【基础版】【中考必考点语法复习专题】第三讲：冠词（含习题+答案）

第三节：冠词
专题概述：
冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。
语法考点：
1. 冠词的基本用法： 泛指、特指、类指和专指
2. 冠词的习惯用法：定冠词/不定冠词/零冠词的习惯用法
3. 冠词的活用：形容词比较级、最高级和序数词等前的冠词活用
冠词（Article）
冠词是用在名词前面起辅助作用的词。主要有不定冠词a，an和定冠词the
→用在单数可数名词前 表示一类人或物，是泛朴
→用在单数可数名词前 表示一类人或物中的任意一个。
不定冠词a/an： →表示数量 但数的概念没有one强烈，a还可以用于hundred，
thousand，million等词前，相当于one,意为“一”。
→用于某些固定结构中
定冠词the的用法：
1. 用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。
This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 这是我（外）祖父曾经生活过的城市。
The cellphone is on the table. 手机在桌子上。
2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。
What is the president doing about all this 对于这些事情，总统正在做什么？
Would you mind my opening the window 你介意我打开窗户吗？
3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂）。
Jim lives i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 吉姆住在一个小村庄里。村庄里有棵老树。
I bought an iPho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne 5S in the store. The iPhone 5S cost 4, 000 yuan. 我在商店买了一部iPhone 5S手机。这个手机花了我4，000元。
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
Spring is the first season of a year. 春季是一年中的第一个季节。
American is the developed country in the world. 美国是世界上最发达的国家。
This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
5. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。
the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球
The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大得多。
6. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国
7. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。
in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面
in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边
8. 用在表示计量的（度量衡）名词前。
by the ton/pound/yard/metre/kilo
注意：by后面接上表示面积、体积、重量、长、高、短、深时，中间不加冠词。
by volume/weight/length/width/depth
9. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前。
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
The Nile is the longest river in the world. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。
10. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人。
The Whites are going to visit China next month. 怀特一家人下个月打算来中国。
The Blacks are going to Kaifeng next week. 布莱克一家下周准备去开封。
11. 和某些形容词连用，表示一类人或物。
the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员
The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人也不总是比穷人开心。
12. 在the more ... the more比较级的句式中。
The more you exercise, the more health you are. 你锻炼得越多，就会越健康。
13. 用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
* 中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用：play erhu 二胡
I practice playing the piano every day. 我每天练习弹钢琴。
14. the用在可数名词单数前可以表示一类人或事物。
The panda is a cute animal. 熊猫是可爱的动物。
They are the doctors of this hospital. 他们是这个医院的全体医生。
15. 用于固定结构＂动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词+sb+介词+the+身体某一部位＂中，常见的此类动词有take，catch，hold，seize，hit，cut，strike，lead，pat等。
take sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb in the face 打某人的脸
The policeman se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ized the thief by the arm and struck him on the back. 警察抓住小偷的胳膊，打了他的背。
16. 用在世纪或＂世纪+年代＂名词前。
in the18th century 在18世纪 in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代
The war broke out in the sixties. 战争爆发于60年代。
17. 用于某些特指的抽象名词、物资名词前，尤其是其后有限制性定语修饰时。
The young generation is the hope of the world. 年轻一代是世界的希望。
The three children are the joy of my life. 这三个孩子是我生命中的乐趣。
18. 用在某些固定的表达法。
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 在去……去的路上
零冠词：
不用冠词的情况又叫零冠词
名词前不使用冠词的情况:名词之前代词限，复数名词表泛指，球类学科和三餐，专有名词不可数，星期月份季节前，交通手段和节日，习语称谓和头衔。
冠词的固定搭配：
与不定冠词搭配的固定短语
a lot of许多
a little一点儿
a few一些，几个
take a message for为……捎口
once upon a time从前
after a while一会儿后
as a result结果
have a rest休息
have a talk谈话
have a cold感冒
have a fever发烧
have a headache头痛
make a mistake犯错误
make a living谋生
go out for a walk出去散步
take a seat坐下
have a good time玩得高兴
in a word总之
a moment ago片刻之前
in a hurry匆忙
do sb a favor帮助某人
与定冠词the搭配的固定短语
all the time一直
all the year around一年到头
at the same time同时
at the age of在……岁时
at the moment此刻
at the beginning of在…开始时
by the way 顺便说
at the end of在…结束时
in the daytime在白天
at the foot of在……脚下
in the middle of在……中间
in the past在过去
with the help of在……帮助下
the day before yesterday前天
in the end最后
on the other side of…在…的另一边
in the morning/afternoon/evening在早/晚上/下午
冠词的位置：
一般情况：冠词位于名词或名词短语的最前面
China is a beautiful Asia country. 中国是一个美丽的亚洲国家。
固定结构
as/so... as…结构中，a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后
Alice is not so smart a girl as I thought. 爱丽丝不像我想象中的那么机灵。
so... that…结构中，a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后
It is so difficu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lt a question that no one in our class can answer it.
这个问题如此难以至于我们班没有一个人能够回答。
such... that…结构中，a/an一般应位于such之后，形容词之前
He is such a good boy that we all like him. 他是如此好的男孩大家都喜欢他。
too... to...结构中，a/an位于too修饰的形容词之后
Linda is too youn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g a girl to be left by herself at home. 琳达太小了，不能把她单独留在家里。
名词前有形容词rather，quite或very时，不定冠词通常置于rather、quite之后，very之前
It is quite a good job. You should take it. 那真是一份好工作，你应该做。
Hurry Pother is a very interesting book. 《哈利﹒波特》是一本非常有趣的书。
名词前有all，both，double，twice等修饰时，冠词应位于其后、名词之前
Both the parents are very strict with their kids. 这对父母都对他们的孩子很严格。
感叹句中
what引导的感叹句中，a/an置于what后
What a heavy rain it is! 多么大的雨啊！
What an exciting news he brings us! 他给我们带来了一个多么令人兴奋的消息啊！
how引导的感叹句中，a/an置于how修饰的形容词后
How timely a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rain we've got in such a dry season! 在这样干燥的季节里，这真是一场及时雨啊！
第三讲课堂练习
A选择填空：
1.He ordered a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )washing machine by phone two days ago, and ___ machine has arrived.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
2.My pen pal enjoys wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tching football matches, but he doesn't like playing ___ football.
A, a B, an C, / D, the
3.Would you like ___ apple juice
A, an B, any C, a D, some
4.___ young man beside me is ___ university student.
A, An, a B, An, / C, The, an D, The, a
5.I like to read ___ book. It's better than reading on the Internet.
A, / B, a C, an D, the
6.His father is ___ engineer. He always wears ___ uniform at work.
A, a, a B, a, an C, an, a D, an, an
7.Just wait for ___ while and then I'll help you.
A, a B, the C, an D, /
8.I have ___ information about the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A, a B, an C, a piece of D, a lot
9.Jane wants to go to ___ college when she finishes secondary school.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
10.___ Johnsons ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opted (收养) ___ homeless boy out of charity ten years ago.
A, /, a B, /, an C, The, a D, The, an
11.___ girl with a toy in her hand is my little sister.
A, A B, An C, The D, /
12.Last week ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), I wrote ___ article on our School Food Festival to Shanghai Students' Post.
A, the B, an C, a D, /
13.___ teach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er said that Jack was ___ new student and he was ___ honest.
A, The, a, / B, A, the, a C, A, a, an D, The, a, an
14.Please get ever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ything ready. Our meeting will begin in half ___ hour.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
15.It's about half ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ hour's walk from here to ___ nearest underground station.
A, a, the B, an, the C, /, the D, the, a
16.A: What are you going to be when you grow up
B: I hope to be ___ animal doctor when I grow up.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
17.The Browns have _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ 8-year-old girl. She is learning English these days.
A, the B, a C, an D, /
18.My younger siste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r is sick. She has been in ____ hospital for three days.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
B选择填空：
1. ____ Great Wall is ____ longest wall in the world.
A, The, the B, A, a C, A, the D, The, a
2. Who's ____ woman over there
A, / B, the C, a D, an
3. Shanghai is in ____ east of China.
A, / B, an C, a D, the
4. I can see a little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )white sheep in the field. ____ sheep is Nancy's.
A, A B, The C, An D, /
5. ____ old lady in brown is ____ university professor.
A, An, a B, An, / C, The, an D, The, a
6. Did you enter for ____ high jump or ____ 400-meter race.
A, a, a B, a, the C, the, a D, the, the
7. More college ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) graduates would like to work in ____ west part of our country ____ next year.
A, the, the B, /, / C, /, the D, the, /
8. The scientists from ____ United States live in ____ ninth Street.
A, the, the B, /, the C, /, / D, the, /
9.Can you see ____ one-eyed cow in ____ field
A, an, the B, a, the C, /, the D, a, a
10.There will be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ interview between the manager and his assistants this afternoon.
A, an B, a C, the D, /
11.A：Which gir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ls is your daughter, Mr. White B：Oh, look, that little one in ____red.
A, a B, an C, / D, the
12.English is ____ use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ful language. It is spoken by many people in China.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
13.Alice is ____ honest. She never tells lies.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
14.Little Tony is ____ honest boy. He never tells lies.
A, a B, an C, / D, the
15.Tina has ____ one-month-old baby. She loves it so much.
A, / B, a C, an D, the
16.They are twin brot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hers with different hobbies. Tim likes playing ____ football but Tom enjoys playing ____ piano.
A, /, / B, /, the C, the, / D, the, the
17.Mr.Black wants his students to be ____ honest.
A, the B, a C, an D, /
18.____ old lady in brown is ____ university professor.
A, An, a B, An, / C, The, an D, The, a
19.Please stay for dinner. It will be ready in half ____ hour.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
20.Janet, ____ eightee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n-year-old girl, got ____ first of the English reading contest.
A, an, a B, a, the C, an, the D, the, the
C选择填空：
1.John, you for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )got to add ____ “s” to the word “book” here. Be careful next time, please!
A, the B, a C, an D, /
2.She got ____ “A” in geography test.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
3.My grandpa used to have ____ walk in the garden after ____ supper.
A, a, / B,/, / C, /, a D, a, a
4.It's ____ pleasure f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or me to be invited to play ____ piano at the concert.
A, the, a B, a, the C, a, a D, a, /
5.What ____ beautiful music! I've been listening for ____ half hour.
A, a, an B, a, a C, /, an D, /, a
6.____ Beijing, an old modern city, is developing rapidly, We are going to visit it ____ third time.
A, The, the B, /, a C, /, the D, The, a
7.____ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.
A, A B, An C, / D, The
8.Ama was good at Chinese painting, but she is ____ European artist.
A, / B, a C, an D, the
9.My uncle wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s knocked by a motorcycle yesterday. Now he is in ____ hospital.
A, a B, an C, / D, the
10.I've never ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) seen a UFO so far. Can you tell me what ____ UFO looks like
A, a B, an C, the D, /
11.Many people go to ____ church on Sunday, but others don't.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
12.The lecture came from ____ university of ____ European country.
A, a, a B, an, an C, a, an D, the, /
13. ____ postman _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ newspapers and letters from door to door every day.
A, The, deliver B, A, delivers C, /, give D, /, gives
14.A: What's behind ____ iron door I can't open it.
B: Let me see. There's a chair.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
15.How do you pronounce ____ “u” in the word ”business”
A, / B, a C, an D, the
16.That was ____ unu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sual day for Peter. He got ____ “A” in the physics test.
A, a, the B, an, an C, a, an D, an, a
17.Our English te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acher asked us to write ____ 80-word short passage yesterday.
A, a B, an C, the D, /
18.____ man near ____ door is ____ Tom's father.
A, The, /, / B, A, the, / C, The, a, / D, The, the, /
19.What ____ useful language it is!
A, a B, an C, / D, the
20.As a boy, John ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) can play ____ football very well, but he can't play ____ piano.
A, the, / B, /, the C, /, / D, the, the
D选择填空：
1. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story.
A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an
2. Britain is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
3. ______China is _____ old country with _____ long history.
A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a
4. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse.
A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the
5. We always have ______rice for ______lunch.
A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the
6. It took me ______ hour and _____ half to finish ______ work.
A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /
7. __ doctor t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old me to take __ medicine three times__day, stay in __bed, then I would be better soon.
A. /, a, a, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /
8. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. I like ____ picture very much.
A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the
9. January is ______first month of the year.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
10. Shut _____door, please.
A. a B. an C. the D./
11. Einstein won _____ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. What ____ fine day it is today! Let's go to the Summer Palace.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. I like music, but I don't like ____ music of that TV play.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
14. ____ girl over there is ____ English teacher.
A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a
15. It's ____ exciting way to shop on the Net.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
16. She was ___ founder of ___ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.
A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an
17. Xi'an is ___ old city with ___ long history, isn't it
A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a
18. Nancy's sister is ____ English teacher, isn't she
A. a B. an C. the D. /
19. Chaffs is______ boy, but he can play the guitar very well.
A. an eight-years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old B. a eight-year-old C. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old
20. We often have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sports after class, and I like to play _____ basketball.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
21.More college gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aduates would like to work in _____ west part of our country ______ next year.
A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, /
22.We work five days ______ week.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
23.-In which class is ______ boy in white -He's in class 4.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
24.-Where do you usually have ______ lunch -At home.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
25.He hit his sister in ______ face.
A. the B. her C. × D. his
26.-Have you seen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ book I left it here this morning.-Is it ______ Chinese book I saw it.
A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a
27.There's ______“u” and ______“s” in ______word “use”.
A. an, a, the B. a, an, × C. a, a, a D. a, an, the
28.-Did you see my grandmother
-Oh, I saw _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.
A. a B. an C. the D. ×
29.-Do you see ______man with dog -Oh, Yes, dog is yellow.
A. the, a, The B. a, a, the C. a, a, A D. a, the, A
30.Who is ______better, Li Ping or Wang Dong
A. the B. a C. an D. ×
第三讲课后练习
( )1.—Who is 　　　 boy playing soccer over there —He is my classmate,Li Ping.
A.a B.不填 C.the D.an
( )2. There is　　　 old piano in 　　　 corner of the living room.
A.an;the B.an;不填 C.a;the D.a;a
( )3.I believe that 　　　 apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A.a B.ahttp://www.21cnjy.com/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )http://www.21cnjy.com/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )http://www.21cnjy.com/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n C.the D./
( )4.Every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )morning he spends 　　　hour doing exercise,then he goes to 　　　 work.
A.an;/ B.a;a C.a;/ D.the;/
( )5.—What 　　　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) useful book it is! —Yeah, it tells you how to play the guitar.
A.an B.a C.the D./
( )6.May is 　　　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) fifth month of the year.It's 　　　 very pleasant month.
A.the;the B.the;a C.a;a D.the;/
( )7.—Will you g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o to school-leavers' party tomorrow —Certainly.I'm going with my parents.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )8.I enjoy ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ving 　　　 breakfast with my family at home.It makes me feel relaxed.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )9.—How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here
—It takes us 　　　 hour to go to my home town by 　　　 train.
A.an;a B.an;/ C.an;the C.a;the
( )10.Don't tell a lie.You are 　　　 honest boy.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )11.—How often do you play tennis
—Twice 　　　 week.And ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I often play it in 　　　 sports center in our school.
A.the;/ B.a;an C.an;the D.a;the
( )12.—Jane, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) found umbrella.Is it yours —No, it's Mike's.Mine is third one on the shelf.
A.a;an B.an;the C.the;a D.a;the
( ) 13.Mr.Fat has eaten five eggs.He wants 　　　 sixth one.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )14.Thos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e girls practiced playing 　　　 football every day and they won the match at last.
A.a B./ C.the D.an
( )15.On 　　　 Child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren's Day,Jack received a prize for being 　　　 honest boy.
A.the;an B./;an C./;a D.the;an
( )16.—Kate is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 　　　 American girl,right —Yes.She is from 　　　 United States.
A.a;the B.an;a C.a;a D.an;the
( )17.Miss Lee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) taught me to be 　 honest person.I will never forget 　 words that she said.
A.a;the B.a;/ C.an;the D.an;/
( )18.Chri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stine is selling her house,but on 　　　 other hand she doesn't want to move.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )19.—Don't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )give up!Perhaps 　　　 hard task needs more of your effort.
—I won't.I'll have 　　　 second try anyway.
A. a;a B.the;a C.a;the D.the;the
参考答案
第三讲：冠词
课堂练习
A 1-10 CCDDB CACDC 11-18 CBABB BCD
B 1-10 ABDBD DDDBA 11-20 CADBB BDDBC
C 1-10 CBABD BDBCA 11-20 DABCD BBDAB
1-5 ACDCA
5-10 CCADC
10-15 CACAB
16-20 DBBDD
21- 25 DAADA
26-30 DDBBD
课后练习
( C )1.( A )2.( B )3.( A )4.( B )5.
( B )6.( C )7.( D )8.( B )9.( B )10.
( D )11.( B )12.( A ) 13.( B )14.( B )15.
( D )16.( C )17.( C )18.( B )19.
① 泛指：指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。
② 类指：指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。
③ 特指：指前面已经提到的人或物，或是指被限定性修饰语在其后加以限制的人或物，也可以指说话双方心中所默认的、特定的人或物。
④ 专指是指类别中的一员或一部分具体物。
注意：a/an 必须 用于单数可数名词前。
① 单数可数名词前用a还是an，不取决于字母而取决于音素
② a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)之前，an用于元音之前
→ This is a B/C/D/G/J/K/P/Q/R/T/U/V/W/Y/Z.
→ This is an A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/S/X.
易错警示：
a number of与the number of的区别:
① a number of意为“许多”，是个固定搭配，修饰可数名词的复数。
②the number of意为“……数量”。
注意：有the无the，意思千差万别
at school在上学 at the school在学校里
at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁
in bed(睡、病、躺)在床上 in the bed在床上
in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院里
by sea乘船 by the sea在海滨
on earth究竟 on the earth在地球上
in front of在……前面(外部) in the front of在……前面(内部)
无定冠词the时强调行为本身 有定冠词the时强调地点