2021-2022学年高二上学期牛津上海版英语期中复习卷（5）（有答案无听力试题）

2021-2022学年牛津上海版英语高二第一学期期中复习卷（四）
I． Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (10分)
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A team of engineers at Harvard University ___21___ (inspire) by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. ___22___ (design) to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform ___23___ (control) flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who ___24___ (work) on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start ___25___ (pierce) together the components. “The ___26___ (add) difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of devices, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well,” said Wood. The flight device ___27___(build) into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the ___28___ (fly) robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually ___29___ (equip) it with a built-in power source, so that it can someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields ___30___ on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
▲Section B (10分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. independently B. participation C. addingD. equality E. foundation F. confidence
G. boards H. communication I. exposureJ. accessibility K. separately
Web-based education tools provide many ways to increase ___31___ between class members and faculty, including discussion ___32___, chats, and e-mails. Researchers have found that ___33___ these elements to a course increases student motivation and ___34___ in class discussions and projects, making them have ___35___ in their ability. Online forums, like Blackboard’s Discussion Board and Chat, provide public areas to post information. Each student can view another student’s answers and learn through the ___36___ to different perspectives. This benefits students because they can combine new opinions with their own, and develop a solid ___37___ for learning besides the benefits of learning ___38___.
Another benefit to using web-based communication tools is to give all students a reinforced sense of ___39___. Each individual has the same opportunity to “speak up” by posting messages.
Online communication also benefits students by providing additional layer of instructor ___40___.
In all, web-based learning environments permit the instructor to build one course, so students can utilize materials in whichever way works best for them.
II． Reading Comprehension
Section A (15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks ___41___ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more ___42___ than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really ___43___. And body language is particularly ___44___ when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so ___45___ a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. ___46___, different societies treat the ___47___ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having ___48___contact (接触) even with friends, certainly not with ___49___. People from Latin American countries, ___50___, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in ___51___, it may look like a Latino is ___52___ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving ___53___. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep ___54___ —which the Latino will in return regard as ___55___.
Whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be treated.
( ) 41. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further
( ) 42. A. sounds B. invitationsC. feelings D. messages
( ) 43. A. hope B. receiveC. discover D. mean
( ) 44. A. immediate B. misleadingC. important D. difficult
( ) 45. A. well B. far C. much D. long
( ) 46. A. For example B. Thus C. However D. In short
( ) 47. A. trade B. distanceC. connections D. greetings
( ) 48. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone
( ) 49. A. strangers B. relativesC. neighbors D. enemies
( ) 50. A. in other wordsB. on the other hand
C. in a similar way D. by all means
( ) 51. A. trouble B. conversationC. silence D. experiment
( ) 52. A. disturbing B. helpingC. guiding D. following
( ) 53. A. closer B. faster C. in D. away
( ) 54. A. stepping forward B. going onC. backing away D. coming out
( ) 55. A. weakness B. carelessnessC. friendliness D. coldness
Section B (22分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
In sport the sexes are separate. Women and men do not run or swim in the same races. Women are less strong than men. That at least is what people say. Women are called the weaker sex, or, if men want to please them, the fair sex. But boys and girls are taught together at schools and universities. There are women who are famous Prime Ministers, scientists and writers. And women live longer than men. A European woman can expect to live until the age of 74, a man only until he is 68. Are women’s bodies really weaker
The fastest men can run a mile in under 4 minutes. The best women need 4.5 minutes. Women’s time is always slower than men’s, but some facts are a surprise. Some of the fastest women swimmers today are teenage girls. One of them swam 400 meters in 4 minutes 21.2 seconds when she was only 16. The first ‘Tartan’ in film was an Olympic swimmer, Johnny Weissmuller. His fastest 400 meters was 4 minutes 49.1 seconds, which is 37.9 seconds slower than a girl 50 years later! This does not mean that women are catching men up. Conditions are very different now and sport is much more serious. It is so serious that some women athletes are given hormone (荷尔蒙) injections (注射). At the Olympics a doctor has to check whether the women athletes are really women or not. It seems sad that sport has such problems. Life can be very complicated (复杂的) when there are two separate sexes!
( ) 56. Women are called the weaker sex because _________.
A. women do as much as men
B. people think women are weaker than men
C. sport is easier for men than for women
D. in sport the two sexes are always together
( ) 57. Which of the following is true
A. Boys and girls study separately everywhere.
B. Women do not run or swim in races with men.
C. Famous Prime Ministers are women.
D. Men can expect to live longer than women in Europe.
( ) 58. The underlined part “That at least is what people say” means people _________.
A. say other things, too
B. don’t say this much
C. say this but may not think so
D. only think this
( ) 59. In this passage the author implies that _________.
A. women are weaker than men, but faster
B. women are slower than men, but stronger
C. men are not always stronger and faster than women
D. men are faster and stronger than women
B
In Japan many workers for large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment. They will not be laid off during recessions (经济萧条) or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots. To some observers, this is capitalism at its best, because workers are treated as people not things. Others see it as necessarily inefficient and believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.
Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works. In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment system includes only “regular employees.” Many employees do not fall into this category, including all women. All businesses have many part time and temporary employees. These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are. These “irregular workers” make up about 10 percent of the nonagricultural work force. Additionally, Japanese firms maintain some flexibility through the extensive use of subcontractors (分包单位). This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.
The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased markedly in Japan since the 1974-1975 recession. All this leads some people to argue that the Japanese system really is not all that different from the American system. During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors. In the United States, corporations lay off those workers with the least working experience. The difference then is probably less than the term “lifetime employment” suggests, but there still is a difference. And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society. The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual terms. Firms hold on to the employees and that employees stay with one firm. There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job. Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, lower productivity and lower pay.
( ) 60. According to the passage, a woman in Japan _________.
A. cannot get a lifetime job
B. is impossible to get a part time job
C. will be employed for life
D. is among the regular workers
( ) 61. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Japanese workers stay with one firm
A. They don’t want to lose their retirement benefits.
B. They are not adaptable people.
C. Any change of jobs will make them less paid.
D. They get used to the teamwork.
( ) 62. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. those who want to change jobs frequently in Japan should think twice
B. those who are first laid off by American corporations are temporary workers
C. the use of subcontractors makes Japanese firms less flexible
D. the Japanese system is totally different from the American system
( ) 63. What does the passage mainly discuss
A. The extremely hard situation during recessions.
B. The extensive use of subcontractors in Japan.
C. The characteristics of corporations in the United States.
D. The features of lifetime employment in Japan.
C
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts （人文科学） in higher education isn’t an either / or one, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report （国会报告）acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also insists that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central elements of America’s educational system at all levels. Both areas are the key to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem; “major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to take advantage of every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and seize the opportunities, will be helpful to them and the nation.
( ) 64. What does the latest congressional report suggest
A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
D. Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
( ) 65. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major
A. Their interest in relevant subjects.
B. The academic value of the courses.
C. The quality of education to receive.
D. Their chances of getting a good job.
( ) 66. What does the author say about the so called “soft” subjects
A. They benefit students in their future life.
B. They broaden students’ range of interests.
C. They just improve students’ communication skills.
D. They are essential to students’ healthy growth.
▲Section C (8分)
Directions: Choose from the sentences A—F to complete the passage. There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.
As a teacher, you will use many ways to nurture (滋养) friendships among students. Now here are some steps for you to teach them friendship skills.
___67___
Students should examine their surroundings and find someone with whom they would like to play or talk. Students should be given examples on examining how people will look like when they want to play or talk.
Smile and get close to the person
The teacher should model walking up to someone with a smile on her face. ___68___
Introduce themselves
Students should say their names, ask the other person his name, and look at the person and smile.
Ask open-ended questions to get information ___69___ Students need to know that open-ended questions have answers of more than two or three words. Students should remember to look at the person and smile. A list of questions can be provided for the students if they are able to read. This step will depend on the level of the students. ___70___
Students should find some activity or game to play on the playground during free time. The teacher can encourage students to join in an activity and provide ideas for students so their interaction will continue.
Once students have learned these skills, you can provide them with simple reminder cards with words or pictures so they can practice on their own. Teaching these steps will be even more effective if you use children’s literature to show how friends are made.
A. Find someone to whom they can talk.
B. As the saying goes “Laughter is the best medicine.”
C. Students should practice this over and over.
D. Suggest something to play together.
E. Students can ask the other student what he is playing with or what’s happening.
F. Be polite to others.
Section D (15分)
Directions: Write the summary of the passage with no more than 80 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Every country has a capital city. It is where the government of the country meets. The capital city is often the largest and most important city in a country and it has more people, shops, businesses, offices and factories than anywhere else.
The Romans founded a city, which was called Londinium, by the River Thames in AD 43. The area is now the City of London, which is the business centre of the city. The Romans built the first London Bridge. In the 11th century, a royal palace and then a minster (a large and important church) were built 3 km to the west of the city. As London grew and became more crowded, and roads and railways were built, people moved to the suburbs of the city to live. What were once outlying villages and towns were swallowed up, forming Greater London. By the 1860s, London was so crowded that railways had to be built underground. The London Underground now carries millions of passengers every year.
As the capital city, London needs good communications with the rest of the United Kingdom and the wider world. Five airports serve London: Heathrow, Gatwick, London City, Luton and Stansted airports. Heathrow is one of the world’s busiest international airports. There are flights to and from about 220 places worldwide, and more than 40 million travelers use the airport each year. There are also new docks, able to handle large modern ships, at Tilbury, near the mouth of the Thames.
Almost all of the country’s main railway lines and motorways, and many of its main roads, radiate (辐射) out from London. Trains using the Channel Tunnel to mainland Europe start in London, and there is a direct motorway link between London and the Channel Tunnel.
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第ＩＩ卷（共40分）
I． Translation (15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
作为一名老师，我应该信守诺言。（word）
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说实话，要参加一系列的竞赛使我很焦虑。（compete）
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每四年，世界各地的运动员都会参加到奥运会的各个赛事中。（participate）
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4. 自主学习最好的好处就是你可以在方便的时候学习你感兴趣的东西。(convenient)
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II Guided Writing (25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
1. 简要描述图片；
2. 针对此种情况发表您的观点。
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答案
第I卷
I． Grammar and Vocabulary
21. has been inspired 22. Designed 23. controlled 24. has worked / has been working 25. to pierce / piercing
26. added 27. was built 28. flying 29. to equip 30. or
31—35 HGCBF 36—40 IEADJ
II． Reading Comprehension
41. B。身势语比语言表达的意思更响亮，更清楚。此处louder意为：声音更大，即更有说服力。
42. D。据专家称：我们的身体发出比我们意识到的更多的信息。
43. D。实际上，非语言交际占据了约50%我们真正想表达的意思。
44. C。当我们进行跨文化交流时，身势语显得尤为重要。
45. C。事实上身势语是被我们常常忽视的很大的一部分。
46. A。文章以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例，说明不同的社会群体对待距离的态度是不同的。
47. B。不同的社会群体对待人们之间接触的距离是不同的。
48. C。北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。
49. A
50. B。此处on the other hand意为“然而，在另一方面”。然而，拉丁美洲国家的人们相互接触的就很多。
51. B。在对话过程中，拉美人跟在挪威人满屋子转是可能的。
52. D
53. A。拉美人保持靠近些表示友谊。
54. C。挪威人将不断的后退。
55. D。拉美人反过来认为他们很冷淡。
56. B。根据第一段第三句可知。
57. B。根据第一段第二句可知。
58. C。第一段第四句可知人们这样说,但第一段最后一句提出疑问,证明人们并非都这样认为。
59. C。从第二段第四句到第七句所举的例子可以看出。
60. A。由文章第二段第二、三、四句可知。
61. B。从第三段最后四句可知A,C,D是原因，故B不是原因。
62. A。B为文章原句，不是推论；C, D本身错误，故选A。
63. D。由文章每段主题句可知。
64. B。从文章第二段第一句可以看出。
65. D。从文章第三段可以看出。
66. A。从文章第三段第二句可以看出。
66—70 ACED
A capital city is where the government meets. Londinium, founded by the Romans is now the City of London. As London became more and more crowded, people had to live in the suburbs of the city. In the 19th century, the London Underground was built to carry millions of people. There are 5 airports and new docks that serve London. Many of the century’s railway lines and roads, as well as the tunnel to mainland Europe start from London.
第II 卷
I. Translation
1. As a teacher, I should keep my word.
2. To be honest, to compete in a series of games / competitions make me very nervous.
3. Every four years athletes from all over the world participate in the various events at the Olympic Games.
4. The greatest benefit of independent learning is that you can learn what you are interested in at your convenience.
II． Guided Writing
As is vividly depicted in the picture, a short-sighted man wearing a pair of glasses, trying his best to look at things clearly, shouts cheerfully that there is beauty everywhere. In sharp contrast, the other man, with his eyes closed, says carelessly, “Why can’t I see the beauty ”
I disagree with the second man. Actually, I think beauty exists everywhere, but it is invisible to our eyes simply because we are reluctant to discover it.
In our daily life, inner beauty is what we often neglect. Sometimes, we tend to judge a person by his appearance. However, an ordinary-looking person can possess good qualities which are worth admiring. For instance, when people are in need, they are ready to offer a helping hand without hesitation. So how can we say they are not beautiful
In addition, beauty can be found in trifles. Looking around in the classroom, we may find that a classmate is helping the other working out a problem and a teacher is tutoring a student. Walking in the street, we may notice that a traffic police officer is taking pains to do his duty regardless of the weather. What they are doing seems not to be a big deal, but they are truly showing a kind of beauty.
So don’t get easily depressed and think that there exists no beauty in the world. What we should do is to discover the beauty around ourselves and learn to be kind, friendly and upright.