【拔高版】【中考英语重难点语法复习专题】第五讲：特殊句（含习题+答案）

第五讲：特殊句
倒装句
全部倒装：全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
1. here, there, no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w, then, thus等副词置句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表来去或状态的动词。
2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
3. 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。
4. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。
部分倒装:部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1．句首为否定或半否定的词语。
如no, not, never, seld ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time决不, by no means, on no account, in no case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, not until… 等。
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。即：后倒前不倒。
2．以否定连词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，前倒后不倒。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。
如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构
→ Not only you but also I am fond of music。
　
3．so, neither, nor作部分倒装。
表示另一主语“也…样”时，用“S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不…样”时，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。　　　　
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
　
4．only在句首倒装的情况。only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
→ Only when he is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。
There be
基本认识There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
there be 句型的时态。
be可以有现在时（there is/are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)；还可用there must be, there can’t be, there used to be等。
there be 句型的主谓一致：
There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。
there be 句型用的其他动词：
there be中有时不用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be , happen to be等。
注意事项：there b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e 句型与have句型的区别
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。
He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
There are two men in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
There be 句型其他用法：
There + be + 主语+( for sb) to do
There are still many things for us to do. 我们还有很多的事情要做。
There was a meeting to attend the next day. 第二天有场会议要参加。
There + be + 主语+ doing
There were many students holding an opposite view. 有很多学生持相反意见
There's a river flowing through the city. 有条河在这座城市里流过
There + be + 主语+ done
There were tree ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s planted by students all over the mountain. 满山都是学生们种的树。
There will be a ceremony intended to promote the sales.将有场为促销而设的庆典。
There + be + 主语+ 定语从句
There are many people who don't agree. 有很多人不同意
有时我们需要说一些强调或表达强烈感 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情的句子，比如用来表示说话人喜悦、愤怒、哀伤、惊奇等强烈感情及情绪，这些句子被称为感叹句。在感叹句中，经常采用what和how引导，句末用感叹号。How interesting！
What a difference a day makes！
How he wished that Chang'e could come back！
What bad luck！
感叹句
what引导的感叹句结构
1. What + a/an + adj.（形容词）+ 可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
What a wonderful day it is !
What an interesting book it is!
2. What + adj.（形容词）+ 可数名词复数+主语+谓语！
What beautiful flowers they are!
What nice pictures they are!
3. What + adj.（形容词）+不可数名词+主语+谓语！
What bad weather it is !
What delicious food it is!
how引导的感叹句结构
1. How + adj.（形容词）+主语+谓语！
How happy your father is!
How cold it is today!
2. How + adv.（副词）+主语+谓语！
How well she draws!
How fast he is running!
3. How +主语+谓语！
How I wanted to see you!
How I miss you!
4. How + adj.（形容词）+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
How good an example she has set for us! 她为我们树立了多好的榜样啊！
How beautiful a lake it is! 多漂亮的湖啊！
How foolish a man he is! 他是个多么愚蠢的人啊！
方法技巧归纳
仔细观察后你就会发现，
在感叹句的主语前若还有名词存在时，用What来引导；
在感叹句的主语前若无名词时，则用How来引导；
但在“How +形容词+ a / an +名词单数+主谓！”中不可用What，因为此句中强调了形容词。
what感叹句和how感叹句有时可以互换。
He is a nice man. 其感叹句由两种形式：
→ What a nice man he is! = How nice a man he is!
感叹句也是句子，只不过把强调部分放在了句首。它也有主语和谓语，有时候主语和谓语被省略了，我们可以把主语和谓语补上。
强调句型
是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能为听者或读者恰当的理解，必须突出重要的内容，这就需要运用强调的手段。
语法手段
1. 通过改变句子结构或颠倒正常语序的手段来进行强调。
Happy are those who are content. 知足常乐。
Never will China ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国决不会第一个使用核武器。
Across the river lies a newly-built bridge. 河上有一座新建的桥。
Hero as he is, he still remains modest. 尽管他是英雄，他仍然很谦虚。
2. 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词。
Do come early. 一定早点来。
He does know Beijing well. 他的确熟悉北京。
He did tell me about it yesterday. 他昨天的确告诉了我这件事。
it引导的强调结构
“It is + 被强调部分 + ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thatwho + 句子其他部分”是使用最广的强调句型。除了谓语动词不能强调外，句子中其它成分，如主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语都可以用该句型中加以强调。
用强调结构强调句子成分
1．强调主语
被强调的主语是人时，可用It is/was ... that/who ...，但如果被强调的部分既包括人又包括物，只能用that。
He bought a camera yesterday.
→ It was he that/who bought a camera yesterday. 是他昨天买了一架照相机。
The famous writer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and his works have aroused great interest among the students.
→ It is the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amous writer and his works that have aroused great interest among the students.
在学生中引起极大的兴趣的正是这位著名作家以及他的作品。
注意：强调“I”时谓语动词的变化形式。
→ It is I who am to blame.
→ It is me who is to blame. 是我该受到责怪。（非正式文体）
2. 强调宾语
She helped me yesterday.
→ It was me thatwhom she helped yesterday. 昨天她帮助的人是我。
They often talk about the school and the teachers.
→ It is the school an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the teachers that they often talk about. 他们经常谈论的是学校和老师。
3. 强调宾语补足语
We elected him chairman of the meeting.
→ It was chairman of the meeting that we elected him. 我们选他是做会议的主席。
We painted the wall white.
→ It was white that we painted the wall. 我们把墙漆成的是白色。
4. 强调状语
英语中的状语种类很多,一般都可以用It is/was ... that ...来强调。
例如强调时间状语
He left his hometown for Taiwan in his teens. 他十几岁时就离开家乡去了台湾。
→ It was in his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teens that he left his hometown for Taiwan. 他是在十几岁时离开家乡去台湾的。
提示 如果强调由not…until till 引导的时间状语时，要注意否定前移。
He didn't return to his hometown until after liberation.
→ It was not until af ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter liberation that he returned to his hometown. 他是解放后才回到他家乡的。
⑧with without 复合结构
“with without+名词代词+其他成分”这种结构，也可以放在It iswas ... that 中，成为被强调的部分。
He was waiting f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or his son at the gate, with an umbrella in his hand.
→ It was with an umbre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lla in his hand that he was waiting for his son at the gate.
他是手里拿着一把伞在门口等待着他的儿子。
She felt very nervous, with the teacher standing beside her.
→ It was with th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e teacher standing beside her that she felt very nervous.
是有老师站在她旁边，她才感到很紧张的。
what引导的强调结构
用“what从句 + be + 被强调成分”或“被强调成分 + be + what从句”表示强调。
John wants a good rest. 约翰想要好好休息一下。
--What John wants is a good rest. 约翰想要的是好好休息一下。
或： A good rest is what John wants. 好好休息一下正是约翰想要的事。（比较少见）
I'd like you to work on Exercise Two on Page 38. 我要你们做38页上的练习二。
-- What I'd like y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou to work on is Exercise Two on Page 38. 我要你们做的作业是38页上的练习二。
I need two books. 我要两本书。
-- What I need are two books. 我要的是两本书。（注意谓语动词的数）
注意：
在这种强调句型中，除了what外，人们很少使用其他连词。
避免说：Where you sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould play football is the play ground, not the classroom.
最好说：The place w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here you should play football is the playground, not the classroom.
你们踢足球的地方是操场，而不是教室。
第五讲课堂练习
练习一
1. —____________ good time we had at the party last night!
—Yes. It was __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__________ exciting party that I would never forget it.
A. What；so B. How；such C. What a；such an D. How a；so an
2. ____________ the flower is! Do you know who bought it
A. How nice B. What nice C. What a nice D. How a nice
3. ____________ role ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. What an int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eresting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. How interesting
4. ____________ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
5. —I traveled to Africa last summer and I saw a lot of wild animals.
—____________ unforgettable experience you had!
A. What a B. How C. What an D. What
6. ____________ good advice! It's so helpful to us.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
7. ____________ beautiful the music they are playing sounds! ____________ excellent players!
A. How；What an B. How；What C. What；what D. What；How an
8. —Most pare ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts are worried that their children can't enter their ideal university in Jiang Su.
—Sure. Listen! ____________ important news report the man from Education Department is giving!
A. What an B. What C. What a D. How
练习二
1.—All of my clas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )smates have passed the PE test.—____________ exciting the news is!
A. How B. What C. What an D. How an
2. —____________ fresh air it is now!—Yes. ____________ go out for a walk.
A. How; Let ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. What a; Let's C. What; Let’s D. How; Let us
3. —It is reported tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t a kind of new smart phones can test the air quality(质量) around you.
—____________ fast the technology develops!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
4. —____________ conve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nient it is to live in China!—Yes, we've got WeChat, shared bikes, Alipay, etc.
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
5. —____________ fin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e weather it is! Let's go for a walk. —Sounds like a great idea.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
6.—Volunteers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from Lantian Saving Team have saved many travelers in the mountains. —______ they are!
A. How great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a man B. How great men C. What a great man D. What great men
7.____________ exciting boat race it was! Many people watched it.
A. What a B. What an C. How D. How a
8. —____________ exciting the speech about ＂Belt and Road＂ was! —Of course! It was a really great inspiration to the world.
A. How B. What C. How a D. What an
9. —I'm afra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id I can't come to your wedding, Julia. —____________! But why
A. How happy B. How lucky C. What a pity D. What nice news
10. ____________ important it is for kids to imagine freely!
A. What B. How C. How an D. What an
11.—People choose ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )high-speed train or self-driving to travel on holidays.
—____________ fast the traditional travel ways change!
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
12. —Have you heard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that Lin Tao saved his neighbor from a big fire last night
—Yes. ____________ brave young man he is!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
练习三
1. It is important ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________________ people ________________ learn team spirit.
A. of; of B. of; to C. for, to D. to; to
2. It's a long time ago ________________ I saw you last time.
A. when B. since C. for D. that
3. It's time ________________.
A. to go to home B. to go home C. going to home D. going home
4. ________________ important to learn English well.
A. That's B. It's C. It has D. That has
5. It was beca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )use I was caught in the traffic jam ________ I came to school late this morning.
A. which B. when C. what D. that
6. Great changes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have taken place since then in the primary school _________I am studying.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
7. It was because I like you ________________ I speak out frankly.
A. that B. why C. because D. who
8. I didn't know it was Sunday ________________ I got to school.
A. because B. when C. after D. until
9. ________________ is important for all of us ________________ English loudly in the morning.
A. It; to read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. That; to read C. It; reading D. That; reading
10. —It was _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__ who helped us out of danger.—What brave and helpful children! We should learn from them.
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
11. —Peter doesn't know many people here. —________________.
A. So do I B. So am I C. Neither am I D. Neither do I
12. Between the two hills ________________ a deep river.
A. are B. have C. has D. is
13. I never go to school late; ________________.
A. so does To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m B. neither does Tom C. so Tom does D. neither Tom does
14. —Our town ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s changed a lot in the last few years. —________________.
A. So theirs di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d B. So has theirs C. So theirs has D. So did theirs
15. —I'm not goin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g swimming tomorrow afternoon. —______. I have to clean up my bedroom.
A. So am I B. Neither am I C. Neither I am D. So I am
练习四
1. Only yesterday ________________ find out that his purse was lost.
A. he was B. was he C. did he D. he did
2. There ____ six countries in SCO(上合组织) at first, but now the number has increased to eight.
A. is B. are C. were D. will be
3.—Lucy is quite a lovely girl. —________________.
A. So is she B. So she is C. So does she D. So she does
4. I ________________ you can finish the exam in two hours.
A. does believe B. do believe C. did believed D.do believed
5. —Peter shut his mouth at the meeting all the time. How about Tom
—________________.
A. He does so B. He did so C. So does he D. So did he
6. －I haven't s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On stranger Tides. －________________.
A. Neither have I B. So have I C. Neither I have D. So I have
7. —I have changed my job. —________________.
A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have
8. —Peter, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will visit our teacher this Sunday. —_________. Let's go together.
A. Nor do I B.I will so C. So will I
9. —Mr. Brown ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is a hardworking man and he has achieved great success. —________________
A. So is Mr. Gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een. B. So has Mr. Green. C. It's the same with Mr. Green.
10.—I don't like horror films. They’re terrible.
—________________
A. Either I do. B. Neither I do. C. Either do I. D. Neither do I.
练习五
1． It was Li Ming ___________ saved the boy.
A. who B. whom C. which D. what[
2．An awful accident ________， however, occur the other day.
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
3．It was lack of money, not of effort, ________ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as C. that D. What
4．It was until last year that he ___________.
A. left his hometown for a new start
B. came to realize the important of learning English
C. worked as an English teacher at a middle school
D. set out to build a new house of his town21世纪教育网
5．–David has made great progress recently. – ______, and ______.
A. So he has; so you have B. So has he; so you have
C. So he has; so have you D. So has he; so have you
6．--- Is it se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rious, doctor -- No, nothing serious. But it's important for you __ less meat.
A. eating B. to eat C. eat C. ate
7．—The actor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )donated a lot of money. 　　　　 a generous man he is! —　　　　.
A．What; So is he B．What; So he is C．How; So is he D．How; So he is
8．It is reported ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that _______ people in the world are suffering from the H1N1 flu.
A. ten thousand of B. ten thousands C. thousands of D. ten thousands of
9．Is _______ necessary_______ the workers wear uniforms at work
A. it, for B. this, to C. it, that D. that,it
10．__________ his work was still as it had been
A. It was why that B. Why is that C. It is why that D. Why was it that
第五讲课后练习
练习一
1. _____ bea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utiful the East lake is! Last month, President Xi showed Prime Minister Modi around the beautiful lake.
A. How a B. What C. How D. What a
2. Hainan will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )become a free trade port. ____________ exciting news it is!
A. What an B. What C. How D. What a
3. ____________ big success the charity show was! We have raised a lot of money.
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
4. ___big suc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cess Stephen Hawking is! He’s one of the best-known scientists on space and time in the world.
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
5. —____________ lovel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y the weather is!—Yes. ____________ good time we are having!
A. How; What B. What a; How C. How; What a D. What; What a
6. ____________ useful robot it is! It can help with the housework like a human servant.
A. What B. What a C. What an D. How
7. —____________ exciting the movie Strangers on a Trainis! —Sure, I have seen it three times.
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
8. ____________ heavily it is raining now!
A. What B. How C. What a
9. -____ crowded Qingl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iang East Road is! -Yes, because the number of cars has kept ___greatly since April.
A. What a; ri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sing B. How a; raising C. How; rising D. What; raising
10. —Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.
—____________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
11.—____________ fine day! Shall we go for a walk —That sounds great!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
12. ____________ black clouds in the sky! I think it’s going to rain.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
练习二
1. ________________ is important for all of us ________________ English loudly in the morning.
A. It; to read B. That; to read C. It; reading D. That; reading
2. It was because I like you ________________ I speak out frankly.
A. that B. why C. because D. who
3. Great change ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s have taken place since then in the primary school ___ I am studying.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
4. —I hope to visit Beijing one day. —________________.
A. So I do B. So do I C. Yes, I hope to do D. Yes, I will
5. —Jim and I will g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o to the post office this afternoon. —______. ________ go together
A. So I do; Why don't B. So do I; What about
C. So I will; How about D. So will I; Shall we
练习三
1．---In recent year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s more and more Indians like traveling in Asia during May Day. --- .
A. So do we Chinese B. Neither do we Chinese
C. So we Chinese do D. Neither we Chinese will
2．—Wow. It is rather cold today. —Yes. ____ yesterday.
A. So it is B. So it was C. So was D. So is it.
3．I think it's good _____ us _____ eat healthy food.
A. for ; to B. for; for C.to; for D. to; to
4．It is important people learn team spirit.
A. of; of B. of; to C. for, to D. to; to
5．---It was ____ who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )helped us out of danger.---What brave and helpful children! We should learn from them.
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
6．--- _______ use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ful tool the computer is! --- I agree. It's ________ interesting as well.
A. What a; / B. How a; the C. What an; / D. How an; the
7．It was because I like you ______ I speak out frankly.
A. that B. why C. because D. who
参考答案
第五讲：特殊句
课堂练习
练习一：1.D 2. A 3. A 4. A 5.C 6. C 7. B 8. A
练习二：1. A 2. C 3.C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11.B 12. D
练习三：1.C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8.D 9.A 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. B
练习四：1. C 2. C 3.B 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D
练习五：1.A 2.B 3.C 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D
课后练习
练习一：1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6.B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. A
练习二：1. A 2. A 3. B 4.B 5.D
练习三：1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．A
Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
There are thousands of people on the square.
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
There stands a little girl.
Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。
Wish you good luck. 祝你好运。
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。
　 ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。
Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。（only+介词短语）
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.（only+副词）
Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.（only+状语从句）
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
结构：There be+人/物+其他+地点状语
There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语
There are +复数名词+地点状语
→ What +形容词+名词+主语+谓语
→ How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语