【拔高版】【中考英语重难点语法复习专题】第三讲：复合句&定语从句（含习题+答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第三讲：复合句：定语从句
专题概述：
复合句即主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以上从句构成。主句为句子主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
语法考点：
1. 复合句的引导词
2. 复合句的时态
3. 复合句的省略
3.1复合句的引导词
复合句连接词的选择，是中考必考题，分值为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2-3分。主要出现在完形填空，语法填空和改错题中。考生需要掌握的复合句包括定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句以及部分主语从句和表语从句。
3.1.1定语从句
考点一：关系代词和关系副词的选择
考点二：who which that的特殊用法
考点三：定语从句涉及的主谓一致
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；
关系副词有where, when, why等
定语从句的概念和位置
在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。21·cn·jy·com
e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage 【出处：21教育名师】
This is the museum which was built last year.
先行词和关系代词
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；
e.g.: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
先行词 关系代词（在从句中做主语）
The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.
先行词 关系代词（做主语）
Let's find a place where we can have a picnic.
先行词 关系副词（地点状语）
先行词＋关系词＋从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
普通代词只起替代作用。关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。
That引导的定语从句
That 可以指人也可以指物，在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提到前面，指物用which指人用whom
e.g.: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept.
We need a person that is right for the job.
The picture (that) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.21教育名师原创作品
Which引导的定语从句
Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which可以省略（放介词后除外）：
e.g.: The river whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously.
The story (which) he told was very popular.
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
Who，whom引导的定语从句
二者都用于指人。Who在定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）
e.g.: ---We are proud of Mo Yan.
---Yes. He is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) great writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.
e.g.: Her sister married a man (who/whom) she met on a plane.
注意：先行词为one, ones, anyone 或those 时，定语从句中的关系代词用who
e.g.: God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。
重点提醒: whom在定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替：e.g.: The person to who you just talked is Deep.(错误) 应该为to whom
或者可以这样表达：The person who/whom you just talked to is Deep. （正确）
在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替，但who不用于介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替。
Whose引导的定语从句
Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。
e.g.: Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
提升：“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of which/whom”或者“of which/whom+限定词+名词”来替代。
e.g.: He lives in a house whose windows face south.21·世纪*教育网
==He lives in a house whose windows face south.
==He lives in a house the windows of which face south.
另：whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以有限定词。
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词。
when引导定语从句
when指时间，在定语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，week等表示时间的名词。此时时常可用on which，in which，during which等替代。
e.g.: April the first is the day when people make fun of others.
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
注意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用when。
where引导的定语从句
where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的先行词常为place，house，country等表示地点的名词。此时常可以用in which，at which等替代。
e.g.: Last year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my parents went to the farm where they worked 30years ago.
先行词 关系副词作地点状语，相当于in which
Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.
先行词 关系副词作地点状语，相当于at which
why引导的定语从句
why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason，此时常可以用for which来代替。
e.g.: I know the reason why she left you.
先行词 关系副词作原因状语
Please tell me the reason why she is crying so badly.
注意：先行词是the reason，关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )系副词why在定语从句中充当原因状语。但是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why，要用that或which引导。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
定语从句中的注意事项：
① 只用that不用which的情况；
A. 先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时
先行词是anything，everyt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing，nothing，few，all, none, little, some等，或者由every， any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that不用which。
e.g.: Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said
Any man that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doesn’t have a sense of duty can’t do the thing well.
B.先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时
e.g.: The first thing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics.
I have found the best way that could finish the test.
C.先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时
e.g.: He was wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tching the children and parcels that filled with the car.
Jack took photog ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raphs of the things and people that he was interested in.21cnjy.com
D. 当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g.: Who is the person that is standing at the gate
Which is the bike that you lost
E. 先行词前有the only，the very等修饰时
e.g.: This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.2·1·c·n·j·y
After the fire, the old car was the only thing that he owned.
注意：
当主语是以here，there开头且先行词是指物的名词时，用that而不用which引导。
e.g.： Here is the book that you are looking for.
口诀记忆：
只用that的情况：the only，the very，the same，no，any先行词即有人又有物，高级，不定和序数。
② 只用which不用that的情况
A. 关系代词前有介词且指物时
e.g.: I’m looking fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r a container in which I can put all these peaches.
A zoo is a park ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
B. 先行词本身就是that时
e.g.: I don’t like that which he did.
What is that which is on the ground
C. 引导非限定性定语从句时
非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。
e.g.: Footba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
Their house was washed away by the floods, which made them sad.
另：
限定性定语从句即我们初中阶段所学的定语从句，定语从句和先行词之间的关系密切，不用逗号隔开，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等，不能去掉。
非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉后不影响主句的意义。
③ 定语从句中的主谓一致
这里指关系代词在定语从句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )做主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一致的问题。先行词时单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数。
e.g.: The man who is playing football is my PE teacher.
I love singers who write their own music.
要点提升：
“One of + 复数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；“the only/very/right one of + 复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.: Tom is one of the students who were awarded.
Tom is the only one of the students who was awarded.
④ “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择
A. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断
一般定语从句谓语动词如果是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；如果是不及物动词就用关系副词。
e.g.: This is the factory that/which I visited last year.
This is the factory where I used to work.
小贴士：定语从句中究竟用关系代词还是用关系副词，把握好一个原则：弄清楚它在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语，即用关系副词，反之则用关系代词。
B. 根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断
分析定语从句缺失何种成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语），如果缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词；缺少状语用关系副词。
e.g.: Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago
Visited 后面缺少宾语
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held
Was held后面缺少地点状语
⑤ “介词+关系代词”的用法
有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中个关系代词可用which，whose，whose，whom，不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定。
e.g.: This is the house of which I spoke.
Is this the car for which you paid a high price 【版权所有：21教育】
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
注意：介词在定语从句句尾，可以省略作宾语的关系代词，而如果介词在定语从句前面时，不能省略作宾语的关系代词。
重点：有些“动词+介词”，如look for，look after，call on等不可拆开，不可把介词置于关系代词之前。
e.g.: It is the book for which she was looking. (╳)
which she was looking for(√)
the babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (╳)
whom the nurses are looking after(√)
小贴士：
“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的选择可根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
e.g.: I’ll never forge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the time during which (= during the time) I spent my childhood in the country.
定语从句课堂练习
1．He is the man I suppose is able to do such a thing.
A．who B．to whom C．it D．which
2．All the doctors can do is to prolong the patient's life.
A．what B．which C．不填 D．but
3．It was an e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xciting moment for those football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A．that B．while C．which D．when2-1-c-n-j-y
4．He tried to get out of the business, he found impossible.
A．but B．while C．which D．it
5．The back garden ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of our house has a lawn（草坪）， very pleasant to sit on in summer.
A．that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is B．which it is C．it is D．where it is 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
6． is know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n to all, good friends happiness and value to life.
A．It ; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) add B．As ; add C．It ; add up D．As ; add to
7．The young mother saw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) her baby fall to the ground, brought her heart to her mouth.
A．it B．and which C．and that D．this
8．Mr. Green drove slow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly on the way home until it reached the highway, the speed limit was 60 miles per hour.
A．because B．which C．where D．that
9．Is this drawer you used to put important papers while you acted as Chairman of the club
A．where B．which C．the one D．in which
10．If you have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )taste for exciting adventures, you may join the group of men is to explore the mysteries（奥秘）of the deep sea.
A．their work B．who C．of which D．whose work
11．Mr. Lu Xun, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) some of works we had read, was one of the greatest writers in the world.
A．his B．whose C．whom D．the
12．On sale a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t that shop is a new type of computer, makes it so attractive to students.
A．which B．bec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ause its cheap price C．its low price D．the low price of which
13．She is such a kind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-hearted lady all the people in the town show respect for.
A．that B．whom C．so that D．as
14．The film brought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A．when B．that C．until D．where
15．The pilot las ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t touch with the base, the plane crashed in the desert.
A．by means ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of which B．for which C．because of that D．as a result of which
16．In the nuclear p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ower station we use generator（发电机） is used in the common steam power station.
A．the same ; as B．such ; as C．so ; as D．as ; as
17．Anyway, that even ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing, _________I will tell you more about later, ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which21*cnjy*com
18. The journe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
19. He has got h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imself into a dangerous situation _______ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
20. I can thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nk of many cases _______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
21. He made another wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.
A. which I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) think is B. Which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
22. Jack hid hims ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elf behind the door ________ he still could see what would happen to his classmate.
A. there B. which C. from which D. from where
23. We have 1,600 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teachers in our college, ________200 are foreigners.
A. whose ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. in them C. of them D. more than
24. The town ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is no longer _______it was five years ago, ________ it was quite dirty.
A. what, whi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch B. that, which C. what, when D. that, where
25. He is _______is kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )own as a hacker(黑客)------he likes to show off on the Internet and attack websites.
A. who B. what C. that D. which
26. Madam Curie, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for _______life had once been very hard, was successful later.
A. whom B. which C. whose D. that
27. Is this the r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eason _________at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
A. why he explained B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). what he explained C. how he explained D. he explained
28. Beijing gover ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nment puts more than 7OO million yuan to increase its green space this year ， _______doubles the money provided last year.
A. As B. while C. that D. which
29. ----Whose over ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )coat is it ----Maybe it's Julia's. She likes to wear, _______was very uncommon in this small country, a bright red overcoat.
A. what B. which C. it D. that
30. The hours ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ the children spend in their on-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
定语从句课后练习
【课后练习一】
1. —What are you looki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng for —I'm looking for a book _____ tells the history of England.
A. which B. who C. what D. where
2. —What are you d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oing —I'm reading the book ______ you lent me last week.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A. what B. who C. when D. that
3. —Why do you c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )all him Mr. Knowledgeable —Because he knows almost everything __ we want to know.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
4. —I heard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that Shao Yifu passed away.—Yes, he is a great man ___ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
5. No one knows _______________ in the future.
A. what will be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )happen B. what will happen C. what will it happen D. what it will happen
6. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do.
A .what B. that C. what D. which
7. —In a text mes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sage, 88 means Bye-bye. —And another example is F2F ____ stands for face to face.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
8. After Mande ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )la was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people ___ wanted to kill him.
A. whose B. which C. / D. who
9. The book in _______________ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
10. He always for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gets all the things _______________ he needs to do.
A .what B. that C. that what D. which
11. —Did you travel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anywhere this vacation —Yes. I was shown around an old house __ was built in 1806.
A. where B. what C. that
12. Someone _______________ you know might really need the money.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
13. This is the best show _______________ I have seen so far.
A. when B. what C. that
14. The man _______________ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who
【课后练习二】
1. —Only You is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )TV program ___ is popular with most young people.—Yes, it is definitely true.
A. that B. whose C. what D. who
2.You are talented ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )young adults _______________ are full of hope for the future.
A. which B. when C. who D. where
3. —What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV
—It's a great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) TV show _____ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. that
4. —Do you know the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) man ___ is talking with our Chinese teacher —Yes. He is my uncle, Mr. King.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
5. My grandparents like stories _______________ have happy endings.
A. they B. who C. which D. /
6. —Why are you s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o worried —I've lost the watch __ my dad bought me on my birthday.
A. what B. who C. whose D. which
7. Ode to Joy（《欢乐颂》）is a TV play _______________ many people like.
A. why B. that C. who
8. A kind of s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hared bike _______________ is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.
A. it B. who C. which
9. —Which song d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o you like better, Maria —I prefer the song Manual of Youth ___ is sung by TFBOYS.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where
10.The students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )love the teachers _______________ can make their lessons fun.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
【课后练习三】
1. I've become good f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year21教育网
A. whom B. whose C. which D. where
2. Every time I go to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ask him for help, he always says, ＂There's nothing ____ I can do for you. Go to ask somebody else.＂
A. that B. which C. what D. how
3. The earth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is the only planet ___ provides us with everything we need. It’s our duty to protect it.
A. who B. what C. that D. how
4.She is talking about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the school and teachers _______________ we visited last month.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
5.It is the school ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rooftop _______________ a group of Shanghai students have grown vegetables.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
6. I'll never f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orget the poor school _______________ I visited three years ago.
A. which B. where C. Who
7.I still rem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ember the college and the teachers ______ I visited in London two years ago.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
8.—Do you kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w the little boy ___ is helping the old man cross the road —No. But how nice he is!
A. which B. who C.whom D. \
9. Who is the lady _______________ is standing under the tree
A.who B.whose C.which D.that21*cnjy*com
10. The woman _______________ son won the first prize in the competition was very proud.
A. who B. which C. whose C. how
11. 句型转换。
（1）The girl is my cousin. The girl is wearing glasses. （改为定语从句）21世纪教育网版权所有
The girl _______________ wearing g1asses is my cousin.
（2）Zhai zhigang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )became the first Chinese astronaut to walk in space. （改为定语从句）
Zhai zhigang bec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame the first Chinese astronaut _______________ _______________ in space.
（3）The girl with a flower in her hand is my sister. （改为含定语从句的复合句）
The girl _______________ _______________ a flower in her hand is my sister.
（4）That’s quite a beau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tiful house. I used to live in it. （合并成含有定语从句的复合句）
The house _______________ I used to live in _______________ quite beautiful.
（5）The man with a pair of glasses is my physics teacher. （改为定语从句）
The man _______________ _______________ a pair of glasses is my physics teacher.
参考答案
第三讲：复合句
定语从句课堂练习
1-5 ACDCB 6-10 BCCAD
11-15 BDDAD 16-20 ADAAD
21-25 DCCBA 26-30 ADDBA
定语从句课后练习
【课后练习一】
1.A 2.D 3. C4. A5. B6. B7. A8. D9.C10. B11. C12. C13. C14. Bwww.21-cn-jy.com
【课后练习二】
1.A2.C3. D4. B5. C6. D7. B8. C9. A10. B
【课后练习三】
1.A2. A3. C4. D5. D6. A7. D8. B9. D10.C
11. 句型转换。
（1）who/that is（2）th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at walked（3）who/that has/holds（4）which, is（5）who/that wears/has
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