人教版（全一册）九年级英语Unit4 I used to be afraid of the dark.全单元知识背记清单

人教版九年级（全册）Unit4
详细实用知识清单
一．教材生词表及详解
1.humorous [ hjum r s] a.滑稽幽默的 名词--humor 幽默
2. silent[ sa l nt] a..沉默的，不说话的 be silent---沉默的
Keep/stay/remain silent 保持沉默的 名词silence---沉默 in silence--沉默地 同类用法的还有：patient---patience
3.helpful [ helpfl] a.有用的， 有帮助的 be helpful to sb.---对某人有帮助
4.score[sk r, skor] n/v 得分、进球 The score stood five to three.=The score stood five-three =The score was at five to three. get good grades/scores in ...--在...科取得好成绩
5.background [ b kɡra nd] n 背景
6..Interview [ nt rvju ] n/v 采访，面试interviewer n. 采访者 interviewee n. 采访对象 interview sb.---面试某人 have an interview with sb. 面试某人 I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop star 采访19岁的亚洲超级明星
7.Asian[ e n] a/n 亚洲（人）的，亚洲人
8..deal [di l] v 对付 deal with---处理deal with( 常与how连用）=do with（常与what连用） (deal ( dealt, dealt) with = do with 对付，应付，处理
I don’t know how to deal with these bad children. = I don’t know what to do with these bad children.
9.shyness [ a n s] n.害羞 shyness -- -ness 为名词后缀，加在形容词之后 e.g: happiness darkness kindness
10.dare [der] v.敢于 dare to do sth.---敢于做某事As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class. 随着她好转，她敢于在全班同学面前唱歌。
① dare在这里作实义动词，意为“敢于，胆敢”可以有各种词形变化，可用于各类句型（肯定句，否定句，疑问句及各类从句等），其后多接不定式。[dare (not) to do]
e.g: We must dare to think, speak and act. 我们必须敢想，敢说，敢做。
I wonder how he dares to say such things 我纳闷他怎么敢说出这样的话来。
② dare 也可以用作情态动词，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原形，常只用于否定句或疑问句及if 或whether 后，一般不用于肯定句。(dare作情态动词时，其否定式为 daren’t)
e.g: Dare you tell her the truth 你敢告诉她事实真相吗？
I daren’t ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。
11..crowd [kra d] n 人群，观众in front of crowds---在人群前Now she’s not shy anymore and loves singing in front of crowds. 她不再害羞了，也喜欢在观众面前唱歌。
crowd n. ① 人群[C] There was a crowd of people in front of the town hall. 市政大厅前有一群人。② 一堆,许多[C] A crowd of magazines and papers are on the desk. 桌上有一堆杂志和报纸。③v.挤满 e.g. A lot of questions crowded in my brain just now. 刚才我脑子里装满问题。
crowded adj. 拥挤的 uncrowded adj.不拥挤的
12.ton [t n] n顿（pl）大量 get tons of attention---得到大量关注 tons of=lots of
13.private [ pra v t] a.私人的,私密的.private time--私人时间
14. guard [ɡɑ rd]n/v警卫士兵保卫
15.require [r kwa r] v.需求、要求 ①require sth.--需要某物 This job requires strength. (体力) You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed. 要想成功你真的需要极大的天赋和努力 ② require sb./sth. to do sth.---要求某人They required us to help them. 他们要求我们帮他们。 ③sth. require doing ---某物需要被.. The house requires repairing ④ ...require+that 从句（从句谓语动词用should+动原形，其中should可省略） She required that I (should) go at once. 她要求我立刻去。（require that sb. (should) do [虚拟语气]）
16..African [ fr k n] a/n非洲（人）的，非洲人
17.European[ j r pi n] a/n 欧洲（人）的，欧洲人Europe [ j r p] n.欧洲；欧盟
18.British [ br t ] a英国(人)的
19.from time to time≈at times,≈sometimes on time---按时， in time--及时 ， all the time---总for the first time--第一次
20.speech [spit ] n.发言，讲话 give a speech ≈ make speeches作演讲
21.influence [ nflu ns] influence sb. to do sth.影响某人， have an influence on sb.----对某人有影响（名词） make a great influence
22.absent [ bs nt] adi 缺席；不在 （反）present adj. 出席的；在场的
be absent from, 缺席 He didn’t tell me the reason why he was absent from the meeting yesterday. Sometimes he was absent from classes and failed the examinations.
有时他旷课并且考试不及格。
absence [ bs ns] n. (u) 缺席
23.fail[fel] vi失败；未能做到fail in an examination = fail the exam 考试不及格 fail to do sth.--未能做某事 fail (in) sth. 在某事（某方面）失败
failure ['fe lj r] n.失败 Failure is the mother of success. fail in doing sth 没能通过某事 做某事失败
24.general ['d en r ] .大致的；总的，普遍的;n.上将； in general ---通常；大体上”在句中作状语；general的副词形式为generally,常用于短语generally speaking
25.exactly[ ɡ z ktli] adv.--确切地，精确地 ---形容词---exact
26.pride [pra d] --n.(u) 骄傲；自豪 . 作不可数名词 take pride in=be proud of...
后可接sb./ sth./ doing sth.
proud [pra d] adj. 自豪的；骄傲的be proud of 后可接sb./ sth./ doing sth.
27.introduction [ ntr d k n]n.介绍 introduction to sb/sth 对某人某物的介绍 give a general self-introduction 做个简单的自我介绍
introduce [ ntr du:s] 动词--introduce oneself自我介绍
28.public [ p bl k] n/a 民众、公众的 in public公开地
29.ant [ nt] n.蚂蚁
30.insect [ n s kt] n昆虫.卑鄙的人
31.examination [ ɡ z m ne n] .n检查.考试 medical examination 医疗检查
≈ exam(语气上 exam, test比较口语, examination比较正式)
①on exam---在考试中get good grades on one’s exams ② exam n. 考试, 如school exam
32.boarding school ---寄宿学校
33. in person --亲自，面对面 ，相当于by oneself , face to face
She advised them to talk with their son in person 她建议他们亲自跟他们的儿子谈。
You had better go and speak to him in person．你最好亲自去跟他谈。
34..seldom [ s ld m] adv 很少、不常He seldom caused any problems.
seldom 很少 (表示否定意义，还包括 never, little, few, hardly等)
e.g: He seldom drives to school.
本单元短语
1.work very hard---学习非常努力，
2.do well in---在...做的好
3. take care of
4.make the decision---做决定
5.explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事
6.in front of crowds---在人群前
8. get tons of attention---得到大量关注
9.. hang out---闲逛
10. give up--放弃 give up doing sth
11.the road to success---成功之路
12. fight on---继续下去
13. even though--即使
14..have more communication with ...---和...联系更多
15.make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth
16.primary school---小学
17.be ready to do sth= prepare to do sth
18. at least/at most
19.walk to school=go to school on foot
20. wear the school uniforms
21. be nervous about sth担心…
22.books on sth(关于….的书)
23.change so much 变化很大，改变许多.
24.move to +地点名词 搬到某地
25.waste the time 浪费时间
26. in the last few years在过去的几年里
27. return home回家
28.in a job interview在工作面试中
29. develop a good habit 养成好习惯
30.watch movies 看电影
31.listen to pop music 听流行音乐
32.give a speech in public 在公共场合做演讲
33 be on the soccer team 加入足球队 ..
cause problems引起麻烦 造成困扰 cause/get sb to do sth 让某人做事情
35.Confucius’ thoughts 孔子思想
36. no longer 不再
37.. make a decision 做决定
38.take care of 照看 照顾
39.have a conversation with 和…. 交流
40. keep breaking rules 总是违反制度（纪律 ）
41. take a 40-hour train ride 坐了40小时火车
42.change one’s life. 改变生活。
43. think of 考虑； 想起； 有…想法； 对…有意见 想到；想念；
44.pay attention to 注意…..
45.feel good about 对…感觉良好
46.a normal boy from the countryside 一个来自于乡下的普通男孩
47.miss his parents so much 非常想念他的父母亲
48.send him to a boarding school 送他去寄宿制学校
49.take a 24-hour train and a 5-hour bus ride 坐24小时的火车和5小时的公共汽车
50.become active in many other activities 在很多其他的活动上很积极
51.worry about how to appear to others 担心如何出现在别人面前
52.pay attention to+ doing sth .....对做某事关注
53.. be interested in get \ become interested in 对什么感兴趣
take \ show \ create an interest in对什么有兴趣
三 句型、句式、重要短语（群）
1..used to---过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth ---习惯做某事 be used to do sth 被用于做某事 Computers are used to help people do many things. 电脑被用来帮助人们做很多事情。
be used as 被用做什么 be used for doing sth被用于做某事
I used to get up at six in the morning, but I usually get up at half past five now
①其否定结构 didn’t use to 或 used not to (usedn’t to) 如：
She didn’t use to have long hair = She used not to / usedn’t to have long hair
②一般问句形式 Did sb use to …. 或 Used sb to …. 如：
Did your uncle use to live in Beijing = Used your uncle to live in Beijing
③特殊疑问句也有两种 e.g. What did Amy use to be like / What used Amy to be like
④用于there be 表示“过去存在”：there used to be… 暗指现在已经不存在。
e.g. There used to be a beautiful lake near my house. 过去我家附近有一个漂亮的湖。
2.brave enough---足够勇敢 enough--修饰名词放名词前，修饰形容词\副词放形容词后， enough... to do sth.---做某事足够...， adj+ enough to do sth 足够…而能够做某事
3... such a great idea---如此好的主意 such与so ---- so + 形/副 that...
such+(a/an) 形/副+名词+that+...,
so+few/many/much/little+名词+that+... so+ adj/adv
such+a/an +adj+ n=so +adj +a/an+ n
such a / an + adj.+ n. 相当于 so + adj. + a / an +n.
He is such a brave man = He is so brave a man
1. I've never read ___interesting a book. 2.I've never read ___ an interesting book.
3.He is ___ a lazy boy. 4.He is __ lazy a boy.
5.There is __ a little bird that I can't see it. 6. There is ___ little time left that we must hurry.
4. 感叹句：What+（a/an）+形+ 名+主谓 How+形/副+主谓
What a good student he is ! =How good the student is !
6..What’s sb like (问外貌+性格) What does sb look like (只问外貌) What is / are +主语 + like 表示“ ….. 长得怎样？ ….. 是什么样的人？”
该句既可以问“外貌”，也可以问“性格，气质”等
What do / does +主语+ look like 表示“…..长得怎样？” 只问“外貌”
7...be less interested in---对...兴趣少at least/most---最少，至少/至多
...be more interested in...对。。。更感兴趣，
8.a number of...许多大量的 … ①a large number of 许多， 大量的
a very small number of ...非常少量的 ----后跟名词复数,谓语动词为复数，Only a small number of men students want to be language teachers 只有少数男生想做语言教师
②the number of...----...的数量 ， 谓语动词为单数The number of the students in our school is about 1000 我校学生人数约为1000
9.It has been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates. 我们上次见到小学同学已经有三年了
现在完成时标志词；since+时间点 for+ 时间段 in the last few years in the last few years already yet ever so far until now recently these days/weeks/years ,
注意：since后为一般过去时，主句用现在完成时have/has done
“It is + some time +since / that / when / before从句” 的用法区别
① It is + some time +since从句 表示“ 自从…. 以来已经多久了” since从句必须用一般过去时 It’s ten years since I graduated
② It is + some time + that 从句 表示“ …..多久了”此句为强调句
It’s ten years that I’ve lived here for 我住在这儿已经长达十年了
还原句型：I’ve lived here for ten years
③ It is +某个时刻 + when从句 表示“……. 是在某时（发生的）”
When 引导定语从句 主句，从句时态一致
It was ten years ago when I graduated 我在十年前毕业
④ It is + some time + before从句 表示“过了多久....... 才….” Before 从句的时态必须是过去式 It was ten years before I graduated 十年后我才毕业
10..see/notice/ watch/look at/hear/listen to+ do(全过程)/ doing(正在做)
11..take up take up doing sth 学着做某事 开始做某事Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.
Candy告诉我她过去真的很害羞，然后从事唱歌来应付她的羞怯。
take up take up doing sth的用法如下：
①从事，经手
e.g: The scientist has taken up a new subject. 这位科学家开始研究一个新的课题。
He left a job in the city to take up farming.
②占去(地方、时间、注意力等)；
e.g: I'm sorry I've already taken up so much of your valuable time.对不起，我占了你这么多宝贵时间。The table takes up too much room.
③继续I put the telephone down and took up the work again．
12.. have to do sth 必须做某事(客观)=must do sth(主观)
13..She is not shy anymore.=she is shy no more. not …anymore=no more(not置于be/助动词/情态动词之后)（no more通常置于句末）
14. to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是 to one’s +n 结构
To one’s joy /sadness/sorrow/excitement/anger
15. .too much+ U too many+ C复 太多的….. much too +adj 太….
16...have difficulties/problems/trouble (in) doing sth
17.. have/let/make sb do sth 使某人干某事
注意；变被动do要变成to do
18..be afraid of doing sth=be terrified of doing sth=be afraid to do sth=be terrified to do sth
19.①advise to do sth.---建议做某事 advise sb (not) to sth 建议某人（不要）做某事
②advise doing = suggest doing 建议做某事 suggest sb. doing sth.
(类)allow sb. to do sth. allow doing
My mother advised me not to stay at home all the time
I advise giving the money to Project Hope 我建议把钱捐给希望工程
③advise + that 从句 表示“建议…” 从句要用“should + 动词原形 ”表虚拟语气
The policeman advises that we (should) walk on the other side of the road
警察建议我们走路的另一边。
④advise 的名词advice 其为不可数名词 some advice a piece of advice
He often gives us some good advice 他经常给我们一些好的建议
20. even though=even if=although=though Even though I'm quite a reserved person, I like meeting people. 我虽然性格极为内敛，但喜欢和人接触。
21.They are always thinking of me.
be always doing sth 常表达说话人的某种情绪。如赞扬不满责备等。
22.make it Only a very small number of people make it to the top 只有极少数的人能够出人头地 make it 是英语口语中十分有用的一个习语，①表示 “成功做到某事”
You will make it if you try. 你会成功的，如果你努力的话。You needn’t worry; he will make it. 你不必担心，他会办成的。
② 用来表示规定时间，常与can, let等词连用。I can’t make it on Friday. 星期五我办不好The train leaves in five minutes—we’ll never make it. 火车再有五分钟就开了—我们绝对赶不上了。A：Shall we meet next week 下星期我们见面，好吗？
B：Yes. Let's make it next Sunday.好的，让我们约定下星期日吧。
23.something+ influence sb greatly 表示“…….对某人产生很大影响”
This passage influences me greatly 这篇文章对我影响很大
have an influence on sb 表示“ 对某人产生影响”
24.I play soccer and I’m on the swim team. 我踢足球并加入了游泳队。
on the swim team= on the swimming team 介词用on
25..People sure change. 人肯定是有变化的。(1) sure adv. 在此处相当于surely
sure adj. 确定的；肯定的 常见用法有：
① be sure about/of sth.
e.g. I’m not quite sure about that. 那件事我还不能十分肯定。
② be sure +从句
e.g. Are you sure that this is the right bus 你肯定就是这辆公共汽车吗？
I’m not sure whether he’s telling the truth. 我不肯定他是否在说实话。
③ make sure 确保（某事发生）
e.g. Make sure you get here before midnight. 你要确保在午夜之前到达这里。
26.. change ① v. 改变，可当vt 和vi
e.g. You’ve changed a lot since I last saw you. 自从我上次看到你，你变了很多。
Can you change English into Chinese 你能把英文翻译成中文吗？
② n. 改变 (a) change in/ to sth 在某方面有改变
e.g. Doctors say there’s no change in the patient’s condition. 医生说这个病人的情况没有变化。
注意：change 是改变的意思，而exchange是交换的意思。
e.g. an exchange student 交换生 She exchanged her earrings for cash. 她把耳环换成了现金。
27. .I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去怕黑。
dark: ① n. 黑暗（自然界的黑，如黄昏；夜晚）常用the dark, e.g. All the lights went out and we were left in the dark. 所有灯都熄灭了，我们陷入了黑暗中。
但是before/after/until dark中，是零冠词。We are not allowed to go out after dark. 天黑后我们不准外出。
② adj. (darker, darkest) 黑的；暗的 It is too dark to see anything. 太黑了，什么都看不见。
③ darkness: n. 黑暗（社会；人性的黑，包含无知，阴郁等意味）the power of darkness 黑暗的力量
28..appearance n. 外表，外貌 / 出现 v. appear 出现disappear v. 消失
e.g. There are lots of changes in his appearance. 他长变了很多。
Several new products have recently appeared on the market. 几种新产品最近开始在市场上销售。
29,Many times I thought about giving up, I fought on.很多时候我想过放弃，但我一直战斗。
on ad. 表 “继续，进行” e.g. Walk on, please. 请继续走。
To go on, you need good sleep. 要继续，你们需要好的睡眠。
30. do sth. alone do sth. by oneself
do sth. on one’s own do sth. in person
31.be there for sb.---在某人身旁 It’s very important for parents to be there for their children 对于父母来说和孩子在一起多么重要
32. a 19-year -old girl “数＋名＋形”做复合定语
33..be prepared to do get ready to do 准备做啥
prepare for ---- get ready for 为啥做准备
you have to be prepared to give up your normal life 你必须准备放弃正常生活
四.语法：.反意疑问句
1.特点：前肯后否，前否后肯
2.几种形式：
1)前有否定意义的词：little, few, hardly, never, seldom, nobody, nothing, no等，等否定词时，反问句用肯定。 She has never seen a three-D movie at the cinema, has she
她从没在电影院看过3D电影，不是吗
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart in it, is it 如果你用心没什么是不可能，不是吗？
祈使句一般用will you Let’s开头的用shall we 。
remember to close the door, will you/ won’t you 记得关门，好吗？
Let us have a rest, will you 让我们休息一下，好吗？
Let’s have a rest, shall we 咱们休息一下，好吗？
3) I am..., aren’t I
4) 以I/We think/believe后跟宾语从句，按从句进行反问（遇否定转移先把not复原）
5).You used to be short, didn’t you 你过去个子矮，对吗？
五．文章欣赏
How I've changed!
My life changed a lot in the last few years. I used to be short and have long hair ,but now I am tall and have short hair ,I used to be quiet and shy , but now I am very outgoing .I used to be afraid of dark ,and now I am not .I used to be heavy ,and now I am thin and healthy .
My daily life is different.For example,I didn't use to like tests.Now,I don't mind them.I used to hate gym class.Now it's my favorite class.I used to walk to school.Now,I take the bus .when I was young,I used to have so much time to play with my friends ,but now I am really too busy ,I have to get up early and stay in school all day ,then I go right home and eat dinnerat night. I used to watch TV with my parent or chat with my grandmother ,but now I can't .I used to love sports ,but now ,I hardly ever have time to play sport.I have to do lots of homework 。
.I really miss the old days!