中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022高考英语语法专题之非谓语动词（教师版）
目录 内容
Section A 真题感悟
Section B 知识梳理
Section C 课堂练习
Section D 课后作业
Section E 巩固提升
1：语法填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chines ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They repr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. www-2-1-cnjy-com
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 2-1-c-n-j-y
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are easy (care) for and make great presents.
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter. 【出处：21教育名师】
6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area. 21·cn·jy·com
8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )year-old has been awarded “Woman of the Year” for (be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
10.(2019·全国Ⅱ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)O ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
12.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.
13.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.
14.（2021年全国甲卷语法填空）It i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.After ______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
15.（2021年全国乙卷语法填空） …. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of _____(visit)the place.
Komodo National P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ark, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
16. （2021年浙江卷语法填空）Although ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ______ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
17. （2021年1月天津卷）C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hina's National Highway 318, ________ （extend）over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.
参考答案：
1.to find 2.comi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng 3.decorated 4.to care 5.to find 6.surrounding 7.to perform 8.noting 9.being 10.retire 11.listening 12.dying 13.to see 14.to walk spending
15.visiting to have 16. to plant 17.extending
2：短文改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook. www.21-cn-jy.com
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom told me how to preparing it.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things,we may become ill.4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.
5.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”.
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.
7.（2021年全国甲卷短文改错）Their ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) answers also show that they dislike talk to others……...
参考答案：
1.frying→fri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed 2.preparing→prepare 3.forced后加to 4.say→saying 5.在cafe后加to 6.manage→managing 7.talk—talking
1：考点梳理
1. 非谓语动词作主语的用法；
2. 非谓语动词作表语的用法；
3. 非谓语动词作定语的用法；
4. 非谓语动词作状语的用法；
5. 非谓语动词作宾语的用法；
6. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
考点1 基本用法
种类 形式 意义特征 功能
不定式 to do 主动、将来 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语
to be done 被动、将来
to be doing 主动、进行
to have done 主动、完成
to have been done 被动、完成
过去分词 done 被动、完成 作表语、状语、定语和补语
动词-ing doing 主动、进行 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语
being done 被动、进行
having done 主动、完成
having been done 被动、完成
考点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my job.
To write an email to the manager is my work today. 21教育网
2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
3. “there be＋no＋主语”这种 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能，无法”，相当于“it is impossible to do sth.”。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
There is no reasoning with him.
注意：本句型中的no有时可用not a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future.
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
To keep healthy is important.
＝It is important to keep healthy.
注意：It is＋adj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).＋for sb. to do sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(important, impossible, right等)，如：It is impossible for a man to fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind, foolish, clever, wrong, wise, nice等)，如It is kind of you to help me with my English.
5. 动词-ing作主语用形式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语it代替时，常在特定结构It is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste of...中使用。
It is a waste of time regretting for the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。21·世纪*教育网
To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
Taking exercise does good to your health.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
7. “疑问词＋to do”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
Where to find the lost keys is still a problem.
I was wondering how to get there.
My problem is when to change the plan.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
情况 常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词 hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语 mind,miss,enjoy,imagi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to
两者都可以 意义相同 begin,start,like, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义不同 stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stop doing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另外一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事)try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做)try doing(试着去做)mean to do(打算做,企图做)mean doing(意思是,意味着)
考点4 非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。21世纪教育网版权所有
Tony’s plan is to finish his essay by the end of this month.
My favourite sport is playing volleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is worn out.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My money is stolen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)
My money was stolen by an unemployed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)
3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：
His favorite sport is playing football. (主系表结构)
His behavior is pleasing. (主系表结构)
He is playing football. (现在进行时)
4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest, move, touch, worry, inspire, encourage, disappoint, please, satisfy, bore, tire, invite, puzzle, confuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astonish, shock, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discourage, annoy, exhaust等。
The pictures on the wall interest me.
The pictures on the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures on the wall.
考点5 非谓语动词作状语
形式 类别 例句
不定式 目的、原因、条件、结果 My parents will be delighted to see you.(条件)I come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)We’re proud to be young people of China.(原因)
动词-ing形式 时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况 Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.(原因)He comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)Using your head,you’ll find a good way.(条件)Working so hard,he failed again.(让步)They eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去分词 时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步 Born in a poo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r family,Nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)When asked her futu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.(时间)Some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(条件)Encouraged by his pare ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.(让步)The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the head.(结果)
考点5 非谓语动词作定语
1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping boy(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)
fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)
the broken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)
2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。
The person speaking_now is our manager. (正在讲话)
The person to_speak is our manager. (将要讲话)
The room already_repaired is my office. (已经维修)
The room being_repaired is my office. (正在维修)
The room to_be_repaired is my office. (将要维修)
注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucy is always the first to come. 21cnjy.com
②在句型have/give/find/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )need/want＋宾语＋to do中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lot of work to do today.
③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：
There is much work to do /to be done. (将要做)
There is a white dog running on the playground. (正在跑)21*cnjy*com
There were people killed in the accident. (已经丧生)
④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如have t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he ability/the right/the chance/the courage/no time to do...
考点6 非谓语动词作补足语
形式 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句
wish,want,ask ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,call on,depend on(接带to的不定式作宾语补足语) 主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成 We depend on you to help us out of trouble.I made him do his work.→He was made to do his work (by me).They saw the boy fall suddenly off the tree.→The boy was seen to fall suddenly off the tree.
see,hear,watch,fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el,notice,look at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:五看:watch,see,look at,observe,notice;三让:let,make,have;二听:hear,listen to;一感觉:feel。注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原
动词-ing形式 notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel 主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.
过去分词 动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed.
一、单句改错
1. I was determined to working hard to realize my dream.21教育名师原创作品
2. Ride bikes can help us keep in good health.
3. This advancing method has been introduced in every factory.
4. She kept the lam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )b tying to a tree during the day and went to fetch it every evening.
5. I’m often a li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ttle tired after a day’s work and watch TV can’t interest me at all.
6. Before driving your car, you are required to get it washing.
7. Stand in a long queue, we waited for the store to open.
8. If he takes on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this work, he will have no choice but meet an even greater challenge.
9. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.
10. Film has a much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shorter history, especially when comparing to such art forms as music and painting.
参考答案：
1. working改为work 2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Ride改为Riding 3. advancing改为advanced 4. tying改为tied 5. watch改为watching 6. washing 改为washed 7. Stand改为Standing 8. 在but后加to 9. correct改为correcting paring改为compared
二、单句语法填空
1. This prod ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uced a chain reaction, which made it difficult for life ____________ (develop).
2. He had look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed forward to ____________ (meet) her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. 【版权所有：21教育】
3. This means ____________ (go) back to the place where we left before.
4. Your voice must be loud enough ____________ (hear) by all. 21*cnjy*com
5. At this moment, t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hey see a penniless young man ____________ (wander) on the pavement outside their house.
6. He was quiet in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the car, completely ____________ (absorb) in his own thoughts.
7. Jack was _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___________ (surprise) to find that no one was there to greet him.
8. ____________ (judge) from his accent, he must be from America.
9. She took the dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess out of the package and tried it on, only ____________ (find) it didn’t fit.
10. The boy pretend ____________ (read) when his mother entered.
参考答案：
1. to develop 2. meeti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng 3. going 4. to be heard 5. wandering 6. absorbed 7. surprised 8. Judging 9. to find 10. to be reading
一、单句改错
1. George returned ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )after the war, only to be telling that his wife had left there.
2. Gather ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ound the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
3. Know some bas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
4. I was worrying about the coming final examination.
5. Tom was made clean the classroom for a week.
6. The film star wear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without recognized.
7. It’s common for a c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ompany like this to employed a security officer.
8. My grandpa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
9. As a kid, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
10. Everyone was sile ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
参考答案：
1. telling 改为t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old 2. Gather改为Gathering 3. Know改为Knowing 4. worrying改为worried 5. 在made后加to 6. 在recognized前加being 7. employed改为employ 8. sell改为selling 9. watching改为watch 10. wait 改为 waiting
二：语法填空
1. The pilot as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked all the passengers on board to remain _______ (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
2. The Town Hall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ____________ (complete) in the 1800s was the most distinguishing building at that time.
3. There is noth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing more I can try ____________ (persuade) you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
4. Unfortunately, h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is father died, ____________ (leave) the family even worse off.
5. I would appreciate your ____________ (call) back this afternoon.
6. The next thing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he saw was smoke ____________ (rise) from behind the house.
7. I knew he didn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) listen to me, but I went on ____________ (hope) to get him interested in the proposal.
8. John receiv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
9. He got well ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____________ (lose) the job opportunity.
10. I could hardly stand ____________ (live) alone in the mountain.
参考答案：
1. seated 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) completed 3. to persuade 4. leaving 5. calling 6. rising 7. hoping 8. finished 9. losing 10. living
1：语法填空
1. (dress ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
2.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise (go) on.
3.Tom sounds very mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch (interest) in the job,but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
4.He hurried ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the station only (find) that the train had left.
5.The repairs cost a lot,but it’s money well (spend).
参考答案：
1.Dressed 2.going 3.interested 4.to find 5.spent
2：短文改错
1.Modern people know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more about health,have better food,and to live in clearer surroundings
2.Suddenly Mary,my bes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t friend,asked me to let her to copy my answers.
3.He had time for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.
4.I’d like very much c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome but I have an examination on Monday morning.
5.My parents love ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
参考答案：
1.去掉live前的to 2.去掉copy前的to 3.first后加e前加to 5.make前加to
3：篇章训练
（A）
The annual Ice and Sn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow Sculpture Festival is Harbin’s main tourist highlight. It is the world’s biggest winter festival. The 1 (bitter) cold winters are just right for this festival.
2 sets the Ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rbin festival apart is the scale and size of the sculptures and the 3 (beauty) lighting. It is bigger than 4 ones in Sapporo, Norway, and Quebec.
At first, mai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly Chinese participated, but in the last decade, it 5 (become) an international festival and 6 (compete). As the festival grows in international participation, and as China’s economy grows, the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps 7 (grow). The work going into making those exhibits is astonishing, and their size and beauty is amazing.
The lightning 8 (effect) on the huge ice sculptures in the Ice and Snow World are technologically complex.
Officially t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he festival 9 (hold) from the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depends 10 the weather.
The Sun Island Scenic Area will be opened from Dec. 21 to Feb. 28.
参考答案：
1．考查副词。句意：严寒的冬天正适合这个节日。空处需用副词修饰形容词cold，再结合提示词bitter。故填bitterly。
2．考查主语从句。句意：让哈 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )尔滨节冰雪节与众不同的是雕塑的规模和大小以及美丽的灯光。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺主语，再结合句意需用连接代词what引导。故填What。
3．考查形容词。句意：让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )哈尔滨节冰雪节与众不同的是雕塑的规模和大小以及美丽的灯光。空处修饰名词lighting，需用形容词形式，再结合提示词beauty。故填beautiful。
4．考查冠词。句意：哈尔滨节冰雪节比挪威札 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )幌和魁北克的冰雪节大。根据句意此处填定冠词the表示特指，the ones特指挪威札幌和魁北克的冰雪节。故填the。
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：起初，主要是中国人参加，但在过去的十年里，它已经成为一个国际节日和比赛。分析句子成分可知，此处需作谓语动词；又因句中时间状语为in the last decade，需用现在完成时；主语为it，需用第三人称单数形式；再结合提示词become。故填has become。
6．考查名词。句意：起初，主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要是中国人参加，但在过去的十年里，它已经成为一个国际节日和比赛。分析句子成分可知，空处需用单数名词与festival并列作宾语，再结合提示词compete。故填competition。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着冰雪节 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在国际参与下成长，以及中国经济的发展，冰雕和冰雕展览的规模也在不断扩大。空处前面是谓语动词keep，所以空处应用动名词作其宾语，再结合提示词grow。故填growing。
8．考查名词。句意：在冰雪大世界里，巨型冰雕 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上的闪电效果在技术上是复杂的。分析句子成分可知，空处需用名词作主语；根据系动词are可知，主语要用复数形式；再结合提示词effect。故填effects。
9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：官方的节日从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )12月底到2月举行。根据上下文语境可知，此处需用一般现在时；主语festival与hold之间为动宾关系，此处需用被动语态；又因主语festival为单数形式，此处需用第三人称单数形式。故填is held。
10．考查介词。句意：冰雪节开始日期一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )直在变，而结束日期在一定程度上取决于天气。depend on为固定短语，意为“取决于，依赖”。故填on。
（B）
Dear Dr. Brown,
Thank you for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your selfless and impatient guidance to our broadcast station. Now, with its ten anniversary approaching, I'm writing to sincere invite you to participate in the celebration.
With full preparation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s making by all members, the celebration will take place at 9:00 a. m. next Friday in the school hall. It was expected to be a big feast. Not only will cover the review of the past ten years' achievements, but also a number of wonderful performance are added. However, to make it even more unforgettable, we'd like you, our respected consultant, to deliver it a speech in the end. 2·1·c·n·j·y
I'm looking forward to see you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案：
1.考查形容词。句意：感谢您对我们广 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )播站无私和耐心的指导。根据上文“your selfless and”可知此处表示“无私和耐心”应用形容词patient。故impatient改为patient。
2.考查序数词。句意：现在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，随着十周年的临近，我写信诚挚地邀请您参加庆祝活动。此处表示“第十个周年纪念日”应用序数词tenth。故ten改为tenth。
3.考查副词。句意：现在，随着十周 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年的临近，我写信诚挚地邀请您参加庆祝活动。修饰后文动词invite应用副词sincerely，作状语。故sincere改为sincerely。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在全体成员的全力准备下，庆祝活动将于下周五上午九点在学校礼堂举行。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语preparations构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。故making改为made。
5.考查动词时态。句意：人们期望这是一场盛大的宴会。结合上文可知活动还没有开始，不应用一般过去时，应用一般现在时。故was改为is。
6.考查代词。句意：它不仅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )回顾了过去十年的成就，而且还增加了一些精彩的表演。此处用代词it指代前面的the celebration，作主语，Not only位于句首，需用部分倒装，故will后添加it。
7.考查名词的数。句意：它不仅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )回顾了过去十年的成就，而且还增加了一些精彩的表演。表示“具体的表演”时，performance为可数名词，由a number of修饰应用复数形式。故performance改为performances。
8.考查副词。句意：因此，为了让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大家更加难忘，我们诚邀您，我们尊敬的顾问，在最后为我们做一个演讲。上文提到了活动种种特点，后文提到了为了让大家能难忘这次活动所以邀请Brown先生，前后文为因果关系，由逗号隔开，应用therefore。故However改为Therefore。
9.考查代词。句意：因此， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为了让大家更加难忘，我们诚邀您，我们尊敬的顾问，在最后为我们做一个演讲。结合句意表示“发表演讲”短语为deliver a speech，不需要it。故去掉it。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )期待着很快见到你。结合句意表示“期待做某事”可知短语为look forward to doing sth.。故see改为seeing。
Section A：真题感悟
Section B：知识梳理
Section C：课堂练习
Section D：课后作业
Section E：巩固提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022高考英语语法专题之非谓语动词（学生版）
目录 内容
Section A 真题感悟
Section B 知识梳理
Section C 课堂练习
Section D 课后作业
Section E 巩固提升
1：语法填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esearchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. www-2-1-cnjy-com
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 21*cnjy*com
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 21教育名师原创作品
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) easy (care) for and make great presents.
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.
6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.
8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90-year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-old has been awarded “Woman of the Year” for (be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
10.(2019·全国Ⅱ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ast day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
12.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.
13.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.
14.（2021年全国甲卷语法填空）It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.After ______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
15.（2021年全国乙卷语法填空） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of _____(visit)the place.
Komodo National P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ark, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
16. （2021年浙江卷语法填空）Althou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ______ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
17. （2021年1月天津卷）China' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s National Highway 318, ________ （extend）over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.
2：短文改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like ea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook.
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom told me how to preparing it.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my mom that if we’re forced eat things,we may become ill.4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.
5.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”.
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.
7.（2021年全国甲卷短文改错）Thei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r answers also show that they dislike talk to others……...
1：考点梳理
1. 非谓语动词作主语的用法；
2. 非谓语动词作表语的用法；
3. 非谓语动词作定语的用法；
4. 非谓语动词作状语的用法；
5. 非谓语动词作宾语的用法；
6. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
考点1 基本用法
种类 形式 意义特征 功能
不定式 to do 主动、将来 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语
to be done 被动、将来
to be doing 主动、进行
to have done 主动、完成
to have been done 被动、完成
过去分词 done 被动、完成 作表语、状语、定语和补语
动词-ing doing 主动、进行 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语
being done 被动、进行
having done 主动、完成
having been done 被动、完成
考点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my job.
To write an email to the manager is my work today. 21教育网
2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
3. “there be＋no＋主语” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能，无法”，相当于“it is impossible to do sth.”。21·cn·jy·com
There is no reasoning with him.
注意：本句型中的no有时可用not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future. www.21-cn-jy.com
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
To keep healthy is important.
＝It is important to keep healthy.
注意：It is＋adj.＋ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for sb. to do sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(important, impossible, right等)，如：It is impossible for a man to fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind, foolish, clever, wrong, wise, nice等)，如It is kind of you to help me with my English. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
5. 动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，常在特定结构It is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste of...中使用。
It is a waste of time regretting for the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。
To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
Taking exercise does good to your health.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
7. “疑问词＋to do”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
Where to find the lost keys is still a problem.
I was wondering how to get there.
My problem is when to change the plan.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
情况 常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词 hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语 mind,miss,enjoy,ima ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to
两者都可以 意义相同 begin,start,like,love, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义不同 stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stop doing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另外一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事)try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做)try doing(试着去做)mean to do(打算做,企图做)mean doing(意思是,意味着)
考点4 非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。21世纪教育网版权所有
Tony’s plan is to finish his essay by the end of this month. 【出处：21教育名师】
My favourite sport is playing volleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is worn out.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My money is stolen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)
My money was stolen by an unemployed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)
3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：
His favorite sport is playing football. (主系表结构)
His behavior is pleasing. (主系表结构)
He is playing football. (现在进行时)
4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest, move, touch, worry, inspire, encourage, disappoint, please, satisfy, bore, tire, invite, puzzle, confuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astonish, shock, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discourage, annoy, exhaust等。
The pictures on the wall interest me.
The pictures on the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures on the wall.
考点5 非谓语动词作状语
形式 类别 例句
不定式 目的、原因、条件、结果 My parents will be delighted to see you.(条件)I come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)We’re proud to be young people of China.(原因)
动词-ing形式 时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况 Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.(原因)He comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)Using your head,you’ll find a good way.(条件)Working so hard,he failed again.(让步)They eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去分词 时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步 Born in a poor fam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ily,Nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)When asked her fut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ure plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.(时间)Some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(条件)Encouraged by hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.(让步)The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the head.(结果)
考点5 非谓语动词作定语
1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping boy(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)
fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)
the broken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)
2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。
The person speaking_now is our manager. (正在讲话)
The person to_speak is our manager. (将要讲话)
The room already_repaired is my office. (已经维修)
The room being_repaired is my office. (正在维修)
The room to_be_repaired is my office. (将要维修)
注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucy is always the first to come. 21cnjy.com
②在句型have/give/f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind/need/want＋宾语＋to do中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lot of work to do today. 21·世纪*教育网
③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：
There is much work to do /to be done. (将要做)
There is a white dog running on the playground. (正在跑)21*cnjy*com
There were people killed in the accident. (已经丧生)
④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve the ability/the right/the chance/the courage/no time to do...
考点6 非谓语动词作补足语
形式 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句
wish,want,ask,requ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ire/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,call on,depend on(接带to的不定式作宾语补足语) 主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成 We depend on you to help us out of trouble.I made him do his work.→He was made to do his work (by me).They saw the boy fall suddenly off the tree.→The boy was seen to fall suddenly off the tree.
see,hear,watch,feel,no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tice,look at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:五看:watch,see,look at,observe,notice;三让:let,make,have;二听:hear,listen to;一感觉:feel。注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原
动词-ing形式 notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel 主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.
过去分词 动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed.
一、单句改错
1. I was determined to working hard to realize my dream.2-1-c-n-j-y
2. Ride bikes can help us keep in good health.
3. This advancing method has been introduced in every factory. 【版权所有：21教育】
4. She kept the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lamb tying to a tree during the day and went to fetch it every evening.
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二、单句语法填空
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二：语法填空
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1：语法填空
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3：篇章训练
（A）
The annual Ice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin’s main tourist highlight. It is the world’s biggest winter festival. The 1 (bitter) cold winters are just right for this festival.
2 sets the Harb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in festival apart is the scale and size of the sculptures and the 3 (beauty) lighting. It is bigger than 4 ones in Sapporo, Norway, and Quebec.
At first, mainly Chin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ese participated, but in the last decade, it 5 (become) an international festival and 6 (compete). As the festival grows in international participation, and as China’s economy grows, the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps 7 (grow). The work going into making those exhibits is astonishing, and their size and beauty is amazing.
The lightning 8 (effect) on the huge ice sculptures in the Ice and Snow World are technologically complex.
Officially the fest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ival 9 (hold) from the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depends 10 the weather.
The Sun Island Scenic Area will be opened from Dec. 21 to Feb. 28.
（B）
Dear Dr. Brown,
Thank you for you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r selfless and impatient guidance to our broadcast station. Now, with its ten anniversary approaching, I'm writing to sincere invite you to participate in the celebration.
With full preparat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions making by all members, the celebration will take place at 9:00 a. m. next Friday in the school hall. It was expected to be a big feast. Not only will cover the review of the past ten years' achievements, but also a number of wonderful performance are added. However, to make it even more unforgettable, we'd like you, our respected consultant, to deliver it a speech in the end.
I'm looking forward to see you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
Section A：真题感悟
Section B：知识梳理
Section C：课堂练习
Section D：课后作业
Section E：巩固提升
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