(共42张PPT)
背词形转换核心词汇
一、高考可能会考的词形转换
Group 1
1.absent adj.缺席的; 不在的→ n.缺席; 不在
2.accept v.接受; 认可→ adj.可接受的→ n.
同意; 认可
3.access n.通路→ adj.可接近的
4.act v.行动; 扮演→ adj.忙碌的; 活跃的→ n.活动; 活跃
5.adjust v.适应; 调整→ n.调整; 调节
absence
acceptable
acceptance
accessible
active
activity
adjustment
6.admire v.钦佩→ adj.可钦佩的; 值得赞赏的→
n.钦佩; 赞赏
7.admit v.承认→ n.承认
8.advance v.前进; 进展→ adj.先进的; 高级的
9.advertise v.做广告→ n.广告; 启事
10.agree v.同意; 赞成→ n.协定; (意见)一致
11.agriculture n.农业; 农学→ adj.农业的; 农用的
12.amaze v.使惊奇; 使惊愕→ n.惊奇
13.amuse v.逗乐; (使)娱乐→ n.可笑; 娱乐
admirable
admiration
admission
advanced
advertisement
agreement
agricultural
amazement
amusement
14.anger n.怒火→ adv.生气地
15.announce v.宣布→ n.通告; 公告; 宣布
16.apply v.申请; 应用→ n.申请书; 应用
17.appreciate v.感激; 欣赏→ n.感激; 欣赏
18.approve v.赞成; 批准→ n.赞成; 批准
19.argue v.争论; 争吵→ n.争辩
20.arrange v.安排; 筹备→ n.安排; 筹备
angrily
announcement
application
appreciation
approval
argument
arrangement
Group 2
1.attract v.吸引; 引起(反应)→ adj.有吸引力的
2.bear v.忍受; 承受→ adj.可忍受的
3.beauty n.美丽→ adj.美丽的
4.believe v.相信; 认为真实→ n.信念; 信心
5.breath n.呼吸的空气→ adj.(使)气喘吁吁的
6.careful adj.小心; 谨慎→ n.粗心; 疏忽
7.celebrate v.庆祝→ n.庆祝; 庆祝活动
attractive
bearable
beautiful
belief
breathless
carelessness
celebration
8.centre n.中心点; 中心→ adj.最重要的; 主要的
9.change v.改变; 变化→ adj.可能变化的
10.cheer v.欢呼; 喝彩→ adj.快乐的; 高兴的
11.choose v.选择; 挑选→ n.选择; 挑选
12.collect v.收集; 采集→ n.收藏品
fortable adj.舒服的→ adv.舒服地→
adj.使人不舒服的
mit v.犯(罪); 承诺→ n.承诺; 投入
central
changeable
cheerful
choice
collection
comfortably
uncomfortable
commitment
municate v.沟通; 传达→ n.交流; 传递
pete v.竞争; 对抗→ n.竞争者,对手
17.concentrate v.集中(注意力)→ n.专心; 专注
18.conclude v.得出结论→ n.结论
19.confident adj.自信的; 有自信心的→ n.信心; 信任
20.confuse v.使迷惑; (将……)混淆→ adj.难以理解的→
adj.迷惑的
communication
competitor
concentration
conclusion
confidence
confusing
confused
Group 3
1.congratulate v.祝贺→ n.恭喜; 祝贺
2.connect v.(使)连接; 联结→ n.联系; 连接
3.consider v.仔细考虑, 细想→ n.仔细考虑; 斟酌
4.construct v.建筑; 修建→ n.建筑; 建造
5.contain v.包含; 容纳→ n.容器; 集装箱
6.contribute v.捐献; 捐赠→ n.捐款; 捐资; 贡献
7.convenient adj.方便的; 便利的→ n.方便; 便利
congratulation
connection
consideration
construction
container
contribution
convenience
8.danger n.危险; 风险→ adj.危险的→ adv.危险地
9.decide v.决定; 选定→ n.决定; 抉择
10.declare v.宣布; 宣告→ n.宣布; 宣告
11.decorate v.装饰; 装潢→ n.装饰品
12.deep adj.深的; 厚的→ n.深(度)→ v.加强; 加深(理解)
13.depend v.信赖; 依靠→ n.依赖; 依靠→
adj.依赖的; 依靠的
dangerous
dangerously
decision
declaration
decoration
depth
deepen
dependence
dependent
14.describe v.描述; 形容→ n.形容; 说明
15.determine v.决定; 确定→ n.决心; 决定
16.develop v.(使)成长; 发展→ n.发展
17.devote v.致力; 献身→ n.挚爱; 奉献
18.differ v.不同于; 有区别→ n.差别; 差异→
adj.不同的
19.disagree v.不同意; 有分歧→ n.意见不一; 分歧
20.educate v.教育→ n.教育
description
determination
development
devotion
difference
different
disagreement
education
Group 4
1.effect n.效应; 影响→ adj.有效的
2.employ v.雇用→ n.雇主; 老板→ n.雇工; 雇员
3.encourage v.鼓励; 激励→ n.鼓励; 鼓舞
4.enjoy v.欣赏; 喜爱→ adj.令人愉快的; 使人快乐的
5.enter v.进来; 进去→ n.大门(口); 入口(处)
6.equip v.装备; 配备→ n.装备; 设备
7.explain v.解释; 说明→ n.解释; 说明
effective
employer
employee
encouragement
enjoyable
entrance
equipment
explanation
8.express v.表达; 表示→ n.表达; 表示; 表情
9.extreme adj.极度的; 极大的→ adv.极其; 极端
10.fail v.失败→ n.失败
11.fortune n.巨款; 运气→ adj.幸运的→ adv.幸运地→ adj.不幸的
12.graduate v.毕业→ n.毕业
13.harm n.& v.伤害; 损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的
expression
extremely
failure
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunate
graduation
harmful
harmless
14.health n.健康→ adj.健康的; 健壮的
15.help n.& v.帮助→ adj.有帮助的→ adj.无助的
16.hope n.& v.希望→ adj.抱有希望→ adj.无望的
17.humour n.幽默感→ adj.有幽默感的
18.hunger n.饥饿; 饥荒→ adj.感到饿的; 饥饿的→
adv.饥饿地
19.impress v.给……留下深刻的好印象→ n.印象→
adj.令人赞叹的
20.improve v.改善; 改进→ n.改善; 改进
healthy
helpful
helpless
hopeful
hopeless
humorous
hungry
hungrily
impression
impressive
improvement
Group 5
1.instruct v.命令; 指示→ n.命令; 操作指南
2.intend v.计划; 打算→ n.意图; 目的
3.interview n.& v.面试→ n.采访者→ n.参加面试者; 接受采访者
4.introduce v.(自我)介绍; 引见→ n.(正式的)介绍; 引见
5.invent v.发明; 创造→ n.发明; 创造→ n.发明者; 发明家
6.invite v.邀请→ n.邀请; 请柬
instruction
intention
interviewer
interviewee
introduction
invention
inventor
invitation
7.joy n.高兴; 愉快→ adj.高兴的; 令人愉快的
8.laugh v.笑; 发笑→ n.笑; 笑声
9.lazy adj.懒散的; 懒惰的→ n.懒散; 懒惰
10.limit v.限制; 限度→ adj.有限的
11.major adj.主要的; 重要的→ n.大部分; 大多数
12.manage v.负责; 管理→ n.经理→ n.经营; 管理
13.marry v.(和某人)结婚; 嫁; 娶→ n.婚姻
joyful
laughter
laziness
limited
majority
manager
management
marriage
14.memory n.记忆力; 记性→ adj.纪念的; 悼念的
15.mix v.(使)混合; 融合→ n.混合物
16.mountain n.高山; 山岳→ adj.多山的
17.nation n.国家; 民族→ adj.国家的; 民族的
18.nature n.自然界; 大自然→ adj.自然的; 天然的→
adv.自然地
19.noise n.噪声→ adj.喧闹的; 嘈杂的→ adv.喧闹地; 嘈杂地
20.occupy v.使用, 占用→ n.工作; 职业; 侵占
memorial
mixture
mountainous
national
natural
naturally
noisy
noisily
occupation
Group 6
1.operate v.动手术; 运转; 操作; 经营→ n.手术; 运转→
n.操作人员
2.organise v.组织→ n.机构; 组织→ n.组织者
3.pain n.疼痛; 痛苦→ adj.令人痛苦的
4.patient adj.有耐心的→ n.忍耐力; 耐心
5.peace n.和平→ adj.平静的; 和平的→ adv.平静地
6.perform v.表演; 演出→ n.表演; 演出→
n.表演者; 演员
operation
operator
organisation
organiser
painful
patience
peaceful
peacefully
performance
performer
7.permit v.准许; 允许→ n.许可; 批准
8.person n.人→ adj.个人的; 私人的→ n.个性; 性格
9.please v.使愉快; 使满意→ adj.令人愉快的→
n.快乐; 乐事
10.poison n.毒药; 毒物→ adj.引起中毒的; 有毒的
11.pollute v.污染→ n.污染
12.possess v.拥有; 有→ n.拥有; 具有
13.possible adj.可能→ n.可能; 可能性→ adj.不可能的
permission
personal
personality
pleasant
pleasure
poisonous
pollution
possession
possibility
impossible
14.prepare v.使做好准备→ n.准备; 预备
15.press v.按; 压→ n.压力
16.private adj.私有的; 私用的→ n.隐私; 私密→
adv.私下地
17.promote v.促进; 推动→ n.提升; 提拔
18.proud adj.骄傲的; 自豪的→ adv.骄傲地; 自豪地
19.real adj.真的; 真正的→ adv.事实上; 真正地→
n.现实
20.realise v.理解, 领会; 实现→ n.实现; 认识
preparation
pressure
privacy
privately
promotion
proudly
really
reality
realisation
Group 7
1.reason n.理由; 原因→ adj.合乎情理的→
adj.不合理的; 不公正的
2.relax v.放松; 休息→ n.放松; 休息
3.rely v.依赖; 依靠→ adj.可信赖的; 可依靠的
4.require v.需要; 依靠→ n.所需的(或所要的)东西
5.satisfy v.使满意; 使满足→ adj.满意的; 满足的→
n.满意; 满足
6.science n.科学→ n.科学家→ adj.科学(上)的→ adv.科学地
reasonable
unreasonable
relaxation
reliable
requirement
satisfied
satisfaction
scientist
scientific
scientifically
7.secure adj.安心的; 有把握的→ n.安全; 安全工作
8.serve v.(给某人)提供; 端上→ n.接待, 服务→
n.仆人; 佣人
9.sharp adj.锋利的; 尖的→ adv.尖刻地; 猛烈地→
v.(使)变得锋利
10.simple adj.简单的; 简朴的→ adv.简单地→
v.使简化; 使简易
11.succeed v.成功; 做到→ n.成功→ adj.成功的→ adv.成功地
12.suit v.合(某人)心意→ adj.合适的; 适宜的
security
service
servant
sharply
sharpen
simply
simplify
success
successful
successfully
suitable
13.survive v.生存; 存活→ n.生存; 存活→ n.幸存者
14.tend v.倾向; 照顾→ n.倾向; 趋势
15.tradition n.传统→ adj.传统的→ adv.传统上
16.translate v.翻译→ n.翻译; 译文→ n.翻译家; 译员
17.value n.(商品)价值→ adj.很有用的; 宝贵的
18.violent adj.暴力的; 强暴的→ n.暴力; 暴行
19.warm adj.温暖的; 暖和的→ n.温暖; 暖和
20.wealth n.财富→ adj.富有的; 富裕的
survival
survivor
tendency
traditional
traditionally
translation
translator
valuable
violence
warmth
wealthy
二、高考易错的不规则动词
Group 1
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing形式
1.become
2.catch
3.teach
4.come
5.run
6.overcome
became
become
becoming
caught
caught
catching
taught
taught
teaching
came
come
coming
ran
run
running
overcame
overcome
overcoming
7.bring
8.buy
9.fight
10.think
brought
brought
bringing
bought
bought
buying
fought
fought
fighting
thought
thought
thinking
Group 2
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing形式
1.seek
2.feel
3.keep
4.leave
5.sleep
6.sweep
sought
sought
seeking
felt
felt
feeling
kept
kept
keeping
left
left
leaving
slept
slept
sleeping
swept
swept
sweeping
7.weep
8.begin
9.drink
10.sing
wept
wept
weeping
began
begun
beginning
drank
drunk
drinking
sang
sung
singing
Group 3
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing形式
1.sink
2.swim
3.ring
4.broadcast
5.cost
6.cut
sank
sunk
sinking
swam
swum
swimming
rang
rung
ringing
broadcast
broadcast
broadcasting
cost
cost
costing
cut
cut
cutting
7.hurt
8.hit
9.let
10.put
hurt
hurt
hurting
hit
hit
hitting
let
let
letting
put
put
putting
Group 4
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing形式
1.rid
2.set
3.spread
4.spring
5.shut
6.burn
rid
rid
ridding
set
set
setting
spread
spread
spreading
sprang/sprung
sprung
springing
shut
shut
shutting
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
burning
7.deal
8.dream
9.hang
10.learn
dealt
dealt
dealing
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
dreaming
hanged/hung
hanged/hung
hanging
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
learning
Group 5
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing形式
1.light
2.mean
3.shine
4.show
5.smell
6.speed
lighted/lit
lighted/lit
lighting
meant
meant
meaning
shined/shone
shined/shone
shining
showed
showed/shown
showing
smelled/smelt
smelled/smelt
smelling
speeded/sped
speeded/sped
speeding
7.send
8.spend
9.build
10.bend
sent
sent
sending
spent
spent
spending
built
built
building
bent
bent
bending
三、高考必用的词形变化规则
◆动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则
1.一般情况下, 动词词尾加-ed。如:
work→worked play→played want→wanted act→acted
2.以不发音的e 结尾的动词, 词尾加-d。如:
live→lived move→moved taste→tasted hope→hoped
3.以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的动词, 把y变为i 再加-ed。如:
study→studied copy→copied cry→cried carry→carried
4.以 “一个元音字母+一个辅音字母” 结尾的动词, 且为单音节的词时, 双写词尾辅音字母, 再加-ed。如:
stop→stopped beg→begged drag→dragged drop→dropped plan→planned
fit→fitted
5.有两个音节并且重音在第二音节, 词尾为单辅音字母的动词, 双写词尾辅音字母, 再加-ed。如:
regret→regretted control→controlled admit→admitted occur→occurred prefer→preferred refer→referred permit→permitted equip→equipped
注意: quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英式英语)也可不双写(美式英语)。
◆可数名词复数形式的规则变化
1.一般情况下, 名词词尾加-s。如:
teacher→teachers doctor→doctors student→students table→tables
2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词, 词尾加-es。如:
dish→dishes box→boxes glass→glasses
注意: stomach的复数形式直接加s, 即stomachs。
3.以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的名词, 变y为i再加-es。如:
baby→babies army→armies family→families body→bodies
4.以 “元音字母+y” 结尾的名词, 词尾加-s。 如:
toy→toys boy→boys way→ways key→keys
5.以f或fe结尾的名词, 大多数变f或fe为v, 再加-es, 但少数加-s。如:
knife→knives shelf→shelves wife→wives proof→proofs roof→roofs
6.以o结尾的名词, 通常词尾加-s, 但有的加-es。如:
video→videos radio→radios zoo→zoos hero→heros tomato→tomatoes
◆可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
1.名词前有man或woman修饰, 变复数时, 做定语的man或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:
woman doctor→women doctors
2.常见单复数同形的名词: Chinese, means, works, sheep, deer, series, fish, fruit。但fish, fruit表示种类时可变复数形式, 即fishes, fruits。
3.自身有特殊变化的名词。如:
child→children man→men foot→feet tooth→teeth medium→media mouse→mice phenomenon→phenomena
4.有些名词通常只用作复数。如:
clothes, goods, trousers, belongings, surroundings, cattle, congratulations
5.固定搭配中的名词常用复数。如:
have words with sb (同某人吵架), in high spirits(情绪高昂), give one’s regards to sb (向某人问候), in rags(衣衫褴褛), have good manners(有礼貌)
◆形容词转换为副词的变化规则
1.形容词变副词通常在词尾加-ly。如:
quick→quickly polite→politely sad→sadly
2.少数以e结尾的形容词, 要去掉e再加-ly。如:
true→truly
3.绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词, 直接加-ly。如:
polite→politely wide→widely wise→wisely
4.以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的形容词, 要把y改成i, 再加-ly。如:
happy→happily heavy→heavily angry→angrily busy→busily
5.以ic结尾的形容词, 词尾加-ally。如:
economic→economically basic→basically automatic→automatically energetic→energetically
6.以 “辅音字母+le” 结尾的形容词, 去e加-y。如:
simple→simply gentle→gently terrible→terribly possible→possibly
注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词: friendly; motherly; lovely; heavenly; manly。
◆形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则
1.一般情况下, 形容词、副词词尾加-er, -est。如:
high→higher→highest warm→warmer→warmest
2.以字母e结尾只加-r, -st。如:
brave→braver→bravest able→abler→ablest
3.以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节, 双写该辅音字母后再加-er, -est。如:
big→bigger→biggest fat→fatter→fattest thin→thinner→thinnest
4.以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的词, 将y变为i再加-er, -est。如:
happy→happier→happiest early→earlier→earliest easy→easier→easiest
5.多音节词的比较级和最高级在词前加more, most。如:
difficult→more difficult→most difficult careful→more careful→most careful popular→more popular→most popular
6.much, even, far, a little, a bit等修饰形容词的比较级。
7.favourite, perfect, superior, right, wrong等没有比较级和最高级。