨不足造成了特大干旱，其严重程度在过去的1200年中仅在其他四个场合出现过。megadrought of a severity承受动词see的动作，使用过去分词作后置定语。故填seen。
【23题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：在寒冷干燥的季节，它们生长较慢，产生狭窄的年轮。为避免重复，使用ones代替前面的复数名词years。故填ones。
【24题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：在干旱期间，树可能不会长很多。根据语境，此处填入情态动词表示推测，意为“可能”。故填might/may。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：正如他们在本周的《科学》杂志上描述的那样，研究小组确定了几个世纪以来发生的数十次干旱。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入连词as引导定语从句，并指代逗号后面的句子，意为“正如”。故填As。
【26题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：然后，他们获取了当前干旱的平均土壤水分值，并将其与连续19年的平均值进行了比较，并将其与前四个平均值进行比较，其中一个数值持续了近一个世纪。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面的last的作为动词使用，应填入非谓语动词的形式，one of them发出last的动作，因此应使用现在分词的形式。故填lasting。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在这个人类举动加剧气温的世界中，帕克博士和他的同事们想知道人类应该为这种状况负多少责任。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入连词引导定语从句，先行词是world，它在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
【28题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在这个人类举动加剧气温的世界中，帕克博士和他的同事们想知道人类应该为这种状况负多少责任。be to blame for：为……应该受到责备，为……承担责任，这是固定用法。故填to blame。
【29题详解】
考查介词。句意：气候模型能够在有和没有人类活动带来变暖影响的情况下重现过去，从而提供一种比较实际发生的事情和可能做过的事情的方式。由下文的“anthropogenic emissions had not increased the greenhouse-gas effect（人为排放并没有增加温室气体的影响）”可知，此处应填入介词with的反义词without，即without the warming effects of human activity（没有人类活动导致的变暖影响），这两部分是同义表达。故填without。
【30题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：但是，同期的研究发现这种虚构的干旱没有真正的排名第11的干旱严重却比排名第2的严重（参见图表）。由than可知，形容词severe应使用比较级的形式。结合图表信息可知，表示“程度没有那么严重”应使用less+形容词。故填less severe。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. access B. terms C. improve D. amount E. quality F. facility G. scientific H. opportunity I. containers J. partnering K. featuring
Many people find it helpful to simply take a moment to focus in the middle of the day. But people rarely have the ___16___ to do this, given such busy schedules. This is where US company Open Vessel comes in.
In September, Open Vessel came up with an interesting idea - putting its meditation pods (冥想室) in public places.
According to USA Online News, these pods look like eggs. ___17___ noise-canceling materials, these pods can block out a significant ___18___ of external noise and create a quiet environment for people. Inside the ___19___, there is a circular bench surrounded by a backrest (靠背) with LED lights. Users can choose the music they like. When the music plays, the lights change in ___20___ of the beat. Users can also be guided for breathing exercises and meditation.
“The human race will ___21___ higher states of awareness, not through external ___22___ developments, but by taking the journey within," according to the company.
The company will be ___23___ with hotels, company offices, universities and retailers to facilitate moments of stillness that can ___24___ human performance, consciousness and well-being.
“Just like any other relaxing ____25____, this meditation pod would be a worthy addition promoting well-being," noted online magazine Homecrux.
【答案】16. H 17. K 18. D 19. I 20. B 21. A 22. G 23. J 24. C 25. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冥想室的特点和意义。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是在如此繁忙的日程下，人们很少有机会做这件事。定冠词the后应接名词，根据上下文可知，这里是指“有机会”，opportunity“机会”符合语境。故选H。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些冥想室具有降噪材料，可以屏蔽大量的外部噪音，为人们创造一个安静的环境。feature作动词时意为“以……为特色”，符合句意，此处feature应用非谓语动词作状语，与主语these pods构成逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故选K。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些冥想室具有降噪材料，可以屏蔽大量的外部噪音，为人们创造一个安静的环境。a significant amount of表示“大量的”，符合句意。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：在容器内部，有一个圆形长椅，椅背环绕着LED灯。根据上下文可知，此处表示the pods“冥想仓”，containers表示“容器”，可指代前文“冥想仓”。故选I。
【20题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：当音乐响起时，灯光会随着节拍变化。in terms of为介词短语，意为“依据、按照”，符合句意。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：人类将获得更高的意识状态，不是通过外部的科学发展，而是通过内部的旅程。情态动词will后应接动词原形，access作动词时表示“使用、获得”，符合句意。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人类将获得更高的意识状态，不是通过外部的科学发展，而是通过内部的旅程。scientific表示“科学的”，scientific developments“科学发展”，符合句意。故选G。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司将与酒店、公司办公室、大学和零售商合作，促进人们静思冥想，以改善人类的表现、意识和福祉。partner with“与……合作”。will be doing为将来进行时，故此处应填partnering。故选J。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司将与酒店、公司办公室、大学和零售商合作，促进人们静思冥想，以改善人类的表现、意识和福祉。情态动词can后应接动词原形，improve表示“提高、改善”，符合句意。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：就像其他放松设施一样，这个冥想舱是一个有价值的能提高幸福感的补充。根据上下文可知，冥想仓也属于休闲放松的设施，facility表示“设施、设备”，符合句意,又any other后接名词单数。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The days of the camera-carrying tourist may be numbered. Insensitive travelers are being ordered to 41 pointing their cameras at local residents. Tour companies selling expensive trips to remote corners of the world have become increasingly annoyed at the 42 of visitors upsetting locals. Now one such operator plans to ban clients from taking any photographic equipment on holidays. Julian Matthews is the director of Discovery Initiatives, a company that is working hand-in-hand with other organizations to offer holidays combining high adventure with working on environmental projects.
Matthews says he is providing ‘holidays without 43 , insisting that Discovery Initiatives is not a tour operator but an environmental support company. Clients are referred to as ‘participants’. ‘We see ourselves as the next step on from Eco-tourism, which is merely a(n) 44 form of sensitive travel—ours is a more active approach.’
However, says Matthews, there is a price to pay. ‘I am planning to introduce tours with a total ban on cameras because of the damage they do to our relationships with 45 . I have seen some 46 things, such as a group of six tourists arriving at a remote village in the South American jungle, each with a video camera attached to their face. That sort of thing tears me up inside. Would you like somebody to come into your home and take a photo of you cooking A camera is like a weapon; it puts up a barrier and you lose all the 47 that comes through body language, which 48 means that the host communities are denied access to the so-called cross-cultural exchange.’
Matthews’ views reflect a growing 49 among some tour companies at the increasingly rude behaviour of wealthy tourists. Chris Parrott, of Journey Latin America, says: ‘We tell our clients that indigenous (土著的) people are often shy about being 50 , but we certainly don’t tell them not to take a camera. If they take pictures without asking, they may find themselves having tomatoes thrown at them.’
Crispin Jones, of Exodus, the overland truck specialist, says: ‘We don’t have a(n) 51 but, should cameras cause offence, our tour leaders will make it quite clear that they cannot be 52 . Clients tend to do what they are told.’
Earthwatch, which pioneered the 53 of active Eco-tourism by sending paying volunteers to work on scientific projects around the world, does not ban cameras, but operates strict rules on their use. Ed Wilson, the marketing director of the company, says: ‘Some people use the camera as a(n) 54 ; it allows them to distance themselves from the reality of what they see. I would like to see tourists 55 their cameras for once, rather than trying to record everything they see.’
41. A. consider B. stop C. practise D. mind
42. A. edge B. expense C. bottom D. sight
43. A. surprise B. limit C. doubt D. guilt
44. A. passive B. simple C. inexpensive D. innovative
45. A. guides B. locals C. tourists D. specialists
46. A. routine B. interesting C. terrible D. personal
47. A. protection B. passion C. communication D. dignity
48. A. effectively B. accidentally C. comparatively D. optimistically
49. A. unease B. feeling C. awareness D. despair
50. A. misunderstood B. witnessed C. sponsored D. photographed
51. A. experience B. policy C. market D. intention
52. A. offended B. used C. judged D. deserted
53. A. change B. benefit C. concept D. history
54. A. protector B. exchange C. tool D. barrier
55. A. turning up B. looking after C. putting away D. running out
41-55 BDDAB, CCAAD, BBCDC
41. 从第一句“游客带相机的日子可能屈指可数了”可看出这里应该是不让他们拍照。
42. 应该是对游客惹恼当地人的景象越来越恼火。
43. 后面提到是环保支持公司，生态旅游等，根据选项排除法，他提出的应该是“没有罪恶感的假期”。
44. 与后面的更积极对比，这里应该是消极。
45. 禁止使用相机和摄像机，因为它们会损害我们与当地人的关系，因为拍照主要是拍当地的人和物。
46. 根据后面的举例，这里应该是消极词汇，所以选C。
47. 根据前面的设置障碍，可知这里是失去交流机会。
48. effectively实际上。
49. 根据后面的例子我们可以看出一些旅游公司对富有游客日益傲慢的行为感到越来越不安。
50. 根据前文可看出这里是被拍照。
51. 现在没有不许拍照这种规定，所以policy最合适。
52. 表示不能用相机，所以选B。
53. 地球观察首创了积极生态旅游的概念。
54. 从后面的distance可看出选择障碍。
55. 从后面的rather than看出选择与record相反意思的词。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
William Shakespeare was the greatest writer in the English language and is known around the world. But how much do you really know about him
Shakespeare was born in Stratford upon Avon, located in central England, in 1564. At age 18, he married Anne Hathaway and they had three children. Then Shakespeare went to London to work as an actor and writer. In 1599，the Globe Theatre was built in London. It was in this theatre that some of Shakespeare's plays were first performed. In 1613. the theatre was destroyed by a fire. However. a modern reconstruction of the theatre was built near the original site in 1997, so even today you can go to the Globe Theatre to see one of Shakespeare's plays.
His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets and some other poems. He is best known for his plays. which have been translated into every major language and are performed more than those of any other playwright (剧作家) in the world. Shakespeare's works remain very popular. But why do we like these old plays Perhaps it is because they all contain fantastic stories. His characters suffer bloody battles, deaths by poison, and dramatic family battles. His plays are full of exciting storylines and lessons about morality.
Hamlet, for example, is about revenge (复仇) and also about how difficult it is to take action sometimes, even when it is important to do so. Hamlet's father is murdered by another man, who then marries Hamlet's mother, Everybody wants to see Hamlet dead. Hamlet must take revenge. but will he be able to The famous quote “To be or not to be, that is the question" comes from this play.
1. How is Paragraph 2 organized
A. In order of time. B. In order of location.
C. In order of importance. D. In order of preference.
2. Paragraph 3 mainly talks about Shakespeare's__________.
A. poems B. characters C. performances D. achievements
3. Modern people still like reading Shakespeare's works to_______.
A. enjoy good stories B. experience history C. admire heroes D. gain knowledge
4. What can be learned about Hamlet
A. He is in a dilemma. B. He hates his father.
C. He is afraid of death. D. He never takes action.
【答案】ADAA
【解析】这是一篇说明文。威廉·莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家，全世界都知道他。文章主要介绍了莎士比亚的生平事迹和成就，以及现代人喜欢看他的戏剧的原因。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Shakespeare was born in Stratford upon Avon, located in central England, in 1564. At age 18, he married Anne Hathaway and they had three children. Then Shakespeare went to London to work as an actor and writer. In 1599，the Globe Theatre was built in London. It was in this theatre that some of Shakespeare's plays were first performed. In 1613. the theatre was destroyed by a fire. However, a modern reconstruction of the theatre was built near the original site in 1997, so even today you can go to the Globe Theatre to see one of Shakespeare's plays.可知1564年，莎士比亚出生在英格兰中部埃文河畔的Stratford。18岁时，他与Anne Hathaway结婚，育有3个孩子。后来，莎士比亚去伦敦当演员和作家。1599年，环球剧院在伦敦建成。莎士比亚的一些戏剧就是在这个剧院首次上演的。在1613年。剧院被一场大火烧毁了。但是1997年，这座剧院在原址附近进行了现代化的重建，所以即使在今天，你也可以去环球剧院观看莎士比亚的戏剧。由此可推知，第二段按时间顺序展开的。故选A。
【2题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets and some other poems. He is best known for his plays. which have been translated into every major language and are performed more than those of any other playwright (剧作家) in the world. Shakespeare's works remain very popular.可知他现存的作品包括38部戏剧，154首十四行诗和其他一些诗歌。他最出名的是他的戏剧。它被翻译成各种主要语言，比世界上任何其他剧作家的演出都要多。莎士比亚的作品仍然很受欢迎。由此可知，第三段主要讲莎士比亚的成就。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中But why do we like these old plays Perhaps it is because they all contain fantastic stories. His characters suffer bloody battles, deaths by poison, and dramatic family battles. His plays are full of exciting storylines and lessons about morality.可知但是我们为什么喜欢这些老戏剧呢？也许是因为它们都包含着奇异的故事。他笔下的人物经历了血腥的战斗，被毒药毒死，以及戏剧性的家庭争斗。他的戏剧充满了令人兴奋的故事情节和关于道德的课程。由此可知，现代人仍然喜欢读莎士比亚的作品，是为了欣赏其中精彩的故事。故选A。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Hamlet, for example, is about revenge (复仇) and also about how difficult it is to take action sometimes, even when it is important to do so. Hamlet's father is murdered by another man, who then marries Hamlet's mother, Everybody wants to see Hamlet dead. Hamlet must take revenge, but will he be able to The famous quote“To be or not to be, that is the question" comes from this play.可知例如，《哈姆雷特》讲述了复仇的故事，也讲述了有时采取行动是多么困难，即使这样做是很重要的。哈姆雷特的父亲被另一个人谋杀，然后这个人娶了哈姆雷特的母亲，每个人都想看到哈姆雷特死去。哈姆雷特必须复仇，但他能做到吗？“生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题”这句名言出自这部戏剧。由此可知，Hamlet在一个进退两难的境地里。故选A。
B
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5. TV VOICE PRO AIR is aimed at _____.
A. TV designers B. people with hearing difficulty
C. hearing specialists D. wearers of digital hearing aids
6. According to the advertisement, TV VOICE PRO AIR enables the wearer to _____.
A. enjoy TV even over 35 feet from his/her house B. improve his/her hearing ability in daily life
C. listen to TV clearly at whatever volume D. watch more TV programs
7. What can be learned about TV VOICE PRO AIR from the advertisement
A. You can get a refund within 30 days if dissatisfied with it.
B. You need to pay $50 for its shipping if you buy it in 2021.
C. You can get a discount as long as you use Gift Voucher Code.
D. You need to place a special order for it if you have severe hearing loss.
【答案】BCA
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一款名为TV VOICE PRO AIR的耳机，可以帮助有听力障碍的人听清电视节目中的讲话和对话。介绍了其产品特色和功能等情况。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“Speech enhancement technique based upon clinical hearing assessments of over 1,000 people with varying levels of hearing loss and proven TV listening difficulty(根据对超过1000名不同程度的听力损失者进行临床听力评估，并证明了电视听力的困难性，采用了语音增强技术)”以及“Simple volume control located on the earphones, with additional loud volume range to suit those with even severe hearing loss.(耳机里有简单的音量控制，以及额外大声的音量范围，以适应那些甚至听力严重受损的人)”可推知，TV VOICE PRO AIR针对的是有听力障碍的人。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Big and heavy TV headphones are now a thing of the past, thanks to Hearing Specialists who have developed new ultra-lightweight wireless TV earbuds, which enable the wearer to hear the speech and dialogue on any TV show with clarity. The unique speech clarification audio works for those with any level of hearing loss, and has been proven to outperform even the most advanced digital hearing aids for TV clarity.(现在又大又重的电视耳机已经成为过去，这要归功于听力专家们研发出了一种新型的超轻无线电视耳机，它能让佩戴者在任何电视节目中听到清晰的讲话和对话。独特的语音清晰度音频适用于任何程度的听力损失者，并已被证明甚至优于最先进的数字助听器的电视清晰度)”可知，广告中说，TV VOICE PRO AIR能让佩戴者在任何音量下都能清晰地收听电视。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE(30天退款保证)”可知，如果不满意TV VOICE PRO AIR产品，30天内可以退款。故选A。
C
One study was done by researchers at California Polytechnic State University. A research team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the state of Colorado, U. S. A biology graduate student, Danielle Ferraro, led the study. Ferraro says that there could be an evolutionary(进化的) reason why we like birdsong. There could be many other reasons, too. Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather. Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.
She explained her study to VOA. Ferraro and her team played recorded songs from a diverse group of birds native to the area. They did this on hiking trails in a park in Boulder, Colorado.
Over several weeks, the researchers played recorded birdsong at certain time of the day and other time they did not. Then they talked with hikers after they passed by. Hikers who heard the recorded diverse birdsong reported a greater sense of well-being than those who heard simply the natural birds. The research suggests that both the bird sounds and biodiversity(生物多样性) can increase feelings of well-being.
Ferraro explained that she used native birdsong for the study. This way it would sound as natural as possible. They also did the study during the summer. “The study took place in the summer and that's kind of important because the spring is most birds’ breeding season. And if we played the birdsong during breeding season, you know, it would be terrible. ”
Scientists in Germany also examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. They found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.
“I recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of, you know, pretty ornamental (装饰性的) plants in our cities. So, I think it's important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity. ” Joel Methorst, the study's lead author said.
8. What can we learn from the study led by Danielle Ferraro about birdsong
A. It can make us humans happy. B. It means a healthy environment.
C. It signals the arrival of danger. D. It tells us the evolution of birds.
9. Why was the study conducted in the summer according to Ferraro
A. To get more exact data. B. To please the hikers.
C. To reduce disturbance to birds’ breeding. D. To have more birds involved in the study.
10. Why were scientists in Germany mentioned in the text
A. To introduce a new topic for discussion. B. To support the recent finding further.
C. To add some background information. D. To summarize the previous paragraphs.
11. What can be advised to increase bird diversity from Joel Methorst
A. Introducing more foreign birds. B. Expanding the habitat of birds.
C. Planting more trees in the cities. D. Having more native species.
【答案】ACBD
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,，调查研究表明鸟儿的歌唱能改善人的情绪，让人高兴。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段A research team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the state of Colorado, U. S. 并结合第三段The research suggests that both the bird sounds and biodiversity(生物多样性) can increase feelings of well-being. 可知，调查研究发现鸟儿的歌唱能改善人的情绪，让人高兴。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The study took place in the summer and that's kind of important because the spring is most birds’ breeding season. And if we played the birdsong during breeding season, you know, it would be terrible. ”可知，春天是鸟儿的繁殖季节，所以这个调查选择在夏天，是为了减少对鸟儿繁殖的干扰。
10. 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段The research suggests that both the bird sounds and biodiversity(生物多样性) can increase feelings of well-being. 再结合倒数第二段Scientists in Germany also examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. 可知，提及德国科学家的研究发现的目的在于进一步支持第一个研究的结论。
11 . 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。结合最后一段So, I think it's important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity. 可知，Joel Methorst 的观点是有更多的当地物种可以有效地增加鸟儿的种类。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Can I train myself to need less sleep
As an experiment for his high-school science fair in 1964, a 17-year-old San Diego boy named Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours. That is 11 days. The project attracted the attention of the Stanford sleep researchers William Dement. Dement and other researchers took turns watching and assessing the young man's consciousness. ____55____ Nor did he seem to suffer any permanent setbacks. Dement said that on day 10, Gardner even beat him at pinball.
I asked David Dinges, the chief of the division of sleep at the University of Pennsylvania, how many people could do anything close to that without dying. He replied that "when animals are sleep- deprived constantly, they will suffer serious biological consequences. Death is one of those consequences”.
That said, cases like Gardner's--- of people who suffered great sleep deprivation without major setbacks--are well documented. ____56____ Dinges said that "we probably do have people among us—and not necessarily 1 percent; there may be many more than that—who can actually tolerate sleep loss better than others." This proposition has been borne out in studies of participants in transoceanic sailing races, which did not afford them the luxury of long blocks of sleep. ____57____
The concept of sleeping in short bursts has spread since those races began, in the 1960s. Today, a small global community of people practices "polyphasic sleeping”，based on the idea that by dividing your sleep into short bursts, you can get away with less of it.
____58____ And he notes that even for the 1 percent (or so) who can survive on less sleep and function well cognitively, we still don't know how the practice might be affecting metabolism, mood, and many other factors. “ You may be cheerful, but not cognitively fit. Or you may be cognitively fit, but hard to be around because you’re pushy or hyperactive.
A. The winners tended to be the people who slept the least, often in multiple short bursts.
B. The crucial finding was that throughout their time in the study, researchers thought they were functioning perfectly well.
C. A small number of people, sometimes called "short sleepers” and commonly thought to make up perhaps 1 percent of the population, seem to survive on only four or five hours a night.
D. But when the doctor put patients in a lab to make certain they stayed awake, performance suffered.
E. Though it is possible to train oneself to sleep in short bursts instead of a single nightly block, Dinges says it does not seem possible to train oneself to need less sleep per 24-hour cycle.
F. By all accounts, he took no stimulant medications.
【答案】55. F 56. C 57. A 58. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对一些人只需要很少睡眠但可以保持良好的认知功能的现象进行了介绍，并对人们是否能训练自己需要较少睡眠介绍了了专家的观点。
【55题详解】
根据后文“Nor did he seem to suffer any permanent setbacks.”(他似乎也没有遭受任何永久的挫折。)可知，此处是指研究人员发现他没有经历过什么刺激和挫折，根据nor可知，空格处也是讲他没有经历过什么，所以选项F“大家都说，他没有服用兴奋剂。”切合文意。故选F。
【56题详解】
根据前文“That said, cases like Gardner's--- of people who suffered great sleep deprivation without major setbacks--are well documented.”(也就是说，像加德纳这样的案例——遭受了严重的睡眠不足，却没有遭遇重大挫折的人们——有很好的记载。)可知，此处是讲睡眠时间非常少的人，根据后文 “we probably do have people among us—and not necessarily 1 percent”(我们中间可能确实有人——不一定达到1%)可知，空格处讲睡眠时间非常少的人可能占小于1%的比例。所以选项C“一小部分人，有时被称为‘短睡眠者 ’，通常被认为约占人口的1%，似乎每晚只睡四五个小时。 ”切合文意。故选C。
【57题详解】
根据前文“there may be many more than that—who can actually tolerate sleep loss better than others”(可能有更多的人比其他人更能忍受睡眠不足)和“This proposition has been borne out in studies of participants in transoceanic sailing races, which did not afford them the luxury of long blocks of sleep.”(这一观点在对远洋航海比赛参与者的研究中得到了证实，这个比赛中他们不能享受长时间睡眠的奢侈。)可知，在这种比赛中需要睡眠越少的人越有优势，所以选项A“赢家往往是那些睡眠最少的人，而且往往是多次短暂睡眠。 ”切合文意。故选A。
【58题详解】
根据后文“And he notes that even for the 1 percent (or so) who can survive on less sleep and function well cognitively, we still don't know how the practice might be affecting metabolism, mood, and many other factors. ”(他还指出，即使是1%左右的人，他们可以在较少的睡眠和良好的认知功能下生存，我们仍然不知道这种做法可能如何影响新陈代谢、情绪和许多其他因素。)可知，空格处应出现一个人名，并表明对较少睡眠的观点，根据前文“Today, a small global community of people practices “polyphasic sleeping”，based on the idea that by dividing your sleep into short bursts, you can get away with less of it.”(今天，一个全球小社区的人在实践“多相睡眠”，基于这样的想法，通过将你的睡眠分为短时间的爆发，你可以获得更少的睡眠。)可知，空格处应是对短时间睡眠的训练的观点，所以选项E “丁格斯说，尽管训练自己在短时间内入睡而不是在夜间的一个时间段内入睡是可能的，但似乎不可能训练自己在每24小时周期内需要更少的睡眠。”切合文意。故选E。
第II卷
Translation
1. 为了挣足够的钱养家，他努力地工作。(earn)
2. 经常性的锻炼能使我们拥有高质量的生活。(ensure)
3.你现在方便过来吗？你的同事刚才一个小时一直在试图练习你。(convenient)
4. 在她的推荐下，我报了这个培训机构新推出得到课程， 这正好解决了我时间不多的问题。（which）
【参考答案】
1.To earn enough money to support his family, he works very hard.
2.Regular exercise can ensure us a high quality of life.
3.Would it be convenient for you to come Your colleague has been attempting to contact you for the last hour.
4.I enrolled in the course, the educational institute just introduced on her recommendation, which could be a
solution to my lack of time.
VI、Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是高中生李华，你所在的班级将要举办一次主题为“What Can We Do for Our Community ”的英语演讲比赛。 请写一篇英语演讲稿，要求从以下四方面中任选几个方面进行阐述。
1. 关心、帮助他人; 2. 保护、美化环境; 3. 受护社区设施; 4. 营造良好的人居氛围。
注意：
1. 不要出现学校校名和本人真实姓名，
2. 词数：120左右;
3. 开头和结尾已经写好，且不记入词数。
What Can We Do for Our Community
Hello, everyone. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for our community, and I think each of us can do something.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening!
One possible version：
What Can We Do for Our Community
Hello, everyone. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for our community, and I think each of us can do something.
The first thing we can do is to make our community a more harmonious one. Every one of us should show respect and kindness to others, always ready to give a helping hand. We can also form a good habit of putting the rubbish in the trashcan. The second thing we can do is to protect the facilities in our community. When we woke out, we should never forget to use the gym equipment correctly and gently. We should also cherish every tree and every blade of grass in the community while taking a walk.
If everyone does one thing for our community, I believe we will turn it into a better place to live in.
Thank you for listening!
单元素养评估测试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Over-dried Earth
The south-west of the United States, together with some parts of Mexico across the Rio Grande, is one of the driest parts of the North American continent. But, over the past two decades, even that expected dryness ___21___ (take) to the limit. According to Park Williams, who works at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, the current lack of rainfall in the area constitutes a megadrought of a severity ___22___(see) on only four other occasions in the past 1,200 years.
Dr Williams studies the annual growth rings of 1,586 ancient trees, in order to reconstruct soil-moisture patterns going back to 800 A.D. During warm, wet years trees grow fast, producing wide rings. During cold, dry ___23___ they grow more slowly, producing narrow rings. During a drought, a tree ___24___ not grow much at all.
___25___they describe in this week’s Science, the team identified dozens of droughts over the centuries in question. But four stood out. They then took the average soil-moisture value for the current drought and compared it with sequential（连续的） 19-year averages with the previous four, one of them ___26___(last) nearly a century. This showed that the region is already drier than it was during the first three of the previous megadroughts, and is equivalent to the event of 1575-1603.
In a world ___27___ human actions are driving temperatures up, Dr Parker and his colleagues wondered how much people are ___28___(blame) for this state of affairs. To estimate that, they turned to climate modelling.
Climate models are able to re-run the past with and ___29___ the warming effects of human activity, offering a way to compare what actually happened with what might have done. In their simulated world in which anthropogenic（人类起源的） emissions had not increased the greenhouse-gas effect, the team found that a drought did indeed still influence the western reaches of North America during the first two decades of the 21st century. But this imaginary dry spell was considerably ___30___(severe) than the real one-ranking 11th rather than 2nd in the period under study (see chart).
【答案】21. has been taken 22. seen 23. ones 24. might /may 25. As 26. lasting
27. where 28. to blame 29. without 30. less severe
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章以美国和墨西哥的部分地区为例，讲述了科学家对过度干燥的地球的研究。研究表明，人类活动对于对球变得过热起到了推动的作用。
【21题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：但是，在过去的二十年中，预期的干旱也已达到极限了。由时间状语over the past two decades可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语dryness承受动词take的动作，谓语动词使用被动语态，并且主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been taken。
【22题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：根据哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站工作的帕克·威廉姆斯的说法，该地区目前的降雨不足造成了特大干旱，其严重程度在过去的1200年中仅在其他四个场合出现过。megadrought of a severity承受动词see的动作，使用过去分词作后置定语。故填seen。
【23题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：在寒冷干燥的季节，它们生长较慢，产生狭窄的年轮。为避免重复，使用ones代替前面的复数名词years。故填ones。
【24题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：在干旱期间，树可能不会长很多。根据语境，此处填入情态动词表示推测，意为“可能”。故填might/may。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：正如他们在本周的《科学》杂志上描述的那样，研究小组确定了几个世纪以来发生的数十次干旱。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入连词as引导定语从句，并指代逗号后面的句子，意为“正如”。故填As。
【26题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：然后，他们获取了当前干旱的平均土壤水分值，并将其与连续19年的平均值进行了比较，并将其与前四个平均值进行比较，其中一个数值持续了近一个世纪。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面的last的作为动词使用，应填入非谓语动词的形式，one of them发出last的动作，因此应使用现在分词的形式。故填lasting。
【27题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在这个人类举动加剧气温的世界中，帕克博士和他的同事们想知道人类应该为这种状况负多少责任。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入连词引导定语从句，先行词是world，它在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
【28题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在这个人类举动加剧气温的世界中，帕克博士和他的同事们想知道人类应该为这种状况负多少责任。be to blame for：为……应该受到责备，为……承担责任，这是固定用法。故填to blame。
【29题详解】
考查介词。句意：气候模型能够在有和没有人类活动带来变暖影响的情况下重现过去，从而提供一种比较实际发生的事情和可能做过的事情的方式。由下文的“anthropogenic emissions had not increased the greenhouse-gas effect（人为排放并没有增加温室气体的影响）”可知，此处应填入介词with的反义词without，即without the warming effects of human activity（没有人类活动导致的变暖影响），这两部分是同义表达。故填without。
【30题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：但是，同期的研究发现这种虚构的干旱没有真正的排名第11的干旱严重却比排名第2的严重（参见图表）。由than可知，形容词severe应使用比较级的形式。结合图表信息可知，表示“程度没有那么严重”应使用less+形容词。故填less severe。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. access B. terms C. improve D. amount E. quality F. facility G. scientific H. opportunity I. containers J. partnering K. featuring
Many people find it helpful to simply take a moment to focus in the middle of the day. But people rarely have the ___16___ to do this, given such busy schedules. This is where US company Open Vessel comes in.
In September, Open Vessel came up with an interesting idea - putting its meditation pods (冥想室) in public places.
According to USA Online News, these pods look like eggs. ___17___ noise-canceling materials, these pods can block out a significant ___18___ of external noise and create a quiet environment for people. Inside the ___19___, there is a circular bench surrounded by a backrest (靠背) with LED lights. Users can choose the music they like. When the music plays, the lights change in ___20___ of the beat. Users can also be guided for breathing exercises and meditation.
“The human race will ___21___ higher states of awareness, not through external ___22___ developments, but by taking the journey within," according to the company.
The company will be ___23___ with hotels, company offices, universities and retailers to facilitate moments of stillness that can ___24___ human performance, consciousness and well-being.
“Just like any other relaxing ____25____, this meditation pod would be a worthy addition promoting well-being," noted online magazine Homecrux.
【答案】16. H 17. K 18. D 19. I 20. B 21. A 22. G 23. J 24. C 25. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冥想室的特点和意义。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是在如此繁忙的日程下，人们很少有机会做这件事。定冠词the后应接名词，根据上下文可知，这里是指“有机会”，opportunity“机会”符合语境。故选H。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些冥想室具有降噪材料，可以屏蔽大量的外部噪音，为人们创造一个安静的环境。feature作动词时意为“以……为特色”，符合句意，此处feature应用非谓语动词作状语，与主语these pods构成逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故选K。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些冥想室具有降噪材料，可以屏蔽大量的外部噪音，为人们创造一个安静的环境。a significant amount of表示“大量的”，符合句意。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：在容器内部，有一个圆形长椅，椅背环绕着LED灯。根据上下文可知，此处表示the pods“冥想仓”，containers表示“容器”，可指代前文“冥想仓”。故选I。
【20题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：当音乐响起时，灯光会随着节拍变化。in terms of为介词短语，意为“依据、按照”，符合句意。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：人类将获得更高的意识状态，不是通过外部的科学发展，而是通过内部的旅程。情态动词will后应接动词原形，access作动词时表示“使用、获得”，符合句意。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人类将获得更高的意识状态，不是通过外部的科学发展，而是通过内部的旅程。scientific表示“科学的”，scientific developments“科学发展”，符合句意。故选G。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司将与酒店、公司办公室、大学和零售商合作，促进人们静思冥想，以改善人类的表现、意识和福祉。partner with“与……合作”。will be doing为将来进行时，故此处应填partnering。故选J。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司将与酒店、公司办公室、大学和零售商合作，促进人们静思冥想，以改善人类的表现、意识和福祉。情态动词can后应接动词原形，improve表示“提高、改善”，符合句意。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：就像其他放松设施一样，这个冥想舱是一个有价值的能提高幸福感的补充。根据上下文可知，冥想仓也属于休闲放松的设施，facility表示“设施、设备”，符合句意,又any other后接名词单数。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The days of the camera-carrying tourist may be numbered. Insensitive travelers are being ordered to 41 pointing their cameras at local residents. Tour companies selling expensive trips to remote corners of the world have become increasingly annoyed at the 42 of visitors upsetting locals. Now one such operator plans to ban clients from taking any photographic equipment on holidays. Julian Matthews is the director of Discovery Initiatives, a company that is working hand-in-hand with other organizations to offer holidays combining high adventure with working on environmental projects.
Matthews says he is providing ‘holidays without 43 , insisting that Discovery Initiatives is not a tour operator but an environmental support company. Clients are referred to as ‘participants’. ‘We see ourselves as the next step on from Eco-tourism, which is merely a(n) 44 form of sensitive travel—ours is a more active approach.’
However, says Matthews, there is a price to pay. ‘I am planning to introduce tours with a total ban on cameras because of the damage they do to our relationships with 45 . I have seen some 46 things, such as a group of six tourists arriving at a remote village in the South American jungle, each with a video camera attached to their face. That sort of thing tears me up inside. Would you like somebody to come into your home and take a photo of you cooking A camera is like a weapon; it puts up a barrier and you lose all the 47 that comes through body language, which 48 means that the host communities are denied access to the so-called cross-cultural exchange.’
Matthews’ views reflect a growing 49 among some tour companies at the increasingly rude behaviour of wealthy tourists. Chris Parrott, of Journey Latin America, says: ‘We tell our clients that indigenous (土著的) people are often shy about being 50 , but we certainly don’t tell them not to take a camera. If they take pictures without asking, they may find themselves having tomatoes thrown at them.’
Crispin Jones, of Exodus, the overland truck specialist, says: ‘We don’t have a(n) 51 but, should cameras cause offence, our tour leaders will make it quite clear that they cannot be 52 . Clients tend to do what they are told.’
Earthwatch, which pioneered the 53 of active Eco-tourism by sending paying volunteers to work on scientific projects around the world, does not ban cameras, but operates strict rules on their use. Ed Wilson, the marketing director of the company, says: ‘Some people use the camera as a(n) 54 ; it allows them to distance themselves from the reality of what they see. I would like to see tourists 55 their cameras for once, rather than trying to record everything they see.’
41. A. consider B. stop C. practise D. mind
42. A. edge B. expense C. bottom D. sight
43. A. surprise B. limit C. doubt D. guilt
44. A. passive B. simple C. inexpensive D. innovative
45. A. guides B. locals C. tourists D. specialists
46. A. routine B. interesting C. terrible D. personal
47. A. protection B. passion C. communication D. dignity
48. A. effectively B. accidentally C. comparatively D. optimistically
49. A. unease B. feeling C. awareness D. despair
50. A. misunderstood B. witnessed C. sponsored D. photographed
51. A. experience B. policy C. market D. intention
52. A. offended B. used C. judged D. deserted
53. A. change B. benefit C. concept D. history
54. A. protector B. exchange C. tool D. barrier
55. A. turning up B. looking after C. putting away D. running out
41-55 BDDAB, CCAAD, BBCDC
41. 从第一句“游客带相机的日子可能屈指可数了”可看出这里应该是不让他们拍照。
42. 应该是对游客惹恼当地人的景象越来越恼火。
43. 后面提到是环保支持公司，生态旅游等，根据选项排除法，他提出的应该是“没有罪恶感的假期”。
44. 与后面的更积极对比，这里应该是消极。
45. 禁止使用相机和摄像机，因为它们会损害我们与当地人的关系，因为拍照主要是拍当地的人和物。
46. 根据后面的举例，这里应该是消极词汇，所以选C。
47. 根据前面的设置障碍，可知这里是失去交流机会。
48. effectively实际上。
49. 根据后面的例子我们可以看出一些旅游公司对富有游客日益傲慢的行为感到越来越不安。
50. 根据前文可看出这里是被拍照。
51. 现在没有不许拍照这种规定，所以policy最合适。
52. 表示不能用相机，所以选B。
53. 地球观察首创了积极生态旅游的概念。
54. 从后面的distance可看出选择障碍。
55. 从后面的rather than看出选择与record相反意思的词。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
William Shakespeare was the greatest writer in the English language and is known around the world. But how much do you really know about him
Shakespeare was born in Stratford upon Avon, located in central England, in 1564. At age 18, he married Anne Hathaway and they had three children. Then Shakespeare went to London to work as an actor and writer. In 1599，the Globe Theatre was built in London. It was in this theatre that some of Shakespeare's plays were first performed. In 1613. the theatre was destroyed by a fire. However. a modern reconstruction of the theatre was built near the original site in 1997, so even today you can go to the Globe Theatre to see one of Shakespeare's plays.
His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets and some other poems. He is best known for his plays. which have been translated into every major language and are performed more than those of any other playwright (剧作家) in the world. Shakespeare's works remain very popular. But why do we like these old plays Perhaps it is because they all contain fantastic stories. His characters suffer bloody battles, deaths by poison, and dramatic family battles. His plays are full of exciting storylines and lessons about morality.
Hamlet, for example, is about revenge (复仇) and also about how difficult it is to take action sometimes, even when it is important to do so. Hamlet's father is murdered by another man, who then marries Hamlet's mother, Everybody wants to see Hamlet dead. Hamlet must take revenge. but will he be able to The famous quote “To be or not to be, that is the question" comes from this play.
1. How is Paragraph 2 organized
A. In order of time. B. In order of location.
C. In order of importance. D. In order of preference.
2. Paragraph 3 mainly talks about Shakespeare's__________.
A. poems B. characters C. performances D. achievements
3. Modern people still like reading Shakespeare's works to_______.
A. enjoy good stories B. experience history C. admire heroes D. gain knowledge
4. What can be learned about Hamlet
A. He is in a dilemma. B. He hates his father.
C. He is afraid of death. D. He never takes action.
【答案】ADAA
【解析】这是一篇说明文。威廉·莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家，全世界都知道他。文章主要介绍了莎士比亚的生平事迹和成就，以及现代人喜欢看他的戏剧的原因。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段Shakespeare was born in Stratford upon Avon, located in central England, in 1564. At age 18, he married Anne Hathaway and they had three children. Then Shakespeare went to London to work as an actor and writer. In 1599，the Globe Theatre was built in London. It was in this theatre that some of Shakespeare's plays were first performed. In 1613. the theatre was destroyed by a fire. However, a modern reconstruction of the theatre was built near the original site in 1997, so even today you can go to the Globe Theatre to see one of Shakespeare's plays.可知1564年，莎士比亚出生在英格兰中部埃文河畔的Stratford。18岁时，他与Anne Hathaway结婚，育有3个孩子。后来，莎士比亚去伦敦当演员和作家。1599年，环球剧院在伦敦建成。莎士比亚的一些戏剧就是在这个剧院首次上演的。在1613年。剧院被一场大火烧毁了。但是1997年，这座剧院在原址附近进行了现代化的重建，所以即使在今天，你也可以去环球剧院观看莎士比亚的戏剧。由此可推知，第二段按时间顺序展开的。故选A。
【2题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets and some other poems. He is best known for his plays. which have been translated into every major language and are performed more than those of any other playwright (剧作家) in the world. Shakespeare's works remain very popular.可知他现存的作品包括38部戏剧，154首十四行诗和其他一些诗歌。他最出名的是他的戏剧。它被翻译成各种主要语言，比世界上任何其他剧作家的演出都要多。莎士比亚的作品仍然很受欢迎。由此可知，第三段主要讲莎士比亚的成就。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中But why do we like these old plays Perhaps it is because they all contain fantastic stories. His characters suffer bloody battles, deaths by poison, and dramatic family battles. His plays are full of exciting storylines and lessons about morality.可知但是我们为什么喜欢这些老戏剧呢？也许是因为它们都包含着奇异的故事。他笔下的人物经历了血腥的战斗，被毒药毒死，以及戏剧性的家庭争斗。他的戏剧充满了令人兴奋的故事情节和关于道德的课程。由此可知，现代人仍然喜欢读莎士比亚的作品，是为了欣赏其中精彩的故事。故选A。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Hamlet, for example, is about revenge (复仇) and also about how difficult it is to take action sometimes, even when it is important to do so. Hamlet's father is murdered by another man, who then marries Hamlet's mother, Everybody wants to see Hamlet dead. Hamlet must take revenge, but will he be able to The famous quote“To be or not to be, that is the question" comes from this play.可知例如，《哈姆雷特》讲述了复仇的故事，也讲述了有时采取行动是多么困难，即使这样做是很重要的。哈姆雷特的父亲被另一个人谋杀，然后这个人娶了哈姆雷特的母亲，每个人都想看到哈姆雷特死去。哈姆雷特必须复仇，但他能做到吗？“生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题”这句名言出自这部戏剧。由此可知，Hamlet在一个进退两难的境地里。故选A。
B
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5. TV VOICE PRO AIR is aimed at _____.
A. TV designers B. people with hearing difficulty
C. hearing specialists D. wearers of digital hearing aids
6. According to the advertisement, TV VOICE PRO AIR enables the wearer to _____.
A. enjoy TV even over 35 feet from his/her house B. improve his/her hearing ability in daily life
C. listen to TV clearly at whatever volume D. watch more TV programs
7. What can be learned about TV VOICE PRO AIR from the advertisement
A. You can get a refund within 30 days if dissatisfied with it.
B. You need to pay $50 for its shipping if you buy it in 2021.
C. You can get a discount as long as you use Gift Voucher Code.
D. You need to place a special order for it if you have severe hearing loss.
【答案】BCA
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一款名为TV VOICE PRO AIR的耳机，可以帮助有听力障碍的人听清电视节目中的讲话和对话。介绍了其产品特色和功能等情况。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“Speech enhancement technique based upon clinical hearing assessments of over 1,000 people with varying levels of hearing loss and proven TV listening difficulty(根据对超过1000名不同程度的听力损失者进行临床听力评估，并证明了电视听力的困难性，采用了语音增强技术)”以及“Simple volume control located on the earphones, with additional loud volume range to suit those with even severe hearing loss.(耳机里有简单的音量控制，以及额外大声的音量范围，以适应那些甚至听力严重受损的人)”可推知，TV VOICE PRO AIR针对的是有听力障碍的人。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Big and heavy TV headphones are now a thing of the past, thanks to Hearing Specialists who have developed new ultra-lightweight wireless TV earbuds, which enable the wearer to hear the speech and dialogue on any TV show with clarity. The unique speech clarification audio works for those with any level of hearing loss, and has been proven to outperform even the most advanced digital hearing aids for TV clarity.(现在又大又重的电视耳机已经成为过去，这要归功于听力专家们研发出了一种新型的超轻无线电视耳机，它能让佩戴者在任何电视节目中听到清晰的讲话和对话。独特的语音清晰度音频适用于任何程度的听力损失者，并已被证明甚至优于最先进的数字助听器的电视清晰度)”可知，广告中说，TV VOICE PRO AIR能让佩戴者在任何音量下都能清晰地收听电视。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE(30天退款保证)”可知，如果不满意TV VOICE PRO AIR产品，30天内可以退款。故选A。
C
One study was done by researchers at California Polytechnic State University. A research team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the state of Colorado, U. S. A biology graduate student, Danielle Ferraro, led the study. Ferraro says that there could be an evolutionary(进化的) reason why we like birdsong. There could be many other reasons, too. Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather. Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.
She explained her study to VOA. Ferraro and her team played recorded songs from a diverse group of birds native to the area. They did this on hiking trails in a park in Boulder, Colorado.
Over several weeks, the researchers played recorded birdsong at certain time of the day and other time they did not. Then they talked with hikers after they passed by. Hikers who heard the recorded diverse birdsong reported a greater sense of well-being than those who heard simply the natural birds. The research suggests that both the bird sounds and biodiversity(生物多样性) can increase feelings of well-being.
Ferraro explained that she used native birdsong for the study. This way it would sound as natural as possible. They also did the study during the summer. “The study took place in the summer and that's kind of important because the spring is most birds’ breeding season. And if we played the birdsong during breeding season, you know, it would be terrible. ”
Scientists in Germany also examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. They found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.
“I recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of, you know, pretty ornamental (装饰性的) plants in our cities. So, I think it's important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity. ” Joel Methorst, the study's lead author said.
8. What can we learn from the study led by Danielle Ferraro about birdsong
A. It can make us humans happy. B. It means a healthy environment.
C. It signals the arrival of danger. D. It tells us the evolution of birds.
9. Why was the study conducted in the summer according to Ferraro
A. To get more exact data. B. To please the hikers.
C. To reduce disturbance to birds’ breeding. D. To have more birds involved in the study.
10. Why were scientists in Germany mentioned in the text
A. To introduce a new topic for discussion. B. To support the recent finding further.
C. To add some background information. D. To summarize the previous paragraphs.
11. What can be advised to increase bird diversity from Joel Methorst
A. Introducing more foreign birds. B. Expanding the habitat of birds.
C. Planting more trees in the cities. D. Having more native species.
【答案】ACBD
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,，调查研究表明鸟儿的歌唱能改善人的情绪，让人高兴。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段A research team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the state of Colorado, U. S. 并结合第三段The research suggests that both the bird sounds and biodiversity(生物多样性) can increase feelings of well-being. 可知，调查研究发现鸟儿的歌唱能改善人的情绪，让人高兴。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The study took place in the summer and that's kind of important because the spring is most birds’ breeding season. And if we played the birdsong during breeding season, you know, it would be terrible. ”可知，春天是鸟儿的繁殖季节，所以这个调查选择在夏天，是为了减少对鸟儿繁殖的干扰。
10. 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段The research suggests that both the bird sounds and biodiversity(生物多样性) can increase feelings of well-being. 再结合倒数第二段Scientists in Germany also examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. 可知，提及德国科学家的研究发现的目的在于进一步支持第一个研究的结论。
11 . 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。结合最后一段So, I think it's important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity. 可知，Joel Methorst 的观点是有更多的当地物种可以有效地增加鸟儿的种类。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Can I train myself to need less sleep
As an experiment for his high-school science fair in 1964, a 17-year-old San Diego boy named Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours. That is 11 days. The project attracted the attention of the Stanford sleep researchers William Dement. Dement and other researchers took turns watching and assessing the young man's consciousness. ____55____ Nor did he seem to suffer any permanent setbacks. Dement said that on day 10, Gardner even beat him at pinball.
I asked David Dinges, the chief of the division of sleep at the University of Pennsylvania, how many people could do anything close to that without dying. He replied that "when animals are sleep- deprived constantly, they will suffer serious biological consequences. Death is one of those consequences”.
That said, cases like Gardner's--- of people who suffered great sleep deprivation without major setbacks--are well documented. ____56____ Dinges said that "we probably do have people among us—and not necessarily 1 percent; there may be many more than that—who can actually tolerate sleep loss better than others." This proposition has been borne out in studies of participants in transoceanic sailing races, which did not afford them the luxury of long blocks of sleep. ____57____
The concept of sleeping in short bursts has spread since those races began, in the 1960s. Today, a small global community of people practices "polyphasic sleeping”，based on the idea that by dividing your sleep into short bursts, you can get away with less of it.
____58____ And he notes that even for the 1 percent (or so) who can survive on less sleep and function well cognitively, we still don't know how the practice might be affecting metabolism, mood, and many other factors. “ You may be cheerful, but not cognitively fit. Or you may be cognitively fit, but hard to be around because you’re pushy or hyperactive.
A. The winners tended to be the people who slept the least, often in multiple short bursts.
B. The crucial finding was that throughout their time in the study, researchers thought they were functioning perfectly well.
C. A small number of people, sometimes called "short sleepers” and commonly thought to make up perhaps 1 percent of the population, seem to survive on only four or five hours a night.
D. But when the doctor put patients in a lab to make certain they stayed awake, performance suffered.
E. Though it is possible to train oneself to sleep in short bursts instead of a single nightly block, Dinges says it does not seem possible to train oneself to need less sleep per 24-hour cycle.
F. By all accounts, he took no stimulant medications.
【答案】55. F 56. C 57. A 58. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对一些人只需要很少睡眠但可以保持良好的认知功能的现象进行了介绍，并对人们是否能训练自己需要较少睡眠介绍了了专家的观点。
【55题详解】
根据后文“Nor did he seem to suffer any permanent setbacks.”(他似乎也没有遭受任何永久的挫折。)可知，此处是指研究人员发现他没有经历过什么刺激和挫折，根据nor可知，空格处也是讲他没有经历过什么，所以选项F“大家都说，他没有服用兴奋剂。”切合文意。故选F。
【56题详解】
根据前文“That said, cases like Gardner's--- of people who suffered great sleep deprivation without major setbacks--are well documented.”(也就是说，像加德纳这样的案例——遭受了严重的睡眠不足，却没有遭遇重大挫折的人们——有很好的记载。)可知，此处是讲睡眠时间非常少的人，根据后文 “we probably do have people among us—and not necessarily 1 percent”(我们中间可能确实有人——不一定达到1%)可知，空格处讲睡眠时间非常少的人可能占小于1%的比例。所以选项C“一小部分人，有时被称为‘短睡眠者 ’，通常被认为约占人口的1%，似乎每晚只睡四五个小时。 ”切合文意。故选C。
【57题详解】
根据前文“there may be many more than that—who can actually tolerate sleep loss better than others”(可能有更多的人比其他人更能忍受睡眠不足)和“This proposition has been borne out in studies of participants in transoceanic sailing races, which did not afford them the luxury of long blocks of sleep.”(这一观点在对远洋航海比赛参与者的研究中得到了证实，这个比赛中他们不能享受长时间睡眠的奢侈。)可知，在这种比赛中需要睡眠越少的人越有优势，所以选项A“赢家往往是那些睡眠最少的人，而且往往是多次短暂睡眠。 ”切合文意。故选A。
【58题详解】
根据后文“And he notes that even for the 1 percent (or so) who can survive on less sleep and function well cognitively, we still don't know how the practice might be affecting metabolism, mood, and many other factors. ”(他还指出，即使是1%左右的人，他们可以在较少的睡眠和良好的认知功能下生存，我们仍然不知道这种做法可能如何影响新陈代谢、情绪和许多其他因素。)可知，空格处应出现一个人名，并表明对较少睡眠的观点，根据前文“Today, a small global community of people practices “polyphasic sleeping”，based on the idea that by dividing your sleep into short bursts, you can get away with less of it.”(今天，一个全球小社区的人在实践“多相睡眠”，基于这样的想法，通过将你的睡眠分为短时间的爆发，你可以获得更少的睡眠。)可知，空格处应是对短时间睡眠的训练的观点，所以选项E “丁格斯说，尽管训练自己在短时间内入睡而不是在夜间的一个时间段内入睡是可能的，但似乎不可能训练自己在每24小时周期内需要更少的睡眠。”切合文意。故选E。
第II卷
Translation
1. 为了挣足够的钱养家，他努力地工作。(earn)
2. 经常性的锻炼能使我们拥有高质量的生活。(ensure)
3.你现在方便过来吗？你的同事刚才一个小时一直在试图练习你。(convenient)
4. 在她的推荐下，我报了这个培训机构新推出得到课程， 这正好解决了我时间不多的问题。（which）
【参考答案】
1.To earn enough money to support his family, he works very hard.
2.Regular exercise can ensure us a high quality of life.
3.Would it be convenient for you to come Your colleague has been attempting to contact you for the last hour.
4.I enrolled in the course, the educational institute just introduced on her recommendation, which could be a
solution to my lack of time.
VI、Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是高中生李华，你所在的班级将要举办一次主题为“What Can We Do for Our Community ”的英语演讲比赛。 请写一篇英语演讲稿，要求从以下四方面中任选几个方面进行阐述。
1. 关心、帮助他人; 2. 保护、美化环境; 3. 受护社区设施; 4. 营造良好的人居氛围。
注意：
1. 不要出现学校校名和本人真实姓名，
2. 词数：120左右;
3. 开头和结尾已经写好，且不记入词数。
What Can We Do for Our Community
Hello, everyone. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for our community, and I think each of us can do something.
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Thank you for listening!
One possible version：
What Can We Do for Our Community
Hello, everyone. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for our community, and I think each of us can do something.
The first thing we can do is to make our community a more harmonious one. Every one of us should show respect and kindness to others, always ready to give a helping hand. We can also form a good habit of putting the rubbish in the trashcan. The second thing we can do is to protect the facilities in our community. When we woke out, we should never forget to use the gym equipment correctly and gently. We should also cherish every tree and every blade of grass in the community while taking a walk.
If everyone does one thing for our community, I believe we will turn it into a better place to live in.
Thank you for listening!