中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022高考英语语法专题专题之名词（学生版）
目录 内容
Section A 真题感悟
Section B 知识梳理
Section C 课堂练习
Section D 课后作业
Section E 巩固提升
1：语法填空
1．（2021·天津卷）Great impr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ovements in public health have been brought about by ________ （advance）in medical science.21世纪教育网版权所有
2．（2021·全国乙卷） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.21·cn·jy·com
3．(2021·新高考I卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.
4．(2021·浙江卷)Bea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their （marry）ceremony in 1842.
5．（2021年全国甲卷）Suppose ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.21*cnjy*com
6．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山).
7．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Fill ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed with (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
8．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The plum ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) （tree） are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
9．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Hist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
10．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)In re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.
11．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)When ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch,together with the story behind it.
2：短文改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
2.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily,I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)My mom is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everyone’s surprising,the ball went into the net.
6.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ootball player on the playground cheered loudly,saying that I had a talent for football.
7.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Since I w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as a kid,I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
1：考点梳理
1.可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
规则 例词
一般在词尾加-s map—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es class—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes
以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf—leaves,thief—thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves
加-s belief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s toy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos
两者皆可 zero—zeros/zeroesvolcano—volcanos/volcanoesmosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes
规则 例词
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos
以-th结尾的名词加-s truth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths
(2)不规则变化
规则 例词
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice
单复数相同 species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin
只有复数形式 ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents
一些集体名词总是用作复数 people,police,cattle,staff
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) audience,class,family ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party
复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关),forces( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
表示“某国人” 加-s Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形 Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen,Frenchwomen
合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers,men servants
考点2 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词一般不能直接用不定冠词或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数词修饰，而应与特定的单位名词连用来表示量的概念，如：a cup of tea, four pieces of bread等。21教育网
2. 抽象名词的具体化
这类名词如果仅仅表示某种概念，是不可数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词；如果表示具体的人或事，就成了可数名词，前面常加不定冠词，如：pleasure, help, honor, surprise, success, failure等。有些抽象名词在具体化时，还可以用复数形式出现，如：no pains, no gains；表示特指时，可与定冠词连用。21·世纪*教育网
3. 学科名词和集体名词的意义
(1)有些学科名词以s结尾，但表示单数意义，如：physics, maths, politics等。
(2)有些集体名词通常只用于表示复数概念，如：police, people, cattle等。
(3)有些集体名词在表示整体 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时为单数概念，在表示集体中的各个成员时为复数概念，如：class, family, couple, audience, government, public等。www-2-1-cnjy-com
考点3 名词所有格
1. 表示有生命物体的名词所有格
(1)一般在词尾加’s，如：the boy’s bag, men’s rooms等。
(2)以s结尾的词直接加’，如：the workers’ struggle， the students’ reading room等。
(3)并列名词表示各自所属时，在名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后都加’s，如：John’s and Mary’s rooms(约翰和玛丽各自的房间)；表示共同所属时，在最后一个名词后加’s，如：John and Mary’s room(约翰和玛丽共同的房间)。21cnjy.com
(4)在表示店铺、餐馆、诊所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的名称或某人的家时，其所有格后面的名词可省略，如：at the doctor’s在诊所，at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2.of所有格的用法
用于无生命的东西 the legs of the chair,the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时 the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词 the struggle of the oppressed
考点4 名词作定语
1. 名词作定语时一般用单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数，表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。例如：stone figures石像， paper money纸币， book stores书店， evening dress晚礼服。
2. 有些情况下，也可用复数作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定语。例如：a goods train货运列车， two men doctors两个男医生， a clothes shop服装店， a sales manager销售经理。【出处：21教育名师】
3. “数字＋连字符＋名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”作定语时，名词一般用单数形式。例如：a five-year plan一个五年计划，a ten-mile walk一段十英里的路程。【版权所有：21教育】
考点5 名词与固定搭配
名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。常见短语如下：
make preparations ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for, make friends with, give regards to, make both ends meet, fix one’s eyes upon/on, in great demand，in high spirits，in agreement with，pay attention to，keep pace with，attach importance to，gain/have an advantage over，make a/no/some difference
一、单句改错
1. I need to stay in the hospital for at least two week. 21教育名师原创作品
2. He stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3. My old classroom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was interesting because three side of it were made of glass.
4. For example, we c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an do reading for one and a half hour and do sports for one hour every day. 21*cnjy*com
5. One of my unfo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes.
6. It was very strange to travel without any luggages.
7. Tourists were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led around like sheeps, from one shop to another shop.
8. He was ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
9. “Excuse me, ” sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e said, putting her arm around the unhappy old woman.
10. A nearby comp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any was looking for students with good handwriting to write addresses on envelope.2·1·c·n·j·y
二、单句语法填空
1. The polic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e were delayed by the ____________ (absent) of information about the crime.
2. A light breeze ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) stirred the ____________ (leaf) of the tall oak tree outside her window.
3. He devotes his time to the ____________ (acquire) of knowledge.
4. They are now under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport ____________ (secure).
5. I’m quite in ____________ (agree) with your decision.
6. It’s smaller in size but greater in ____________ (weigh). 2-1-c-n-j-y
7. Please remember ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to take all your personal ____________ (possess) with you when you leave the aircraft.
8. The community h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere has been ruined by poverty and ____________ (employment).
9. It’s impo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rtant to brush your ____________ (tooth) at least twice a day.
10. Over three hundr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed people have died of ____________ (starve) since the beginning of the year.
一、单句改错
1. There are adva ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntage for students to work while studying at school.
2. All over the world, men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports.
3. The second ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) man pointed to his glass and asked if the angel could cure his poor eyesight.
4. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
5. He agreed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) read my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.
6. And I came to un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )derstand it was not easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change my life.
7. Last winter w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hen I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
8. When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
9. After supper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
10. At that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”
二、单句语法填空
1. The teacher prai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed her for her ____________ (anxious) for knowledge.
2. Chengdu ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____________ (attract).
3. Children shoul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d ask their parents’ ____________ (permit) before making phone calls.
4. Always read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the ____________ (instruct) before you start taking the medicine.
5. It now seems u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nlikely that it will be possible to reach a peaceful ____________ (settle) of the conflict.
6. Applicants must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) satisfy the ____________ (require) for admission to the university.
7. He searched f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or a sign of ____________ (recognize) on her face, but there was none.
8. Landing on the moon was a remarkable ____________ (achieve).
9. Fortunately, the un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iversity provides students with many ____________ (employ) opportunities.
10. He often nods ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the ____________ (passer-by) as if he knew all of them.
1：语法填空
1. (apology) o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.
2.The factory u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which were saved for other (purpose).
3.A hundred year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ago, (explorer) at that time were taking a tremendous risk in approaching the cold wonderland on the southernmost tip of the planet.
4.Chinese people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are becoming richer and more international.What has not changed is their (stomach).
2：短文改错
1.She has taught us a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lot of English knowledges and how to be a good citizen.
2.I suddenly f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ound that Lin Ling,one of my classmate,worked as a waitress there.
3.For exampl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e,businessmen are more likely to travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves.
4.Last year,my fami ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lies and I went camping in the countryside.It was one of the exciting experiences I had ever had.
5.I hope my advices can help you improve your health.
3：篇章训练
（A）
A concrete bookstore ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )under 1 （construct）in Wisdom Bay innovation park in Shanghai will be the first 3D-printed bookstore in China, and it is due to open to the public at the end of January, 2021.www.21-cn-jy.com
"The bookstore ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was printed on-site in three weeks,” He Yuting, 2 is responsible for this project, from Tsinghua University School of Architecture in Beijing, told the Global Times on Thursday. The printing work has finished and the bookstore will 3 （decorate）, He told the reporter.
4 （compa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re）with simple works such as a 3D-printed flower basin, the bookstore is an innovative attempt in the architecture field, as the 3D-printed architecture is 5 （cheap）than conventional construction techniques and saves time, He said.
6 makes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )this bookstore so unique, is that “we used fiber concrete to resist compression,” He added, 7 （note）that the floor also has a heating system.
He mentioned th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e 3D-printed bookstore is as safe as traditional concrete construction based on their experimental data in 8 （term）of structure and earthquake resistance.
So far, differen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t teams in France, Switzerland and Russia all 9 （have）similar research on 3D-printed concrete technology, 10 China’s research and achievements in this field are among the best in the world, according to He.
（B）
Last week our teac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are：Who will you go in times of trouble Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
Section A：真题感悟
Section B：知识梳理
Section C：课堂练习
Section D：课后作业
Section E：巩固提升
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HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022高考英语语法专题专题之名词（教师版）
目录 内容
Section A 真题感悟
Section B 知识梳理
Section C 课堂练习
Section D 课后作业
Section E 巩固提升
1：语法填空
1．（2021·天津卷）Great imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rovements in public health have been brought about by ________ （advance）in medical science.21世纪教育网版权所有
2．（2021·全国乙卷） (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.21·cn·jy·com
3．(2021·新高考I卷)Going to M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.www-2-1-cnjy-com
4．(2021·浙江卷)Beaut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their （marry）ceremony in 1842.
5．（2021年全国甲卷）Suppo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.21*cnjy*com
6．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The far s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ide of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山).
7．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Fill ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed with (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
8．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he plum （tree） are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
9．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
10．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.
11．(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)When th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch,together with the story behind it.
参考答案：
1：advances 2：activities 3：humans 4：marriage 5：watchtowers
6：interest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )7：curiosity 8：trees 9：accuracy 10：belief 11：competition
2：短文改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ext I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
2.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily,I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)To e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )veryone’s surprising,the ball went into the net.
6.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,saying that I had a talent for football.
7.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ince I was a kid,I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
参考答案：
1.chopstick→chopsticks 2.city→cities 3.vacations→vacation
4.families→fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mily 5.surprising→surprise 6.player→players 7.job→jobs
1：考点梳理
1.可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
规则 例词
一般在词尾加-s map—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es class—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes
以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf—leaves,thief—thie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves
加-s belief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s toy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos
两者皆可 zero—zeros/zeroesvolcano—volcanos/volcanoesmosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes
规则 例词
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos
以-th结尾的名词加-s truth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths
(2)不规则变化
规则 例词
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice
单复数相同 species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin
只有复数形式 ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents
一些集体名词总是用作复数 people,police,cattle,staff
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) audience,class,family, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party
复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关),forces(军 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
表示“某国人” 加-s Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形 Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen,Frenchwomen
合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers,men servants
考点2 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词一般不能直接用不定冠词或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数词修饰，而应与特定的单位名词连用来表示量的概念，如：a cup of tea, four pieces of bread等。www.21-cn-jy.com
2. 抽象名词的具体化
这类名词如果仅仅表示某种概念 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，是不可数名词；如果表示具体的人或事，就成了可数名词，前面常加不定冠词，如：pleasure, help, honor, surprise, success, failure等。有些抽象名词在具体化时，还可以用复数形式出现，如：no pains, no gains；表示特指时，可与定冠词连用。2·1·c·n·j·y
3. 学科名词和集体名词的意义
(1)有些学科名词以s结尾，但表示单数意义，如：physics, maths, politics等。
(2)有些集体名词通常只用于表示复数概念，如：police, people, cattle等。
(3)有些集体名词在表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )整体时为单数概念，在表示集体中的各个成员时为复数概念，如：class, family, couple, audience, government, public等。21·世纪*教育网
考点3 名词所有格
1. 表示有生命物体的名词所有格
(1)一般在词尾加’s，如：the boy’s bag, men’s rooms等。
(2)以s结尾的词直接加’，如：the workers’ struggle， the students’ reading room等。
(3)并列名词表示各自所属时，在名词后都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )加’s，如：John’s and Mary’s rooms(约翰和玛丽各自的房间)；表示共同所属时，在最后一个名词后加’s，如：John and Mary’s room(约翰和玛丽共同的房间)。2-1-c-n-j-y
(4)在表示店铺、餐馆、诊所的名称或某人的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )家时，其所有格后面的名词可省略，如：at the doctor’s在诊所，at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。21教育名师原创作品
2.of所有格的用法
用于无生命的东西 the legs of the chair,the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时 the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词 the struggle of the oppressed
考点4 名词作定语
1. 名词作定语时一般用单数，表示类别、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。例如：stone figures石像， paper money纸币， book stores书店， evening dress晚礼服。
2. 有些情况下，也可用复数作定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语。例如：a goods train货运列车， two men doctors两个男医生， a clothes shop服装店， a sales manager销售经理。21*cnjy*com
3. “数字＋连字符＋名词” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作定语时，名词一般用单数形式。例如：a five-year plan一个五年计划，a ten-mile walk一段十英里的路程。
考点5 名词与固定搭配
名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。常见短语如下：
make preparations f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or, make friends with, give regards to, make both ends meet, fix one’s eyes upon/on, in great demand，in high spirits，in agreement with，pay attention to，keep pace with，attach importance to，gain/have an advantage over，make a/no/some difference
一、单句改错
1. I need to stay in the hospital for at least two week.
2. He stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees.
3. My old classroom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was interesting because three side of it were made of glass.
4. For example ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), we can do reading for one and a half hour and do sports for one hour every day.
5. One of my unforg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. 21教育网
6. It was very strange to travel without any luggages.
7. Tourists were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) led around like sheeps, from one shop to another shop.
8. He was tal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
9. “Excuse me, ” she s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aid, putting her arm around the unhappy old woman.
10. A nearby c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ompany was looking for students with good handwriting to write addresses on envelope.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
参考答案：
1. week改为weeks 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ball改为balls 3. side改为sides 4. 第一个hour改为hours 5. memory改为memories 6. luggages改为luggage 7. sheeps改为sheep 8. shoulder改为shoulders 9. arm改为arms 10. envelope改为envelopes 【版权所有：21教育】
二、单句语法填空
1. The police were del ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ayed by the ____________ (absent) of information about the crime.
2. A light breeze ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stirred the ____________ (leaf) of the tall oak tree outside her window.
3. He devotes his time to the ____________ (acquire) of knowledge.
4. They are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport ____________ (secure).
5. I’m quite in ____________ (agree) with your decision.
6. It’s smaller in size but greater in ____________ (weigh).
7. Please rem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ember to take all your personal ____________ (possess) with you when you leave the aircraft.
8. The community ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) here has been ruined by poverty and ____________ (employment).
9. It’s important to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rush your ____________ (tooth) at least twice a day.
10. Over three h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )undred people have died of ____________ (starve) since the beginning of the year.
参考答案：
1. absence 2. lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ves 3. acquisition 4. security 5. agreement 6. weight 7. possessions 8. unemployment 9. teeth 10. starvation
一、单句改错
1. There are advantag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e for students to work while studying at school.
2. All over the world, men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports.
3. The second man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pointed to his glass and asked if the angel could cure his poor eyesight.
4. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
5. He agreed to re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.
6. And I came ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to understand it was not easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change my life.
7. Last winter when I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
8. When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
9. After supper, w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
10. At that mom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”
参考答案：
1. advantage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )改为advantages 2. woman改为women 3. glass改为glasses 4. airs改为air 5. advices改为advice 6. knowledges改为knowledge 7. chicken改为chickens 8. Friday’s改为Friday 9. sort改为sorts 10. mistake 改为 mistakes【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
二、单句语法填空
1. The teacher p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raised her for her ____________ (anxious) for knowledge.
2. Chengdu has do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )zens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____________ (attract).
3. Children sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould ask their parents’ ____________ (permit) before making phone calls.
4. Always read the __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__________ (instruct) before you start taking the medicine.
5. It now seems u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nlikely that it will be possible to reach a peaceful ____________ (settle) of the conflict.
6. Applicants must s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atisfy the ____________ (require) for admission to the university.
7. He searched for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a sign of ____________ (recognize) on her face, but there was none.
8. Landing on the moon was a remarkable ____________ (achieve).
9. Fortunately, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) university provides students with many ____________ (employ) opportunities. 【出处：21教育名师】
10. He often ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nods to the ____________ (passer-by) as if he knew all of them.
参考答案：
1. anxiety 2. attra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ction 13. permission 4. instructions 5. settlement 6. requirements 7. recognition 8. achievement 9. employment 10. passers-by
1：语法填空
1. (apology) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.
2.The factory ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which were saved for other (purpose).
3.A hundred year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ago, (explorer) at that time were taking a tremendous risk in approaching the cold wonderland on the southernmost tip of the planet.
4.Chinese people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are becoming richer and more international.What has not changed is their (stomach).
参考答案：
1.Apologies 2.purposes 3.explorers 4.stomachs
2：短文改错
1.She has taught us a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lot of English knowledges and how to be a good citizen.
2.I suddenly found ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that Lin Ling,one of my classmate,worked as a waitress there.
3.For example ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),businessmen are more likely to travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves.
4.Last year,my familie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s and I went camping in the countryside.It was one of the exciting experiences I had ever had.
5.I hope my advices can help you improve your health.
参考答案：
1.knowledges→knowl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )edge 2.classmate→classmates 3.worker→workers 4.families→family 5.advices→advice
3：篇章训练
（A）
A concrete boo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kstore under 1 （construct）in Wisdom Bay innovation park in Shanghai will be the first 3D-printed bookstore in China, and it is due to open to the public at the end of January, 2021.
"The bookstor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e was printed on-site in three weeks,” He Yuting, 2 is responsible for this project, from Tsinghua University School of Architecture in Beijing, told the Global Times on Thursday. The printing work has finished and the bookstore will 3 （decorate）, He told the reporter.
4 （compa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re）with simple works such as a 3D-printed flower basin, the bookstore is an innovative attempt in the architecture field, as the 3D-printed architecture is 5 （cheap）than conventional construction techniques and saves time, He said.
6 makes this boo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kstore so unique, is that “we used fiber concrete to resist compression,” He added, 7 （note）that the floor also has a heating system.
He mentioned the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 3D-printed bookstore is as safe as traditional concrete construction based on their experimental data in 8 （term）of structure and earthquake resistance.
So far, differen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t teams in France, Switzerland and Russia all 9 （have）similar research on 3D-printed concrete technology, 10 China’s research and achievements in this field are among the best in the world, according to He.21cnjy.com
参考答案：
1.考查名词。句意：上海智慧湾创新园区 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )正在建设一家混凝土书店，这将是中国第一家3D打印书店，预计于2021年1月底向公众开放。分析句子可知，under“在……之下”后应该填写名词作宾语，construct“建设”为动词，应该改为对应的名词。故填construction。
2.考查定语从句。句意：周四，北京清华大学建 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )筑学院负责该项目的何宇庭告诉《环球时报》：“书店在三周内就完成了现场印刷。”本句为非限制性定语从句，He Yuting为人名，为先行词，作定语从句的主语，用who引导定语从句。故填who。
3.考查时态和语态。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他告诉记者，印刷工作已经完成，书店将装修。分析句子可知，and连接并列句，decorate与bookstore构成动宾关系，句子为被动语态，且根据will可知，此处为一般将来时。故填be decorated。
4.考查过去分词。句意：他说，与3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )D打印花盆等简单作品相比，这家书店是建筑领域的创新尝试，因为3D打印建筑比传统施工技术更便宜，更节省时间。分析句子结构可知，逗号前作句子的状语，逻辑主语the bookstore与compare为被动关系，此处用过去分词作状语。故填Compared。
5.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han“比”可知，句子为比较级，且放在is后面用cheap的比较级cheaper作表语。故填cheaper。
6.考查主语从句。句意：让这家 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )书店如此独特的是，“我们使用了纤维混凝土来抵抗压缩，”他补充道，并指出地板上还有一个供暖系统。分析句子结构可知，is前面的部分为主句部分的主语，为主语从句，且从句部分缺少句子的主语，用what指代。故填What。
7.考查现在分词。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处表示伴随状语，且逻辑主语he与note为主动关系，用note的现在分词。故填nothing。
8.考查短语。句意：他提到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，从结构和抗震性能的实验数据来看，3D打印书店和传统的混凝土建筑一样安全。in terms of意思为：在……方面，符合题意。故填terms。
9.考查时态。句意：到目前为止，法国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、瑞士和俄罗斯的不同团队都对3D打印混凝土技术进行了类似的研究，但中国在该领域的研究和成果是世界上最好的。根据so far可知，句子为现在完成时，主语为teams，为复数名词。故填have had。
10.考查连词。句意同上。空处缺少连词连接两个句子，且后句为前一句的转折或者递进关系，用连词but或者and。故填but/and。
（B）
Last week our tea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are：Who will you go in times of trouble Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
参考答案：
1.考查主谓一致。句意：其中的一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问题是：你遇到麻烦时会去找谁？one of the +名词复数，意为“……之一”，为单数含义，所以其后的系动词应用单数。结合句意，此处指问卷调查中的一个问题，所以为客观事实，时态用一般现在时。故are改为is。
2.考查固定结构。句意同上。短语go to sb.“求助于某人”相当于短语turn to sb. for help。故go后加to。
3.考查名词复数。句意：许多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们是同龄人，能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词，结合句中their，所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。
4.考查固定短语。句意：一些说他们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )会向他们的父母或老师求助。固定短语turn to sb. for help，意为“向某人求助”，所以此处删除介词out。故删除turn后的out。
5.考查代词。句意：只有一些人选择自己 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解决问题。结合上文“Many students say...”及“Some will turn...”可知，此处指一些学生。student为可数名词，应用a few代指。a little通常代指不可数名词。故little改为few。
6.考查代词。句意同上。短语on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one’s own，意为“独自”，结合句意可知，此处指学生们独自完成，所以要用代词their。故our改为their。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
8.考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。
9.考查连词。句意：在我看来，当我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们有麻烦时（无论什么时候我们有麻烦时），我们应该从我们最相信的人们那里寻求帮助。分析可知，本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主句为we should seek help...，从句表示的含义为无论什么时候我们有麻烦或者当我们有麻烦时，所以应用when/whenever引导。故where改为when/whenever。
10.考查副词。句意同上。副词mostly，意为“大多数”；most意为“最”，此处指最相信的人，指程度。故mostly改为most。
Section A：真题感悟
Section B：知识梳理
Section C：课堂练习
Section D：课后作业
Section E：巩固提升
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