【拔高版】【中考英语重难点语法复习专题】第三讲：复合句&同位语从句（含习题+答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第三讲：复合句：同位语从句
专题概述：
复合句即主从复合句，由一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主句和一个或一个以上从句构成。主句为句子主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
语法考点：
1. 复合句的引导词
2. 复合句的时态
3. 复合句的省略
3.1复合句的引导词
复合句连接词的选择，是中考必考题，分值为2- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )3分。主要出现在完形填空，语法填空和改错题中。考生需要掌握的复合句包括定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句以及部分主语从句和表语从句。
3.1.4名词性从句3：同位语从句
从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，它们之间的关系是同位关系。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
同位语：一个名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
1. 名词作同位语　　
Mr Wang, my child's teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.【出处：21教育名师】
王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
2.短语作同位语　　
I, the oldest gi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rl in the family, always had to care for the other children.
我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3. 直接引语作同位语
But now the question c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone ”
但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”
4. 句子作同位语　　
The girls were surpris ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.
巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语从句用法　
一般来说，在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
▼同位语从句常修饰的名词（同位语从句先行词）
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，可以被同位语从句修饰的多是含有抽象意义的名词。常用的有：
●advice 建议
●belief 信念、相信
●doubt 怀疑
● explanation 解释
● fear 害怕
●fact事实
●hope 希望
● idea 想法、主意
●news 消息
●order 命令
●opinion 观点
●possibility 可能性
●promise 答应、诺言
●problem 问题
●question 问题
●report 报道
●reply 答复
●statement 论断
●suggestion 建议
●thought 想法
●truth 事实
●wish 愿望
●warning 警告
●word 消息
代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词
这个it常放在某些动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )或短语动词后作宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。 21cnjy.com
有的把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。
一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。
You must see to it that the children don't catch cold.你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。www.21-cn-jy.com
(=You must see to it, and It is that the children don't catch cold.)
一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
They were delighted at the news that their team had won.
当听到他们队获胜的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开
The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.
他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。
同位语从句引导词　
同位语从句引导词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )，引导同位语从句词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。
1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）
The idea that you can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.21教育名师原创作品
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He gabbed his suitcas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 2·1·c·n·j·y
他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
The question whethe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 21*cnjy*com
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
3. 连接代词引导同位语从句　what, who, whom, whose, which
I have no idea what size shoes she wears. （what作定语）
I have no idea wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ich wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste. （which作定语）
The question who wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）
4. 连接副词引导同位语从句 when, where, how, why
We haven’t yet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
同位语从句前名词的数　
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？
同位语从句的语气　　 　　
在suggestion，advice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.
老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
同位语从句-特殊形式
1.间隔同位语从句
同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。
A warm thought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday
简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句
2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )。
She made a re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quest that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。
简析：suggestion，o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rder，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。
3.短语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )及固定句式后的同位语从句
I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。
简析：短语On condi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There BE+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。
同位语从句与定语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )的区别
1．意义的不同　　
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。
(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。21*cnjy*com
(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)
2. 引导词的不同　what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。
3. 引导词的功能上的不同　　
that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )，要么充当定语从句主语，要么充当定语从句宾语。如上例 that he told us中that就充当told的宾语。 21教育网
4. 被修饰词语的区别　　
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：
I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I’ll never forget th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句）
同位语从句课堂练习
用适当的连接词填空：
It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.
2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.
3.____the doctor rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly doubts is____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4.It is hoped____nature will never be destroyed.
5.____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow
6.-- I drove to Z ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )huhai for the air show last week.-- Is that ____ you had a few days off
7. Word came____I was wanted at the office.
8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster
9.The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.
10. It's generall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.21·世纪*教育网
单项选择
It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that
2. Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting.
A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether
3.--What are you anxious about -- ____
A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed
C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed
4.The reason ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because
5. ____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person
6.I really don't know _____I had this photo taken.
A. where it was tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why
7. Dr. Black com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember ____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
8.--What do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you think of China --____different life is today from ____it used to be.
A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that
9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
10.____troubles m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
11.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A.that B.what C.why D.which
12.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A.that B.what C.which D.why
13.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A.what B.that C.why D.when
14.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A.which B.that C./ D.it
15.I have no idea ____ he will start.
A.when B.that C.what D./
16.I've come from the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A.if B.that C.whether D.which
17.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.when B.which C.what D.that
18.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. 【版权所有：21教育】
A.which B.whether C.that D.what
19.The nurses are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A.that B.as C.of which D.which
20.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A.whether B.where C.that D.when
同位语从句课后练习
选择题
1. One of them held the view __ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether
2. The reason ___ he has to go is ___ his mother is ill in bed.
A, why ; why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. why; because C. why ; that D. that ; because
3. They received ord ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers ___ the work must be done right away.
A. which B. that C. / D. when
4. You can take the seat____ is free.
A. which B. that C. where D. in which
5. The film broug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D .where
6. That's the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) only thing ___ he can do now
A. which B. all C. that D. what
7. Information ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
8. Along with the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etter was his promise ___ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
9. There is a ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w problem involved in the popularity of private cars __ road conditions need ____.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved 2-1-c-n-j-y
C. where; improving D. when; improving
请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。
1. They express ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon.
2. The fact _______ he didn't see Tom this morning is true.
3. Word has c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week.
4. He can’t answer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday.
5. Do you hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom
6. The problem __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.
下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。
1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.
2. I've come w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith a message from Mr Wang how he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
3. He must answer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the question if he agrees with what she said or not.
4. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.
5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.
把下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。
2. 他经常问我这个问题，那就是这个工作是否值得做。
3. 他什么也不说，这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。
4. 在我看来，他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。
5. 他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。
参考答案
第三讲：复合句
同位语从句课堂练习
1. that 2. what 3. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7.that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever
1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD 11-15 AABBA 16-20 BDCAA
同位语从句课后练习
1-9：CCBACCBBA
I. 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. how 5. what 6. whether21世纪教育网版权所有
II. 1 that→which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. how→that 3. if→whether4. where→that / which或省略where
5. when→that 6. that→how
III. 1. I made a promi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se that I would write to him as soon as I got to Beijing.
2. He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.
3. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
4. In my opinion, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the news (that / which) he told me just now is true．
5. A thought sudde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly came to him that he should have picked up his son.21·cn·jy·com
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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