Unit 6-Section B Using language
核心考点归纳&随堂小测
【知识框图】
答案：
【重点词汇】
Economy
Jungle
Disturb
Operator
Emission
Conservationist
【重点短语】
刷掉,掸掉或拂掉(某物)
击退
转向，脱下
对……关心
特别，尤其
用尽，耗尽
与……协调一致; 与……和谐
反过来
【重点词汇】
be concerned about担心
【课文原句】
As tourism develops,people are becoming increasingly concerned about the environment.
随着旅游业的发展,人们越来越关注环境。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的concern为及物动词,意为“担心,忧虑”,常见搭配有be concerned about sth/sb。
The president is deeply concerned about this issue.
总统对这个问题深感担忧。
【词汇拓展】
concern n.关心;忧虑 vt.涉及;使担忧;对……感兴趣
show/express(great)concern about...对……表示(非常)关心/担心
be concerned about/for...关心/挂念
concern oneself with/in/about sth忙于某事;关心某事
as far as...be concerned就……而言
be concerned with与……有牵连
It concerns sb that...……使某人担忧
concerning prep.关于,至于
As far as I’m concerned,he’s a more suitable candidate.
在我看来,他是更合适的选手。
We should be concerned with those students.
我们应该关心那些学生。
pull off脱下
【课文原句】
I pull off the headset and I’m back in my living room.
我摘下耳机,回到客厅。
【词汇精讲】
pull off为动词词组,有“短暂停车;做成;脱下;努力实现”之意。
She pulls off her hat and her hair blows across her mouth,tasting of salt.
她摘下帽子,她的头发拂过嘴唇,一股咸咸的味道。
【词汇拓展】
pull out 离开,撤离;拔出;渡过难关;恢复健康
pull up 拔起;停下来;阻止
pull over 把……开到路边;开到路边;靠岸
She pulled out into the street.
她将车开到了街上。
The cab pulled up and the driver jumped out.
出租车慢慢停了下来,司机跳下了车。
admit v.承认;允许进入;接纳
【课文原句】
But they also admit that building the hotel will for people living in the area.但他们也承认,为居住在这一地区的人们建造这家酒店将 。
【词汇精讲】本句中的admit为及物动词,意为“承认”,其后接宾语或者that引导的宾语从句。
I admit that I was wrong.我承认我错了。
【词汇拓展】
admit (to)sth/doing sth承认某事/干过某事
admit+从句 承认……
admit...to be...承认……是……
admit sb to/into sth准许某人进入;准许某人加入
be admitted to/into...被……录取;被……接纳
lay vt.产卵
【课文原句】
However,the local people worry that building the hotel is and will ,in particular the turtles which lay their eggs on White Beach.
然而,当地人担心,建造这家酒店是 而且会 ,特别是那些在白沙滩上产卵的海龟。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的lay为及物动词,意为“产卵”。当lay为及物动词时,还有“搁放;放置;铺放;涂,敷”之意。
The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.
杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。
He laid a hand on my arm.
他把手搭在我的胳膊上。
The foundations of the house are being laid today.
今天正在给房子打地基。
The grapes were laid to dry on racks.
葡萄被摊放在架子上晾干。
【词汇拓展】
put/lay the blame(for sth)on sb把责任推到某人身上
lay out布置,设计;铺开,展开
lay aside搁置;储蓄
lay off解雇;停止使用
lay up收集;贮存
lay down放下;献出;阐述,声明
Don’t try to lay the blame on me.I wasn’t even there that day.
别想把责任推到我身上,我那天根本不在那里。
You can lay all the pieces out on the card before you stick them down.
你可以把所有的碎片都铺在卡片上再把它们粘好。
【重点句式】
I try to bat away the huge insects,which have been flying around my head in a black cloud for quite a while.
我试着把那些在黑云中绕着我的头飞了好一阵的大昆虫拍走。
【句式剖析】
本句中which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的insects,作主语。
He is a professor,which I have been looking forward to becoming.
他是个教授,那是我一直盼望的职业。
【句式拓展】
非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明,删去非限制性定语从句,主句的意思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的。
非限制性定语从句的引导词有who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等,that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句,从句之前要用逗号。
非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
(1)形式不同
限制性定语从句,主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;
而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。
(2)功能不同
限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;
而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。
His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.
他女儿现在住在波士顿,下星期回来。
People who take physical exercise live longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
She is a teacher,as is clear from her manner.
从她的举止可以清楚地看出,她是一位教师。
He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽车被盗的那个人。
【重点语法--现在完成进行时】
1.现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。
We have been waiting for him for two hours.
我们已经等了他两个小时了。
2.现在完成进行时的结构
have/has been + doing
3.现在完成进行时的应用
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+时间段,since +时间点,for+时间段。
They have been building the bridge for two months.
这座桥他们已经建了两个月了。
They have been planting trees this month.
这个月他们在植树。
4.现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示动作的延续
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2,000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
三年以来我一直在学英语。
(2)表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了。(动作不再继续下去)
(3)有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years./They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years./I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作了五年了。
(4)大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去)我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.(动作已经完成)我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。
(5)表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...(×)
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love(爱),like(喜欢),hate(讨厌)等。
5.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
【随堂小测】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Tourism contributes millions of pounds to the country’s e .
2.The new road was hacked out of the j .
3.She opened the door quietly so as not to d the sleeping child.
4.For both o and consumers,it is not a good sign.
5.A c says a team of scientists has failed to find a rare freshwater dolphin that once swam in China’s Yangtze river,making it almost certain the animal is extinct.
答案:economy
答案:jungle
答案:disturb
答案:operators
答案:conservationist
Ⅱ.语法填空
Plovdiv is situated in south-central Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River.The city has historically developed on seven hills,some of 1.____________are 250m(820.21ft)high.Because of these hills,Plovdiv is 2.____________(typical)referred to in Bulgaria as “The city of the Seven Hills”.Plovdiv’s history 3.____________(date)back to 6000 BC.Though originally it was 4.____________Thracian city,Plovdiv has been ruled by many empires over centuries.Later it 5.____________(conquer)by the Romans.Only in 1885 did the city become part of Bulgaria.Nowadays it’s the second 6.____________(large)city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant economic,educational and cultural center.
Plovdiv remains a popular 7.____________(choose)for vacation travel.I have been obsessed with the city 8.____________years.Last summer I was lucky 9.____________(spend)a couple of days in this city and I just fell in love with its narrow paved streets and beautiful house!The Old Town is definitely worthy 10.____________(see).It is overwhelmed with restaurants,workshops and museums that were previously famous houses.
答案：
Which
Typically
Dates
A
was conquered
Largest
Choice
For
to spend
to be seen / of being seen
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.从6月开始,玛丽每天晚上都去上写作课。
Mary to writing classes every night since June.
2.我一直在考虑你所说的话,已经决定采纳你的建议。
I about what you’ve said and I’ve decided to take your advice.
3.从上午九点开始,经理一直不停地告诫工人们如何去完善这个项目。
The manager the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
4.我得去看医生,因为我近来一直咳嗽得很厉害。
I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately.
5.——我想知道你是否能跟我去看电影。
——哦,不要打扰我,我一上午都在写作文,到现在还没写完。
—I wonder if you could go to the movie with me.
—Oh,just leave me alone.I a composition all morning and haven’t finished it yet.
6.我从早餐起就一直在写信。
I letters since breakfast.
7.玛丽这个故事已经讲了十年了,她还会继续讲下去。
Mary the story for ten years and she will continue telling it.
8.多年来我们一直要求更好的居住条件。
For years we better living conditions.
9.这些年她一直在为这家杂志撰稿。
She articles to this magazine all these years.
10.雨下了多久了
How long
11.电话响了接近一分钟了。
The telephone for almost a minute.
12.噢,你终于来了!我等了你两个小时。
Oh,you have come at last!I you for two hours.
13.我一直在敲门。我想没人在里面。
I .I don’t think anybody’s in.
14.你在这里!我找了你老半天。
You are here!I you long.
15.怎么了 你的眼睛又红又肿。你是不是一直在哭
What’s the matter Your eyes are red and puffy.
16.自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在,我们一直都在让我们的环境更美丽。
Since the time humankind started gardening,we to make our environment more beautiful.
17.玛丽一直努力写书,我想她到周五就会完成了。
Mary really hard on her book and I think she’ll have finished it by Friday.
18.凯茜正在阳光学校的语法规则课堂上做笔记,她在那里学习英语已经一年了。
Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where she
English for a year.
19.在过去的几年里,政府一直在使越来越多的人明白疾病预防的重要性。
Over the past several years,the government to make more and more people understand the importance of disease prevention.
答案：
has been going
have been thinking
has been telling
have been coughing
have been writing
have been writing
have been telling
have been demanding
have been contributing
has it been raining
has been ringing
have been waiting for
have been knocking
have been looking for
Have you been crying
have been trying
has been working
has been studying
has been tryingUnit 6-Section C Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection
核心考点归纳&随堂小测
【知识框图】
答案：
【重点词汇】
Candidate
Applicant
Favour
Advertise
Genuine
Salary
Negotiable
Preference
Qualification
waist
【重点短语】
支持，赞同
由……组成
除此之外
很多
知道，了解
【重点词汇】
.offer v.提供
【课文原句】
Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer.
主要职责包括探索珊瑚礁岛屿并找出该地区可提供的服务。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的offer为及物动词,意为“提供”,词组为offer sb sth;作名词时,意为“提议;建议;出价;报价”。
Thank you for your kind offer of help.
谢谢你的好心帮助。
They’ve decided to accept our original offer.
他们已决定接受我们最初的报价。
【词汇拓展】
provide sb with sth提供某物给某人
provide sth for sb向某人提供某物
provided/providing(that)如果;只要
offer sb sth给某人提供某物
offer sth to sb给某人提供某物
supply sb with sth给某人提供某物
supply sth to sb给某人提供某物
accommodation n.住处,住宿,膳宿; 和解,调和
【课文原句】
The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided.
工作时间灵活,提供住宿。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的accommodation为名词,意为“住宿,膳宿,处所”,此外还有“和解,调和”之意。
So,instead,we found accommodation in a dormitory.
因此,与此相反,我们在一个宿舍里找到了住处。
They were forced to reach an accommodation with the rebels.
他们被迫与叛乱分子达成调解协议。
【词汇拓展】
make accommodations for为……提供膳宿
accommodate vt.容纳;提供……膳宿;使适应;调和,使和解
accommodate oneself to...使自己适应……
accommodate...with...向……提供……
【提示】
accommodation作“住宿,膳宿”讲时,常用复数形式。
promote vt.推广,宣传;促销;促进,推动;使晋升,提升
【课文原句】
You’ll also be asked to promote the islands through newspapers,magazines and TV interviews.
你还需要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访来宣传这些岛屿。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的promote为及物动词,意为“推销”。
The area is being promoted as a tourist destination.
这个地区正被推广为旅游景点。
She worked hard and was soon promoted.
她工作勤奋,不久就得到晋升了。
【词汇拓展】
promote...to...提升……至……
be/get promoted(to)被提升(为……)
promotion n.促进;晋升;促销
The new job is a promotion for him.
这一新职务对他是提升。
update vt.更新;校正,修正;使现代化 n.更新;现代化
【课文原句】
You’ll need to report back via weekly blogs,photo diaries and video updates.
你需要通过每周的博客、照片日记和视频更新来汇报工作。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的update为名词,意为“更新”;作及物动词时,意为“更新;校正,修正;使现代化”。
Only then should the screen be updated.
只有到那时,屏幕才做出更新。
It’s about time we updated our software.
我们的软件应该更新了。
【词汇拓展】
updated adj.更新的;现代化的 v.更新(update的过去式)
outdate vt.使过时;使废弃;使陈旧
outdated adj.过时的;旧式的 v.使过时(outdate的过去式和过去分词)
The data should be updated once a week.
这些数据应该每星期更新一次。
But Marxist theory of labor and labor value is not outdated.
但马克思主义理论的劳动和劳动价值在当今世界没有过时。
in favour of支持,赞同
【课文原句】
In addition to blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the reef,he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence.
除了写博客、拍照和写有关珊瑚礁的文章外,他还多次在电视上露面,为珊瑚礁进行辩护。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的in favour of意为“支持”,此外还有“有利于”的意思。
And perhaps the judge would rule in favour of me.
或许法官会就此做出有利于我的裁决。
【词汇拓展】
“in+名词+of”结构的短语小结
in place of 代替
in need of需要
in want of需要
in praise of赞扬
in face of面临
in charge of负责,管理
in search of 寻找
in honour of为向……表示敬意,为纪念……
in addition to除了……
【课文原句】
In addition to blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the reef,he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence.
除了写博客、拍照和写有关珊瑚礁的文章外,他还多次在电视上露面,为珊瑚礁进行辩护。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的词组in addition to为介词词组,意为“除……之外,还……”,此处to为介词,跟名词或者动词-ing形式。
I’m going to town to see my teacher in addition to buying something.
我进城除了买些东西,还要看望我的老师。
【词汇拓展】
in addition另外;加之
in addition to/ besides除……以外,还……
except/except for/except that除了……外
apart from除了……外
Besides,I want you to promise me one thing.
此外,我要你答应我一件事。
In addition to/Apart from a diet,she pursues various exercises on TV.
除了节食,她还随电视做各种运动。
rewarding adj.有意义的
【课文原句】
I occasionally feel lonely,but overall,it’s a hugely rewarding job.
我偶尔会感到孤独,但总的来说这是一份非常有意义的工作。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的rewarding原形为reward,为动词,rewarding为动词-ing形式,意为“有意义的”。
Finishing a long run is a very rewarding experience.
完成一段长跑是一项非常有意义的体验。
Teaching is not very financially rewarding.
教书不会有很高的报酬。
【词汇拓展】
as a reward for作为……的报酬/奖赏
reward sb for (doing)sth为(做)某事而报答某人
reward sb with sth用某物奖赏某人
become aware of意识到;觉察到
【课文原句】
The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area.
最重要的是,全世界的人们都意识到了这个地区的海洋之美。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的become aware of 为动词词组,其后只能跟名词,意为“意识到,察觉到”。
They become hardly aware of the uncertain effects of cloning humans.
他们几乎没有意识到克隆人类造成的不确定的影响。
【词汇拓展】
get aware of意识到;觉察到
make sb aware of使某人意识到
be aware that/wh-clause知道……;意识到……
awareness of意识到
I’m(well)aware that very few jobs are available.
我(很)清楚工作职位非常少。
【重点句式】
The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area.
最重要的是,全世界的人们都意识到了这个地区的海洋之美。
【句式剖析】
本句中that引导表语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,仅起连接作用。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。
【句式拓展】
常见的引导表语从句的从属连词有when,where,why,who,how,that。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是,他什么时候可以到达酒店。
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。
To get this job,the candidates had to make a short video showing how much they knew about the reef.
为了得到这份工作,候选人必须制作一个简短的视频,显示他们对珊瑚礁的了解程度。
【句式剖析】
本句中To get this job为动词不定式作目的状语。
主句中showing...为动词-ing形式短语,作后置定语,修饰前面的video。
其中how much引导宾语从句,作showing的宾语。
To draw maps properly,you need a special pen.
要画好地图,你需要一支特殊的钢笔。
【句式拓展】
动词不定式作状语
不定式短语作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。
(1)作目的状语
常用结构为to do,only to do(仅仅为了),in order to do,so as to do,so(such)...as to...(如此……以便……)。
(2)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。
(3)表原因
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I awoke to find my truck gone.
我醒来发现箱子不见了。
I’m glad to see you.
见到你很高兴。
【写作指导】
如何写招聘启事
假定你是李华,你校学生会需招聘一名留学生做英语学习顾问,请你以短文形式写一则招聘启事。内容主要包括:
1.母语是英语,汉语流利者优先;
2.解答英语学习问题,协助组织英语活动;
3.每周4小时,报酬面议;
4.联系人:李华( Tel.15011223344)。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
英语学习顾问(English study adviser)
一、审题构思
1.确定体裁:本文为应用文中的招聘启事;
2.确定人称:本文的主要人称为第三人称;
3.确定时态:以一般现在时为主。
二、谋篇布局
第一段:英语学习顾问的主要职责。
第二段:英语学习顾问的要求及工作时长。
第三段:联系方式及报酬。
三、组织语言
1.核心词汇
(1)international国际的
(2)responsibility职责
(3)practice练习
(4)oral口头的
(5)organize组织
(6)lecture讲座
(7)applicant申请人
(8)native本土的
(9)fluency流利
(10)prefer优先
(11)payment报酬
2.高级句式
(1)学生会决定邀请一位留学生来当下学期的英语学习顾问。(动词不定式作宾语)
The Students’ Union decided to invite an international student to work as an English study adviser next term.
(2)顾问的主要职责包括帮助学生练习他们的英语口语、回答他们的问题。(动词-ing形式作宾语)
The main responsibilities of the adviser include helping students to practice their oral English,and answering their questions.
(3)顾问每周要工作4小时。(be expected to)
The adviser is expected to work 4 hours per week.
(4)如果你感兴趣,请拨打15011223344找李华面试。(if结构)
If you are interested,please call Li Hua at 15011223344 for an interview.
(5)服务的报酬将在面试时讨论。(被动语态)
Payment for the service will be discussed during the interview.
四、连句成文
The Students’ Union decided to invite an international student to work as an English study adviser next term.The main responsibilities of the adviser include helping students to practice their oral English,answering their questions,as well as helping organize activities.
The applicant should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.What’s more,the adviser is expected to work 4 hours per week.
If you are interested,please call Li Hua at 15011223344 for an interview.Payment for the service will be discussed during the interview.
【随堂小测】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.In the past,people communicate their thoughts and feelings
newspapers,magazines,books,radios and televisions.
2.Britain’s rarest breeding birds are threat from selfish egg collectors.
3. addition to my weekly wage,I got a lot of tips.
4.Many would prefer to see him step aside in favour a younger man.
5.I’m not making it up.The character exists real life.
6.We offered him the house $35 000.
7.Her job is mainly concerned with sales and (promote).
8.He felt the apartment’s only drawback was it was too small.
9.In this job,experience counts for more than paper (qualify).
10.I will accommodate my plans yours.
11.As the wages were low,there were few (apply)for the job.
12.Everything is (negotiate)at this stage—I’m ruling nothing out.
13.Many people expressed a strong (prefer)for the original plan.
Through
Under
In
Of
In
for
promotion
that
qualifications
to
applicants
negotiable
preference
Ⅱ.课文语篇填空
The Great Barrier Reef,1._________(make)up of living coral growing on the 2._________(die)coral,wants a guardian,3._________job is to report back via weekly blogs,photo diaries and video updates and 4._________(promote)the island through newspapers etc. 5._________(eventual),Ben Southall became 6._________lucky dog,but he described his job the 7._________(busy)in the world.Today people have been aware of the importance of 8._________(understand)the delicate balance and 9._________can and must be done 10._________(protect)the Reef.
答案：
Made
Dead
Whose
to promote
Eventually
The
Busiest
Understanding
What
to protectUnit 6-Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
核心考点归纳&随堂小测
【知识框图】
答案：
【重点词汇】
Steadily
Delicate
Splendid
Leisure
Radiation
mirror-like
Wander
scenery
【重点短语】
空闲时
即将做某事
从事
克服挑战
吸引某人的注意
位于
海平面以上
伸手去够
使……焕发生机
幸亏，由于
【词汇拓展】
1.massive→(n.)mass
2.delicate→(adv.)delicately
3.leisure→(adj.)leisurely
4.radiation→(v.)radiate→(adj.)radiant→(n.)radiance
5.wander→(n.)wanderer
6.scenery(n.)scene→(adj.)scenic
7.economy→(adj.)economic
8.disturb→(n.)disturbance→(adj.)disturbing
9.emission→(v.)emit
10.operator→(v.)operate
11.conservationist→(n.)conservation →(v.)conserve
【重点词汇】
wind vt.蜿蜒;缠绕;上发条;使喘不过气来 vi.缠绕;上发条
【课文原句】
The words“railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”.
当我穿越“世界屋脊”时,“铁路像巨龙盘旋在山间”这几个字显得特别生动。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的wind为不及物动词,意思为“蜿蜒”;
作及物动词时,意思为“蜿蜒;缠绕;上发条;使喘不过气来”。
【词汇拓展】
wind up上发条;(指人)终于到达某处,安顿;使结束(讲话等);把……(尤指车窗)摇上
wind sth into a ball把……绕成一团
wind one’s way蜿蜒前进
wind down (指钟表)慢下来后停住;使(业务、活动等)逐步结束;把……(汽车窗玻璃等)摇下
It’s time to wind things up —I have an appointment with a client.
该结束了——我还约了个客户。
The stream winds its way through the village.
小溪弯弯曲曲地流过村庄。
claim vi.提出要求 vt.要求;声称;需要;认领 n.要求;声称;索赔;断言
【课文原句】
Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.
坐在座位上,我不敢相信我即将沿着曾被许多外国专家称作是“不可能(建成)的”铁路旅行。
【词汇精讲】
本句中claim为及物动词,意为“声称”,其后加名词、不定式或者that从句;
作不及物动词时,常与介词on或for搭配构成动词词组;
作名词时意为“要求;声称;索赔;断言”。
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破。
He repeatedly pushed forward his own claim.
他不断地提出自己的要求。
【词汇拓展】
claim for索取;要求
claim on向……索赔
claimant n.原告;[贸易] 索赔人;提出要求者
He’s making a claim for language while erasing it.
他在抹去语言的同时对语言提出了要求。
The claimants allege that manufacturers failed to warn doctors that their drugs should be used only in limited circumstances.
索赔人声称生产商没有警告医生他们生产的药品只能在特定的条件下使用。
protect v.保护
【课文原句】
How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的protect为及物动词,意为“保护”,其后跟宾语。
In outer space astronauts cannot take off their spacesuits,which protect them and provide oxygen.
在外太空,宇航员不能脱下宇航服,因为宇航服可以保护他们并给他们提供氧气。
【易混辨析】
defend/guard/protect
overcome (overcame,overcome) vt.克服,解决;战胜;受到……的极大影响
【课文原句】
Taking years to complete,the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges.
青藏铁路用了几年的时间才建成,它记录了我们为克服最困难的工程挑战所做的一切努力。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的overcome为及物动词,意为“克服,解决”,其后常跟difficulty或者problem。
We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice on how to overcome them.
我们将听你的问题并且就怎么克服它们给你提供很实用的建议。
【词汇拓展】
be overcome by/with被……所压倒
be overcome by hunger因饥饿而软弱无力
overcome difficulties(shortcomings,weaknesses)克服困难(缺点,弱点)
We have some difficulties to overcome.
我们有些困难要克服。
She was overcome by smoke.她被烟熏倒了。
I was overcome by a sense of failure.
我被失败感所压倒。
locate vt.位于;说出来源;查找……的地点;确定……的位置 vi.定位;定居
【课文原句】
Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level,this is the highest railway station in the world.
这是世界上海拔最高的火车站,海拔5 000多米。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的locate为及物动词,意为“位于”,词组为be located at;作不及物动词时意为“定位,创办于(某地)”。
The scientists want to locate the position of the gene on a chromosome.
科学家们想找到该基因在染色体上的位置。
The mechanic located the fault immediately.
机修工立即找到了出故障的地方。
They located their headquarters in Swindon.
他们把总部设在了斯温顿。
【词汇拓展】
be located at位于……位置
location n.位置;地点;外景拍摄场地
locational adj.位置上的
It’s also within these cells that culture and leisure equipments will be located at,such as museums,theatres,etc.
在这些单元中也设立文化和休闲设施,如博物馆、剧院等。
The first thing he looked at was his office’s location.
他首先看的是他办公室的位置。
What locational factors are essential
什么区位因素是必不可少的
catch one’s eye引起某人的注意,吸引某人的视线
【课文原句】
The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge,the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
第一个吸引我眼球的地标是雄伟的清水河大桥——世界上跨越永久冻土层的最长的大桥。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的动词词组catch one’s eye意为“引起某人的注意”。
Can you catch the waiter’s eye
你能引起服务员的注意吗
【词汇拓展】
catch sight of看到;瞥见
catch up on赶上;得到……消息;补上
catch up with赶上,追上;逮捕;处罚
feel caught between...在……之间感到左右为难
We may even catch sight of a polar bear on the ice.
我们甚至可能瞥见一只在冰面上的北极熊。
Staff must stay behind after hours to catch up on their work.
下班后工作人员需要留下来把工作赶完。
The law caught up with him yesterday.
他于昨日落入法网。
reach out vt.伸出
【课文原句】
Guona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.
国纳湖离铁路那么近,近得让我想伸手去摸一下它淡蓝色的镜子般的湖面。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的动词词组reach out为不及物词组,意为“伸出”,其后不接宾语,也可作及物动词词组,加hand,arm等。
I wanted to reach out my hand to touch her.
我想伸手碰碰她。
【词汇拓展】
reach out to把手伸向,表示愿意提供援助
reach out for伸手去拿;急切寻求
reach for伸手去拿
Reach out to people who would harm you.
去帮助那些很有可能会伤害你的人。
Some people reach out for support from others and find comfort in good memories.
一些人会向他人寻求帮助或是在甜美的回忆之中寻求安慰。
Or consider this: I reach for a cup to have a drink.
或者思考一下这个问题:我伸手去拿一只水杯想喝水。
present v.提交;呈现
【课文原句】
In locations such as this,the thin air,changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers.
在这样的地方,稀薄的空气、多变的天气和高强度的紫外线辐射可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的present意为“呈现”。
All the methods presented have some limitations.
给出的所有方法都有一些局限性。
【词汇拓展】
present n.现在;目前 adj.出席的;在场的;现在的;目前的
at the present time=at present=now 目前;现在
be present at 出席
present sth to sb=present sb with sth把……交给;把……授予……
present sb to sb把某人介绍/引见给某人
The principal presented a diploma to each of the graduates.=The principal presented each of the graduates with a diploma.校长把毕业证书授予每一位毕业生。
None could witness that he was present.
没有人能证明他是在场的。
【提示】
present 作为形容词作定语时,意为“在场的,出席的”,放在被修饰词的后面;
而作“现在的,目前的”讲时,放在被修饰词的前面。
bring...to life带给……生机
【课文原句】
Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.
湖中的水鸟嬉戏,草原上的牛羊游荡,使景色栩栩如生。
【词汇精讲】
本句中的bring...to life意为“带给……生机”。
The longer I’ve lived,the more I’ve seen the happiness of people,and the stability that these commitments bring to life.
我活得越久,我就越能看到人们的幸福,以及忠诚带来的生活的稳定。
【词汇拓展】
bring about引起;使掉头
bring up提出;教育;养育;呕吐
bring out出版,生产;使显示;说出
bring in引进;生产;增加
She brought up four children.
她养育了4个孩子。
The firm decided to bring in a new management team.
该公司决定请一支新的管理队伍。
【重点句式】
A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge,with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.
一群藏羚羊在桥下活动,有些在闲暇时停下来吃草。
【句式剖析】
此句中with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure是with的复合结构,作伴随状语。
With the crowds cheering,they drove to the palace.
在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。
【句式拓展】
with 复合结构的常见形式
with + 名词 (代词)+ 动词-ing形式
with + 名词 (代词)+ 过去分词
with + 名词 (代词)+ 形容词
with + 名词 (代词)+ 介词短语
with + 名词 (代词)+ 副词
with + 名词 (代词)+ 动词不定式
Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.
坐在座位上,我不敢相信我即将沿着曾被许多外国专家称作是“不可能(建成)的”铁路旅行。
【句式剖析】
这是一个复合句。其中Sitting back in my seat是动词-ing形式短语,作伴随状语。
主句中第一个that引导宾语从句,作believe的宾语。
第二个that引导定语从句,修饰前面的the railway。
Not receiving any letter from him,I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。
【句式拓展】
动词-ing形式作状语:
(1)动词-ing形式作状语时,可根据其意义在其前面加上相应的连词when/ while/ though/ if/ once/ even if/as long as/unless/until/since等,表示更加明确的含义。
(2)在绝大多数情况下,动词-ing形式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
(3)有少数动词-ing形式(短语)并不表示句子主语的动作,而是表示说话人的态度,被称为分词的独立成分。常用的这类独立成分有:generally speaking;according to;judging from/by;considering;frankly speaking;taking...into consideration;seeing;supposing;providing that;assuming that。
Once losing this chance,you can’t easily find it.
一旦失去这次机会,你就很难找回。
Judging from his expression,he doesn’t know the news.
从表情上来看,他还不知道这个消息。
【随堂小测】
Ⅰ.课文语篇填空
I am travelling in a train 1. (race)across the “roof of the world”,which was claimed “impossible” by foreign experts.I was one of the builders who have taken years 2. (complete)the Qinghai-Tibet Railway after overcoming the most difficult engineering challenges,the 3. (big)of which is to protect the delicate ecosystems.
What comes into my eyesight first is Qingshuihe Bridge,the world’s longest bridge 4. (build)over permafrost,under 5. thirty-three passages have been built in order to allow wild animals to move 6. (free)and safely in their natural habitat.Besides,675 bridges were built to protect wetlands and grasslands.
Soon we have reached at Tanggula Station,7. highest in the world,where the thin air,8. (change)weather and high levels of UV radiation presented the greatest challenges for railway workers.While passing Cuona Lake,I feel proud because we use many sandbags to protect it 9. being polluted.
For centuries,people 10. (admire)the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and now more tourists from the world can enjoy its beauty by the “Sky Railway”.
答案：
Racing
to complete
Biggest
Built
Which
Freely
The
changeable
From
have been admiring
Ⅱ.概要写作
根据P62—P63课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
I was travelling the railway across the “roof of the world”,which took years to complete.(要点1)The railway is a record of all of the efforts to overcome the engineering challenges.(要点2)Many bridges were designed for the Tibetan antelopes to move safely.We even moved wetlands to a new area.Meanwhile,the thin air,changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation would threaten the workers.(要点3)But today,to our relief,the railway deserves our efforts.(要点4)
