【基础版】【中考英语必考点语法复习专题】第二讲：名词（含习题+答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第二讲：名词
专题概述：
名词表示人载事物的名称，可以作主语、宾语、表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语、定语或与介词构成介词短语等。历年中考都有对名词的考查，主要考查名词的数及名词的词义，从名词词义的理解和名词与动词的搭配方面设题，同时，题干也会从呼应、对比等方面提供足够的信息，考查考生根据语境理解和判断词义的能力。为此，考生应着重掌握以下知识点:在一定语境中名词的词义辨析;名词与介词构成的介词短语;名词所有格的构成及用法;名词作定语的形式;名词作主语时与谓语动词的主谓一致性。21·cn·jy·com
语法考点：
1. 正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。
2. 可数名词复数形式的构成。
3. 名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。
4. 名词作主语时与谓语动词的主谓一致性。
名词（Noun）
是词类的一种，属于实词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "https: / / baike. / item / %E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D / _blank )。表示人、事、物、地点或抽象 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "https: / / baike. / item / %E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D / _blank )概念的名称。它分为专有名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "https: / / baike. / item / %E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D / _blank )和普通名词。
可数名词：
可数名词的复数形式一般构成规则
可数名词复数形式的不规则构成法
有一部分名词由于历史或词源原因其复数形式的构成法是不规则的。这种情况主要有：
元音字母变化
foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth
goose-geese mouse-mice goose-geese
结尾为-en
child-children
单复数同形
sheep fish Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inese Japanese deer series aircraft head crossroads2-1-c-n-j-y
注意：名词单、复数的一些习惯用法
有些名词一般只用复数形式
常见的有trousers(裤子)，glasses(眼镜)，clothes(衣服)，stairs(楼梯)，chopsticks(筷子)等。
有些以-s结尾的名词，它们不是名词的复数
常见的有maths(数学)，physics(物理)，politics(政治)，works(作品)，means(方法)，news(新闻)。
有些名词(如:people， police等)指多数人，应看作复数。
You may feel comfortable with some people.你与一些人在一起也许会感觉舒服。21教育名师原创作品
The police are looking for the missing child.等察正在寻找那个丢失的孩子。
集体名词看作整体时，应为单数;若看作整体中的各个成员时，应为复数。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
1.My family is a big one.我们家是个大家庭。(指整体)
2.When he came in, my family were watching TV.当他进来时，我们家人在看电视。
3.The football team is very good.这个足球队很好。
4.The team are bathing.队员们在洗澡。
有些名词通常用作单数，表示总体，如hair头 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )发，fruit水果，vegetable蔬菜等，但如果表示若干根头发，若干种水果、蔬菜时，则需用它们的复数形式。
1.My mother's hair is gray.我妈妈的头发花白了。
2.She has a few white hairs.她有一些白头发。
3.The fruit is ripening. 果子在成熟。
4.Her daughter lik ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es pears, peaches and other juicy fruits.她女儿喜欢吃梨、桃和其他多汁水果。
有些可数名词，单复数意思也不相同
注意：同一个名词在不同的语境中有不同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的意思和用法，有时候用作可数名词，有时候用作不可数名词。fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes，而表示同一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同。penny表示便士的“价值”时复数为pence，常与数词搭配起来表示钱数:five pence五便士，ten pence十便士；表示便士的“个数”时复数为pennies。
同一名词，既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，但意思不同
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
不可数名词：
（1）不带冠词的单数形式需用动词单数作谓语。
Knowledge is power．知识就是力量。
（2）由much，little等词修饰。
They have saved much money for future use．他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。
（3）与表示单位的量词如a piece of等连用。
Go and fetch me a piece of chalk．给我去拿一支粉笔。
要十分注意的是：不可数名词不能与不定冠词或数词直接用在一起。 不可数名词可以与量词使用构成不同的词组：
a piece of paper 一张纸
a drop of water 一滴水
a 1oaf of bread 一条面包
a bag of money 一袋钱
a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶
a pair of shoes 一双鞋
名词所有格：
名词的's所有格
主要用在有生命的名词后，但有时也可用在表示时间、自然现象、度量衡、价值、国家、城市等无生命的名词后面。www.21-cn-jy.com
名词的双重所有格
名词的of所有格
第二讲课堂练习
【课时一练习】
一、按要求填空(单词类)
1. pencil(复数) 2. Sunday(复数)
3. Englishman(复数) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 4. Japanese (复数)
二、翻译(单词短语翻译)
5. 八杯水 6. 三筐橘子 2·1·c·n·j·y
7. 房间的三扇窗户 8. 一个小男孩的名字
9. 十分钟的步行路程 10. 四名美国女教师
11. 吉姆和凯特的妈妈 12. 五杯茶 21·世纪*教育网
三、翻译(全句翻译)
13. 桌上有一条裤子。

14. 汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的朋友。

四、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
15. I have a lot of (homework) to do every day. www-2-1-cnjy-com
16. Some (child) are flying (kite) near the river.
17. It is the best one of the (photo) in my family.
18. Are they building any (library) in the city
19. Can you cut this big pear into two (half)
20. After three (month) study, the scientists worked out the physics problem.
21. (tree) are planted in most of the mountain villages.
22. Here is a card for you with our best (wish).
23. There are different (fish) in the sea.
24. Thousand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of people lost their (life) in the disaster(灾难).
25. Could yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u tell me how many (boy student) were there at the party
26. Jim's drawing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is much better than any of his (classmate).
27. This is a (visitor) car. Mine is over there.
五、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)
28. I like a . It's neither hot nor cold.
29. T comes after Monday.
6、适当形式填空(短文适当形式)
The new term i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s coming. Jack needs to buy a lot of 30. (thing) for the new school year. First, he needs some 31. (notebook), a few 32. (pencil), some 33. (clip), a 34. (box) of colour pencils, an 35. (eraser), some 36. (tape) for the English class and a 37. (ruler). Besides, he has to buy two 38. (dictionary) and two 39. (sharpener). Why does he have to buy two Because his twin brother also needs a dictionary and a sharpener.
七、单项选择
40. Can you imagine what life will be like in time 【版权所有：21教育】
A. 20 years' B. 20 year's C. 20-years' D. 20-years
41. --- Hurry up, J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ane! --- Just give me five minutes to put my desk in .
A. time B. line C. order D. shape
42. Peter didn't tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a .
A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note
43. I bought China Daily from a news stand this morning.
A. a page of B. a piece of C. a copy of D. a book of
44. This is bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne's and Jane's C. Anne's and Jane D. Anne and Jane's
45. Two bags are on the table. They're .
A. the twins' B. the twin's C. twins D. twin's
46.Can I help you I'd like for my twin daughters.
A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe
C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes
47. Swimming is in summer.
A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun
48. --- What do y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou have for breakfast --- I often have or .
A. breads; nood ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )les B. bread; noodles C. breads; noodle D. bread; noodle
49. There is a picture my family on the wall.
A. of B. up C. after D. to
50. --- Excuse m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, is the supermarket far from here --- No, it's about .
A. 7 minutes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes' walk D. 7 minute's walk
51. He had something to write down and asked me for .
A. a paper B. som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper
52. There are two in the city.
A. car's factory ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B. car's factories C. factories of car's D. car factories
53. There are only fifty-six in China.
A. people B. peoples C. city D. cities
54. --- Are those ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) --- No, they aren't. They're .
A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows
55. Lots of things a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re made of . We must protect .
A. woods; woods B. wood; wood C. wood; woods D. woods; wood
56. I'm sorry I am late. I hope I didn't cause you .
A. too much trouble ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. so many troubles C. much too trouble D. so more troubles
57. --- Would you l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ike some --- Thank you, but I'm not thirsty.
A. sandwiches B. cakes C. bread D. orange
58. My brother pla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nted many trees on the farm last spring. Two thirds of them are .
A. peach trees B. peaches trees C. peaches tree D. peach tree
59. --- We are thirs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ty. Could you please offer us --- I'd love to.
A. two cup of tea B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) two cups of teas C. two cups of tea D. two cup of teas
60. --- What's in the --- There are some in them.
A. photos; potatoes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B. photoes; potatos C. photoes; potatoes D. photos; potatos
61. rooms are different. One is small, and the other is big.
A. Mary and Alice's B. Mary's and Alice
C. Mary's and Alice's D. Mary and Alice
62. This computer is .
A. my brother B. my brothers C. my brother's D. my
63. Put on your quickly.
A. a cloth B. the clothes C. cloth D. clothes
64. Our teacher gave me .
A. many advices B. much advices C. many advice D. much advice
65. The often eat grass on that hill.
A. chicken B. horse C. cow D. sheep
66. --- What does your father do, Lily
--- He is . His job is to make sure that drivers obey the traffic rules.
A. an actor B. a policeman C. a waiter D. a reporter【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
67. --- What's your --- I like listening to music.
A. job B. age C. hobby D. fan
68. --- Oh, dear! There isn't enough for us in the lift.
--- No hurry. Let's wait for the next.
A. floor B. seat C. room D. ground
69. --- What a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hot day! I am a bit thirsty. --- Would you like some
A. noodles B. meat C. water D. bread
70. --- Where ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) does your uncle work, Jack --- In a in Paris. He is a policeman.
A. TV station B. book store C. post office D. police station
71. --- Can you give me some on learning English
--- I think you could join an English club.
A. advice B. news C. messages D. information
72. Hangzhou is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to hundreds of foreign friends who are working and studying here.
A. home B. house C. family D. room
73. David visited lots of in the world.
A. places of interesting B. places of interest
C. place of interests D. place of interesting
74. --- How is it from Xi'an to Dunhuang --- It's less than flight.
A. long; hour's B. far; hour's C. long; hours' D. far; hours'
八、单句改错
75. The Sam are going to Beijing with my family.
76. There are many bus in the street.
77. We study qui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te a few subject, such as Chinese, maths and English.
78. This book isn't his. It belongs to Kate's.
79. Few man workers are still working in the factory.
【课时二练习】
九、单项选择
80. The restaurant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is so popular here. Look, there are so many here.
A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter
81. I don't think looking after children is just work.
A. woman B. woman's C. women D. women's
82. --- Would you like some drinks, boys --- Yes, , please.
A. some oranges B. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two boxes of cola
83. There are many playing on the playground.
A. child B. children C. man teachers D. sheeps
84. mothers both work in the same hospital.
A. Tim and Peter' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s B. Tim's and Peter C. Tim's and Peter's D. Tim and Peter
85. I like a lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.
A. fish B. potatoes C. noodles D. tomatoes
86. --- How many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) do we need to make vegetable salad --- Three should be enough.
A. tomatoes B. potato C. bananas D. lemon
87. --- Good morning, madam. Can I help you
--- Sure, I'd like for cooking vegetables.
A. two cups ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of tea B. three pieces of bread C. five kilos of oil D. a glass of water
88. --- Could y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou tell me what's the of it --- Well, it's an triangle. 【出处：21教育名师】
A. time B. date C. shape D. size
89. --- You look v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon
--- I did Christmas shopping.
A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of
90. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news.
A. many B. a few C. much D. few
91. All the teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
92. --- Good news. We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will have a holiday. --- I've heard of it. But it's coming in.
A. five days; three days' time B. five days'; three days
C. five-day; three days D. five days; three-day time
93. --- I'd l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ike grapes and pears. --- Oh, I only need orange juice.
A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few
94. At the end of the match, our school won by 3:2.
A. members B. group C. team D. fans
95. --- Jim is ill. Do you know what's wrong with him
--- Poor boy. His illness is the of eating unhealthy food.
A. result B. cause C. reason D. end
96. The music made me think of the of a running stream.
A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound
97. As there we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re not enough chairs in the park, they had to sit on the .
A. ground B. earth C. land D. field
98. --- Is it an animal --- Right, it's a of the cat family.
A. page B. number C. member D. piece
99. There was on show in the museum.
A. a quite nice cup ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. quite nice a cup C. quite a nice cup D. quite nice cup
100. The now is that I have lots of to ask.
A. problem; question B. question; problems
C. question; problem D. problem; question
101. You'd bette ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r do morning every day. It's good to have lots of
A. exercise; exercise B. exercises; exercise
C. exercise; exercises D. exercises; exercises
102. He told me would come to his birthday party.
A. many Jack friends B. Jack's many friends
C. many Jack's friend D. many friends of Jack's
103. is an industrious nation (勤劳的民族).
A. The Chinese B. The Chineses C. Chinese D. Chineses
104. --- Mum, I am hungry. May I have some
--- Of course. But don't eat too much.
A. bread B. noodle C. dumpling D. hamburger
十、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
105. There are five (pencil box) on the desk.
106. Three (German) are walking on the People's Square.
107. We will have several (exam) this term.
108. These workers are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) going abroad to work for three years. Their (wife) will have to stay at home alone.
109. Our city has a few (zoo).
第二讲课后练习
1）.填入所给名词的正确形式
1.I have two_____(knife)
2.There are many_____here.(box)
3.There are many_____on the road.(bus)
4.A few____boys_are drawing on the wall.(boy)
5.The children____are playing football now.(child)
2）选择填空
1.They come from different______
A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys
2.How many______do you see in the picture
A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato
3.There are some______in these_______.
A.knifes penc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )il-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes
4.There is no______in the plate.
A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs
5._______are good for our health.
A.Tomatos B.Tomatoes C.Tomato C.Tomates
6.I like to eat cake with______.
A.cherries B.cherry C.cherrys D.cherryes
7.______and______are not friends.
A.Foxs…wolfs B.Foxes wolfs C.Foxes…wolves
8.Do you want to drink much
A.a milk B.milk C.milks D.an milk
9.This is room.It’s very big.
A.Lily and Lucy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s B.Lily's and Lucy's C.Lily's and Lucy D.Lily and Lucy's
10.Do you want some for supper
A.a potato B.potatoes C.potatos D.potates
11.In autumn，you can see a lot of on the ground.
A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves
12.My sister has two .One is old，the other is new.
A.a watch B.watchs C.watches D.an watch
13.There on the wall.They are very beautiful.
A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos
14.That’s art book.
A.an B.a C.the D are
15.There two in the box.
A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches21世纪教育网版权所有
3）请用括号中名词的复数形式填空
1．Look at those_______.(child)
2．I can see a__________standing near the door.(policeman)21教育网
3．Do you want some________for dinner (potato)
4．In autumn,you can see a lot of_______on the ground.(leaf)
5．He has two_______.One is blue,the other is yellow.(box)
6．Two________live in this building.(family)
4）选择正确的词形
1．How many (radioes,radios)can you see
2．There are 36 (boys,boies)in my class.
3．Look at those (sheeps,sheep).
4．I don't want (a,an)old cup.
5．Give me that (box,boxes),please.
5）将以下单复数句进行转换
1.This is a knife.
___________________________________
2.That is a tomato.
___________________________________
3.That child is very good.
___________________________________
4.These are mice.
___________________________________
5.Those are children.
___________________________________
参考答案
第二讲：名词
课堂练习
【课时一练习】
1、按要求填空(单词类)
1. pencils 2. Sundays 3. Englishmen 4. Japanese
二、翻译(单词短语翻译)
5. eight glasses of water 6. three baskets of oranges 21*cnjy*com
7. three windows of the room 8. the name of a boy/a boy's name
9. ten minutes' walk 10. four American women teachers 21cnjy.com
11. Jim and Kate's mother 12. five cups of tea
三、翻译(全句翻译)
13. There is a pair of trousers on the desk.
14. Uncle Tom is my father's friend.
4、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
15.homework 16. chi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ldren; kites 17. photos 18. libraries 19. halves 20. months'
21. Trees 22. wis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hes 23. fishes 24. lives 25. boy students 26. classmates' 27. visitor's
5、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)
28. autumn 29. Tuesday
6、适当形式填空(短文适当形式)
30. things 31. notebooks 32. pencils 33. clips 34. box 35. eraser 21*cnjy*com
36. tapes 37. ruler 38. dictionaries39. sharpeners
七、单项选择
40. A 41. C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )42. C 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. A 61. C 62. C 63. D 64. D 65. D 66. B 67. C 68. C 69. C 70.D 71. A 72. A 73. B 74. D
八、单句改错
75. The Sam-The Sams ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )76. bus-buses 77. subject-subjects 78. Kate's-Kate 79. man-men
【课时二练习】
九、单项选择
80. C 81. D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )82. D 83. B 84. C 85. A 86. A 87. C 88. C 89. A 90. C 91. D 92. C 93. B 94. C 95. A 96. D 97. A 98. C 99. C 100. A 101. B 102. D 103. A 104. A
10、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
105. pencil boxes 106. Germans 107. exams 108. wives 109. zoos
课后练习
1）knives boxes buses boys children
2）BBDCB ACBAB CCBAB
3）Children policeman potatoes leaves boxes families 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
4）Radios boys sheep an
5）1.These are knives. 2.Those are tomatoes.
3. Those children are very good. 4.This is rice. 5.That is child.
可以分割的东西，这个东西对应的名词便是不可数名词。如milk, water分割成若干份后，还叫milk, water
不可以分割的，其对应名词便是可数名词。如desk，desk分割成若干份后，不是desk而是wood(木头)
一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s，
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es，如:glasses，boxes，watches，brushes。
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，把y改为i，再加-es。如:stories, countries。
以-o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加-s，
下列名词要加-es，黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos ( mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos ( volcanoes)火山。
以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加-s，
以-f或-fe结尾的名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是:为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，loaves，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
以-f结尾的名词既可以变f为v后加-es，也可以直接在f后加-s，handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs(scarves)围巾。
合成名词变复数，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如:sons-in-law女婿;passers-by过路人;storytellers讲故事的人;housewives家庭主妇。
“man /woman+n.”变复数时，作定语的man /woman和中心词都要变复数。如:men teachers男老师，women engineers女工程师。
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