unit 2 Animals单元语法课件（非限制性定语从句及介词+关系代词用法）

(共39张PPT)
Unit 2 Animals
必修二
上外版
2022
CONTENT
非限制性定语从句
介词+关系代词的灵活运用
非限制定语从句
非限制性定语从句
例句
The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.
Laura is going to marry Mark, whom she is falling in love with.
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is very beautiful.
Dogs, which are friends of people, are becoming more and more popular.
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切 （删掉后影响意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切
（补充说明，删掉后不影响意思的表达）
不用逗号分开 一般用逗号分开
可用关系代词that；可用who代替whom 不可用关系代词that；不用who代替whom
关系代词可省略 关系代词不可省略
读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调
只修饰先行词，不修饰主句或主句的一部分 可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时
一定有逗号，只能由which
I have a daughter that is a teacher.
我有一个当老师的女儿。
I have a daughter, who is a teacher.
我有一个女儿，她是老师。
可能有多个女儿
就一个女儿
（1）作用不同
限制性定语从句用来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附和、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍很完整。
His brother who lives in London will go to America next week.
他住在伦敦的哥哥下周将去美国。(限制性定语从句，意思是他可能还有别的哥哥。)
His brother，who lives in London，will go to America next week.
他的哥哥住在伦敦，下周将去美国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起到补充说明的作用，言外之意是他只有一个哥哥。)
（2）形式不同
限制性定语从句主句和从句之间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句常用逗号隔开从句和主句。
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
The project, which lasted three years, cost 1 billion.
（3）先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
The film is very interesting, which makes me very glad.
（4）关系词的使用情况有所不同
①that不用于引导非限制性定语从句
②关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。
This is the boy I met at the theatre.
A young man had a new girlfriend, he wanted to impress.
③关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。
who/whom
whom
This is a good film I saw a few days ago.
The summer holiday, we’re looking forward to, is drawing near.
(which/that)
which
（5）翻译不同
含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。
She has a brother who works in a hospital.
她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。
She has a brother，who works in a hospital.
她有一个哥哥，在医院工作。
as which
从句位置 主句之前、中、后 主句之后、中
先行词 整个句子 词、短语、句子
肯定句 肯定句、否定句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
The road was so slippery, which caused lots of accidents.
As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can.
He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all.
关系代词who/whom/whose
关系代词 在从句中的成分 搭配的先行词
who 主语、宾语 人
whom 宾语 人
whose 定语 人、物
that 主语，宾语（可省略） 人或物
which 主语，宾语（可省略） 物
There are 50 ss in our class and half of wear glasses.
There are 50 ss in our class, half of wear glasses.
who指人，在从句中做主语也可以做宾语。
whom指人，在从句中做宾语。
介词后只能用whom，不能跟who
them
whom
whose表所属关系
Do you know Peter His father is very rich.
Do you know Peter whose father is very rich
He wants a room. Its window faces south.
He wants a room whose window faces south.
He wants a room the window of which faces south.
whose既可指人，又可指物
1. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
2. A lot of language learning, _____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _______ , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
4. When deeply absorbed in work, _________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
5. It is the third time that she has won the race, _________ has surprised us all.
which
as
who
which
which
用适当的关系代词填空
介词+关系代词
（whom；which）
当介词用于关系代词前时:
关系代词指人,只能用 介词+whom
关系代词指物,只能用 介词+which
2. Whom 和 which 不能省略
The money is gone.
　You were to buy dog food with the money.
　
　The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gone.
The money with which you were to buy dog food　is gone.
buy sth with
(1).词组的搭配(看从句中的动词短语,和形容词短语搭配)
2．Have you met him
　　Our teacher is talking about the tall man.
Have you met the tall man (whom/who/that) our teacher is talking about
Have you met the tall man about whom our teacher is talking
talk about sb
Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems.
at the meeting
Yesterday we had a meeting.
we discussed many problems at the meeting.
(2).据句意搭配
Air _______which we can’t live is really important.
without
介词+关系代词的灵活运用
The girl whom you work is Cathy.
The farm which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.
This is the tree which we used to play games.
Care of soul is a gradual process which even small details of life should be considered.
with
on
under
during/in
根据从句选介词
The ease with which Tom cracked the complex was unbelievable.
Tom cracked the complex sentence with ease.
The ease was unbelievable.
根据先行词选介词
at the rate（ 以…的速度;按…的比率）; in the direction;
to the extent（在…范围/限度内）;
by the means; in practice; to the degree（到...的程度）
介词+关系代词的灵活运用
找准先行词
将先行词还原至从句
选择合适的介词将从句与先行词连接
He is the man you can depend.
I wish to thank Professor Hu, help I would never have got this far.
Have you found the book _______ I paid $10
Have you found the book _______ I spent $10
This is my pair of glasses, ___________ I cannot see clearly.
on whom
without whose
for which
on which
without which
介词+关系代词中of的用法
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.
The company, of which he was the chairman, has made a lot of money.
We had a meeting the purpose of which was not clear.
He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south.
介词+关系代词
of在定语从句中表所属关系或整体与部分的关系。
常见结构：不定代词/数量词/形容词比较或最高级+ of which/whom，表示数量或某种特点。
all, each, either, neither, none, little, few, many, much, half, several…
介词+关系代词
固定搭配的介宾短语
He may be late, in which case we should wait for him.
He was a great writer, in whose honor this statue was built.
介词+关系代词
定语从句中介词不可以提前的短语
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可置于从句之首，亦可置于从句之末。但以置于从句之首较为正式。如：
This is the book for which you asked. 这是你所要的书。
This is the book which you asked for. 这是你所要的书。
如果介系词与动词或形容词组成固定词组时，介系词就不可以提前了，如：
The old woman whom he is taking care of is my grandmother. 他正在照顾的那位老人是我的外婆。
介词+关系代词
介词+关系代词
凡是结构紧密含介词的短语动词，在定语从句中不能把介词提前到关系代词前，例如 look after, look for, take care of, be afraid of，等等。
1.含有介词的动词短语固定搭配一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for.
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking.
T
F
另外：有些动词的固定短语是不可以将介词提前的:
look after, take care of , look forward to,
pay attention to, look into, break into…
Conclusion:
根本方法：把先行词带入定语从句中，看是否缺介词，缺介词的话在关系代词前补上介词 —— 介词+关系代词
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
1. The teacher______ ______ I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu.
2. This is the house______ ______ Lu Xun once lived.
3. He will never forget the day __ ______ he came to Beijing.
from whom
in which
on which
learn from
live in
on the day
4. The reason _____ ______ I came here is that I want to get your help.
5. The West Lake, ____ ______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
for which
for which
for the reason
be famous for
whose+名词=
of which/whom＋ the + 名词
the＋名词＋of which/whom
There are 50 ss in our class, half of whom wear glasses.
He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south. = whose window
用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句
1. I disagree with the facts ____ which your argument is based.
2. The song, ____ which he was interested, will never be heard again.
3. This is the reason _____ which he often comes to school late.
4. I will never forget the way ___ which/ (that) my teacher taught me.
5. This is the hero ____ whom we are proud.
on
in
for
in
of
6. I want to find the very pen ______ which I wrote that letter.
7. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly.
8. It is important to choose good friends ______ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.
9. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs.
10. I would always like to do business with those people ___________ whom I can rely.
with
of
with
to
on/ upon