Unit 5-写作指导&重点小结
【重点小结】
【重点词汇】
1.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的；n.化学制品;化学品
→chemistry n.化学;化学作用
2.nutrition n.营养;滋养
→nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
3.organic adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
4.widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
5.digest vt.& vi. 消化 vt.领会;领悟
6.soil n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
7.grain n.谷物;谷粒;颗粒
8.vision n.想象;视力;视野;影像
9.reality n.现实;实际情况;事实→real adj.真实的
10.urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的
11.expand vt.& vi. 扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
12.output n.产量;输出;输出量 vt.输出
13.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
14.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费
15.generate vt.产生;引起
16.characteristic n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的
17.attain vt.(通常经过努力) 获得;得到
18.conventional adj.传统的;习惯的
19.assumption n.假定;设定;承担;获得
→assume vt.假定;设想
20.overcome vt.克服;解决;战胜
21.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
→devoted adj.深爱的;忠诚的
→devotion n.关爱;奉献
22.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
→short adj.短的;不足;短缺;缩写的
23.crisis n.危机;危急关头
24.boost vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长;提高;激励
25.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
→convinced adj.确信的;坚信的
→convincing adj.令人信服的
26.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
27.alternative n.可供选择的事物；adj.可供替代的;非传统的
28.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
→deep adj.深的
→deepen vt.加深
29.entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地
→entire adj.全部的;完整的;完全的
【重点短语】
1.care for 喜欢;照料
2.devote...to 把……用于;献身;致力;专心
3.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
4.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
5.cut down 砍倒;缩小;削减
6.deal with 处理;对付
7.make use of 利用;使用
8.rather than 而不是……
9.make up one’s mind 下定决心
10.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
11.for instance 例如;比如
12.come up with 想出;提出
【重点句型】
1.Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.
事实上,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民。
2.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而,他最关心的是农民们经常收成不好,有时甚至严重缺乏可吃的食物。
3.Today,it’s estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tonnes of rice per year.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻,他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨大米。
4.it was difficult to calculate exactly how many trees had been cut down.
很难精确地计算出已砍伐了多少棵树。
【重点语法】
主语从句
1.How this could be done was a good question.
2.That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world.
3.It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realised his dream of developing seawater rice.
【交际用语】
I’d rather...我宁愿……
Without a doubt...毫无疑问……
It’s a pity that...真遗憾……
I think/guess/believe...我认为/猜想/相信……
The advantages are...优点是……
I’d prefer...because...我更喜欢……因为……
From my point of view,...在我看来,……
In my opinion...在我看来……
I have a feeling that...我感觉……
【写作指导--文章续写】
【针对训练】
阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
Sabrina and I were in gym class together.I was quiet and kind.She was a bully(仗势欺人者).She and her sidekicks(助手) enjoyed harassing(骚扰) me on a daily basis.
I was less than athletic.That day,we had played soccer.I not only embarrassed myself,but also made Sabrina mad—basically because she was on my team,and we didn’t win.So,in the shower,she threatened me! “I will meet you after class,” she sneered(冷笑).
As soon as class was over,I slipped out of the classroom and ran to my locker where Susan,my older sister,was already waiting for me,so we could walk home together.
“What’s up with you ” she asked,noticing the look of panic in my eyes.“Sabrina!” I choked.“We lost the soccer game in gym and it was my fault.”
“Oh,” Susan simply stated.“Well,” she said,“we will walk down Seventeenth South instead of Harrison.It’s out of the way enough that Sabrina won’t find us.”
Next day,in homeroom,Sabrina’s best friend passed me a note that stated,“At lunch,you will pay for running away!” I didn’t even look up,but I accidentally swallowed my gum and felt a severe pain in my chest.Mr McKonkie allowed me to go to the nurse’s office.
Walking down the hall,I felt a slight sense of relief and freedom.But suddenly someone hit me on the shoulder from behind.“You little chicken!” Sabrina’s voice sneered.I didn’t turn around.I started running down the hall.I had no idea what she was going to do and I was really freaked out(吓坏).
Sabrina was now chasing me.At last,she caught up with me enough to kick the back of my legs,trying to knock me down. In a panic,I swung around to the stairs.Sabrina was so close to me that my sudden shift in direction knocked her off balance and she fell down the stairs.I stood there watching her fall.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
At first,I had a sense of sudden independence and victory.
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Paragraph 2:
Sabrina never harassed me after that.
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【写作指导】
1.理解全文,把握主线。文中主要人物是Sabrina和I,围绕着体育比赛后,作者如何处理与Sabrina的人际关系展开。
2.分析关键词及段首提示,发挥想象力进行合理推测。根据续写第一段提示语“At first,I had a sense of sudden independence and victory.”可以推测接下来作者的处境有了转机,面对Sabrina摔下楼梯的状况,作者内心有些纠结,但最后还是选择帮助她。根据续写第二段提示语“Sabrina never harassed me after that.”可知结局发生了令人意想不到的转变,作者赢得了Sabrina的尊重。
3.文章叙述的是过去的事情,所以确定时态为一般过去时。续写第一段主要介绍作者面对欺凌时以德报怨的具体做法。续写第二段介绍作者与骚扰者关系的缓和以及具体的转变。
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1:
At first,I had a sense of sudden independence and victory. I sneered and was turning to run away when I noticed Sabrina struggled,attempting to rise but failed.I thought 1.I must do something(我必须做点什么).I practically raced down the stairs and touched her shoulder.“Can I help you ” I asked gently.“I cannot walk.” she moaned,breathing hard.Then she looked up,and tears misted her eyes.Instantly, I helped her into a standing position,2.put her arm around my shoulders(把她的胳膊搭在我的肩上) and together we went to the nurse’s office.
Paragraph 2:
Sabrina never harassed me after that.We never became friends,but from that moment at the foot of the stairs, 3.I was convinced that I had earned her respect(我确信我赢得了她的尊重).She still hated being on my team in gym class and flared up sometimes,4.but things were different (但是事情不一样了). Her best friend would still pick on me occasionally,but Sabrina would shake her head and quietly say,“5.Leave her alone(别理她).” Unit 5-SectionC-Using Language,Assessing Your Progress
核心考点归纳
【核心词汇】
1.nutrition /nju trI n/ n.营养
2.organic / ɡ nIk/ adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
3.widespread / waIdspred/ adj.分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
4.digest /daI d est/ vt.& vi.消化，领会；vt.领悟
5.essential /I sen l/ adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
6.mineral/ mIn r l/ n.矿物;矿物质
7.alternative/ l t n tIv/ n.可供选择的事物；adj.可供替代的;非传统的
8.grocery / ɡr s ri/ n.食品杂货店 [pl.]食品杂货
9.depth/depθ/ n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
10.root /ru t/ n.根;根茎;根部;根源
11.entirely /In taI li/ adv.全部地;完整地;完全地
【核心短语】
1.not only...but also 不仅……而且……
2.in addition 另外
3.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
4.be rich in 富于;含有丰富的……
5.for instance例如;比如
6.keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事
7.come up with想出;提出
【核心考点】
For example,pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects,but also helpful ones.(Page 55)
例如,杀虫剂不仅会杀死病菌和害虫,而且也会杀死有益的(细菌和昆虫),从而破坏了土地。
★(1)damage vt.损害;破坏
As we all know,smoking can damage our health.
众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
This could cause serious damage to our environment.
词性 名词
含义 损失;损害
【用法归纳】
【辨析】
★(2)not only...but also...不仅……,而且……(also可省略)
The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but (also) share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不仅说相同的语言,而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
【用法归纳】
(1)not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分做主语时,谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。
Not only the students but also the teacher is against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划,这位老师也反对。
(2)not only...but (also)...连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,not only所在的分句需部分倒装。
Not only does the sun give us light,but also it gives us heat.
太阳不仅给我们提供光,还给我们提供热。
Over time,however,what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.(Page 55)
然而,随着时间的推移,有些科学家们发现长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人们的健康。
★harm vt.损害;伤害
He would never harm anyone.
他永远不会伤害任何人。
There was a fire in the street,but no one was harmed.
街上发生火灾,但没有人受伤。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①Did the storm do any harm to the corn
词性 名词
含义 损害;伤害
②Smoking is harmful to our health.
词性 形容词
含义 有害的
③I think proper exercise is harmless to your legs.
词性 形容词
含义 无害的
【用法归纳】
do harm to sb/sth=do sb/sth harm
They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.(Page 55)
它们或许表面上很好看,但是里面含有的水分通常比重要的矿物质要多,而且味道也更淡。
★essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
Money is not essential to happiness.
金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。
Experience is essential for this job.
对于这项工作,经验是非常重要的。
It is essential to keep the two groups separate.
将这两组隔开是完全必要的。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①The essential difference between Tom and me was the fact that I took life seriously.
词性 形容词
含义 基本的;本质的
②The studio had all the essentials like heating and running water.
词性 名词
含义 必不可少的东西;必需品
③There are three essentially different ways of solving the problem.
词性 副词
含义 本质上;根本上
【用法归纳】
It is essential that...表示“……是必不可少的”,that引导的从句中用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,且should可省略。
It is essential that everybody (should) get prepared for emergencies.
每个人为紧急情况做好准备是必不可少的。
This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.(Page 55)
这会影响种植在地里的庄稼,转而会影响消化它们的动物和人。
★(1)in turn 相应地;转而
Increased production will,in turn,lead to increased profits.
增加产量会继而带来利润增加。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①The girls called out their names in turn.
含义 依次
②It’s a pity that he turned down my offer.
含义 拒绝
③When in trouble,I often turn to my father.
含义 向……求助
④He agreed to come but didn’t turn up.
含义 出现
⑤Let’s take turns to help them.
含义 轮流
⑥They clean the room by turns.
含义 轮流
【用法归纳】
★(2)digest vt.& vi.消化
Humans cannot digest plants such as grass.
人不能消化草类植物。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①He paused,waiting for her to digest the information.
词性 动词
含义 领会;领悟;理解
②My mother is reading a monthly news digest.
词性 名词
含义 摘要;文摘;汇编
【用法归纳】
As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(Page 55)
作为一种替代品,一些农民已转向了有机种植,而且许多顾客在当地食品杂货店购物时,也转向了有机食物。
★alternative n.可供选择的事物
I have no alternative but to report him to the police.
我别无选择,只好向警察举报了他。
If you don’t like the school lunch,you have the alternative of bringing your own.
如果你不喜欢学校的午餐,你可以自己带饭。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①We decided to make an alternative plan at last.
词性 形容词
含义 可供替代的
②Homeopathy(顺势疗法) is a popular form of alternative medicine.
词性 形容词
含义 非传统的
【用法归纳】Unit 5-SectionA-Reading and Thinking
核心考点归纳
【核心词汇】
1.devote /dI v t/ vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
2.shortage / tId / n.缺少，不足
3.tackle / t kl/ vt.解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
4.crisis / kraIsIs/ n.危机
5.boost /bu st/ vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长，提高，激励
6.convince /k n vIns/ vt.使相信;使确信;说服
7.characteristic / k r kt rIstIk/ n.特征，品质；adj.典型的;独特的
8.attain / teIn/ vt.(通常经过努力) 获得;得到
9.conventional /k n ven nl/ adj.传统的，习惯的
10.assumption / s mp n/ n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得
11.intense /In tens/ adj.热切的，激烈的
12.overcome / v k m/ vt.克服
13.expand /Ik sp nd/ vt. & vi.扩大，增加；vt.扩展;发展(业务)
14.output / a tp t/ n.产量;输出;输出量 vt.输出
15.estimate / estIm t/ vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
16.domestic_/d mestIk/ adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
17.consumption/k n s mp n/ n.消耗;消耗量;消费
18.generate / d en reIt/ vt.产生;引起
19.soil /s Il/ n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
20.celebrate/s lebr ti/ n.名望;名誉;名人;名流
21.grain /ɡreIn/ n.谷物;谷粒;颗粒
22.vision/ vI n/ n.想象;视力;视野;影像
23.reality /ri l ti/ n.现实;实际情况;事实
【核心短语】
1.care for 喜欢;照料
2.devote...to 把……用于;献身;致力;专心
3.a matter of 关于……的问题
4.be comprised of 包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
5.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
6.open up 打开，拓展
7.cut down 砍倒;缩小;削减
【核心考点】
However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(Page 50)
然而,他最关心的是农民们经常收成不好,有时甚至严重缺乏可吃的食物。
剖析what concerned him most是what引导的主语从句,其中what在从句中做主语。
What they need is a good textbook.
他们需要的是一本好课本。
What he has told us is of great importance.
他所告诉我们的事至关重要。
★shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
There is no shortage of things to do in the town.
城里不愁找不到活干。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①I’m going to France for a short break.
词性 形容词
含义 短的
②I’m afraid I’m a little short of money this month.
词性 形容词
含义 不足;短缺
③Call me Jo—it’s short for Joanna.
词性 形容词
含义 缩写的
【用法归纳】
Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.(Page 50)
事实上,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
剖析句中to whom he has devoted his life做定语,修饰Chinese farmers。
★devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
He devoted his whole life to helping the poor.
他毕生都致力于帮助穷人。
They devoted themselves to helping these homeless people.
他们全心全意地帮助这些无家可归的人。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①They are devoted to their children.
词性 形容词
含义 深爱的
②His devotion to his wife and family is touching.
词性 名词
含义 关爱;奉献
【用法归纳】
devote...to...中的to为介词,后加名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.(Page 50)
袁隆平坚信这个答案可能在创造杂交水稻的过程中找到。
★convince vt.使确信;说服
It convinced me of his honesty.
这使我相信他的诚实。
What she said convinced me that I was wrong.
她说的话让我相信我错了。
I’ve been trying to convince Tom to give up smoking.
我一直设法说服汤姆戒烟。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①His speech was so convincing that everyone present believed what he said.
词性 形容词
含义 令人信服的
②I’m not completely convinced he knew the importance of practice.
词性 形容词
含义 确信的;坚信的
【用法归纳】
After graduating in 1953,he worked as a researcher.(Page 50)
1953年大学毕业后,他开始了研究者的工作。
★graduate vi.毕业
The students asked to work in poor mountain areas after graduating from university.
这些学生请求在大学毕业后到贫困山区工作。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①As a new graduate,he doesn’t know what it takes to start a business here.
词性 名词
含义 大学毕业生
②After graduation from college,Tom went abroad.
词性 名词
含义 毕业
【用法归纳】
This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.(Page 50)
这种杂交水稻使农民们大大增加了他们的产量。
★expand vt. & vi. 扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
The narrow path in the village expanded into a wide road.
村里的狭窄小路拓宽成了一条大道。
The writer expanded his short novel into a long one.
那位作家把他的短篇小说扩展成了长篇。
He did not expand greatly on his statement.
他未就他的声明多加解释。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year.
词性 名词
含义 扩充;扩展
【用法归纳】
【辨析】
The common assumption then was that it could not be done.(Page 50)
那时普遍的假设是它不可能完成。
★assumption n.假定;假设
Our assumption was wrong.
我们的假设是错误的。
It was impossible to make assumptions about people’s reactions.
臆断人们的反应是不可能的。
Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption you’ve made.
要努力弄懂事实上正在发生的事情而不是在假设的基础上行动。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.
词性 动词
含义 认为
②It’s assumed that this is the best possible translation.
词性 动词
含义 认为;假定
③Assuming that you are right,we’ll make a great deal of money from the project.
词性 连词
含义 假设;假如
【用法归纳】
His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality,and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.(Page 51)
他的“海水稻”的最新想象也已经成了现实,并有望将中国的约一百万平方千米的盐碱地开发出来种植水稻。
★reality n.现实;实际情况;事实
However,this reality also worried the designers.
但是,这个现实也使设计者们很担心。
Tom is strong in appearance but very weak in reality.
汤姆表面上很强壮,但实际上很虚弱。
You are always dreaming.Let us bring you back to reality.
你总是在做梦。让我们使你重归现实吧。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①He was sure that all his plans would be realised.
词性 动词
含义 实现
②Do you know the real reason for his absence
词性 形容词
含义 真实的
【用法归纳】
【辨析】
Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tonnes of rice per year.(Page 50)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻,他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨大米。
剖析句中it为形式主语,真正的主语是从句that about 60...per year。
★estimate vt.估计;估价;估算
The deal is estimated to be worth around $1.5 million.
这笔交易估计价值150万美元左右。
It is hard to estimate how many children are suffering from a cold.
很难估计有多少孩子正遭受感冒的痛苦。
They estimate the crowd at 30,000.
他们估计聚集的人有3万。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①I can’t give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.
词性 名词
含义 估计
②Estimations of our total world sales are around 50 million.
词性 名词
含义 估计
【用法归纳】
It was difficult to calculate exactly how many trees had been cut down.(Page 51)
很难精确地计算出已砍伐了多少棵树。
剖析该句为“It+be+adj.+to do sth”结构。其中It为形式主语,to calculate...down为真正的主语。
★cut down 削减;缩小;砍倒
In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.
他们用这种方式减少了饭菜中的脂肪,增加了纤维。
We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.
我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①Come on,if we cut across the field we’ll get there on time.
含义 抄近路穿过;横越
②His mother has to cut up all the food for him.
含义 切碎
③We must cut out this article in order not to hurt his feelings.
含义 删去
④The gas had been cut off.
含义 切断
⑤Don’t cut in while we are talking.
含义 插话
【用法归纳】Unit 5-SectionB-Learning About Language
核心考点归纳
【核心考点】
So they have made up their minds to move to the countryside,where they can live a green life.(Page 53)
所以他们下决心搬到农村去,在那里他们能过一种绿色生活。
★make up one’s mind 下定决心;决定
After graduation from college,they made up their minds to go and settle in the countryside.
大学毕业后,他们决心到农村安家落户。
I made up my mind to work harder.
我下定决心要更努力地学习。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词组的含义
①Once my father decides to do something,you can never change his mind.
含义 改变主意
②Please keep in mind that time will change everything.
含义 记住……
③At last he lost his mind and ran out.
含义 失去理智
【用法归纳】
在make up one’s mind/change one’s mind中,mind的单复数要随其前one’s的单复数而发生变化。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①We have made up our _________(mind) to go on a journey to Tibet.
②The old man is so stubborn that nothing can change ______(he) mind.
完成句子
③你必须记住他们的风俗习惯跟我们的很不一样。
You must _______ _______ ________ that their customs are very different from ours.
答案：
①minds
②his
③keep in mind
My mother is very conventional and finds it hard to accept the modern lifestyle that I enjoy.(Page 52)
我母亲非常传统,觉得很难接受我喜欢的现代生活方式。
剖析句中“find+it+adj.+to do sth”为常用句型,it是形式宾语,adj.做宾语补足语,不定式短语to do sth是真正的宾语。用于此结构的动词除了find之外,常见的还有make,think,feel等。
You’ll find it quite helpful to do what you are interested in.
你会发现做你感兴趣的事情很有帮助。
I think it important to master the skill.
我认为掌握这项技能很重要。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体部分所做的成分
①In his introduction,he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned.
成分 (真正的)宾语
②I feel it our duty to look after our parents when they get old.
成分 宾语补足语
【用法归纳】
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①We have made _____________a rule not to smoke in the office.
②I think it hard _____________(get) along well with him.
句型转换
③As a kind and warm-hearted man,he always thinks that it is his duty to help others who are in trouble.
As a kind and warm-hearted man,he always thinks _______ _________ ________ _________ _________ others who are in trouble.
答案：
①it
②to forget
③it his duty to help
【语法归纳--主语从句】
【思维导图】
【语法精讲】
1.定义
在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
让这位女士担心的是,她的儿子一直在玩电脑游戏。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-the-world trip.
让人们激动的是这艘太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
2.主语从句的连接词及其句法功能
(1)连接词that和whether
that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,本身无任何意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。
whether在从句中不充当任何句子成分,起连接作用,意为“是否”,不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
=It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
【即学即用】
完成句子
①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
_______ ______ ______ _______ ________ _______ _______ made us very happy.
②她来不来都无关紧要。
__________ _______ _______ __________ ______ ________ doesn’t matter too much.
答案：
①That she could come to help us
②Whether she is coming or not
(2)连接副词(when,where,how,why等)
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中做状语。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
谁也不清楚这件事是怎样发生的。
Where I spend my summer holiday is no business of yours.
我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
(3)连接代词(who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever, whoever,whomever,whatever等)
连接代词引导主语从句,在从句中可以做主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
Who will go to the concert is not known.
不知道谁会去听音乐会。
【即学即用】
用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空
①_________ it was done was a mystery.
②_________ John was late for the class has been unexplained.
③________ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
④_________ the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.
答案：
①how
②why
③which
④where/when
3.主语从句中用it做形式主语的结构
It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,strange,etc.)+主语从句。
It’s a pity that he didn’t come.
很遗憾他没来。
It is important that he should know about this.
重要的是他应该知道此事。
【用法归纳】
在“It+be+动词-ed形式+主语从句”结构中,过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
【即学即用】
完成句子
①很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
________ ______ ______ that you can’t attend my birthday party.
②她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。
It is doubtful _________ ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _______ ________ _________ _________.
句型转换
③That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
_______ _________ _____ _______ he suddenly fell ill last month.
④Whether they will sell the house hasn’t been yet decided.
_____ _______ _____ _______ _____ _______ they will sell the house.
答案：
①it’s a pity
②whether she will be able to come to the party
③It surprised us that
④It hasn’t been decided yet whether
4.主语从句中应注意的问题
(1)从句要用陈述语序
What we will do next should be decided.
应该决定我们下一步该做什么。
(2)主谓一致
①从句做主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。
记一记·长知识
what引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语动词应与主句中做表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
②如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where the movie will be shown is not clear.
这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。
【即学即用】
用所给单词的适当形式填空
①What surprised me most ___________(be) that the man in rags was a millionaire.
②What he needs most ___________(be) money.
③When and where the football match will be held ____________(decide) already.
④That the coal workers are still alive _______(be) a wonder.
答案：
①was
②is
③has been decided
④is
【随堂练习】
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词
1.What do you think of the f____________ of this restaurant
2.____________(化学制品) don’t work on the soil.
3.There’s a huge noise in the ____________(隧道).
4.The farmers are busy growing ____________(小麦).
5.I have rented a house in an u____________ area.
答案:flavour
答案:Chemicals
答案:tunnel
答案:wheat
答案:urban
二、句型转换
1.Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.
_______ is still a problem __________the meeting will be held.
2.Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.
_______ makes no difference __________we shall have the meeting.
3.It is certain that prices will go up.
________ prices will go up _________certain.
4.After three days’ thinking,he thinks that it is hard to master a foreign language.
After three days’ thinking,he thinks ________ _________to master a foreign language.
5.After graduation,he decided to be a lawyer.
After graduation,he ______ _____ ______ _____ _____ be a lawyer.
答案:It;whether
答案:It;where
答案:That;is
答案:it hard
答案:made up his mind to
