江苏省某市重点中学高二英语导学案：M6U2past and future tense（牛津译林版）

M6U2 Grammar 导学案
(Past and future tenses)
Learning aims(学习目标):
(1) Master the usage of future tenses.
(2) Practice about the three kinds of future tenses.
Important points(学习重点) ：
How to use the simple future tense; the future continuous tense; the future in the past tense
Difficult points(学习难点)：learn to compare different past and future tenses
Learning guides( 方法导引)：compare, deduce and practice
Learning procedure（学习过程）:
Step 1 Lead-in
Step 2 past tenses
谈论过去的状况或动作一般用过去时态。过去时态包括一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时和过去完成时等。
各种过去时的谓语构成（以do为例）
一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时
1 一般过去时
1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, a moment ago, the next day等。
Sang Lan was born in Ningbo, China in 1981.
I ________ (attend) a meeting yesterday, it was too boring.
Where _____ he _______ (go ) a moment ago, I couldn’t find him anywhere
2)表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。
I went to school by bus.
He was often late for school.
He _______ (use to) go to see his grandparents once a month when he was young.
3)常用一般过去时的句型。
Why didn’t you/I think of that
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
2. 一般过去时和现在完成比较
一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去的动作,但前者侧重过去的事实,后者侧重过去的动作对现在的影响.
-- My computer ________ wrong although I used it only once.
-- you’d better go to check it.
A has gone B went
试比较:
I can’t enter the room now because I ____________ (lose) my key.
I can’t find my text book now, but I _______ (put) it here.
特殊句型
1. It is time you went to bed now.
____________________________________________
2. I'd rather you came tomorrow.
___________________________________________
小结：
________________________________________________________________.
3．过去进行时
1)它是用来表示在特定的某一时刻正在发生的事情，或者过去某一时段内持续发生的事情。主要从点和段上来强调动作的过去进行时。
What _______ you _________ (do) at nine last night
I first met Lisa three years ago. She _______( work) at the radio shop at that time.
2)表示过去某一阶段内一直在进行的动作。
I was reading a novel last night.
As she was reading the newspaper, her sister ________ (do) her homework.
过去进行时在近年高考中的考查:
1. – Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
-- Where was I
-- You _______you didn’t like your father’s job. (04 北京)
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
2. – You were out when I dropped in at your house. (04 广东)
-- Oh, I _____ for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited
3. – Has Sam finished his homework today
-- I have no idea. He _____ it this morning. (04吉林)
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
4. – What’s wrong with your coat (05 重庆)
-- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it.
A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting
4. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
1). 一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如
I was sixteen years old last year.
He worked in a factory in 1986.
I _______(meet) her in the street the day before yesterday.
He often________(swim) in the river when he was young.
2). 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/ Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。
Eg. What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.
I was cooking when she knocked at the door.
3). 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
I saw you while you were speaking to Joan.
注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：
She ______(write) a letter to her friend last night , and posted it this morning.
She _______(write) a letter to her friend last night, but I don’t know if she has finished it.
4). 过去进行时的时间状语从句
(1). when 和while引导的状语从句
while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
When/While we _______ (have) supper, the light went out.
(2). when用作并列连词时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。
I ________(walk) in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时突然有人喊我
小结：
5．过去完成时
1)在某一过去时间以前或过去某事之前已发生并完成的动作。(when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and already)
By the end of last month they had treated 3,000 patients.
By the time she competed in the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a dedicated junior gymnast for eleven years.
（09重庆）50. She stared at the painting, wondering where she ______it.
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
[2001上海春]：The new suspension bridge _____ by the end of last month.
has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
2)表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。
I had hoped to go on Monday, but I couldn’t get away.
I _______ (think) that he was our English teacher, but I was wrong.
3)用与Hardly…when, Scarcely…when, No sooner…than句型中。
Hardly had he finished his homework when we went home.
No sooner ________ I _________(reach) home than it began to rain.
小结:
Step3future tenses
一般将来时 将来进行时 过去将来时 将来完成时
谈论将来的状况或动作一般用将来时态。将来时态包括一般将来时、将来进行时和将来完成时等。
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week等。
She will come with us to watch a football match tomorrow.
有几种方法可以表示一般将来。
1). will/shall do:表示将来发生的动作或出现的状态,shall仅与第一人称连用
I know I will think about her whenever my life feels unbearable.
2). be going to do:表示主语计划打算的行动或看来就要发生的事情
Today, I’m going to talk about how to find happiness.
3). be doing:表示计划或安排好的动作（go, come, leave, begin 等动词）
4). be to do:表示客观上计划或安排好的动作
The line is to be opened to traffic on May Day.
5). be about to do:表示即将发生的动作,一般不带时间副词或短语
He is about to retire.
6). do:表示与安排，计划或时刻表有关的动作；或用于if, when等状语从句中代替will do.
(考题) [2004高考全国卷]：Let’s keep to the point or we______ any decisions.
A．will never reach B．have never reached
C．never reach D．never reached
[06江苏卷34] ：A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
将来进行时
(1)表示将来某一时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。
Dr Brain will be talking about success next time.
What _______ you ______(do) at eight tomorrow evening
I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.
(2). 表示即将或按计划在未来要发生的事情, 主语为第一人称时往往含有期盼情感.
I’ll be seeing my grandma next month.
They will be separating in the summer.
3．将来完成时
表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
When you get home, you father will have left for America.
By the end of next month he _______(finish) his novel.
1)By the end of this month, we surely ____ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A. have found B. will be found
C. will have found D. are finding
2)The conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted 　 B. will have lasted
C. would last 　　 D. has lasted
4. 过去将来时
1)从过去某时看将要发生的动作。
I never imagined that he would become a doctor.
I was about to leave when my uncle arrived.
2)come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的词，可用过去进行时表过去将来。
Mr. Smith telephoned home to tell his wife that John was coming for supper.
He told me that he _______(leave) soon.
小结：
I. 用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式填充。
1. Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______ (reach) any decisions.
2. My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______ (miss) half of it.
3. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _____ just ______ (stare) into space.
4. I ____ (ask) you not to move my dictionary——now I can't find it.
5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
6. --George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding
--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite). Did they have a big wedding
7. Shirley _____ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ ______(see) each other a couple of times before that.
9. His wife _____ ______ (hope) to catch the first train but she was too late.
10. I _____ ______ (catch) in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.
11. I found the sentence _____ ______ (not read) smoothly.
12. What he had said at the meeting _____ (prove) true.
13. ---Did you see Tom at the party
--- No. He _____ _____ (leave) by the time I arrived.
14. --- How time flies! It’s already 10 o’clock.
--- Oh, I _____ _____ (not realize) it at all.
15. --- I’m sorry that I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
--- You did_____ (lose) your temper but that’s OK.
II.用所给动词的适当的过去时或将来时的形式确翻译下列各句 ：
1. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓着) him but failed.
2. --What were you doing when Tony phoned you
--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正准备开始)to take a shower.
3. --You were out when I dropped in at your house.
--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.
4. --- Why haven’t you asked her to come here
--- She ________(正在做) an important experiment when I found her and she hasn’t finished it.
5. --- What were you up to when she dropped in
--- I_____ _____(刚玩了一会儿)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看书) some reading.
6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(会看到) advertisement showing happy families.
7. --- What place is it
--- Haven’t you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)
8. --- Tomorrow is my birthday. I’d like you and Jane to come.
--- I’m not sure if she _____ _____ (将)free.
9. The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
10. You_______ _______(要求你ask) not to move the desk——now it is broken.
单项选择：
1. — Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about Don’t you like it
— I’m sorry I ______ any remark about it in time. I certainly think it’s smart.
A. wasn’t making B. don’t make
C. won’t make D. didn’t make
2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city ______ so rapidly all these years.
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
3. He ______ quite well, but he hasn’t had time to swim since this summer.
A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims
4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he ____by now.
A. hasn’t turned up B. doesn’t turn up
C. won’t turn up D. hadn’t turned up
5. I’m terribly sorry for being late, but I _____ the wrong bus.
A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching
6. The truth, sir, is that the old man ______ across the road when my car hit him.
A. was to walk B. had been walking
C. walked D. was walking
7. I really don’t think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _____.
A. is B. does C. will be D. has been
8. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play
C. had played D. played
9. — Kate is in hospital.
— Oh, really I _______. ________ visit her.
A. didn’t know; I’ll go and B. don’t know; I’ll go and
C. don’t know; I’m going to D. didn’t know; I’m going to
10. — Where _______ the guidebook I can’t see it anywhere.
— I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have put
C. have you put; put D. were you putting; put
11. — Do you live in this city
— No, we ______ it for holidays.
A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited
12. — How is the old man now
— Sorry, he ______ though they did all they could to save him.
A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died
13.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures ______.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
14. I’m afraid it will be two months ______.
A. when I come back B. when I’ll come back
C. before I come back D. before I’ll come back
15.The workers _____ busily when the boss came to look for something he ______ in the office.
A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left
C. working ; had left D. had worked; left
16.The notice ______ “No smoking”.
A. is told B. reads C. tells D. is read
17. The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital.
A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died
18. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _____ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
19. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.
A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become
C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become
20. I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped
21. Helen _ __ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
22.He stepped into the office, _____ down and began to fill in the forms.
A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it
23.She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far.
A.haven’t heard B.didn’t hear C.hadn’t heard D.won’t hear
24.When I got to the cinema, the film__ __for ten minutes.
A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was
25.I’ll go with you as soon as I____my homework.
A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished
26.If it_____tomorrow,I won’t go to the cinema.
A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained
27.She is going to be a nurse when she_____up.
A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew
28.I would rather I ________ to bed earlier yesterday evening.
went B. have gone
C. go D. had gone
29.— Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
— Oh, how nice of you! I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.
A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going
C.didn’t think; were going D.had’t thought; were going
30.When I was at college I _____ three foreign languages,but I _____ all except for a few words of each.
A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten
31.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things ____.
A.has broken into; has been stolen
B.had broken into; had been stolen
C.has been broken into; stolen
D.had been broken into; stolen
32.The volleyball match will be put off if it____.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
33.Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
34.The students _____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.
A. had written; left B. were writing; has left
C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left
35. — Have you moved into the new house
— No yet, the rooms _____,
A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
36. — We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
— What do you suppose ____ to her
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. having happened
37. — Do you know our town at all
— No, this is the first time I _____ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
38. — We could have walked to the station.It was so near.
— Yes, A taxi _____ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
39.If city noises _____ from increasing, people _____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
40.Tom _____ into the house when no one _____.
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked