2021年人教版高一上学期英语练考卷1【必修一 Unit 5 】

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2021年人教版高一上学期英语练考卷1【必修一 Unit 5 】
一、任务型阅读
1．根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many parents would like to teach their children English at home, but don't know how to start. It doesn't matter if your own English is not perfect. The most important thing is that you give your children lots of encouragement and praise.　 　 They will need some time to learn the language.
Make it a rule
Try to do certain activities at the same time every day.　 　 For example, you could read an English story with your children before bedtime. Repetition (重复) is important — children often need to hear words many times before they say them themselves.
Playing games
　 　 Cards are a great way to teach words and there are many different games which you can play with cards, such as Memory and Happy Families.
Using everyday situations
The advantage of teaching English at home is that you can use everyday situations to practice the language naturally. For example:
Talk about clothes when your child is getting dressed (＂Let's put on your blue socks＂, etc.).
　 　When you go to the supermarket, give your child a list of things to find.
Using songs
Songs are a really good way to learn new words. Songs with actions are especially good for very young children because they are able to join in.　 　
A. Fifteen minutes is enough for very young children.
B. Children learn naturally when they are having fun.
C. Teach food words when you are cooking or going shopping.
D. The actions often show the meaning of the words in the song.
E. With younger children, there is no need to teach grammar rules.
F. Don't worry if your child doesn't start speaking English immediately.
G. Children feel more comfortable and confident when they know what to expect.
二、完形填空
2．阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案。
Is your mind completely filled with thoughts of something That's called obsession (痴迷). When we think of obsession, we tend to think of the （1） aspects of extreme behavior. It can be unhealthy or dangerous. However, actually, “productive obsessing” can be not only a （2） for boredom and passivity, but also the recipe for a （3） life. Having a productive obsession appears to （4） people to do this, even if things get tough. In contrast, those without passion (激情)may end up letting challenges and difficulties （5） them.
But there is a fine but important （6） between obsession and passion. So how do you （7） a passion, and avoid the negative aspects of obsession
Whatever the project is, it should （8） love and interest. People, who have an unexplored interest in something, but always put it off, should begin by （9） themselves to it for a month. When people do commit themselves on something, even for a month, their brains become retrained. It （10） hesitating and worrying and explores its own potential.
Having a productive obsession leads to various mental （11） : pleasure when things are going very well; （12） when you are offended. The key is being prepared for these states and knowing how to handle them. Being obsessed with a(n) （13） plan for years without putting it into practice is not productive.
Going after something with （14） may not make you outstanding, but you don't know where it will lead until you give it a try. At the very least, it could be the （15） to a satisfying and meaningful life。
（1）A．scientific B．negative
C．various D．psychological
（2）A．cause B．cure
C．stage D．company
（3）A．balanced B．simple
C．healthy D．fulfilling
（4）A．order B．invite
C．drive D．ask
（5）A．defeat B．find
C．change D．shape
（6）A．line B．conflict
C．similarity D．relationship
（7）A．share B．think C．develop D．exhibit
（8）A．stand for B．bring up
C．make use of D．be rooted in
（9）A．sticking B．devoting
C．adapting D．attaching
（10）A．keeps B．means
C．begins D．stops
（11）A．forms B．images C．problems D．states
（12）A．anxiety B．envy
C．anger D．regret
（13）A．successful B．ambitious
C．painful D．unreasonable
（14）A．enthusiasm B．courage
C．creativity D．determination
（15）A．answer B．limit
C．key D．end
三、阅读理解
3．阅读理解
There is a popular saying in the English language: “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.
A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.
The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.
The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.
The researchers published their findings online on the AmericanJournalofPsychiatry's website.
Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.
（1）Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning
A．To show the power of words. B．To introduce an opposite view.
C．To prove the author's argument. D．To show ancient people's wisdom.
（2）What did the subjects of the study have in common
A．They were hurt by unkind words.
B．They performed poorly in imaging tests.
C．They had their brain slightly damaged.
D．They experienced no physical abuse at home.
（3）What will be discussed in the next paragraph
A．Comments on the findings. B．Approaches to further studies.
C．Suggestions to parents. D．Different opinions on the matter.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage
A．The way we speak matters.
B．Verbal violence should be stopped.
C．Unkind words hurt the brain.
D．Words are worse than sticks and stones.
4．阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time—about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps (小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease. Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap—even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
（1）Why do you sometimes feel sleepy in the early afternoon
A．Because it's hot in summer.
B．Because you eat too much for lunch.
C．Because you didn't have a good sleep last night.
D．Because your body temperature goes down at that time.
（2）What can we learn about “naps” according to the last paragraph
A．All the people in warmer climates take naps in the middle of the day.
B．Doctors need to take naps while employers don't.
C．Taking naps regularly is beneficial to people's health.
D．If you take naps every day, you'll never suffer from heart disease.
（3）When do you usually feel sleepy after getting up
A．Five hours later. B．Six hours later.
C．Seven hours later. D．Eight hours later.
（4）What would be the best title for the text
A．Just for a Rest B．All need a Nap
C．A Special Sleep Pattern D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climate
5．阅读理解
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story TheEndurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never been published before.
（1）What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley
A．They were made last week.
B．They showed undersea sceneries.
C．They were found by a cameraman.
D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.
（2）Who reached the South Pole first according to the text
A．Frank Hurley. B．Ernest Shackleton.
C．Robert Falcon Scott. D．Caroline Alexander.
（3）What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.
C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.
6．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C或D）中，选出最佳选项。
Teens don't want to be seen with their parents, much less talk to them or do anything with them. That's what we hear all the time. I don't believe it. Oh, sure, when my daughter and my son were in their teens, they wanted to spend most of their free time with their friends. But there were always those special times planned when we enjoyed being alone with each other, when we connected deeply, and when we were reminded again how much we loved one another.
I recall how delighted my 14-year-old daughter, Alisa, felt when I asked her for a date to see a movie. It was a bittersweet Italian movie, Cinema Paradiso, and I wanted this story to give her a sense of how I grew up as an Italian boy in a small town, where life was simple and where everyone knew one another. I wanted her to know how her father had been brought up and shaped.
We both laughed and cried during the same scenes in the movie. She was attached to the movie. I decided we should complete our evening with some lively conversation at a nearby bakery. I told her the movie was now so much more special for me because I had shared it with her. She smiled. She understood. We made a memory that night.
From our living room window, I saw my 13-year-old son, Jason, tearfully searching our vegetable garden for a place to bury his pet boa constrictor (蟒蛇). Because my son had suffered from asthma (哮喘) and allergies, he could never have a dog, a faithful friend that he wanted so much. Every pet he owned—lizards, fish, or snakes—had died.
I was at his side as we searched for the best gravesite (墓地). We dug the grave, said our goodbyes and then he cried. He cried hard and he asked me why every pet he had owned died so soon. I could feel his heart break against my chest. I just held him close. He let me hold his aching soul. He needed me while he was confused. Share your heart with your teens. Show them repeatedly that you know and love who they really are. There are tender memories waiting to be made.
（1）What can we learn from the passage
A．Children would like to spend time with parents.
B．Parents have trouble in getting along with children.
C．The author always spent time with children in a planned way.
D．The family should help each other at the important moment.
（2）Why did the author choose to see Cinema Paradiso with his daughter
A．To make his daughter laugh.
B．To give his daughter encouragement.
C．To let his daughter love movies.
D．To make his daughter know him better.
（3）What do the underlined words “was attached to” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Disliked B．Loved C．Missed D．Complained of
（4）It can be inferred that________.
A．at some moments, children want to be with parents
B．the author's children cannot take care of themselves
C．it is hard for parents to know the inside of their children
D．the author's son is cruel to cold blooded animals
（5）From the last paragraph we know that________.
A．setting a good example to children is important
B．the author advises people to make memories with their teens
C．the son was touched by what his father had done
D．knowing children's daily activities is necessary
四、改错题
7．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：①每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
②只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My parents run the restaurant in our city. I help out there after school every time when I am free. Yesterday afternoon I went there help out as usual. While I was there, two foreigners from Australia came to have a meal. Learned that they didn't speak Chinese at all, I went up and greeted them with English. I recommended some typical dish to them and they had a nicely meal. After the meal, they expressed their satisfaction with the food but praised me for my English. It was the first time that I have communicated with foreigners. My parents felt proud of mine.
五、书面表达
8．中国汉办柬埔寨孔子学院正在招聘助教志愿者。假如你叫李华, 打算应聘。请根据以下提示写一封自荐信。
条件和要求:
⒈年龄满18岁, 身体健康;
⒉擅长汉语和英语, 具备一定的跨文化交际能力;
⒊具备良好的心理素质和适应能力。
注意：
⒈词数: 100左右;
⒉可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 孔子学院——Confucius Institute
柬埔寨——Cambodia
答案解析部分
1．【答案】F；G；B；C；D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多家长想自己在家教孩子学英语，但是又不知如何开始。针对这个问题，本文给出了几条简单易行的建议。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”They will need some time to learn the language.“他们需要一些时间来学习语言，因此F. Don't worry if your child doesn't start speaking English immediately.＂如果你的孩子没有立刻开口说英语，也不要着急＂符合语境，故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前” Try to do certain activities at the same time every day.“试着每天在相同的时间做特定的活动，空格后一句给出了一个具体的事例，因此G. Children feel more comfortable and confident when they know what to expect.＂当孩子们知道要期待什么东西的时候，他们觉得更加舒服和自信＂符合语境，选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。该段的主旨大意是＂做游戏＂，游戏都是有趣的、好玩的，因此B. Children learn naturally when they are having fun.＂孩子在玩耍的时候自然而然就学到了＂符合语境。选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”When you go to the supermarket, give your child a list of things to find.“当你去超市时，给孩子一个要寻找物品的清单，因此C. Teach food words when you are cooking or going shopping.＂在你做饭或者购物时，教会孩子有关食物的词汇＂符合语境。选C。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前” Songs are a really good way to learn new words. Songs with actions are especially good for very young children because they are able to join in.“带有动作的歌曲尤其适合小孩子，因为他们能参与进来，因此D. The actions often show the meaning of the words in the song.＂通常，这些动作能表现出单词在歌曲中的含义＂符合语境。故选D。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2．【答案】（1）B；（2）B；（3）D；（4）C；（5）A；（6）A；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）D；（11）D；（12）C；（13）B；（14）A；（15）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：我们行事往往最忌痴迷，但是对任何事都毫无热情，有梦想不去实践或者做事半途而废更不可取，因此适度的积极性迷恋是成事的关键。
（1）根据下文“It can be unhealthy or dangerous.”可知，谈到痴迷，人们往往会想到极端行为的消极方面。故选B。
（2）根据下文“It can be unhealthy or dangerous.”可知，谈到痴迷，人们往往会想到极端行为的消极方面。故选B。
（3）根据最后一段“a satisfying and meaningful life”可知，这种“痴迷”也是让人过上有满足感的生活的诀窍。故选D。
（4）根据下文“...even if things get tough.”可知，为了能够有所成就而对某事产生的痴迷，即便事情会变得困难而棘手，它仍会让人觉得有动力，好像被驱动着去努力。故选C。
（5）相反，那些做事没有激情的人就很可能被挑战和困难所打败。故选A。
（6）根据下文“So how do you __7__ a passion，and avoid the negative aspects of obsession？”可知，痴迷与激情还是不同的，它们中间有条细微而重要的分界线。故选A。
（7）根据上文可知，作者认为对事物过分的痴迷是有害而危险的，但是做事如果没有热情也是不可取的，因此此处说的是：如何避免痴迷产生不良影响同时又能够激发热情？故选C。
（8）根据下文“who have an unexplored interest in something ”可知，无论你想做什么，它都应当源于你对这件事的兴趣与热爱。故选D。
（9）根据下文“When people do commit themselves on something...”可知，作者认为那些对某事怀有兴趣却一直推迟、不去实践的人应当花一个月时间致力去做这件事情。故选B。
（10）根据上文“but always put it off”及下文“...hesitating and worrying and explores its own potential.”可知，当人们坚持了一段时间专心做某事之后，就会停止犹豫和担心而开始发掘自身的潜力。 故选D。
（11）根据下文．..“these states”可知，此处指各种精神状态。故选D。
（12）根据下文“...when you are offended.”可知，当人们被冒犯时会感到气愤。故选C。
（13）根据下文“...plan for years without putting it into practice is not productive.”可知，一个人有雄心壮志，如果不去实行就不会有任何结果。故选B。
（14）根据上文“In contrast，those without passion...”可知，此处说的是：怀着激情去做事不一定会使你变得不同凡响。故选A。
（15）根据上文“‘productive obsessing' can be...the recipe for a ____3____life.”可知，怀着激情做事是让人过上美满而有意义的生活的关键。故选C。
【点评】本题主要考查学生对短语的识记和运用能力，以及对文章的理解能力。通过对文章的理解，选出正确的答案.容易出错的是文章语句的理解和短语的记忆。
3．【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了不友善的言语会损害大脑。
（1）考查推理判断。根据此第一段中的“Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called ‘the silent treatment' can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so”可知, 本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点, 故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents”可知, 这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待, 也就是说, 他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children”可知, 作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备, 使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响, 再根据第二段中的“verbal abuse by other children can harm development in the brain”可以看出, 其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，告诉我们午休的重要性并分析人们需要午休的原因，无论什么情况下，我们都需要午休，因为午休对我们的健康很有好处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“At that time—about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. ”可知体温下降是下午人们感觉困的主要原因，故D正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. ”可知在任何气候中，午睡对我们的健康都是有好处的。故D正确。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up.” 可知我们在起床以后8小时会感觉很困。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要告诉我们午休的重要性并分析人们需要午休的原因，无论什么情况下，我们都需要午休，因为午休对我们的健康有很好处。也就是说人人都需要午休。故B正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
【知识点】自然地理类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】一组Frank的图片记录了一次不成功的南极航海活动。文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。
（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“...they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海滩)．..”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故答案为D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole...”可知到达南极的是Captain Scott。故答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行是为了挣钱。故答案为C。
【点评】本文是一篇记叙文，细节理解题是常考的题型，做此类题时，一定要忠实于原文，从原文找出依据。
6．【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：作者通过自己的故事告诉读者：父母应该多找机会和孩子相处，与孩子共同创造美好的回忆。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的“But there were always those special times planned when we enjoyed being alone with each other,...”以及第二段与女儿相处的例子可知，作者总是有计划地与孩子们在一起。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段“...I wanted this story to give her a sense of how I grew up as an Italian boy in a small town，where life was simple and where everyone knew one another. I wanted her to know how her father had been brought up and shaped.”可知，作者选择和女儿一起看《天堂电影院》是为了让她感受到她的父亲是如何在一个小城镇成长的，在那里生活很简单，每个人都互相认识。由此可推测，选择看这部电影是为了让女儿更好地了解她的父亲。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据上一句“We both laughed and cried during the same scenes in the movie”可知，作者的女儿看这部电影的时候十分投入，可知她喜欢这部电影。由此可判断画线词意为“喜欢”。 故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的“He cried hard and he asked me why every pet he had owned died so soon. I could feel his heart break against my chest. I just held him close. He let me hold his aching soul. He needed me while he was confused.”可知，当作者的儿子伤心、困惑时，他需要作者。由此可推断在有些时刻，孩子需要父母在他们身边。故选A。
（5）细节理解题。根据最后一段的“There are tender memories waiting to be made.”可知，作者建议人们和孩子共同创造回忆。故选B。
【点评】该题主要考查了文章的理解和信息的提取,并且也考查了语句的理解,根据题目要求和文章的理解选出正确选项,易错的地方为文章语句的理解和信息的匹配。
7．【答案】⑴the→a
⑵去掉when
⑶help out→to help out
⑷Learned→Learning
⑸with→in
⑹dish→dishes
⑺nicely→nice
⑻but→and
⑼have→had
⑽mine→me
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文讲述作者在自家餐馆接待外国客人的经历。
（1）考查冠词。句意：父母开了一家餐馆。restaurant在文中第一次出现, 故使用不定冠词a，故第一句中the改为a。
（2）考查状语从句。句意：每次我有时间，放学就去帮他们。时间名词every time在句中充当连词, 故when为重复词。故去掉第二句中的when。
（3）考查不定式。句意：昨天下午，我照例去帮忙。不定式充当目的状语，故第三句中help前加to。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：了解到他们根本不懂中文，我就过去用英语跟他们打招呼。现在分词短语在句中作状语，与主语I是主动关系，故第五句中Learned改为Learning。
（5）考查介词。句意：了解到他们根本不懂中文，我就过去用英语跟他们打招呼。短语in English 意为: 用英语，故第五句中with改为in。
（6）考查名词复数。句意：我推荐了几道典型的菜给他们，他们美餐了一顿。该词前面有some, 故使用复数形式。故第六句中dish改为dishes。
（7）考查形容词。句意：我推荐了几道典型的菜给他们，他们美餐了一顿。该词后为名词, 故使用形容词作定语。故第六句中nicely改为nice。
（8）考查连词。句意：他们表达了对饭菜的满意和因为我的英语表扬了我。上下文逻辑关系为顺承关系。故第七句中but改为and。
（9）考查时态。句意：这是我第一次与外国人交流。在句型It was the first time that中, 从句应该使用过去完成时，故第八句中have改为had。
（10）考查代词。句意：我父母对我感到骄傲。故把名词性的物主代词改为相应的宾格。故第九句中mine改为me。
【点评】做短文改错题主要通过通读全文再逐句翻译，本题的第2题和第4题是考查的难点，状语从句重点牢记连接词，非谓语动词主要分析句子结构和把握主被动等关系。
8．【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I'm very glad to learn that teaching assistants are wanted in Confucius Institute in Cambodia, and I would like to be a volunteer. I'm a boy/girl of 18 years old. I have a good knowledge of Chinese as well as English. Also I'm good at intercultural communication and I've got some experience in getting along with Cambodians, so there will be less trouble for me to adapt to the new environment there. What's more, I can work heart and soul because I'm strong both physically and mentally. I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】本写作是一篇提纲类作文。内容是一篇自荐信。人称是第一人称I（李华），内容包含⒈年龄满18岁, 身体健康; ⒉擅长汉语和英语, 具备一定的跨文化交际能力;⒊具备良好的心理素质和适应能力。写作时，首先注意书写工整，再次使用恰当的关键词，如teaching assistants助教，继而使用合理的衔接词 Also、so、What's more,等使文章连贯 。
【点评】写作时要把握要点，正确使用关键词，如助教：teaching assistants、 掌握：have a good knowledge of 等。要合理使用衔接词提升文章档次，如，What's more,而且。同时使用高级句型 I would appreciate it if ...如果...我将不胜感激。
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2021年人教版高一上学期英语练考卷1【必修一 Unit 5 】
一、任务型阅读
1．根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many parents would like to teach their children English at home, but don't know how to start. It doesn't matter if your own English is not perfect. The most important thing is that you give your children lots of encouragement and praise.　 　 They will need some time to learn the language.
Make it a rule
Try to do certain activities at the same time every day.　 　 For example, you could read an English story with your children before bedtime. Repetition (重复) is important — children often need to hear words many times before they say them themselves.
Playing games
　 　 Cards are a great way to teach words and there are many different games which you can play with cards, such as Memory and Happy Families.
Using everyday situations
The advantage of teaching English at home is that you can use everyday situations to practice the language naturally. For example:
Talk about clothes when your child is getting dressed (＂Let's put on your blue socks＂, etc.).
　 　When you go to the supermarket, give your child a list of things to find.
Using songs
Songs are a really good way to learn new words. Songs with actions are especially good for very young children because they are able to join in.　 　
A. Fifteen minutes is enough for very young children.
B. Children learn naturally when they are having fun.
C. Teach food words when you are cooking or going shopping.
D. The actions often show the meaning of the words in the song.
E. With younger children, there is no need to teach grammar rules.
F. Don't worry if your child doesn't start speaking English immediately.
G. Children feel more comfortable and confident when they know what to expect.
【答案】F；G；B；C；D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多家长想自己在家教孩子学英语，但是又不知如何开始。针对这个问题，本文给出了几条简单易行的建议。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”They will need some time to learn the language.“他们需要一些时间来学习语言，因此F. Don't worry if your child doesn't start speaking English immediately.＂如果你的孩子没有立刻开口说英语，也不要着急＂符合语境，故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前” Try to do certain activities at the same time every day.“试着每天在相同的时间做特定的活动，空格后一句给出了一个具体的事例，因此G. Children feel more comfortable and confident when they know what to expect.＂当孩子们知道要期待什么东西的时候，他们觉得更加舒服和自信＂符合语境，选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。该段的主旨大意是＂做游戏＂，游戏都是有趣的、好玩的，因此B. Children learn naturally when they are having fun.＂孩子在玩耍的时候自然而然就学到了＂符合语境。选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”When you go to the supermarket, give your child a list of things to find.“当你去超市时，给孩子一个要寻找物品的清单，因此C. Teach food words when you are cooking or going shopping.＂在你做饭或者购物时，教会孩子有关食物的词汇＂符合语境。选C。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前” Songs are a really good way to learn new words. Songs with actions are especially good for very young children because they are able to join in.“带有动作的歌曲尤其适合小孩子，因为他们能参与进来，因此D. The actions often show the meaning of the words in the song.＂通常，这些动作能表现出单词在歌曲中的含义＂符合语境。故选D。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
二、完形填空
2．阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案。
Is your mind completely filled with thoughts of something That's called obsession (痴迷). When we think of obsession, we tend to think of the （1） aspects of extreme behavior. It can be unhealthy or dangerous. However, actually, “productive obsessing” can be not only a （2） for boredom and passivity, but also the recipe for a （3） life. Having a productive obsession appears to （4） people to do this, even if things get tough. In contrast, those without passion (激情)may end up letting challenges and difficulties （5） them.
But there is a fine but important （6） between obsession and passion. So how do you （7） a passion, and avoid the negative aspects of obsession
Whatever the project is, it should （8） love and interest. People, who have an unexplored interest in something, but always put it off, should begin by （9） themselves to it for a month. When people do commit themselves on something, even for a month, their brains become retrained. It （10） hesitating and worrying and explores its own potential.
Having a productive obsession leads to various mental （11） : pleasure when things are going very well; （12） when you are offended. The key is being prepared for these states and knowing how to handle them. Being obsessed with a(n) （13） plan for years without putting it into practice is not productive.
Going after something with （14） may not make you outstanding, but you don't know where it will lead until you give it a try. At the very least, it could be the （15） to a satisfying and meaningful life。
（1）A．scientific B．negative
C．various D．psychological
（2）A．cause B．cure
C．stage D．company
（3）A．balanced B．simple
C．healthy D．fulfilling
（4）A．order B．invite
C．drive D．ask
（5）A．defeat B．find
C．change D．shape
（6）A．line B．conflict
C．similarity D．relationship
（7）A．share B．think C．develop D．exhibit
（8）A．stand for B．bring up
C．make use of D．be rooted in
（9）A．sticking B．devoting
C．adapting D．attaching
（10）A．keeps B．means
C．begins D．stops
（11）A．forms B．images C．problems D．states
（12）A．anxiety B．envy
C．anger D．regret
（13）A．successful B．ambitious
C．painful D．unreasonable
（14）A．enthusiasm B．courage
C．creativity D．determination
（15）A．answer B．limit
C．key D．end
【答案】（1）B；（2）B；（3）D；（4）C；（5）A；（6）A；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）D；（11）D；（12）C；（13）B；（14）A；（15）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：我们行事往往最忌痴迷，但是对任何事都毫无热情，有梦想不去实践或者做事半途而废更不可取，因此适度的积极性迷恋是成事的关键。
（1）根据下文“It can be unhealthy or dangerous.”可知，谈到痴迷，人们往往会想到极端行为的消极方面。故选B。
（2）根据下文“It can be unhealthy or dangerous.”可知，谈到痴迷，人们往往会想到极端行为的消极方面。故选B。
（3）根据最后一段“a satisfying and meaningful life”可知，这种“痴迷”也是让人过上有满足感的生活的诀窍。故选D。
（4）根据下文“...even if things get tough.”可知，为了能够有所成就而对某事产生的痴迷，即便事情会变得困难而棘手，它仍会让人觉得有动力，好像被驱动着去努力。故选C。
（5）相反，那些做事没有激情的人就很可能被挑战和困难所打败。故选A。
（6）根据下文“So how do you __7__ a passion，and avoid the negative aspects of obsession？”可知，痴迷与激情还是不同的，它们中间有条细微而重要的分界线。故选A。
（7）根据上文可知，作者认为对事物过分的痴迷是有害而危险的，但是做事如果没有热情也是不可取的，因此此处说的是：如何避免痴迷产生不良影响同时又能够激发热情？故选C。
（8）根据下文“who have an unexplored interest in something ”可知，无论你想做什么，它都应当源于你对这件事的兴趣与热爱。故选D。
（9）根据下文“When people do commit themselves on something...”可知，作者认为那些对某事怀有兴趣却一直推迟、不去实践的人应当花一个月时间致力去做这件事情。故选B。
（10）根据上文“but always put it off”及下文“...hesitating and worrying and explores its own potential.”可知，当人们坚持了一段时间专心做某事之后，就会停止犹豫和担心而开始发掘自身的潜力。 故选D。
（11）根据下文．..“these states”可知，此处指各种精神状态。故选D。
（12）根据下文“...when you are offended.”可知，当人们被冒犯时会感到气愤。故选C。
（13）根据下文“...plan for years without putting it into practice is not productive.”可知，一个人有雄心壮志，如果不去实行就不会有任何结果。故选B。
（14）根据上文“In contrast，those without passion...”可知，此处说的是：怀着激情去做事不一定会使你变得不同凡响。故选A。
（15）根据上文“‘productive obsessing' can be...the recipe for a ____3____life.”可知，怀着激情做事是让人过上美满而有意义的生活的关键。故选C。
【点评】本题主要考查学生对短语的识记和运用能力，以及对文章的理解能力。通过对文章的理解，选出正确的答案.容易出错的是文章语句的理解和短语的记忆。
三、阅读理解
3．阅读理解
There is a popular saying in the English language: “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.
A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.
The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.
The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.
The researchers published their findings online on the AmericanJournalofPsychiatry's website.
Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.
（1）Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning
A．To show the power of words. B．To introduce an opposite view.
C．To prove the author's argument. D．To show ancient people's wisdom.
（2）What did the subjects of the study have in common
A．They were hurt by unkind words.
B．They performed poorly in imaging tests.
C．They had their brain slightly damaged.
D．They experienced no physical abuse at home.
（3）What will be discussed in the next paragraph
A．Comments on the findings. B．Approaches to further studies.
C．Suggestions to parents. D．Different opinions on the matter.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage
A．The way we speak matters.
B．Verbal violence should be stopped.
C．Unkind words hurt the brain.
D．Words are worse than sticks and stones.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；社会文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了不友善的言语会损害大脑。
（1）考查推理判断。根据此第一段中的“Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called ‘the silent treatment' can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so”可知, 本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点, 故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents”可知, 这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待, 也就是说, 他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children”可知, 作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备, 使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响, 再根据第二段中的“verbal abuse by other children can harm development in the brain”可以看出, 其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time—about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps (小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease. Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap—even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
（1）Why do you sometimes feel sleepy in the early afternoon
A．Because it's hot in summer.
B．Because you eat too much for lunch.
C．Because you didn't have a good sleep last night.
D．Because your body temperature goes down at that time.
（2）What can we learn about “naps” according to the last paragraph
A．All the people in warmer climates take naps in the middle of the day.
B．Doctors need to take naps while employers don't.
C．Taking naps regularly is beneficial to people's health.
D．If you take naps every day, you'll never suffer from heart disease.
（3）When do you usually feel sleepy after getting up
A．Five hours later. B．Six hours later.
C．Seven hours later. D．Eight hours later.
（4）What would be the best title for the text
A．Just for a Rest B．All need a Nap
C．A Special Sleep Pattern D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climate
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，告诉我们午休的重要性并分析人们需要午休的原因，无论什么情况下，我们都需要午休，因为午休对我们的健康很有好处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“At that time—about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. ”可知体温下降是下午人们感觉困的主要原因，故D正确。
（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. ”可知在任何气候中，午睡对我们的健康都是有好处的。故D正确。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up.” 可知我们在起床以后8小时会感觉很困。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要告诉我们午休的重要性并分析人们需要午休的原因，无论什么情况下，我们都需要午休，因为午休对我们的健康有很好处。也就是说人人都需要午休。故B正确。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story TheEndurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never been published before.
（1）What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley
A．They were made last week.
B．They showed undersea sceneries.
C．They were found by a cameraman.
D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.
（2）Who reached the South Pole first according to the text
A．Frank Hurley. B．Ernest Shackleton.
C．Robert Falcon Scott. D．Caroline Alexander.
（3）What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research.
C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
【知识点】自然地理类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】一组Frank的图片记录了一次不成功的南极航海活动。文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。
（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“...they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海滩)．..”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故答案为D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole...”可知到达南极的是Captain Scott。故答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行是为了挣钱。故答案为C。
【点评】本文是一篇记叙文，细节理解题是常考的题型，做此类题时，一定要忠实于原文，从原文找出依据。
6．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C或D）中，选出最佳选项。
Teens don't want to be seen with their parents, much less talk to them or do anything with them. That's what we hear all the time. I don't believe it. Oh, sure, when my daughter and my son were in their teens, they wanted to spend most of their free time with their friends. But there were always those special times planned when we enjoyed being alone with each other, when we connected deeply, and when we were reminded again how much we loved one another.
I recall how delighted my 14-year-old daughter, Alisa, felt when I asked her for a date to see a movie. It was a bittersweet Italian movie, Cinema Paradiso, and I wanted this story to give her a sense of how I grew up as an Italian boy in a small town, where life was simple and where everyone knew one another. I wanted her to know how her father had been brought up and shaped.
We both laughed and cried during the same scenes in the movie. She was attached to the movie. I decided we should complete our evening with some lively conversation at a nearby bakery. I told her the movie was now so much more special for me because I had shared it with her. She smiled. She understood. We made a memory that night.
From our living room window, I saw my 13-year-old son, Jason, tearfully searching our vegetable garden for a place to bury his pet boa constrictor (蟒蛇). Because my son had suffered from asthma (哮喘) and allergies, he could never have a dog, a faithful friend that he wanted so much. Every pet he owned—lizards, fish, or snakes—had died.
I was at his side as we searched for the best gravesite (墓地). We dug the grave, said our goodbyes and then he cried. He cried hard and he asked me why every pet he had owned died so soon. I could feel his heart break against my chest. I just held him close. He let me hold his aching soul. He needed me while he was confused. Share your heart with your teens. Show them repeatedly that you know and love who they really are. There are tender memories waiting to be made.
（1）What can we learn from the passage
A．Children would like to spend time with parents.
B．Parents have trouble in getting along with children.
C．The author always spent time with children in a planned way.
D．The family should help each other at the important moment.
（2）Why did the author choose to see Cinema Paradiso with his daughter
A．To make his daughter laugh.
B．To give his daughter encouragement.
C．To let his daughter love movies.
D．To make his daughter know him better.
（3）What do the underlined words “was attached to” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Disliked B．Loved C．Missed D．Complained of
（4）It can be inferred that________.
A．at some moments, children want to be with parents
B．the author's children cannot take care of themselves
C．it is hard for parents to know the inside of their children
D．the author's son is cruel to cold blooded animals
（5）From the last paragraph we know that________.
A．setting a good example to children is important
B．the author advises people to make memories with their teens
C．the son was touched by what his father had done
D．knowing children's daily activities is necessary
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：作者通过自己的故事告诉读者：父母应该多找机会和孩子相处，与孩子共同创造美好的回忆。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的“But there were always those special times planned when we enjoyed being alone with each other,...”以及第二段与女儿相处的例子可知，作者总是有计划地与孩子们在一起。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段“...I wanted this story to give her a sense of how I grew up as an Italian boy in a small town，where life was simple and where everyone knew one another. I wanted her to know how her father had been brought up and shaped.”可知，作者选择和女儿一起看《天堂电影院》是为了让她感受到她的父亲是如何在一个小城镇成长的，在那里生活很简单，每个人都互相认识。由此可推测，选择看这部电影是为了让女儿更好地了解她的父亲。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据上一句“We both laughed and cried during the same scenes in the movie”可知，作者的女儿看这部电影的时候十分投入，可知她喜欢这部电影。由此可判断画线词意为“喜欢”。 故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的“He cried hard and he asked me why every pet he had owned died so soon. I could feel his heart break against my chest. I just held him close. He let me hold his aching soul. He needed me while he was confused.”可知，当作者的儿子伤心、困惑时，他需要作者。由此可推断在有些时刻，孩子需要父母在他们身边。故选A。
（5）细节理解题。根据最后一段的“There are tender memories waiting to be made.”可知，作者建议人们和孩子共同创造回忆。故选B。
【点评】该题主要考查了文章的理解和信息的提取,并且也考查了语句的理解,根据题目要求和文章的理解选出正确选项,易错的地方为文章语句的理解和信息的匹配。
四、改错题
7．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：①每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
②只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My parents run the restaurant in our city. I help out there after school every time when I am free. Yesterday afternoon I went there help out as usual. While I was there, two foreigners from Australia came to have a meal. Learned that they didn't speak Chinese at all, I went up and greeted them with English. I recommended some typical dish to them and they had a nicely meal. After the meal, they expressed their satisfaction with the food but praised me for my English. It was the first time that I have communicated with foreigners. My parents felt proud of mine.
【答案】⑴the→a
⑵去掉when
⑶help out→to help out
⑷Learned→Learning
⑸with→in
⑹dish→dishes
⑺nicely→nice
⑻but→and
⑼have→had
⑽mine→me
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文讲述作者在自家餐馆接待外国客人的经历。
（1）考查冠词。句意：父母开了一家餐馆。restaurant在文中第一次出现, 故使用不定冠词a，故第一句中the改为a。
（2）考查状语从句。句意：每次我有时间，放学就去帮他们。时间名词every time在句中充当连词, 故when为重复词。故去掉第二句中的when。
（3）考查不定式。句意：昨天下午，我照例去帮忙。不定式充当目的状语，故第三句中help前加to。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：了解到他们根本不懂中文，我就过去用英语跟他们打招呼。现在分词短语在句中作状语，与主语I是主动关系，故第五句中Learned改为Learning。
（5）考查介词。句意：了解到他们根本不懂中文，我就过去用英语跟他们打招呼。短语in English 意为: 用英语，故第五句中with改为in。
（6）考查名词复数。句意：我推荐了几道典型的菜给他们，他们美餐了一顿。该词前面有some, 故使用复数形式。故第六句中dish改为dishes。
（7）考查形容词。句意：我推荐了几道典型的菜给他们，他们美餐了一顿。该词后为名词, 故使用形容词作定语。故第六句中nicely改为nice。
（8）考查连词。句意：他们表达了对饭菜的满意和因为我的英语表扬了我。上下文逻辑关系为顺承关系。故第七句中but改为and。
（9）考查时态。句意：这是我第一次与外国人交流。在句型It was the first time that中, 从句应该使用过去完成时，故第八句中have改为had。
（10）考查代词。句意：我父母对我感到骄傲。故把名词性的物主代词改为相应的宾格。故第九句中mine改为me。
【点评】做短文改错题主要通过通读全文再逐句翻译，本题的第2题和第4题是考查的难点，状语从句重点牢记连接词，非谓语动词主要分析句子结构和把握主被动等关系。
五、书面表达
8．中国汉办柬埔寨孔子学院正在招聘助教志愿者。假如你叫李华, 打算应聘。请根据以下提示写一封自荐信。
条件和要求:
⒈年龄满18岁, 身体健康;
⒉擅长汉语和英语, 具备一定的跨文化交际能力;
⒊具备良好的心理素质和适应能力。
注意：
⒈词数: 100左右;
⒉可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 孔子学院——Confucius Institute
柬埔寨——Cambodia
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I'm very glad to learn that teaching assistants are wanted in Confucius Institute in Cambodia, and I would like to be a volunteer. I'm a boy/girl of 18 years old. I have a good knowledge of Chinese as well as English. Also I'm good at intercultural communication and I've got some experience in getting along with Cambodians, so there will be less trouble for me to adapt to the new environment there. What's more, I can work heart and soul because I'm strong both physically and mentally. I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】本写作是一篇提纲类作文。内容是一篇自荐信。人称是第一人称I（李华），内容包含⒈年龄满18岁, 身体健康; ⒉擅长汉语和英语, 具备一定的跨文化交际能力;⒊具备良好的心理素质和适应能力。写作时，首先注意书写工整，再次使用恰当的关键词，如teaching assistants助教，继而使用合理的衔接词 Also、so、What's more,等使文章连贯 。
【点评】写作时要把握要点，正确使用关键词，如助教：teaching assistants、 掌握：have a good knowledge of 等。要合理使用衔接词提升文章档次，如，What's more,而且。同时使用高级句型 I would appreciate it if ...如果...我将不胜感激。
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