Unit 2 Animals单元素养评估测试卷（上外版必修二）
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Unit 2 Animals
单元素养评估测试卷
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
As entrepreneurs（创业者）, we had a vision, we realized it, and now we ___1___(run) our own companies. But the dream can damage our “work-life balance.”
When the success of the company rests on your shoulders, you’ve always got an excuse to put ___2___else on hold.
What I’ve learned ___3___ (face) the demands of start-up company and a young family over the past couple of decades is that sometimes the best way to solve the work-life balance problem is to think small. Make a handful of lifestyle corrections ___4___, individually, may not sound all that exciting, but taken together can prevent you from getting too tried.
Here’s my list of life hacks that will help prevent exhaustion:
Work from home one day a week.
Few thing give you a more grounded, in-control feeling than getting things done in your own space and at your own pace. Instead of leaving the office ___5___ (clear) my head over a Starbucks coffee, I can fold the laundry, and cut back on evening housework.
Not to mention, working in pajamas is one of life’s ___6___ (underestimate) pleasures.
Pencil in time for exercise
I really bothered me ___7___with the demands of company and family, my tennis game was going down the drain. That may sound unimportant, but it wasn’t to me,___8___ it was a meaningful part of my life outside of work. To get some balance back in my life, I rearranged my schedule. Two mornings a week, I woke up an hour____9____(early) to work out with a tennis coach. If sports aren’t your thing, try yoga or that hobby that you always loved but let go of after starting your business.
Learn something new, outside the office
It can draining to always be the person who’s supposed to have the answers as a business leader. It’s surprisingly liberating to be on the other side,_____10_____ (absorb) knowledge without the pressure to perform or to always be right.
【答案】1. are running 2. everything 3. facing 4. that 5. to clear 6. underestimated
7. that 8. because 9. earlier 10. absorbing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些有助于防止疲劳的生活小妙招。
【1题详解】
考查现在进行时态。句意：作为企业家，我们有一个愿景，我们实现了它，现在我们经营我们自己的公司。根据now可知此处用现在进行时态，句子主语是We，故填are running。
【2题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：当公司的成功取决于你的时候，你总是有借口把其他的事情都放在一边。此处指其他的“每件事情”。故填everything。
【3题详解】
考查动名词作主语。句意：在过去的几十年里，面对初创公司和年轻家庭的需求，我学到的是，有时候解决工作和生活平衡问题的最好办法就是从小事做起。动词learn后面的宾语从句缺少主语，此处是动名词作主语，故填facing。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：做一些生活方式的改变，单独来说，可能听起来并不那么令人兴奋，但是综合起来可以防止你变得太累。此处corrections是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故填that。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：我不用离开办公室去喝一杯星巴克咖啡，我可以叠衣服，减少晚上的家务。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填to clear。
【6题详解】
考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：更不用说，穿着睡衣工作是生活中被低估的乐趣之一。此处underestimate和pleasures之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作前置定语，故填underestimated。
【7题详解】
考查that引导的宾语从句。句意：由于公司和家庭的需要，我的网球比赛全泡汤了，这真让我心烦。此处是that引导的宾语从句。故填that。
【8题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：这听起来可能不重要，但并不是对我来说，因为这是我工作之外的生活中有意义的一部分。此处是because引导的原因状语从句。故填because。
【9题详解】
考查比较级。句意：每周有两个早晨，我都会提前一个小时起床，和一位网球教练一起锻炼。固定用法：an hour earlier提前一个小时。此处用副词的比较级，故填earlier。
【10题详解】
考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：被解放出来站在另一边，在没有表现或总是正确的压力下吸收知识，这是令人惊讶的。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故填absorbing。
Section B
A. classify B. contains C. detailed D. maintains E. multiply F. necessarily G. passive H. relatively I. subject J. total K. unusual
Can a precise word total ever be known No, says Professor David Crystal, known chiefly for his research in English language studies and author of around 100 books on the ____11____. “It’s like asking how many stars there are in the sky. It’s impossible to answer,” he said.
An easier question to answer, he ____12____, is the size of the average person’s vocabulary. He suggests taking a sample of about 20 or 30 pages from a medium-sized dictionary, which ____13____ about 100,000 entries or 1,000 or 1,500 pages.
Tick off the ones you know and count them. Then ____14____ that by the number of pages and you will discover how many words you know. Most people vastly underestimate their ____15____.
“Most people know half the words-about 50,000-easily. A reasonably educated person about 75,000 and a really cool, smart person well, maybe all of them but that is rather ____16____. An ordinary person, one who has not been to university say, would know about 35,000 quite easily.”
The formula can be used to calculate the number of words a person uses, but a person’s active language will always be less than their ____17____, the difference being about a third.
Prof Crystal says exposure to reading will obviously expand a person’s vocabulary but the level of a person’s education does not ____18____ decide things. “A person with a poor education perhaps may not be able to read or read much, but they will know words and may have a very ____19____ vocabulary about pop songs or motorbikes. I’ve met children that you could ______20______ as having a poor education and they knew hundreds of words about skateboards that you won’t find in a dictionary.”
【答案】11. I 12. D 13. B 14. E 15. J 16. K 17. G 18. F 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了如何估算一个人的词汇量以及词汇量与教育的关系。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：不，大卫·克里斯特尔教授说。他主要以英语语言研究而闻名，写了大约100本这方面的书。根据空格前冠词the可知应填入名词。选项中唯一名词subject构成介词短语on the subject作后置定语修饰books，符合句意。故选I项。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：他坚持认为，一个更容易回答的问题是普通人的词汇量。分析句子结构可知空格处为谓语动词且应用第三人称单数形式。根据句意可知这里是“他认为”，maintain作动词表示“坚持说；坚持认为”，符合句意。故选D项。
【13题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：他建议从一本包含大约10万个条目或1000到1500页的中等大小的词典中选取大约20或30页的样本。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句中谓语动词，又因关系代词which指代先行词a medium-sized dictionary，在从句中作主语，所以谓语动词应该使用第三人人称单数形式。contain表示“包含”，用第三人称单数形式contains，符合句意。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：然后再乘以页数，你就会发现你知道多少单词了。分析句子结构可知本句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式。and前面分句为祈使句，用动词原形开头。根据空格后“that by the number of pages and you will discover how many words you know”可知这里是一种计算单词数量的方法。multiply表示“乘”，为动词原形且是一种计算方法，符合句意。故选E项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：大多数人大大低估了他们的总词汇量。根据空格前形容词性物主代词可知应填入名词。根据上文“you will discover how many words you know.”可知这里是说“低估了他们的总词汇量”。total作名词，表示“总数”，符合句意。故选J项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一个受过良好教育的人大约认识75000，一个很酷，很聪明的人也许认识全部，但这是很不寻常的。根据空格前连系动词可知应填入形容词作表语。unusual“不同寻常的”是形容词，符合句意。故选K项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但一个人的主动语言总是比被动语言少，差异约为三分之一。根据句中be less than可知句中存在比较关系，把a person’s active language（个人的主动语言）与their ____7____进行比较。passive“被动的”与前文active形成对比，符合句意。故选G项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：克里斯特尔教授说，接触阅读显然能扩大一个人的词汇量，但一个人的受教育程度并不能决定一切。分析句子成分可知这里应填入副词修饰动词decide，根据上文but可知这里是对教育水平影响单词量的否定。necessarily“必然地”副词修饰decide,符合句意。故选F项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一个受教育程度低的人可能不能读或者读很多，但是他们知道单词，也可能掌握关于流行歌曲或摩托车的复杂的词汇。分析句子成分可知这里应填入形容词修饰名词vocabulary,再根据下文“they knew hundreds of words about skateboards that you won’t find in a dictionary”可知没受什么教育的人可能会掌握很多词典上没有的词汇。detailed“复杂的”作定语修饰vocabulary，符合句意。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：我遇到过一些你可以归类为没有受过良好教育的孩子，他们知道上百个关于滑板的单词，你在字典里找不到。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句中谓语动词，又因空格前有情态动词，所以谓语动词应该使用原形。动词原形classify与其后介词as构成短语 classify...as...(把……归类为……)，符合句意。故选A项。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Color Can greatly Affect Human Emotion and Behavior
There’s been a lot written about color psychology but what we do know is that color can greatly affect human emotion and behavior. A lot of us already know that colors can suggest a mood or attitude, but do you know that color is a____41____that can persuade us to buy things According to some research, color can be up to 85 percent of the reason why we____42____to purchase something. Smart marketers know: Color____43____!
Yes you know, right colors make products better. Colors____44____how we feel about the food we eat. ____45____, orange juice with enhanced orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter.
In the case of____46____, color also plays a role. Have you ever noticed that pink is often used as the color of face creams That’s for a good reason. In a research study, some women were given pink and white face creams, which were____47____except for their color. One hundred percent of the women said that the pink face creams were more effective and milder on sensitive skin.
____48____, “more colorful, more personalized” is also accepted by most producers. It’s true that we need not only good quality products, but personalized ones. This urges manufacturers to make their products more and more “colorful”.
Take M&M’s Milk Chocolate Candies for example. Having a packet of M&M’s candies in____49____, choosing which one to eat first according to the colors-- many of us probably have had such experience. A variety of colors is the_____50_____of the classic candies. Now they have come with even more custom colors that will be sure to “_____51_____in your mouth, not in your hand!” Gold, silver, pink and many other colors are available to choose from. Eating such candies must be_____52_____“sweet” experience.
Another successful color marketing example is Apple’s iPhone. Does Apple have_____53_____communication technology Maybe, but that’s not the point, marketing experts say. What makes the iPhone so_____54_____is “the system that makes it easy for people to express themselves through color choices.” The newest model of iPhone features several colors- pink, red, blue, green, and so on. Color, as a personal statement, adds a touch of_____55_____to the smartphone.
41. A. sign B. therapy C. tool D. secret
42. A. decide B. struggle C. refuse D. seek
43. A. advertises B. sells C. claims D. screams
44. A. reflect B. recall C. influence D. stimulate
45. A. For example B. By contrast C. In the meantime D. What’s more
46. A. fashion B. cosmetics C. skin D. psychology
47. A. ideal B. smooth C. identical D. practical
48. A. Additionally B. However C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
49. A. mind B. mouth C. hand D. pocket
50. A. signature B. taste C. code D. signal
51 A. swallow B. digest C. chew D. melt
52. A. commonly B. particularly C. normally D. regularly
53. A. limited B. superior C. positive D. supportive
54. A. diverse B. entertaining C. precious D. appealing
55. A. humanity B. popularity C. individuality D. activity
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了颜色可以极大地影响人类的情绪和行为，可以作为说服我们去买东西的工具，并通过食物、化妆品、糖果、苹果手机举例说明。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很多人都知道颜色可以暗示一种情绪或态度，但你知道颜色是说服我们去买东西的工具吗？A. sign迹象，符号；B. therapy治疗；C. tool工具；D. secret秘密。根据“that can persuade us to buy things”可知颜色可以作为说服我们去买东西的工具。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据一些研究显示，颜色可能占我们决定购买某样东西的85%。A. decide决定；B. struggle挣扎，斗争；C. refuse拒绝；D. seek寻求。根据上文“color can be up to 85 percent of the reason”可知颜色可能占我们决定购买某样东西的85%。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：聪明的营销人员都知道：是颜色在卖东西!A. advertises通知，广告；B. sells卖；C. claims宣称，认领；D. screams尖叫。根据上文“color can be up to 85 percent of the reason why we 2 to purchase something”和下文“Yes, you know, right colors make products better. ”可知是颜色在卖东西。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：颜色影响我们对所吃食物的感觉。A. reflect反映，显示；B. recall回想起，召回；C. influence影响；D. stimulate刺激。根据下文“ orange juice with enhanced orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter”可知颜色影响我们对所吃食物的感觉。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，与天然橙汁相比，橙汁的橙色更受欢迎，人们认为它更甜。A. For example举例；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In the meantime与此同时；D. What’s more此外。根据“ orange juice with enhanced orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter”可知此处是列举了一个例子。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在化妆品中，颜色也起到了作用。A. fashion时尚；B. cosmetics化妆品；C. skin皮肤；D. psychology心理学，心理状态。根据下文“Have you ever noticed that pink is often used as the color of face creams ”可知颜色在化妆品中也起到了作用。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，研究人员给一些女性使用粉色和白色的面霜，除了颜色不同之外，这两种面霜完全相同。A. ideal理想的，完美的；B. smooth顺利的，光滑的；C. identical同一的；D. practical实际的。根据“except for their color”可知除了颜色不同之外，这两种面霜完全相同。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，“更丰富多彩，更个性化”也为大多数制作人所接受。A. Additionally此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据“is also accepted by most producers”可知此处是表示补充说明的关系。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：手里拿着一包M&M豆，根据颜色选择先吃哪个——我们很多人可能都有过这样的经历。A. mind理智，意见；B. mouth嘴巴；C. hand手；D. pocket口袋。根据下文“choosing which one to eat first according to the colors”可知是手里拿着一包M&M豆。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：各种颜色是经典糖果的特征。A. signature签名，明显特征；B. taste味道，品味；C. code代码，编码；D. signal导火线，暗号。根据下文“Now they have come with even more custom colors”可知各种颜色是经典糖果的特征，此处signature表示特征。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在他们推出了更多定制的颜色，这些颜色一定会“融化在你的嘴里，而不是在你的手中!”A. swallow吞没，忍受；B. digest消化，吸收；C. chew咀嚼；D. melt熔化，溶解。根据“in your mouth, not in your hand”可知是融化在嘴里。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：吃这样的糖果一定是特别“甜”的体验。A. commonly一般地，通常地；B. particularly特别是；C. normally正常地，通常地；D. regularly有规律地。根据上文“Gold, silver, pink and many other colors are available to choose from. ”可知吃这样的糖果一定是特别“甜”的体验。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：苹果有更先进的通讯技术吗？A. limited有限的；B. superior上级的，优秀的；C. positive积极的；D. supportive支持的。根据上文“Another successful color marketing example is Apple’s iPhone. ”可知此处表示是否是由于苹果有更先进的通讯技术。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：iPhone之所以如此吸引人，是因为“这个系统让人们可以很容易地通过颜色选择来表达自己。”A. diverse不同的，多样的；B. entertaining令人愉快的；C. precious宝贵的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据“is “the system that makes it easy for people to express themselves through color choices.” ”可知是讲述iPhone之所以如此吸引人的原因。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：颜色，作为一种个人表现，为智能手机增添了一抹个性。A. humanity人道；B. popularity普及，流行；C. individuality个人特征，个性；D. activity活动。根据上文“Color, as a personal statement”可知，颜色，作为一种个人表现，为智能手机增添了一抹个性。故选C。
Section B
(A)
There is no need to head to the movie theater or download the video game app: Angry Birds can be found right in your backyard this summer—if you live in the suburb(市郊). Virginia Tech researchers recently find that birds that live in suburban areas exhibit significantly higher levels of anger than those living in country. The results were recently published in Biology Letters.
“A possible reason for this is that these birds have less space but better resources to defend,” said Scott Davies, an expert at biological sciences in the College of Science. “Living near humans provides better food and shelter, but it also means more competition for these limited resources.”
The Virginia Tech and Radford University campuses served as the suburban sites due to their levels of human impact. Rural(乡村的) sites included Kentland Farm and Heritage Park. In these settings, the researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow(歌雀) and observed how the birds responded to a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor.
Campus birds showed a higher level of aggression: they approached and remained near the speaker, beat their wings wildly, engaged in loud singing and then began to produce ‘soft song’—a term that researchers use to describe the quiet noise that a bird makes, which indicates an attack is to be launched soon.
Though rural birds still responded to a song intrusion, they did not respond as vigorously.
The researchers placed small leg bands on the birds to identify individuals, and recorded each individual’s responses twice, several weeks apart. The suburban birds reacted more fiercely on both occasions, showing that their increased aggression persists throughout a breeding season.
5．The study by Virginia Tech researchers suggests that ________.
A．there are more angry birds in suburban areas than in rural areas
B．angry birds prefer to live in suburban areas instead of in country
C．birds living in suburban areas tend to show a higher level of anger
D．birds in rural areas prefer to live near humans for food and shelter
6．The researchers measured the level of different birds’ aggression by ________.
A．recording the reactions of song sparrows to their neighbors’ intrusion
B．placing small leg bands on the birds to identify different individuals
C．observing the birds’ responses to a recording of male song sparrows
D．approaching the birds in order to listen to their soft and quiet songs
7．The underlined word “vigorously” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．mildly B．violently
C．helplessly D．gently
8．The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．argue and persuade B．compare and assess
C．discuss and examine D．inform and explain
【答案】5．C6．C7．B8．D
【解析】弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究人员发现，居住在郊区的鸟儿们的愤怒程度要比住在乡村的鸟儿高得多。或许，你用不着买票去电影院观看，《愤怒的小鸟》正在你家后院上演呢。
5．C细节理解题。第一段Virginia Tech researchers recently find that birds that live in suburban areas exhibit significantly higher levels of anger than those living in country.表明，住在郊区的鸟儿往往会表现出更高程度的愤怒。故选C。
6．C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句In these settings, the researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow(歌雀) and observed how the birds responded to a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor.可知，研究人员通过观察鸟儿对雄性麻雀的叫声的反应测量不同鸟类的攻击性程度。故选C。
7．B 猜测词义题。根据与市郊小鸟对叫声反应的攻击性的对比，住在乡下的小鸟的反应不是那么激烈（violently）。故选B。
8．D 写作意图题。本文在首段阐明观点，然后通过实验例证分析。故选D。
(B)
In addition to being open to opposite opinions, here are some techniques that could help broaden the way you think.
Respect Difference
The mere presence of individuals from different backgrounds with different points of view in your everyday life creates an atmosphere in which people can better respond to change.
Change Environments
A change in your everyday life may provide the force needed to change the direction of your thinking. For some people, small changes might help reorganize your desk or take a new route to work, whereas for others, more adjustments are required.
Shirt into Positivity
Unlike negative emotions that bring about specific reactions, positive emotions prompt us to broaden our attention, explore our environment, and open ourselves to absorbing information. Take a few moments to think about the things in your life that are going well and for which you are grateful; this will automatically brighten your mood-and free your brain.
Look as if You’ve Never Seen
A Zen Buddhist concept for approaching even routine situations as if you were encountering them for the first time, “beginner’s mind” allows you to remain open to new experiences despite any expertise you may have. For instance, when you brush your teeth, take a moment to look at the toothbrush as if you’ve never laid eyes on such an object and notice its color and shape. Think about the flavor of the toothpaste and notice how your mouth feels as you move the brush back and forth.
1. What may be the benefit of small changes in life
A. Reducing one’s workload. B. Focusing one’s attention.
C. Leading to adjustments. D. Better responding to changes.
2. How can you find something new in routine situation
A. By shifting into positivity B. By respecting difference.
C. By changing environments. D. By looking as if you’ve never seen.
3. What’s the purpose of the article
A. To introduce skills of broadening one’s thinking.
B. To compare the attitudes to thinking.
C. To give advice on thinking positively.
D. To explain the reasons for being open.
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了可以帮助你拓宽思维方式的技巧。
1.C
【解析】细节理解题。文本第三段 “small changes might help reorganize your desk or take a new route to work, whereas for others, more adjustments are required.” 可知人生中小变化益处是可以使我们得到调整。故答案为C。
2.D
【解析】细节理解题。文本第五段 “A Zen Buddhist concept for approaching even routine situations as if you were encountering them for the first time, ‘beginner’s mind’ allows you to remain open to new experiences despite any expertise you may have”可知，通过以看起来好像从未见过的样子对待事物，能使我们在日常生活中找到新的东西。故答案为D。
3.A
【解析】推理判断题。通过理解文章第一段“In addition to being open to opposite opinions, here are some techniques that could help broaden the way you think.”可以了解到文章写作意图为指导读者如何开拓思维，同时各段落的副标题为各种具体的方式，故文章主旨为提多方面建议，故答案为A。
(C)
In 1985, scientists reported a change in the atmosphere, a hole or thinning of ozone （臭氧） over Antarctica. Scientists were not sure what was causing.
Most scientists believe that man-made chemicals are destroying the ozone. They also have found signs of ozone loss in other parts of the atmosphere.
Ozone is found both in the air we breathe and in the upper atmosphere. Near the earth, ozone in the air is a danger to life. It is a waste product. But ozone found 10 to 50 kilometres up in the atmosphere protects life on earth. Ozone forms in the atmosphere through the action of solar radiation （太阳辐射）. Once formed, the ozone blocks harmful radiation from reaching the earth. Scientists say a reduction in ozone and an increase in the harmful radiation will cause many more cases of skin cancer and will harm crops, animals and fishes.
The report said it is about 8 degrees colder 15 kilometres above earth than it was in 1979. Scientists think the first loss of ozone reduces the amount of solar energy the atmosphere can take in. This cools the atmosphere, increases ice cloud production and leads to more ozone loss.
Scientists found signs the ozone problem has spread. The study shows that the loss of ozone over the areas with larger population in North America and Europe was at least three times greater than scientists had thought. The ozone levels reduced much more seriously during winter months than in warmer months. This is not surprising because the amount of ozone in the atmosphere changes with the temperature.
An international effort is being made to stop the loss of ozone in the atmosphere. But many experts fear that the effort will not produce results fast enough to prevent harm to life on the earth.
5. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. a change in atmosphere
B. the solar radiation
C. the ozone problem
D. a hole in Antarctica
6. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Ozone in the atmosphere is a danger to life.
B. Since ozone in the air is harmful to life, the less ozone in the atmosphere the better.
C. Ozone is a kind of man-made chemical product.
D. The ozone up above us can stop harmful radiation from getting to the earth.
7. From the passage we learn that ______.
A. the scientists have done a great deal to stop the earth getting warm
B. the temperature in 1979 was much colder than it is now
C. ozone holds solar energy and helps atmosphere take it in
D. successful efforts have been made to stop the loss of the ozone
8. This passage mainly wants to ______.
A. draw people’s interest in atmosphere
B. call the public attention to ozone problem
C. help people to know the change in air
D. tell people some information about atmosphere
5.C。全文叙述了在南极洲以及北美等的上空臭氧的数量在减少，如果长期这样下去，太阳中的有害物质 就会危害地球上的生物。
6.D。根据第三段中“Once formed, the ozone blocks harmful radiation from reaching the earth.”可知。
7. C。根据第四段中“Scientists think the first loss of ozone reduces the amount of solar....”可知。
8. B。作者首先讲了大气层中的臭氧层遭到了破坏，接着讲了臭氧层对地球上生物的重要性，
目的是唤醒人们的环保意识。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Dining in China: Culture Shock
Before coming to China, I thought of Chinese food as General Tso’s chicken, egg rolls, and fortune cookies. ____67____ In my first few weeks here, the group I was working with went out to dozens of group dinners. We were introduced to the Chinese way of dining out, and there was quite a bit of culture shock involved.
For one, the community style of dining was new to me. In America, I was used to sharing an appetizer with someone sometimes and then everyone ordering their own main course. In China, many dishes are ordered and placed on a lazy Susan. The table is spun around and you grab what you like. And we’re not just talking a starter, a main, and dessert here; a Chinese dinner is a marathon of food. ____68____ of course, there are always some staple foods around-rice, dumplings, or noodles. Soup comes last in a Chinese dinner instead of first, and dessert usually consists of a massive fruit plate.
Using chopsticks was also new to me and took quite some time to get used to. It was always embarrassing at first when I couldn’t grab something tasty from the moving table and had to wait until the next time around. After years of practice, I can now confidently snatch a peanut as it’s flying by me on a lazy Susan-practice really does make perfect! In the first few months, I was laughed at so many times by Chinese people while they watched me struggle with chopsticks. That probably explains why one of my favorite things to do while dining out in many Western restaurants in town is watching young, trendy Chinese people struggle with their forks and knives.
I had eaten chow mein before, as well as egg fried rice and Kung Pao chicken, but there were plenty of Chinese dishes that gave me culture shock in my first few months here. ____69____ While Americans basically only eat chicken breasts, wings, and thighs, Chinese will also dig into the liver, heart and especially the feet. There’s an old Chinese belief that eating an animal organ will benefit your corresponding organ-eating a heart is good for your heart, and eating a brain will make you smart. You can figure out the rest yourself.
Despite all of this food-related culture shock, I can honestly say that one of the best things about living here is the food and dining out. Chinese cuisine is so complex and varied that you could spend an entire lifetime here and not taste it all. ____70____ To be honest, now when I go home to visit I actually end up missing Chinese food more. Sometimes, culture shock is a good thing!
A. People often ask me about what food I miss the most from back home.
B. I understand that Chinese food is closely related to the Chinese way of life.
C. After arriving here, I quickly found out that not a single one of those things is served in China.
D. For example, Chinese people enjoy eating just about any part of an animal.
E. When Chinese people place an order, they are expecting a series of courses.
F. Usually it starts out with some cold dishes, and then moves into a wide variety of main courses.
【答案】67. C 68. F 69. D 70. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，讲述了作者体验到中国与西方美食文化的差异和感受到它来带的文化冲，并表达了他对中国美食的喜爱之情。
【67题详解】
根据上文“Before coming to China…”（来中国之前……）和下文“In my first few weeks here…”（我刚来的几周……）可知我来到了中国。C项“After arriving here, I quickly found out that not a single one of those things is served in China.”（到了这里后，我很快发现这些东西在中国都没有。）中arriving here与下文here相照应，承上启下。故选C项。
【68题详解】
上文“a Chinese dinner is a marathon of food.”（中餐菜品丰富，用餐就像马拉松。）提到中国菜的丰富。F项“Usually it starts out with some cold dishes, and then moves into a wide variety of main courses.”（通常一开始是一些凉菜，然后是各种各样的主菜。）中it指代上文a Chinese dinner，且a wide variety of main courses正是对a marathon of food的照应。故选F项。
【69题详解】
设空处上文“but there were plenty of Chinese dishes that gave me culture shock”（但有很多中国菜让我感受到文化冲击……）提到中国菜让我感到吃惊。D项“For example, Chinese people enjoy eating just about any part of an animal.”（例如，中国人喜欢吃动物的任何部位。）对culture shock进行具体举例，且与下文“While Americans basically only eat chicken breasts, wings, and thighs, Chinese will also dig into the liver, heart and especially the feet.”(美国人基本上只吃鸡胸、鸡翅和鸡腿，而中国人也会吃鸡肝、鸡心，尤其是鸡脚。)是对D项的进一步解释说明。故选D项。
【70题详解】
A项“People often ask me about what food I miss the most from back home.”（人们经常问我回国后最想念什么食物。）中ask me about what food I miss与下文“To be honest, now when I go home to visit I actually end up missing Chinese food more.”（说实话，现在当我回国的时候，我实际上更想念中国菜了。）中I actually end up missing Chinese food more一问一答，相互呼应。故选A项。
第II卷
Writing
Section A
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
78. 对于学生在校是否可以使用手机的看法因人而异。（vary）
79. 精准的定位系统的发明和应用对人们的现代生活产生了巨大影响。(difference)
80. 看来这一次他不能对记者提出的问题避而不答了。(appear)
81. 据报告世界上许多物种快要灭绝，提高保护意识刻不容缓。（threaten）
78. 对于学生在校是否可以使用手机的看法因人而异。（vary）
Views on whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones vary from person to person.
79. 精准的定位系统的发明和应用对人们的现代生活产生了巨大影响。(difference)
The invention of the accurate positioning system and its applications have made a big difference to people's modern lives.
80. 看来这一次他不能对记者提出的问题避而不答了。(appear)
It appeared that this time he couldn’t avoid answering the questions raised by journalists.
81. 据报告世界上许多物种快要灭绝，提高保护意识刻不容缓。（threaten）
It's reported that many species in the world are threatened with extinction, so it is urgent to raise people's awareness of protection.
Section B
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你启明中学的王磊，作为学校摄影社长，你需要在新学期开始的时候写一篇短文吸引新生加入该社团，你的文章包括：
1. 对社团的介绍；2. 希望怎样的学生加入社团；3. 加入社团之后的收获。
Want to Explore Yourself Join Us!
Photography club has been honored as the most popular club on our school campus for four years in a row! It is intended to get you absorbed in photography skills, broaden your eyes to find the beauty of the world and help you understand the real meaning of life.
In the first semester, we will have some tailor-made courses such as introduction of cameras, basic concept of photography and photography skills, which make it easier for you to step into the photography world. in the second semester, we'll have outdoors shooting on various subjects, from which every club member will have the opportunity to practise.
If you are keen on photography and eager to explore yourself, why not give it a shot You will definitely discover new things about yourself! we will be more than glad to have you with us!
单元素养评估测试卷
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
As entrepreneurs（创业者）, we had a vision, we realized it, and now we ___1___(run) our own companies. But the dream can damage our “work-life balance.”
When the success of the company rests on your shoulders, you’ve always got an excuse to put ___2___else on hold.
What I’ve learned ___3___ (face) the demands of start-up company and a young family over the past couple of decades is that sometimes the best way to solve the work-life balance problem is to think small. Make a handful of lifestyle corrections ___4___, individually, may not sound all that exciting, but taken together can prevent you from getting too tried.
Here’s my list of life hacks that will help prevent exhaustion:
Work from home one day a week.
Few thing give you a more grounded, in-control feeling than getting things done in your own space and at your own pace. Instead of leaving the office ___5___ (clear) my head over a Starbucks coffee, I can fold the laundry, and cut back on evening housework.
Not to mention, working in pajamas is one of life’s ___6___ (underestimate) pleasures.
Pencil in time for exercise
I really bothered me ___7___with the demands of company and family, my tennis game was going down the drain. That may sound unimportant, but it wasn’t to me,___8___ it was a meaningful part of my life outside of work. To get some balance back in my life, I rearranged my schedule. Two mornings a week, I woke up an hour____9____(early) to work out with a tennis coach. If sports aren’t your thing, try yoga or that hobby that you always loved but let go of after starting your business.
Learn something new, outside the office
It can draining to always be the person who’s supposed to have the answers as a business leader. It’s surprisingly liberating to be on the other side,_____10_____ (absorb) knowledge without the pressure to perform or to always be right.
【答案】1. are running 2. everything 3. facing 4. that 5. to clear 6. underestimated
7. that 8. because 9. earlier 10. absorbing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些有助于防止疲劳的生活小妙招。
【1题详解】
考查现在进行时态。句意：作为企业家，我们有一个愿景，我们实现了它，现在我们经营我们自己的公司。根据now可知此处用现在进行时态，句子主语是We，故填are running。
【2题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：当公司的成功取决于你的时候，你总是有借口把其他的事情都放在一边。此处指其他的“每件事情”。故填everything。
【3题详解】
考查动名词作主语。句意：在过去的几十年里，面对初创公司和年轻家庭的需求，我学到的是，有时候解决工作和生活平衡问题的最好办法就是从小事做起。动词learn后面的宾语从句缺少主语，此处是动名词作主语，故填facing。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：做一些生活方式的改变，单独来说，可能听起来并不那么令人兴奋，但是综合起来可以防止你变得太累。此处corrections是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故填that。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：我不用离开办公室去喝一杯星巴克咖啡，我可以叠衣服，减少晚上的家务。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填to clear。
【6题详解】
考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：更不用说，穿着睡衣工作是生活中被低估的乐趣之一。此处underestimate和pleasures之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作前置定语，故填underestimated。
【7题详解】
考查that引导的宾语从句。句意：由于公司和家庭的需要，我的网球比赛全泡汤了，这真让我心烦。此处是that引导的宾语从句。故填that。
【8题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：这听起来可能不重要，但并不是对我来说，因为这是我工作之外的生活中有意义的一部分。此处是because引导的原因状语从句。故填because。
【9题详解】
考查比较级。句意：每周有两个早晨，我都会提前一个小时起床，和一位网球教练一起锻炼。固定用法：an hour earlier提前一个小时。此处用副词的比较级，故填earlier。
【10题详解】
考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：被解放出来站在另一边，在没有表现或总是正确的压力下吸收知识，这是令人惊讶的。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故填absorbing。
Section B
A. classify B. contains C. detailed D. maintains E. multiply F. necessarily G. passive H. relatively I. subject J. total K. unusual
Can a precise word total ever be known No, says Professor David Crystal, known chiefly for his research in English language studies and author of around 100 books on the ____11____. “It’s like asking how many stars there are in the sky. It’s impossible to answer,” he said.
An easier question to answer, he ____12____, is the size of the average person’s vocabulary. He suggests taking a sample of about 20 or 30 pages from a medium-sized dictionary, which ____13____ about 100,000 entries or 1,000 or 1,500 pages.
Tick off the ones you know and count them. Then ____14____ that by the number of pages and you will discover how many words you know. Most people vastly underestimate their ____15____.
“Most people know half the words-about 50,000-easily. A reasonably educated person about 75,000 and a really cool, smart person well, maybe all of them but that is rather ____16____. An ordinary person, one who has not been to university say, would know about 35,000 quite easily.”
The formula can be used to calculate the number of words a person uses, but a person’s active language will always be less than their ____17____, the difference being about a third.
Prof Crystal says exposure to reading will obviously expand a person’s vocabulary but the level of a person’s education does not ____18____ decide things. “A person with a poor education perhaps may not be able to read or read much, but they will know words and may have a very ____19____ vocabulary about pop songs or motorbikes. I’ve met children that you could ______20______ as having a poor education and they knew hundreds of words about skateboards that you won’t find in a dictionary.”
【答案】11. I 12. D 13. B 14. E 15. J 16. K 17. G 18. F 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了如何估算一个人的词汇量以及词汇量与教育的关系。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：不，大卫·克里斯特尔教授说。他主要以英语语言研究而闻名，写了大约100本这方面的书。根据空格前冠词the可知应填入名词。选项中唯一名词subject构成介词短语on the subject作后置定语修饰books，符合句意。故选I项。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：他坚持认为，一个更容易回答的问题是普通人的词汇量。分析句子结构可知空格处为谓语动词且应用第三人称单数形式。根据句意可知这里是“他认为”，maintain作动词表示“坚持说；坚持认为”，符合句意。故选D项。
【13题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：他建议从一本包含大约10万个条目或1000到1500页的中等大小的词典中选取大约20或30页的样本。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句中谓语动词，又因关系代词which指代先行词a medium-sized dictionary，在从句中作主语，所以谓语动词应该使用第三人人称单数形式。contain表示“包含”，用第三人称单数形式contains，符合句意。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：然后再乘以页数，你就会发现你知道多少单词了。分析句子结构可知本句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式。and前面分句为祈使句，用动词原形开头。根据空格后“that by the number of pages and you will discover how many words you know”可知这里是一种计算单词数量的方法。multiply表示“乘”，为动词原形且是一种计算方法，符合句意。故选E项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：大多数人大大低估了他们的总词汇量。根据空格前形容词性物主代词可知应填入名词。根据上文“you will discover how many words you know.”可知这里是说“低估了他们的总词汇量”。total作名词，表示“总数”，符合句意。故选J项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一个受过良好教育的人大约认识75000，一个很酷，很聪明的人也许认识全部，但这是很不寻常的。根据空格前连系动词可知应填入形容词作表语。unusual“不同寻常的”是形容词，符合句意。故选K项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但一个人的主动语言总是比被动语言少，差异约为三分之一。根据句中be less than可知句中存在比较关系，把a person’s active language（个人的主动语言）与their ____7____进行比较。passive“被动的”与前文active形成对比，符合句意。故选G项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：克里斯特尔教授说，接触阅读显然能扩大一个人的词汇量，但一个人的受教育程度并不能决定一切。分析句子成分可知这里应填入副词修饰动词decide，根据上文but可知这里是对教育水平影响单词量的否定。necessarily“必然地”副词修饰decide,符合句意。故选F项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一个受教育程度低的人可能不能读或者读很多，但是他们知道单词，也可能掌握关于流行歌曲或摩托车的复杂的词汇。分析句子成分可知这里应填入形容词修饰名词vocabulary,再根据下文“they knew hundreds of words about skateboards that you won’t find in a dictionary”可知没受什么教育的人可能会掌握很多词典上没有的词汇。detailed“复杂的”作定语修饰vocabulary，符合句意。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：我遇到过一些你可以归类为没有受过良好教育的孩子，他们知道上百个关于滑板的单词，你在字典里找不到。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句中谓语动词，又因空格前有情态动词，所以谓语动词应该使用原形。动词原形classify与其后介词as构成短语 classify...as...(把……归类为……)，符合句意。故选A项。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Color Can greatly Affect Human Emotion and Behavior
There’s been a lot written about color psychology but what we do know is that color can greatly affect human emotion and behavior. A lot of us already know that colors can suggest a mood or attitude, but do you know that color is a____41____that can persuade us to buy things According to some research, color can be up to 85 percent of the reason why we____42____to purchase something. Smart marketers know: Color____43____!
Yes you know, right colors make products better. Colors____44____how we feel about the food we eat. ____45____, orange juice with enhanced orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter.
In the case of____46____, color also plays a role. Have you ever noticed that pink is often used as the color of face creams That’s for a good reason. In a research study, some women were given pink and white face creams, which were____47____except for their color. One hundred percent of the women said that the pink face creams were more effective and milder on sensitive skin.
____48____, “more colorful, more personalized” is also accepted by most producers. It’s true that we need not only good quality products, but personalized ones. This urges manufacturers to make their products more and more “colorful”.
Take M&M’s Milk Chocolate Candies for example. Having a packet of M&M’s candies in____49____, choosing which one to eat first according to the colors-- many of us probably have had such experience. A variety of colors is the_____50_____of the classic candies. Now they have come with even more custom colors that will be sure to “_____51_____in your mouth, not in your hand!” Gold, silver, pink and many other colors are available to choose from. Eating such candies must be_____52_____“sweet” experience.
Another successful color marketing example is Apple’s iPhone. Does Apple have_____53_____communication technology Maybe, but that’s not the point, marketing experts say. What makes the iPhone so_____54_____is “the system that makes it easy for people to express themselves through color choices.” The newest model of iPhone features several colors- pink, red, blue, green, and so on. Color, as a personal statement, adds a touch of_____55_____to the smartphone.
41. A. sign B. therapy C. tool D. secret
42. A. decide B. struggle C. refuse D. seek
43. A. advertises B. sells C. claims D. screams
44. A. reflect B. recall C. influence D. stimulate
45. A. For example B. By contrast C. In the meantime D. What’s more
46. A. fashion B. cosmetics C. skin D. psychology
47. A. ideal B. smooth C. identical D. practical
48. A. Additionally B. However C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
49. A. mind B. mouth C. hand D. pocket
50. A. signature B. taste C. code D. signal
51 A. swallow B. digest C. chew D. melt
52. A. commonly B. particularly C. normally D. regularly
53. A. limited B. superior C. positive D. supportive
54. A. diverse B. entertaining C. precious D. appealing
55. A. humanity B. popularity C. individuality D. activity
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了颜色可以极大地影响人类的情绪和行为，可以作为说服我们去买东西的工具，并通过食物、化妆品、糖果、苹果手机举例说明。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很多人都知道颜色可以暗示一种情绪或态度，但你知道颜色是说服我们去买东西的工具吗？A. sign迹象，符号；B. therapy治疗；C. tool工具；D. secret秘密。根据“that can persuade us to buy things”可知颜色可以作为说服我们去买东西的工具。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据一些研究显示，颜色可能占我们决定购买某样东西的85%。A. decide决定；B. struggle挣扎，斗争；C. refuse拒绝；D. seek寻求。根据上文“color can be up to 85 percent of the reason”可知颜色可能占我们决定购买某样东西的85%。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：聪明的营销人员都知道：是颜色在卖东西!A. advertises通知，广告；B. sells卖；C. claims宣称，认领；D. screams尖叫。根据上文“color can be up to 85 percent of the reason why we 2 to purchase something”和下文“Yes, you know, right colors make products better. ”可知是颜色在卖东西。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：颜色影响我们对所吃食物的感觉。A. reflect反映，显示；B. recall回想起，召回；C. influence影响；D. stimulate刺激。根据下文“ orange juice with enhanced orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter”可知颜色影响我们对所吃食物的感觉。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，与天然橙汁相比，橙汁的橙色更受欢迎，人们认为它更甜。A. For example举例；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In the meantime与此同时；D. What’s more此外。根据“ orange juice with enhanced orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter”可知此处是列举了一个例子。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在化妆品中，颜色也起到了作用。A. fashion时尚；B. cosmetics化妆品；C. skin皮肤；D. psychology心理学，心理状态。根据下文“Have you ever noticed that pink is often used as the color of face creams ”可知颜色在化妆品中也起到了作用。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，研究人员给一些女性使用粉色和白色的面霜，除了颜色不同之外，这两种面霜完全相同。A. ideal理想的，完美的；B. smooth顺利的，光滑的；C. identical同一的；D. practical实际的。根据“except for their color”可知除了颜色不同之外，这两种面霜完全相同。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，“更丰富多彩，更个性化”也为大多数制作人所接受。A. Additionally此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据“is also accepted by most producers”可知此处是表示补充说明的关系。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：手里拿着一包M&M豆，根据颜色选择先吃哪个——我们很多人可能都有过这样的经历。A. mind理智，意见；B. mouth嘴巴；C. hand手；D. pocket口袋。根据下文“choosing which one to eat first according to the colors”可知是手里拿着一包M&M豆。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：各种颜色是经典糖果的特征。A. signature签名，明显特征；B. taste味道，品味；C. code代码，编码；D. signal导火线，暗号。根据下文“Now they have come with even more custom colors”可知各种颜色是经典糖果的特征，此处signature表示特征。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在他们推出了更多定制的颜色，这些颜色一定会“融化在你的嘴里，而不是在你的手中!”A. swallow吞没，忍受；B. digest消化，吸收；C. chew咀嚼；D. melt熔化，溶解。根据“in your mouth, not in your hand”可知是融化在嘴里。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：吃这样的糖果一定是特别“甜”的体验。A. commonly一般地，通常地；B. particularly特别是；C. normally正常地，通常地；D. regularly有规律地。根据上文“Gold, silver, pink and many other colors are available to choose from. ”可知吃这样的糖果一定是特别“甜”的体验。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：苹果有更先进的通讯技术吗？A. limited有限的；B. superior上级的，优秀的；C. positive积极的；D. supportive支持的。根据上文“Another successful color marketing example is Apple’s iPhone. ”可知此处表示是否是由于苹果有更先进的通讯技术。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：iPhone之所以如此吸引人，是因为“这个系统让人们可以很容易地通过颜色选择来表达自己。”A. diverse不同的，多样的；B. entertaining令人愉快的；C. precious宝贵的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据“is “the system that makes it easy for people to express themselves through color choices.” ”可知是讲述iPhone之所以如此吸引人的原因。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：颜色，作为一种个人表现，为智能手机增添了一抹个性。A. humanity人道；B. popularity普及，流行；C. individuality个人特征，个性；D. activity活动。根据上文“Color, as a personal statement”可知，颜色，作为一种个人表现，为智能手机增添了一抹个性。故选C。
Section B
(A)
There is no need to head to the movie theater or download the video game app: Angry Birds can be found right in your backyard this summer—if you live in the suburb(市郊). Virginia Tech researchers recently find that birds that live in suburban areas exhibit significantly higher levels of anger than those living in country. The results were recently published in Biology Letters.
“A possible reason for this is that these birds have less space but better resources to defend,” said Scott Davies, an expert at biological sciences in the College of Science. “Living near humans provides better food and shelter, but it also means more competition for these limited resources.”
The Virginia Tech and Radford University campuses served as the suburban sites due to their levels of human impact. Rural(乡村的) sites included Kentland Farm and Heritage Park. In these settings, the researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow(歌雀) and observed how the birds responded to a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor.
Campus birds showed a higher level of aggression: they approached and remained near the speaker, beat their wings wildly, engaged in loud singing and then began to produce ‘soft song’—a term that researchers use to describe the quiet noise that a bird makes, which indicates an attack is to be launched soon.
Though rural birds still responded to a song intrusion, they did not respond as vigorously.
The researchers placed small leg bands on the birds to identify individuals, and recorded each individual’s responses twice, several weeks apart. The suburban birds reacted more fiercely on both occasions, showing that their increased aggression persists throughout a breeding season.
5．The study by Virginia Tech researchers suggests that ________.
A．there are more angry birds in suburban areas than in rural areas
B．angry birds prefer to live in suburban areas instead of in country
C．birds living in suburban areas tend to show a higher level of anger
D．birds in rural areas prefer to live near humans for food and shelter
6．The researchers measured the level of different birds’ aggression by ________.
A．recording the reactions of song sparrows to their neighbors’ intrusion
B．placing small leg bands on the birds to identify different individuals
C．observing the birds’ responses to a recording of male song sparrows
D．approaching the birds in order to listen to their soft and quiet songs
7．The underlined word “vigorously” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．mildly B．violently
C．helplessly D．gently
8．The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．argue and persuade B．compare and assess
C．discuss and examine D．inform and explain
【答案】5．C6．C7．B8．D
【解析】弗吉尼亚理工大学的研究人员发现，居住在郊区的鸟儿们的愤怒程度要比住在乡村的鸟儿高得多。或许，你用不着买票去电影院观看，《愤怒的小鸟》正在你家后院上演呢。
5．C细节理解题。第一段Virginia Tech researchers recently find that birds that live in suburban areas exhibit significantly higher levels of anger than those living in country.表明，住在郊区的鸟儿往往会表现出更高程度的愤怒。故选C。
6．C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句In these settings, the researchers played a recording of a male song sparrow(歌雀) and observed how the birds responded to a simulated(仿造的) intrusion from a neighbor.可知，研究人员通过观察鸟儿对雄性麻雀的叫声的反应测量不同鸟类的攻击性程度。故选C。
7．B 猜测词义题。根据与市郊小鸟对叫声反应的攻击性的对比，住在乡下的小鸟的反应不是那么激烈（violently）。故选B。
8．D 写作意图题。本文在首段阐明观点，然后通过实验例证分析。故选D。
(B)
In addition to being open to opposite opinions, here are some techniques that could help broaden the way you think.
Respect Difference
The mere presence of individuals from different backgrounds with different points of view in your everyday life creates an atmosphere in which people can better respond to change.
Change Environments
A change in your everyday life may provide the force needed to change the direction of your thinking. For some people, small changes might help reorganize your desk or take a new route to work, whereas for others, more adjustments are required.
Shirt into Positivity
Unlike negative emotions that bring about specific reactions, positive emotions prompt us to broaden our attention, explore our environment, and open ourselves to absorbing information. Take a few moments to think about the things in your life that are going well and for which you are grateful; this will automatically brighten your mood-and free your brain.
Look as if You’ve Never Seen
A Zen Buddhist concept for approaching even routine situations as if you were encountering them for the first time, “beginner’s mind” allows you to remain open to new experiences despite any expertise you may have. For instance, when you brush your teeth, take a moment to look at the toothbrush as if you’ve never laid eyes on such an object and notice its color and shape. Think about the flavor of the toothpaste and notice how your mouth feels as you move the brush back and forth.
1. What may be the benefit of small changes in life
A. Reducing one’s workload. B. Focusing one’s attention.
C. Leading to adjustments. D. Better responding to changes.
2. How can you find something new in routine situation
A. By shifting into positivity B. By respecting difference.
C. By changing environments. D. By looking as if you’ve never seen.
3. What’s the purpose of the article
A. To introduce skills of broadening one’s thinking.
B. To compare the attitudes to thinking.
C. To give advice on thinking positively.
D. To explain the reasons for being open.
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了可以帮助你拓宽思维方式的技巧。
1.C
【解析】细节理解题。文本第三段 “small changes might help reorganize your desk or take a new route to work, whereas for others, more adjustments are required.” 可知人生中小变化益处是可以使我们得到调整。故答案为C。
2.D
【解析】细节理解题。文本第五段 “A Zen Buddhist concept for approaching even routine situations as if you were encountering them for the first time, ‘beginner’s mind’ allows you to remain open to new experiences despite any expertise you may have”可知，通过以看起来好像从未见过的样子对待事物，能使我们在日常生活中找到新的东西。故答案为D。
3.A
【解析】推理判断题。通过理解文章第一段“In addition to being open to opposite opinions, here are some techniques that could help broaden the way you think.”可以了解到文章写作意图为指导读者如何开拓思维，同时各段落的副标题为各种具体的方式，故文章主旨为提多方面建议，故答案为A。
(C)
In 1985, scientists reported a change in the atmosphere, a hole or thinning of ozone （臭氧） over Antarctica. Scientists were not sure what was causing.
Most scientists believe that man-made chemicals are destroying the ozone. They also have found signs of ozone loss in other parts of the atmosphere.
Ozone is found both in the air we breathe and in the upper atmosphere. Near the earth, ozone in the air is a danger to life. It is a waste product. But ozone found 10 to 50 kilometres up in the atmosphere protects life on earth. Ozone forms in the atmosphere through the action of solar radiation （太阳辐射）. Once formed, the ozone blocks harmful radiation from reaching the earth. Scientists say a reduction in ozone and an increase in the harmful radiation will cause many more cases of skin cancer and will harm crops, animals and fishes.
The report said it is about 8 degrees colder 15 kilometres above earth than it was in 1979. Scientists think the first loss of ozone reduces the amount of solar energy the atmosphere can take in. This cools the atmosphere, increases ice cloud production and leads to more ozone loss.
Scientists found signs the ozone problem has spread. The study shows that the loss of ozone over the areas with larger population in North America and Europe was at least three times greater than scientists had thought. The ozone levels reduced much more seriously during winter months than in warmer months. This is not surprising because the amount of ozone in the atmosphere changes with the temperature.
An international effort is being made to stop the loss of ozone in the atmosphere. But many experts fear that the effort will not produce results fast enough to prevent harm to life on the earth.
5. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. a change in atmosphere
B. the solar radiation
C. the ozone problem
D. a hole in Antarctica
6. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Ozone in the atmosphere is a danger to life.
B. Since ozone in the air is harmful to life, the less ozone in the atmosphere the better.
C. Ozone is a kind of man-made chemical product.
D. The ozone up above us can stop harmful radiation from getting to the earth.
7. From the passage we learn that ______.
A. the scientists have done a great deal to stop the earth getting warm
B. the temperature in 1979 was much colder than it is now
C. ozone holds solar energy and helps atmosphere take it in
D. successful efforts have been made to stop the loss of the ozone
8. This passage mainly wants to ______.
A. draw people’s interest in atmosphere
B. call the public attention to ozone problem
C. help people to know the change in air
D. tell people some information about atmosphere
5.C。全文叙述了在南极洲以及北美等的上空臭氧的数量在减少，如果长期这样下去，太阳中的有害物质 就会危害地球上的生物。
6.D。根据第三段中“Once formed, the ozone blocks harmful radiation from reaching the earth.”可知。
7. C。根据第四段中“Scientists think the first loss of ozone reduces the amount of solar....”可知。
8. B。作者首先讲了大气层中的臭氧层遭到了破坏，接着讲了臭氧层对地球上生物的重要性，
目的是唤醒人们的环保意识。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Dining in China: Culture Shock
Before coming to China, I thought of Chinese food as General Tso’s chicken, egg rolls, and fortune cookies. ____67____ In my first few weeks here, the group I was working with went out to dozens of group dinners. We were introduced to the Chinese way of dining out, and there was quite a bit of culture shock involved.
For one, the community style of dining was new to me. In America, I was used to sharing an appetizer with someone sometimes and then everyone ordering their own main course. In China, many dishes are ordered and placed on a lazy Susan. The table is spun around and you grab what you like. And we’re not just talking a starter, a main, and dessert here; a Chinese dinner is a marathon of food. ____68____ of course, there are always some staple foods around-rice, dumplings, or noodles. Soup comes last in a Chinese dinner instead of first, and dessert usually consists of a massive fruit plate.
Using chopsticks was also new to me and took quite some time to get used to. It was always embarrassing at first when I couldn’t grab something tasty from the moving table and had to wait until the next time around. After years of practice, I can now confidently snatch a peanut as it’s flying by me on a lazy Susan-practice really does make perfect! In the first few months, I was laughed at so many times by Chinese people while they watched me struggle with chopsticks. That probably explains why one of my favorite things to do while dining out in many Western restaurants in town is watching young, trendy Chinese people struggle with their forks and knives.
I had eaten chow mein before, as well as egg fried rice and Kung Pao chicken, but there were plenty of Chinese dishes that gave me culture shock in my first few months here. ____69____ While Americans basically only eat chicken breasts, wings, and thighs, Chinese will also dig into the liver, heart and especially the feet. There’s an old Chinese belief that eating an animal organ will benefit your corresponding organ-eating a heart is good for your heart, and eating a brain will make you smart. You can figure out the rest yourself.
Despite all of this food-related culture shock, I can honestly say that one of the best things about living here is the food and dining out. Chinese cuisine is so complex and varied that you could spend an entire lifetime here and not taste it all. ____70____ To be honest, now when I go home to visit I actually end up missing Chinese food more. Sometimes, culture shock is a good thing!
A. People often ask me about what food I miss the most from back home.
B. I understand that Chinese food is closely related to the Chinese way of life.
C. After arriving here, I quickly found out that not a single one of those things is served in China.
D. For example, Chinese people enjoy eating just about any part of an animal.
E. When Chinese people place an order, they are expecting a series of courses.
F. Usually it starts out with some cold dishes, and then moves into a wide variety of main courses.
【答案】67. C 68. F 69. D 70. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，讲述了作者体验到中国与西方美食文化的差异和感受到它来带的文化冲，并表达了他对中国美食的喜爱之情。
【67题详解】
根据上文“Before coming to China…”（来中国之前……）和下文“In my first few weeks here…”（我刚来的几周……）可知我来到了中国。C项“After arriving here, I quickly found out that not a single one of those things is served in China.”（到了这里后，我很快发现这些东西在中国都没有。）中arriving here与下文here相照应，承上启下。故选C项。
【68题详解】
上文“a Chinese dinner is a marathon of food.”（中餐菜品丰富，用餐就像马拉松。）提到中国菜的丰富。F项“Usually it starts out with some cold dishes, and then moves into a wide variety of main courses.”（通常一开始是一些凉菜，然后是各种各样的主菜。）中it指代上文a Chinese dinner，且a wide variety of main courses正是对a marathon of food的照应。故选F项。
【69题详解】
设空处上文“but there were plenty of Chinese dishes that gave me culture shock”（但有很多中国菜让我感受到文化冲击……）提到中国菜让我感到吃惊。D项“For example, Chinese people enjoy eating just about any part of an animal.”（例如，中国人喜欢吃动物的任何部位。）对culture shock进行具体举例，且与下文“While Americans basically only eat chicken breasts, wings, and thighs, Chinese will also dig into the liver, heart and especially the feet.”(美国人基本上只吃鸡胸、鸡翅和鸡腿，而中国人也会吃鸡肝、鸡心，尤其是鸡脚。)是对D项的进一步解释说明。故选D项。
【70题详解】
A项“People often ask me about what food I miss the most from back home.”（人们经常问我回国后最想念什么食物。）中ask me about what food I miss与下文“To be honest, now when I go home to visit I actually end up missing Chinese food more.”（说实话，现在当我回国的时候，我实际上更想念中国菜了。）中I actually end up missing Chinese food more一问一答，相互呼应。故选A项。
第II卷
Writing
Section A
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
78. 对于学生在校是否可以使用手机的看法因人而异。（vary）
79. 精准的定位系统的发明和应用对人们的现代生活产生了巨大影响。(difference)
80. 看来这一次他不能对记者提出的问题避而不答了。(appear)
81. 据报告世界上许多物种快要灭绝，提高保护意识刻不容缓。（threaten）
78. 对于学生在校是否可以使用手机的看法因人而异。（vary）
Views on whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones vary from person to person.
79. 精准的定位系统的发明和应用对人们的现代生活产生了巨大影响。(difference)
The invention of the accurate positioning system and its applications have made a big difference to people's modern lives.
80. 看来这一次他不能对记者提出的问题避而不答了。(appear)
It appeared that this time he couldn’t avoid answering the questions raised by journalists.
81. 据报告世界上许多物种快要灭绝，提高保护意识刻不容缓。（threaten）
It's reported that many species in the world are threatened with extinction, so it is urgent to raise people's awareness of protection.
Section B
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你启明中学的王磊，作为学校摄影社长，你需要在新学期开始的时候写一篇短文吸引新生加入该社团，你的文章包括：
1. 对社团的介绍；2. 希望怎样的学生加入社团；3. 加入社团之后的收获。
Want to Explore Yourself Join Us!
Photography club has been honored as the most popular club on our school campus for four years in a row! It is intended to get you absorbed in photography skills, broaden your eyes to find the beauty of the world and help you understand the real meaning of life.
In the first semester, we will have some tailor-made courses such as introduction of cameras, basic concept of photography and photography skills, which make it easier for you to step into the photography world. in the second semester, we'll have outdoors shooting on various subjects, from which every club member will have the opportunity to practise.
If you are keen on photography and eager to explore yourself, why not give it a shot You will definitely discover new things about yourself! we will be more than glad to have you with us!