Unit 2-Section C Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection
核心考点归纳&随堂小测
【知识框图】
答案：
【重点词汇】
Blessing
Appreciative
Worthy
Mere
Gentleness
Outline
Delight
Permanent
Literary
embarrassed
【重点短语】
值得...的
(历史事件的)缤纷场景
音乐的曲调/旋律
利用
时不时
尤其
说服某人做某事
在乎，关心
撞倒
捡起,拾起
意识到
最终，结果
【核心词汇】
observe vt.观察;观测;注意到;遵守;庆祝
【课文原句】
Recently,I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had observed.
最近,我问一个刚从树林里散步回来的朋友她看到了什么。
【词汇精讲】
在该句子中observe表示“观察;注意到”,同时它还有“遵守;庆祝”等含义。
It is everybody’s duty to observe them keep our society in order.
监督他们维持社会秩序是每个人的责任。
【词汇拓展】
observe sb do sth观察某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb doing sth观察某人正在做某事
When I passed his house,I observed him playing in his yard.
当我经过他家时,我注意到他正在院子里玩耍。
【名师点津】
observe sb do sth在变成被动语态时,应添加省略的不定式符号“to”。
They were observed to open the window and jump into the house.
他们被看到打开了窗户,然后跳进了房间。
make use of利用;使用
【课文原句】
What special assistance can people with disabilities make use of in their daily lives
残疾人在日常生活中可以利用哪些特殊援助
【词汇精讲】
make use of为及物动词短语,表示“利用;使用”,可被full或good修饰。
You cannot choose what you are given,but you can choose how you make full/good use of it.
你不能选择你被给予的,但你可以选择如何充分利用它。
【词汇拓展】
make the best/most of充分利用
take (full) advantage of (充分)利用
put...to use加以使用
come into use开始被使用
be of great use很有用
It is no use/useless doing sth.做某事是没用的。
It’s no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动只抱怨是没有用的。
It is said that the machine will come into use next month.
据说这台机器下个月就要被投入使用了。
As is known to all,the cell phone is of great use in our daily life.
众所周知,手机在我们的日常生活中发挥着很大作用。
delight n.使人高兴的事
【课文原句】
The following morning,I should again greet the dawn,anxious to discover new delights,new revelations of beauty.
第二天早晨,我应该再次迎接黎明,渴望发现新的喜悦,新的美丽启示。
【词汇精讲】
在此句中delight 为可数名词,表示“使人高兴的事”;
delight还可作不可数名词,表示“快乐;高兴;喜悦”;它还可作动词,表示“ (使)高兴;(使)欣喜”。
Her first delight was going to the Tower.
她想最先参观的地方是伦敦塔。
【词汇拓展】
take (great)delight in以……为乐
with delight高兴地;愉快地
to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是
delight sb with sth用某物使某人高兴
delight in (doing)sth以(做)某事为乐
delighted adj.高兴的;快乐的
be delighted at/by为某事而高兴
be delighted to do/in doing sth为做某事而高兴
delightful adj.令人高兴的
What delighted the fans was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.
令球迷们欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。
To my delight,I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是,我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。
particular adj.特殊的;特别的;挑剔的
【课文原句】
“Nothing in particular”,she replied.
她回答:“没有什么特别的。”
【词汇精讲】
particular为形容词,表示“特殊的,特别的;挑剔的”。
The boy loves science fiction in particular.
这个男孩特别喜爱科幻小说。
【词汇拓展】
be particular about sth对……讲究/挑剔
in particular=particularly尤其;特别;格外
The hotel wasn’t particularly good.But I had stayed in many worse hotels.
这家旅馆不是特别好,但我曾住过很多更差的旅馆。
She is so particular about her housework that servants will not work for her.
她对家务如此挑剔以至于佣人们都不愿给她干活了。
end up最后成为;最终处于
【课文原句】
Even using a spoon,most of the soup ended up on my shirt.
即使用勺子,汤的大部分最后还是到了我的衬衫上。
【词汇精讲】
在此句中end up表示“最后处于”。
【词汇拓展】
end up as...最终成为或变成……
end up with...以……结束
end up in...以……结束
end up doing sth最终做某事
I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.
最终我回到火车站,在候车室里度过了这一天的剩余时间。
【名师点津】
end up with后接表具体事物的名词,该名词是事情发展的最后一部分;
end up in后接表抽象概念的名词,该名词是指事情发展的结果。
apply vt.涂;敷;搽;应用;运用 vi.申请;请求;使用;有效
【课文原句】
And the same method can be applied to the other senses.
同样的方法也适用于其他感官。
【词汇精讲】
在此句中apply表示“运用,应用”;
它还有“涂;敷;搽;申请;请求”之意。
In 1998,he applied to be a member of Project 921,which is now called Shenzhou.
1998年,他申请成为“921”计划(现名“神舟”计划)的成员。
【词汇拓展】
apply sth to把……涂到……;把……运用到……
apply oneself to致力于;在……上努力
apply to适应于……
apply (to...)for...(向……)申请……
applicant n.申请人
application n.申请;申请书
When an idea occurred to the applicant,he first applied it to his work.He also applied for a patent about it.Then he applied himself to making necessary changes.
当那位申请人想到一个主意时,他首先把它应用到他的工作中。他还申请了一项专利。然后他集中精力做了必要的改变。
【核心句式】
Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.只有当黑暗再次降临时,我才意识到我还有多少东西没有看到。
【句式剖析】
该句子为“only+状语从句”在句首引起的倒装结构。
当句首为“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”时,句子要用部分倒装结构。
Only then did he realize the importance of his family.
只有在那时他才意识到家人的重要性。
Only after the anesthetist gave the patient an anesthetic could the operation be conducted.
只有在麻醉师给病人施行麻醉以后,手术才能进行。
【温馨提示】
“only+名词/代词”置于句首作主语时不倒装。
【句式拓展】
(1)句首为否定或半否定词语,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until...,not only...but also,hardly/scarcely...when,no sooner...than等时,要用部分倒装。
Little did I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.
我做梦也没想到会看到这样美妙的景色。
(2)句首为so,neither,nor时,要用倒装结构。
如果第一分句是肯定句,第二分句用“so+倒装结构”;
如果第一分句是否定句,第二分句则用“neither/nor+倒装结构”。
He is crazy about football and so is his brother.
他对足球着迷,他弟弟也是。
(3)as引导让步状语从句时必须将表语、状语或谓语提前,即把形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。though引导让步状语从句时有时也可以倒装。
Famous as he is,he is easygoing.
尽管他很有名气,但他很平易近人。
On the first day,I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living.
在第一天,我想看到那些人,他们的善良、温柔和友谊使我的生命值得一活。
【句式剖析】
该句子中whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living为whose引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the people。
【句式拓展】
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语,既可以指人也可以指物。
其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
【名师点津】
当先行词是物时,作定语的引导词用“whose+n.”“the+n.+of which”或“of which the+n.”。
This is the building whose windows were all painted green.
= This is the building,the windows of which were all painted green.
=This is the building,of which the windows were all painted green.
【写作指导】
如何写一次经历
上周末,你和父母去上海旅行了。请你根据下面的要点,用英语写出此次的所见所闻和所感。
1.我和父母去了上海,很多漂亮的建筑给我留下了深刻的印象。
2.我们先去了美丽的黄浦江,又去了繁华的南京路,并在那儿享受了购物的乐趣,最后我们去了博物馆并观看了一场有趣的科幻电影。
3.这次去上海的经历给我留下了深刻印象。
一、审题构思
描写经历类的作文要求作者侧重对经历过程的所见所闻以及心理感受进行详细描述。
一般来说,既然是描述经历,肯定是已经发生了的事情,所以作文的主体时态应该是一般过去时态。
描述经历类的记叙文在结构上一般分为三个部分:开头、主体和结尾。
开头一般是开门见山叙述自己的经历,主体则是详细描述所见所闻,结尾则是表达对本次经历的心得体会。
二、谋篇布局
描写经历类的作文一般采取“三段式结构”:
首段:简要说明经历的总体情况,即时间、地点、所见所闻。
中段:对整个经历的过程进行详细的描述。
末段:对这次经历做整体的评价。
三、组织语言
核心词汇
1.be touched by被……触动
2.places of interest名胜古迹
3.attract吸引
4.impress给人深刻印象
5.have fun玩得开心
6.an unforgettable experience一段难忘的经历
高级句式
1.有一些漂亮的建筑物,给我留下了深刻的印象。(定语从句)
There are some beautiful buildings,which impressed me very much.
2.我从来没见过如此美丽的风景。(倒装结构)
Never had I seen so beautiful views.
3.我购物购得很开心。(have fun doing)
I had great fun going shopping.
4.我将不会忘记这次难忘的经历。
Never will I forget the unforgettable experience.
四、连句成文
Last weekend,I went to Shanghai with my parents.Shanghai is a big city.There are some beautiful buildings,which impressed me very much.
Firstly,I went to the Huangpu River.It was long and some seagulls were resting on the surface of the river.Never had I seen so beautiful views.After that,we went to Nanjing Road,which was very busy and crowded.We went shopping.The stores were great but goods were really expensive.I had great fun going shopping.At last,I visited the museum.It was cool and big.I saw an interesting science fiction movie.It was great.
I love Shanghai.I enjoyed my visit very much.I will never forget the unforgettable experience.
【随堂小测】
1.It’s worth (learn)the cultural differences in body language.
2.You’d better get your tickets online before going or you’ll end up
(wait)in line for three hours or more.
3.We won first prize.How (delight)we were!
4.Her parents wouldn’t marry her to anyone family was poor.
5.Only in this way it not be destroyed by people.
6.In his factory waste materials were made full use_________to produce environmentally friendly packing bags.
7.All the candidates are excellent,but I like the last one_________particular.
8.The finding has been applied_________human beings.
9.This small act will let your neighbors know that you care_________the area.
10.In the long run companies that use autonomous delivery vehicles in the next several years could end_________saving billions of dollars.
learning
waiting
delighted
whose
can
Of
In
To
About
Up
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
As a blind woman,I indeed know the value of 1.___________(feel) the outer world through seeing,not just by touching.I think it is a blessing to see and hear,2.___________others who can see and hear have no idea of the 3.___________(appreciate)of sight and the joys of sound.If 4.___________(give)three days to see,I would see the people 5.___________kindness and gentleness have made my life worth 6.___________(live),and I would “see” the books,not 7.___________(mere)read to me.8.___________I would see the man’s progress,especially the art.I would...So much I would see 9.___________the darkness again descends.Therefore,value the present 10.___________you will meet a brighter future.
答案：
Feeling
But
Appreciation
Given
Whose
Living
Merely
Next
Before
andUnit 2-Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
核心考点归纳&随堂小测
【知识框图】
答案：
【重点词汇】
Debt
Pace
Inform
Rarely
Rejection
Nevertheless
Criticism
Classic
Guarantee
Outcome
【重点短语】
桂冠诗人
出故障
放弃
同意
有共通之处
拒绝
从事,致力于
梦到
被认为是
开心地做某事
【词汇拓展】
1.inform→ (n.)information
2.rarely→ (adj.)rare
3.rejection→ (v.)reject
4.criticism→ (v.)criticize
5.classic→ (adj.)classical
【重点词汇】
inform v.通知,告知
【课文原句】
We regret to inform you...
我们遗憾地通知你……
【词汇精讲】
inform为动词,表示“通知,告知”。
It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
迈克尔考虑很周全,(及时)通知我们他的延误以防我们担心。
【词汇拓展】
inform sb of sth通知/告知某人某事
inform sb that...通知某人……
keep sb informed of...使某人随时了解……
Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.
地址如有变更请尽快通知我们。
I’m happy to inform you that you have been promoted to captain.
我很高兴告诉你,你被提升为上尉了。
Please keep me fully informed of any development.
事态如有发展,请向我提供详情。
give up放弃
【课文原句】
Don’t give up though the pace seems slow.
尽管步伐似乎很慢,但是不要放弃。
【词汇精讲】
give up为动词短语,表示“放弃”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
I was on the point of giving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
我正要放弃时,我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
【词汇拓展】
give in to sb/sth向……投降/屈服/让步;上交
give away赠送;给予;泄露
give back归还;恢复
give off发出(气味、气体等)
give out散发(声、光、热等);用完;耗尽;分发
Finally,the enemy had to give in to us.
最后,敌人不得不向我们投降。
Body language can give away a lot about your mood.
肢体语言能泄露很多你的情绪。
The flowers in the garden give out/off a sweet perfume.
花园里的花儿散发出甜甜的香味。
have... in common有共同之处
【课文原句】
...she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers.
……她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家有了一些共同之处。
【词汇精讲】
have... in common表示“有共同之处”。
They are friends and have a lot in common,so they are willing to have a talk with each other.
他们是朋友,有很多共同点,所以他们愿意互相交谈。
【词汇拓展】
have...in common with 与……有共同之处
have something in common有一些共同点
have nothing in common 无共同之处
I have something in common with Jane.
我和简有一些共同之处。
rarely adv.很少,难得
【课文原句】
Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight...
每个人都知道成功很少会在一夜之间发生……
【词汇精讲】
rarely为副词,表示“很少,难得”。
In ancient times,people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled as far as the local market.
古时候,人们很少出远门,大多数农民去的最远的地方是当地集市。
【词汇拓展】
rare adj.罕见的;不寻常的
Because of human activities,the number of some rare animals is on the decrease.
由于人类活动,一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
【温馨提示】
rarely用于句首时,要用部分倒装结构。
类似的还有:never,seldom,few,little,barely,hardly,scarcely,no,not等含有否定意义的副词及构成的词组。
Seldom have I seen such brutality.
我很少见到这种暴行。
Never shall I forget the day.
我决不会忘记这一天。
turn down调小/低;拒绝
【课文原句】
I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down...
在每个出版商都拒绝我之前,我都不会放弃……
【词汇精讲】
turn down在此句中表示“拒绝”;
它还有“调低 (音量)”等含义。
Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
上个周末,汤姆不得不拒绝参加聚会的邀请,因为他太忙了。
Turn the heat down,otherwise it’ll burn.
把炉火开小一点,不然就烧焦了。
【词汇拓展】
turn away 拒绝……入内;把……打发走
turn up 出现;露面;调大
turn out 证明是;结果是;赶走;生产
turn over 打翻;翻身;移交
Some compromises were unavoidable,but the video turned out perfect.
一些妥协是不可避免的,但视频结果是极好的。
You can turn to the dictionary for the meaning of the word.
你可以查阅字典找这个单词的意思。
comment n.评论;议论
【课文原句】
When she finally finished her first book,she received comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”,“too long”,“Children would not be interested in it”.
当她终于完成她的第一本书时,她收到了出版商的评论,大意是“对孩子们来说太难了”“太长了”“孩子们不会感兴趣”。
【词汇精讲】
comment在此为名词,表示“评论”;
同时它还有动词的词性,表示“表达意见;做出评论”。
He refused to comment until after the trial.
他在审讯结束前拒绝发表评论。
【词汇拓展】
make comments/a comment on/about sth评论某事
comment on sth评论某事
He made a comment on/about my performance.
他对我的表现进行了点评。
I’m not in a position to comment on the matter.
我无权对此事发表评论。
dream of梦想;梦见;向往;渴望
【课文原句】
Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print.
也许所有毅力的奖励应归于维多利亚女王时代的三个姐妹,她们梦想看到自己的文字出版。
【词汇精讲】
dream of表示“梦想”,其后跟名词或动词-ing形式。
它还表示“梦见;向往;渴望”。
I always dream of having a house surrounded by flowers.
我总是梦想有一座被鲜花包围的房子。
Nowadays many young people dream of making a fortune in big cities.
现在许多年轻人梦想在大城市里发财。
work on从事,致力于,钻研
【课文原句】
...he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service.……
他随身携带着《麦田里的守望者》中的六个章节的稿子,并在整个服役期间持续这本小说的创作。
【词汇精讲】
句中的work on= work at,表示“从事,致力于”,其后跟名词或动词-ing形式。
He is working on a new novel.
他正在写一部新小说。
【词汇拓展】
work out解决;算出;锻炼
His doctor has worked out a safe treatment plan for him.
他的医生给他制订了一个安全的治疗方案。
I have worked out your share of the expenses.
我已计算出你应分摊的费用了。
Mr White keeps fit by working out for half an hour every morning.
怀特先生每天早晨锻炼半个小时以保持身体健康。
response n.回答;响应
【课文原句】
Their response was to write a book of poems under male names.
他们的回应是用男性名字写一本诗集。
【词汇精讲】
在该句子中response为名词,表示“回答;响应”。
His immediate response was one of disbelief.
他的第一反应是难以置信。
【词汇拓展】
make a response to对……做出回答/应
in response to对……做出反应
respond v.回答;响应;反应
respond to 答复……;对……做出反应
I want to know why the teacher made no response to the student’s mistake.
我想知道老师为什么没有对这个学生所犯的错误做出反应。
I am writing in response to your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter.
针对你们招聘临时服务员的广告,我写了这封(申请)信。
Don’t respond to any e-mail requesting personal information,no matter how official they look.
不要对任何要求提供私人信息的邮件做出回应,不管它们看起来多么正式。
【重点句式】
So,it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success.
因此,似乎仅凭才能不足以保证成功。
【句式剖析】
It seems that...表示“看起来……”,强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。
该句式可以转换成“名词或代词+seem+动词不定式”句型,其意不变,如果动词不定式为to be + 形容词时,to be往往省略。
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.=No one seems to know what has happened in the park.
看起来没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
【句式拓展】
It seems as if...也表示“看起来……;似乎……”。
该句型表示可能:若从句表示的是很可能实现的事情,从句谓语用陈述语气;若从句表示的是与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情时,则从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
It seems as if it were autumn.
现在仿佛是秋天似的。
It seems as if our team is going to win.
看来我们队要胜了。
This,however,was a time when women were not encouraged to become writers.
然而,这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。
【句式剖析】
该句子中when引导定语从句,修饰先行词a time。
He will always remember the day when his father returned from America.
他将永远记得他父亲从美国返回的那一天。
【句式拓展】
(1)当when引导定语从句时,大多数时候定语从句的先行词都是比较明显的时间词,比如:time,year,month等。但是,有一些抽象的先行词具有模糊时间概念的,比如:stay,visit,occasion,interval,moment,span,age等。此时,如果定语从句需要用关系副词连接,同样也用when。
I will brand my golden stay in Paris on my heart when I led a fruitful life.
我会将我在巴黎那段收获颇丰的日子铭记于心。
At the age when other people retire,Francis began the greatest cause in his life.
在别人退休的年龄,弗朗西斯开始了他一生中最伟大的事业。
(2)when还可引导时间状语从句,用来修饰动词,表示动作或状态发生的时间。
James pretended to be deaf when I spoke to him.
当我和詹姆斯说话时,他假装听不见.
【随堂小测】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I really owe you a (债务)of gratitude.
2.The tradition of going out for a meal has been under pressure from the fast p
of urban life.
3.The detailed information would help (通知)ecosystem management.
4.My father,a scientist,works to save (稀有)birds,some of which are really clever and can even say some words.
5.The patient was still in danger,because after the transplant,his body r
the new heart.
6.N ,emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too.
7.The social network has faced (批判)many times since launching 14 years ago.
8.This novel may well become a (经典作品).
9.In fact,no one has a g that he or she will be here tomorrow.
10.Hope has proved a powerful predictor of (结果)in every study we’ve done so far.
答案:debt
答案:pace
答案:inform
答案:rare
答案:rejected
答案:Nevertheless
答案:criticism
答案:classic
答案:guarantee
答案:outcome
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.我认为你最好尽快戒烟。 (give up)
2.似乎很难在短时间内把这么多生词背下来。(seem)
3.我不明白约翰为什么要拒绝玛丽善意的帮助。(turn down)
4.每个人都会有这么一段时间,一切好像都变得非常糟糕。(when引导定语从句)
5.简和我没有共同点,也就是说,我们完全不同。 (have...in common)
答案:I think you’d better give up smoking as soon as possible.
答案:It seems difficult to learn so many new words by heart in a short time.
答案:I don’t understand why John turned down Mary’s kind offer.
答案:Everyone will have one of those periods when everything seems to be going wrong.
答案:Jane and I have nothing in common.That is to say,we are completely different.
Ⅲ.概要写作
根据P14—P15课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As writers,having spending years writing your life’s work,you may face rejection.(要点1)J.K.Rowling,J.D.Salinger and the Bront sisters are among them.They all believe success rarely happens overnight.(要点2)And that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success.(要点3)While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part,perseverance is the key.Keep trying,and eventually you will be successful.(要点4)Unit 2-Section B Using language
核心考点归纳&随堂小测
【知识框图】
答案：
【重点词汇】
Worthwhile
Blanket
Enthusiastic
Contest
Upset
elect
【重点短语】
由于，因为
起床
玩的开心
由...组成
兴衰;浮沉;起落
对……有……影响
确保
将……传给;将……交给
竞争;对抗;与……竞争
有助于
【重点词汇】
inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞
【课文原句】
Today,Liu Wei still enjoys playing music,and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all.
今天,刘伟仍然喜欢演奏音乐,他乐观的态度激励着我们大家。
【词汇精讲】
inspiration为名词,意为“灵感;鼓舞”;
在此表示具体的一件令人感到鼓舞的事情,为可数名词。
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
【词汇拓展】
inspire vt.启迪,赋予灵感;激励,鼓舞
inspire sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
inspired adj.受到鼓舞的;有灵感的
The teacher inspires his students to give their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.
老师鼓励他的学生积极地给出他们的意见,即使他们与他自己的不同。
What inspiring news it is that my father will take me to Hong Kong this weekend!
这个周末爸爸将带我去香港,这是一个多么鼓舞人心的消息啊!
due to由于,因为
【课文原句】
When he had to stop swimming due to health problems,he decided to learn how to play the piano with his toes.
当他因健康问题不得不停止游泳时,他决定学习如何用脚趾弹钢琴。
【词汇精讲】
due to表示“由于,因为”。
I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛,要归功于我的健康生活。
【词汇拓展】
due adj.应支付的,应给予的;到期的;预定的
be due to do sth预定/计做某事
be due for sth预定/计某事
(be)due to sb应支付/给予/归于某人
Rose is due to start school in January.罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。
【易混辨析】
due to/because of/thanks to/owing to
enthusiastic adj.热心的,热衷的
【课文原句】
someone who is extremely enthusiastic and enjoys working extremely hard
一个非常有激情并且喜欢努力工作的人
【词汇精讲】
enthusiastic为形容词,表示“热心的,热衷的”。
We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players.
我们可以给获胜队伍和最热衷的运动员发奖。
The singer got an enthusiastic reception.
那个歌手受到了热烈的欢迎。
【词汇拓展】
be enthusiastic about对……热心,热衷于
enthusiasm n.热情;热忱
enthusiast n.热衷者
My friend Jack is enthusiastic about travelling.
我的朋友杰克热衷于旅行。
Mr Smith is a golfing enthusiast.
史密斯先生是一个高尔夫球爱好者。
Successful people do things with great enthusiasm,especially when they believe in what they are doing.
成功的人做事很有热情,尤其是当他们对自己所做的事有信念的时候。
worthwhile adj.重要的;值得做的
【课文原句】
Even though being a scout has its challenges,I feel it is worthwhile.
尽管当童子军有挑战,但我觉得这是值得的。
【词汇精讲】
worthwhile为形容词,表示“重要的;值得做的”。
High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad.
英国的高价足以使买主把视线转向国外。
【词汇拓展】
It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事。
worthwhile doing值得做
be (well)worth doing ……(非常)值得做
be worth the money/an effort/a try值得花钱/努力/一试
be worth it值得一干;值得花精力(或时间)
She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting.
她是个普通的女人,但她真的值得尊重。
It’s worthwhile reading literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life.读文学书是值得的,因为它们能帮助我们更多地了解社会和生活。
compete vi.比赛;竞争
【课文原句】
Before the contest,he competed against a girl at school.
在比赛之前,他在学校和一个女孩竞争。
【词汇精讲】
compete 为不及物动词,意为“比赛;竞争”compete against,表示“与……对抗/竞争”。
Young children will usually compete for their mother’s attention.
小孩子总会争夺妈妈的注意力。
【词汇拓展】
compete with/against...for...为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
compete in参加……比赛;在……方面竞争
competitive adj.有竞争力的
competition n.比赛
competitor n.竞争者;对手
We can’t compete against/with other countries if we don’t develop our national economy.
如果我们不发展我们的国民经济,我们就不能与其他国家竞争。
Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive world.
没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的社会。
Only the greatest athletes compete in this demanding event.
只有最了不起的运动员才能在这种高水准的比赛中角逐。
effect n.作用;影响
【课文原句】
A good attitude can have a positive effect on other people.
良好的态度会对其他人产生积极的影响。
【词汇精讲】
effect为名词;表示“作用;影响”。
I tried to persuade him,but with no effect.
我尽力劝他,但他不怎么听。
【词汇拓展】
have a(n)...effect on对……产生……影响
come into effect见效;起作用
in effect实际上
affect v.影响;感染;感动
Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have an effect on you most deeply.
想一想给你带来最深刻影响的电影、书籍、老师及朋友。
The new law has come into effect; surely it will have effect on industry of the country.
新法律已经生效,它肯定会对国家的工业产生影响。
Affected with high fever,he continued with his work.
尽管发高烧,他仍然继续工作。
【重点句式】
Nevertheless,looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others.
然而,乐观是我们能为自己和他人做的最好的事情。
【句式剖析】
该句子中looking on the bright side为动词-ing形式作主语;
that we can do for ourselves为定语从句修饰先行词the best thing。
动词-ing形式作主语可放在句首,谓语动词用单数。
动词-ing形式作主语往往表示比较笼统的、一般的或习惯性的动作。
Reading good books makes us happy.
读好书使我们快乐。
【句式拓展】
定语从句的引导词只能用that的情况:
(1)先行词为anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。
Is there anything that I can do for you
我能为你做点什么吗
(2)先行词为all,any,much,many时。
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
汤姆把事情全部都告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.
这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)先行词被序数词修饰时。
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。
This will be the last chance that he can get.
这将会是他得到的最后一次机会。
(6)先行词里同时含有人和物时。
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
(7)主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。
Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday
哪本是他昨天从图书馆借的书
On the fourth day,I was so tired that I even didn’t want to get out of bed.
第四天,我累得都不想起床。
【句式剖析】
该句子中包含so...that引导的结果状语从句。
so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”。
The man is so fat that he can’t take care of himself.
那个人太胖了,以至于连自己都照顾不了。
【句式拓展】
(1)so...that...句型的基本结构:
(2)such...that...句型的基本结构:
The teacher was telling us so interesting a story/such an interesting story that we all forgot the time.
老师给我们讲了一个这么有趣的故事,以至于我们都忘记了时间。
【名师点津】
在so...that...和such...that...句型中当so/such...置于句首时,主句应用部分倒装。
So fast is the city developing that you can never imagine what it will be like tomorrow.
现在城市发展是如此之快,你永远想象不到它明天会是什么样子。
【重点语法--不定式与动词-ing形式作宾语】
1.只跟不定式作宾语的动词:
afford,agree,decide,determine(决心),expect,aim,afford,
hope,manage,refuse,wish,offer,promise,pretend等。
I can’t afford to go on vacation this summer.
今年夏天我没钱去度假。
He decided to go abroad for further education.
他决定去国外深造。
2.只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词或短语:
suggest,finish,practice,avoid,miss,enjoy,imagine,admit,
consider(考虑),escape,risk,mind,stand(忍受),advise,
forbid,permit,put off,give up,keep on,feel like,be used to,look forward to等。
It’s quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim
今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗
(1)allow,advise,forbid,permit这些动词,如果后面有宾语,则要接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The doctor advised me to take a few days’ rest.
医生建议我休息几天。
(2)在下列句型中也要用动词-ing形式作宾语:
be worth doing...值得做……
What/How about doing... 做……怎么样
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in)doing...做……有困难
3.接不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语且意义差别大的动词。
remember to do记住要做……
remember doing记得做过……
forget to do忘记做……
forget doing忘记做过……
regret to do遗憾做……
regret doing后悔做过……
try to do努力去做……
try doing试着做……
mean to do打算、想要做……
mean doing意味着……
go on to do接着做(另一件事)
go on doing继续做(同一件事)
can’t help to do不能帮忙做……
can’t help doing禁不住做……
The teacher regretted to tell Tom he didn’t pass the exam,and Tom regretted not studying hard.老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试,汤姆后悔没有努力学习。
4.接不定式/动词-ing形式时意义差别不大的动词。
(1)hate,like,love,prefer后,表示习惯性或经常性的行为,通常多用动词-ing形式作宾语;表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动时则多用不定式作宾语。
I like watching TV,but I don’t like to do that this evening because I am too busy.
我喜欢看电视,但我不喜欢今晚看,因为我太忙。
(2)begin,start,continue等后接不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语时意义差别不大。
Tom began to learn/learning how to use a computer.
汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。
5.在like,hate,prefer等词后,表示一般倾向时多用动词-ing形式,如指某次动作,用不定式时更多一些。
I like reading books of this kind.我喜欢看这种书。
I like to read that book.我喜欢看那本书。
I prefer walking to cycling.我情愿走路,不愿骑车。
I prefer to stay at home today.今天我宁愿待在家里。
6.need,require,want表示“需要”时,后面接动词-ing形式,表示被动含义,相当于接不定式的被动形式(to be done)。
The condition of this car is so serious.It really needs repairing/to be repaired before driving on the road again.
这辆车的状况很糟糕,再次上路前确实需要修一下。
7.可用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语后移。
She found it useless arguing with him.
她发现和他争论没有用。
Do you consider it any good our going there
你认为我们去有帮助吗
【随堂小测】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.I can’t put off (go)to the dentist any longer.
2.It’s very nice today.I feel like (take)a walk for some fresh air.
3.He never remembered (lock)the door when he went out.
4.We agreed (meet)here,but she hasn’t turned up yet so far.
5.In order to avoid (catch)by the coming policemen,the thief quickly jumped out of the window.
6.We don’t allow (smoke)in the room.
7.I’ll need (know)your decision by next week.
8.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need
(paint).
9.She remembered (see)him play football an hour ago.
10.She refused (have)lunch with her friend,saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
11.It seems quite (值得的)earning a high income during this period.
12.Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under
(毯子).
13.They were tired,but not any less e on that account.
14.I’m a native speaker and once won first prize in the spoken Chinese c
in my motherland.
15.She was (心烦意乱的) that he had left without saying goodbye.
16.They (选举) a new leader.
答案:going
答案:taking
答案:to lock
答案:to meet
答案:being caught
答案:smoking
答案:to know
答案:to be painted/painting
答案:seeing
答案:to have
答案:worthwhile
答案:blankets
答案:enthusiastic
答案:contest
答案:upset
答案:elected
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.她气得说不出话来。(so...that)
2.做游戏让我感到快乐,因为它使我与朋友们在一起并能了解些新事物。(have fun)
3.我上周参观过的那个山村,由30个家庭组成。(be made up of)
4.成年人每天吃什么对他们的孩子有很大的影响。(have...effect on)
5.51名参赛者互相竞争后,12人进入决赛。(compete against)
答案:She was so angry that she couldn’t speak a word.
答案:I have fun playing games because it lets me be with my friends and learn something new.
答案:The mountain village I visited last week is made up of 30 families.
答案:What adults eat daily has a great effect on their children.
答案:After the 51 competitors competed against one another,12 went on to the finals.
