Unit 1-写作指导&重点小结
【重点小结】
【重点单词】
1.substance n.物质;物品;事实根据
2.insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
3.scientific adj.科学 (上)的;关于科学的
4.mostly adv.主要地;一般地
5.conclusion n.结论;推论
6.encounter vt.偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂逅;遭遇
7.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
8.sum vi.总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和
9.analyse vt.分析
10.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然
11.crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的
12.committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commit vt.承诺;保证；vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
13.objective n.目标;目的 adj.客观的
14.evaluate vt.评价;评估
15.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
16.flee vi.& vt.迅速离开;逃跑
17.circumstance n. [usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
18.found vt.创建;建立;把……建立在
19.infer vt.推断;推定
20.theory n.理论;学说
21.relativity n.相对论;相对性
22.passion n.酷爱;激情
23.extraordinary adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
24.gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地
25.consequence n.结果;后果
26.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得；vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
27.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
28.defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
【重点短语】
1.come to power(开始)掌权;上台
2.take up a position担任;任职
3.stand on end竖立起来
4.pass away去世
5.sum up总结;概括
6.get stuck被困在……
7.by chance偶然
8.according to根据
9.other than除了……
10.due to因为;由于
11.commit oneself to 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
12.insist on坚决要求
13.pay attention to注意
14.lead to导致
15.graduate from从……毕业
【重点句型】
1.She analysed the medical texts again,and by chance,she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.
她又分析了这些医学文献,并且偶然地,她发现了一句话建议用不同的方法来对待艾草。
2.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
使用较低的温度把提取物分离出来时,她发现了起作用的物质。
3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅是我的……”
4.It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countryman.
他突然想到,照片中其他的中国人显然并不关心发生在同胞身上的事情。
5.He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
他胡须浓密,有时白发挺立,就好像刚遭了电击。
【重点语法--非限制性定语从句】
1.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive.
2.Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.
3.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.
4.The book tells us about Alexander Fleming,who discovered penicillin.
【交际用语】
(Er/Oh/Um,) let me see/think...(呃/哦/嗯,)让我看看/想想……
Well,er,...哦,呃,……
Yeah,I mean,I understand what you’re saying...是的,我的意思是,我明白你说的……
Anyway,...不管怎样,……
Just a moment.稍等。
Hang on a second.等一下。
May I think about that for a moment 我可以想一会儿吗
How can/shall/should I put this/it 我可以/要/应该怎样说
Let me think about this/that for a moment.让我想一会。
Right./Sure.对。/当然。
Really 真的吗
Well,I guess...哦,我猜……
You see/know,...你明白/知道的,……
So,...所以,……
Well,it’s on the tip of my tongue.哦,我一时想不起来了。
I’ve nearly got it,er,...我快明白了,呃,……
What I want to say is...我想说的是……
【写作指导--描写崇拜之人】
【写作概述】
此类写作主要是介绍所崇拜人的基本信息及其主要事迹。可以先介绍人物的外貌和个性,然后介绍让人印象深刻的生平事迹。要介绍此人的伟大之处,并表达一下对此人的看法等。末尾一般总述人物的功绩,也可以在记叙成长经历的同时加入一些议论。
描写的写作步骤:
1.总体介绍;
2.列举主要经历;
3.总结全文。
【常用句式】
1.He was from a....family.
他来自……家庭。
2.He is about...in height.
他身高大约是……
3.By the age of 14,he had taught himself...
14岁时,他自学了……
4.She is already in her fifties,but she is still active in...
她已经五十多岁了,但仍然活跃在……
5.He is so kind and helpful that we all...
他善良且乐于助人,所以我们都……
6.He is a worthy person for us to learn from.
他是个值得我们学习的人。
7.He devoted all his life to education.
他把一生都奉献给了教育事业。
【针对训练】
假如你崇拜的人是女排教练郎平。请你根据以下信息写一篇100词左右的短文来介绍郎平。
1.郎平,1960年12月10日出生于天津市。1973年,13岁的郎平开始练习打排球;
2.1978年,因在全国排球比赛中表现突出,郎平进入国家队;
3.郎平获得了很多奖牌;
4.退役后,郎平成为排球教练。2016年,郎平带领中国女排,时隔12年,在里约奥运会(the Rio Olympic Games)上获得金牌;
5.郎平是中国第一个作为球员和教练员均夺取奥运会冠军的排球运动员。
【写作提示】
※主题:an introduction to Lang Ping
※必备词汇:admire,the national team,excellent,award, retire from,a volleyball coach,the gold medal,the Olympic championship
※必备句型:
1....who was born...
2.She joined the national team because of...
3.After retiring from the volleyball team,she...
4.She is the first volleyball player to win...
【参考范文】
Lang Ping,who was born on 10th,Dec.in 1960,is a famous volleyball coach and we all admire her very much.She began to play volleyball at the age of 13.She joined the national team because of her excellent performance in the national volleyball game.She was so hard-working that she won a lot of awards.After retiring from the volleyball team,she became a volleyball coach.In 2016,she led the China women’s volleyball team to take part in the Rio Olympic Games and won the gold medal.She is the first Chinese volleyball player to win the Olympic championship as a player and coach.She will always be remembered as a great woman.Unit 1-SectionC-Using Language,Assessing Your Progress
核心考点归纳
【核心词汇】
1.found /fa nd/ vt.创建;建立;把……建立在
2.infer /In f (r)/ vt.推断
3.theory / θI ri/ n.理论
4.relativity / rel tIv ti/ n.相对论;相对性
5.passion / p n/ n.热爱
6.extraordinary/Ik str dnri/ adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
7.gradually/ ɡr dju li/ adv.逐渐地;逐步地
8.consequence/ k nsIkw ns/ n.结果;后果
9.encounter /In ka nt (r)/ vt.偶然碰到;遇到；n.邂逅;遭遇
10.remarkable/rI mɑ k bl/ adj.非凡的;显著的
11.device/dI vaIs/ n.方法;技巧;装置;仪器
12.sum/s m/ vi.总结;概括；n.金额;款项;总数;总和
【核心短语】
1.due to 因为，由于
2.come to power (开始)掌权;上台
3.take up a position 担任，任职
4.stand on end 竖立起来
5.pass away 去世
6.sum up 总结;概括
【核心考点】
At other times,the reason is given right after the opinion or decision,and the link must be inferred.(Page 6)
还有些时候,理由是紧跟在观点或决定之后给出,这之间的联系必须被推断出来。
★infer vt.推断;推定
What can we infer from the last sentence
从最后一个句子中我们能推断出什么
Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.
大部分含义必须从上下文中推断。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①Are you inferring that I can not do the job well
词性 动词
含义 暗示
②The clear inference is that the universe is becoming bigger.
词性 名词
含义 推断;结论
【用法归纳】
Elon Musk founded high-tech and futuristic companies. (Page 6)
埃隆·马斯克成立了高科技未来公司。
★found vt.创建;建立;把……建立在
In December,he founded New York’s first daily newspaper.
在12月,他创建了第一份纽约日报。
We founded the organisation to help those in need.
我们建立这个组织来帮助那些有需要的人们。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
He found that some of his students were not interested in his lessons.
词性 动词
含义 发现
【辨析】
Circumstances changed in 1933,when Hitler came to power in Germany.(Page 8)
情况在1933年,希特勒在德国上台时,改变了。
★come to power(开始)掌权;上台
When did the party come to power
这个政党是什么时候上台执政的
【合作探究】 读一读·细观察
①It is out of my power to help you.
词组 out of one’s power
含义 超出某人的能力
②It is not in my power to tell you the results of the exam.
词组 in one’s power
含义 在某人的能力范围内
③The party has been in power for five years.
词组 be in power
含义 当权;执政
【用法归纳】
【辨析】
He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. (Page 8)
他为世界做出了很多贡献,最有名的是相对论和著名公式“E=mc2 ”。
剖析本句中的the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2是独立主格结构。
【合作探究】 读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体部分的构成
①Computers very small,we can use them widely.
构成 名词+形容词
②The professor entered the classroom,book in hand.
构成 名词+介词短语
③His homework done,he went out to play football.
构成 名词+动词-ed形式
④So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.
构成 名词+不定式
【用法归纳】
After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,USA.(Page 8)
在欧洲待了一段时间后,他最后在美国普林斯顿的高等研究院担任研究员。
★take up a position担任;任职
He began to take up a position as an instructor when he was 28.
他在28岁时开始担任导师。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①After his father retired,Tom took over the family business.
含义 接管;接手
②Too many after-class activities take up too much of our time for study.
含义 占用
③The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught.
含义 理解;领会
④When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
含义 起飞
⑤After the heavy rain,the old city took on a new look.
含义 呈现
【用法归纳】
As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.(Page 8)
结果,他只好从德国逃走。
★consequence n.结果;后果
She said exactly what she felt,without fear of the consequences.
她没有顾虑后果,把自己的感想如实说出来了。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①She has lived in France for two years.As a consequence, she speaks French fluently.
词组 as a consequence
含义 因此;结果
②As a consequence of an accident,he lost his life.
词组 as a consequence of
含义 因为……
③The warming of the Earth and the consequent climate changes affect us all.
词性 形容词
含义 随之发生的
④My car broke down and consequently I was late.
词性 副词
含义 因此;所以
【用法归纳】
Apart from his remarkable achievements,what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life (Page 9)
关于爱因斯坦的生活,除了杰出的成就,这篇文章还告诉了我们什么
★apart from除了……之外还有
Apart from cars,the factory turns out bicycles.
除了汽车之外,这家工厂还生产自行车。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①There is nothing in the box but/except the card.
翻译 盒子里除了这张卡没有什么了。
②Apart from/Except for a few faults,he is a trustworthy teacher.
翻译 除了有些缺点之外,他是一位值得信任的老师。
③We have lots of things in common besides music.
翻译 除了音乐,我们还有很多共同点。Unit 1-SectionB-Learning About Language
核心考点归纳
【核心考点】
It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countryman.(Page 4)
他突然想到,照片中其他的中国人显然并不关心发生在同胞身上的事情。
剖析本句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句;
It struck sb that...意为“某人突然想到……”。
It struck her that she had left her keys at home.
她突然想到把钥匙忘在家里了。
It struck him that he could buy his father a new coat.
他突然想到,可以给爸爸买一件新外套。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①It hit me that I might have missed an important chance.
句型 It hit sb that...
含义 某人突然想到……
②It occurred to him that his wife had been lying to him.
句型 It occurred to sb that...
含义 某人突然想到……
【用法归纳】
【即学即用】
一句多译
这个人突然想到,他要失去这个朋友了。
①_____________________________________________
②_____________________________________________
③_____________________________________________
答案：
①It struck the man that he would lose this friend.
②It occurred to the man that he would lose this friend.
③It hit the man that he would lose this friend.
Scientists need to value how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.(Page 4)
科学家们需要评估新材料的耐磨损程度来证明其价值。
★stand up to 经得起;抵抗
The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear.
这种地毯设计得十分耐用。
Nobody thought he would be brave enough to stand up to her.
谁也没想到他会有足够的勇气顶撞她。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①His height makes him stand out in the crowd.
含义 突出;显眼
②He’s my friend,who stood by me when the life was hardest.
含义 支持;帮助
③Could you tell me what the letters stand for
含义 代表
④You must stand up for your rights.
含义 维护;支持
【用法归纳】
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①The pattern stands ____________love and peace.
完成句子
②他们破旧的橙色汽车在这些车中很是显眼。
Their old orange car ________ ________ from all the rest.
③这个女人站起来维护那个男孩。
The woman stood up to _______ _______ ________that boy.
答案：
①for
②stood out
③stand up for
Her circumstances are beyond our control.(Page 5)
她的情况是我们无法控制的。
★circumstance n.条件;环境;境况
The circumstances of this case are unusual.
这个案件的情况不寻常。
In/Under the circumstances she could do nothing but wait.
在这种情况下,她除了等待别无选择。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
In/Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.
词组 in/under no circumstances
含义 在任何条件下都不
【用法归纳】
【即学即用】
翻译句子
①在这种情况下,我们只好向他们让步了。
②无论如何,你都不应该不锁门就离开。
答案：
①In/Under the circumstances we had to give in to them.
②In/Under no circumstances should you leave the door unlocked.
From this,he concluded that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness,but the spiritual illness of people at that time.(Page 4)
从这件事上,他得出结论:当时中国最严重的问题不是身体疾病,而是人们精神上的疾病。
剖析本句中含有not...but...句型,意为“不是……而是……”。
The meal is not for one, but for many to enjoy.
这顿饭不是为了一个人的,而是供大家享用的。
He wants to buy not a skirt, but a dress.
他想买的不是一条短裙,而是一条连衣裙。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①Not you,but your sister, is responsible for the mistake.
翻译 不是你,而是你姐姐为这次错误负责。
②She can speak not only English but also Japanese.
翻译 她不仅会说英语,还会说日语。
③Not only the teacher but also the students are looking forward to the holiday.
翻译 老师和学生都盼望着假期。
【用法归纳】
not...but...连接主语部分时,谓语的数由but后面主语的数决定。
not only...but (also)...意为“不但……而且……”,连接主语部分时,谓语的数由but (also)后面主语的数决定。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①What I wanted was not some money,__________ a chance.
②He is famous not only in China _________also in the whole world.
完成句子
③不是我们的班长而是我们的老师被邀请去了派对。
Not our monitor but our teachers ____ ______ ___ ___ _____.
答案：
①but
②but
③were invited to the party
【语法归纳--定语从句】
【思维导图】
【语法精讲】
1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同
(1)定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。
I don’t like the book that/which my brother has bought for me.
我不喜欢哥哥给我买的这本书。
Tom had made great progress,which made his parents very happy.
汤姆取得了很大进步,这使他父母很高兴。
(2)限制性定语从句与其所修饰的先行词关系紧密;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切,它与主句之间常用逗号隔开。
Her friend who works in Beijing visited her yesterday.
(限制性定语从句)她在北京工作的朋友昨天来看她。
Her father,who works in Beijing,returned yesterday.
(非限制性定语从句)她的父亲,在北京工作,昨天回来了。
2.非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句的附加说明,它与主句之间一般用逗号隔开,常常单独翻译,如果省略,主句意义仍然完整。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which,who,whom,whose等,可做定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。
关系副词有when,where等,可做定语从句的状语。
关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略。
(1)who/whom引导
who/whom引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句中的人。who可在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语;whom在从句中做宾语。
The girl,who had won first prize,went to Hong Kong for education.
这个女孩,已经获得一等奖,去香港接受教育了。
This morning I met Tom,whom I hadn’t seen for years.
今天早上我遇到汤姆了,我好几年没见他了。
(2)which引导
which引导非限制性定语从句,可指代主句中的名词,也可以指代整个主句。可在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语。
The old bike,which was bought three years ago,is almost out of use now.
这辆旧自行车,三年前买的,现在几乎不用了。(指代上文的名词)
The boy is often very careless,which makes his mother angry.
这个男孩经常很粗心,这使得他妈妈很是生气。(指代整个主句)
(3)whose引导
whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做定语修饰名词。
The professor,whose daughter is very famous,is giving a speech.
这位教授正在做演讲,他的女儿非常著名。
(4)as引导
as引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句,可在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语。as引导的从句可位于句首、句中或句末。
As you know,I don’t like going out at weekends.
你知道的,我周末不喜欢出去。
The old bridge,as we all know,has attracted a lot of visitors.
我们都知道,这座古桥已经吸引了很多游客。
(5)when引导
when引导非限制性定语从句,可在从句中做时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。
He will put off the picnic until May,when he will be free.
他将把野餐推迟到五月,那时他会有空。
(6)where引导
where引导非限制性定语从句,可在从句中做地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。
Ten days later,they arrived at a place,where there were many nice flowers.
十天后,他们到了一个地方,那里繁花盛开。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①The girl,_________________ I often say hello to,is helping me with my English.
②__________ we had expected,the new plan worked out very well.
③The old man came to an island,_________ he met the famous scientist.
④He will come back in July,____________ we will have a good talk.
⑤The farmer was working in the field, ___________ son was playing beside him.
⑥The man,______ was born in a small village,has become famous now.
句型转换
⑦My brother rides a new bike and it was bought last month.
My brother rides a new bike,_____ ____ _______ _____ _____.
答案：
①whom
②as
③where
④when
⑤whose
⑥who
⑦which was bought last month
(7)“名词/代词+of+which/whom”引导
There are 30 chairs in the small hall,most of which are new.
这个小厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。
The factory has over 8,000 workers,eighty percent of whom are women.
这个厂子有八千多名工人,女职工占百分之八十。
(8)“介词+关系代词”引导
关系代词可在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。
They offered me some advice,without which I couldn’t have passed the test.
他们给了我一些建议,没有这些建议我是无法通过考试的。
The man bought a farm,on which his children lived happily.
这个男人买了一个农场,在农场里他的孩子们幸福地生活着。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①They thanked Tom,___ whose support they would not have succeeded.
②These new neighbors,__________ whom I was introduced yesterday,were friendly.
句型转换
③The old professor has two children,and both of them are hard-working.
The old professor has two children, _______ _____ ________ _______ ______________.
④The girls are cleaning the windows,and most of them are very dirty.
The girls are cleaning the windows, ______ ______ ________ _______ _______ _______.
答案：
①without
②to
③both of whom are hard-working
④most of which are very dirty
3.使用非限制性定语从句时应注意的事项
(1)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,需要用for which代替why。
None of us accepted the reason he explained,for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他解释的缺席的理由。
(2)除了用于对具体事物补充信息,非限制性定语从句还可以是针对整个句子内容的说明,这时从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
She seems not to have understood what I meant,which greatly upsets me.
她似乎没领会我的意思,这使我很心烦。
(3)that可用来引导限制性定语从句,但不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,即使在从句中做宾语,一般也不省略。
Her English,which used to be very poor,is now excellent.(句中的which不可换成that)
她的英语过去很差,现在很好了。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①He made a big mistake,______________ led to his losing his job.
②We will put off the picnic until next week,______________ the weather may be better.
③The river,______ flows through London,is called the Thames.
完成句子
④正如我们预料的那样,他被一所重点大学录取了。
_______ _______ ______ _______ __________, he was admitted into a key university.
⑤这部电影很受欢迎,是一个年轻人导演的。
The film,_______ _______ ________ _________, was directed by a young man.
答案：
①which
②when
③which
④As we all had expected
⑤which was very popular
【随堂练习】
单句语法填空
1.It is wrong of you to stand up ____________your teacher in public.
2.Some of the roads were flooded,___ made our journey more difficult.
3. ________ is often the case,we have worked out the difficult problem.
4.I walked in our garden,________ Jim was sitting beside some flowers.
5.I’ll never forget the day _________we met each other last week.
6.Mr White is going to Beijing in October,______ is the best month there.
7.I have many good friends,most of ________are studying very hard.
答案:to
答案:which
答案:As
答案:where
答案:when
答案:which
答案:whomUnit 1-SectionA-Reading and Thinking
核心考点归纳
【核心词汇】
1.acknowledge / k n lId / vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
2.analyse / n laIz/ vt.分析
3.apparently / p r ntli/ adv.显而易见;看来;显然
4.obtain/ b teIn/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得；vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
5.defeat /dI fi t/ n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
6.evaluate /I v ljueIt/ vt.评估，评价
7.property / pr p ti/ n.性质，特征，财产
8.distinct /dI stI kt/ adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
9.boil /b Il/ vt.& vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开；n.沸腾，沸点
10.liquid / lIkwId/ n.液体；adj. 液体的;液态的
11.crucial / kru l/ adj.至关重要的，关键性的
12.vital / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的，充满生机的
mit /k mIt/ vt.承诺，保证；vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
14.academy / k d mi/ n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校
15.objective / b d ektIv/ n. 目标，目的；adj.客观的
16.substance/ s bst ns/ n.物质;物品;事实根据
17.insist /In sIst/ vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
18.scientific/ saI n tIfIk/ adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的
19.mostly/ m stli/ adv.主要地;一般地
【核心短语】
1.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2.insist on坚决要求
3.pay attention to 注意
4.lead to 导致
5.graduate from 从……毕业
6.get stuck 被困在……
7.by chance 偶然
8.according to根据
9.other than 除了……
【核心考点】
Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.(Page 2)
她的团队查阅了2,000多本旧的医学文献,评估了28万株植物的医疗特征。
★evaluate vt.评价;评估
Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①We must evaluate her ability on her work.
词组 evaluate...on...
含义 根据……进行评价
②We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.
词性 名词
含义 评估;评价
③They will make an evaluation of the health care system.
词组 make an evaluation of
含义 对……进行评价
【用法归纳】
Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.(Page 2)
屠呦呦,一位尽心尽力、有耐心的科学家,于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波,并在1955年毕业于北大医学院。
★committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
Jack is a committed member of the team.
杰克是个忠于职守的队员。
In my opinion,these people are committed socialists.
在我看来,这些人都是坚定的社会主义者。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①Some crimes were committed by young men in the story.
词性 动词
含义 犯(罪)
②The President is committed to reforming health care.
词组 be committed to
含义 承诺……
③He would have to commit to spending several thousand pounds.
词组 commit to doing sth
含义 承诺做某事
④Our company has a commitment to quality.
词性 名词
含义 承诺
⑤The young man didn’t make a commitment then.
词组 make a commitment
含义 做出承诺
【用法归纳】
Their project got stuck.(Page 2)
他们的项目陷入了困境。
剖析句中的get stuck是“get+动词-ed形式”结构。
If you keep on doing like that,you will get punished.
如果你一直那样做,你会受到惩罚的。
【合作探究】 读一读·细观察
①Two years later they got married and then had a child.
含义 结婚
②If you are always late for class,our teacher will get annoyed.
含义 生气
③When my classmates and I entered the hall,we got separated.
含义 被分开
【用法归纳】
“get+动词-ed形式”结构的短语还有:
get dressed打扮,
get lost迷路,
get separated被分开,
get excited变得激动,
get hurt受到伤害,
get admitted被录取。
From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.(Page 2)
从他们的研究中,他们发现并测试了380种明显在治疗疟疾方面显示有效的古代中医疗法。
★distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
The outline of the ship became more distinct.
船的轮廓变得更清晰了。
Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other.
那两个想法明显不同。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①The new law makes no distinction between adults and children.
词性 名词
含义 区别;对比
②Employers should hire men and women without distinction.
词组 without distinction
含义 没有区别
【用法归纳】
She analysed the medical texts again,and by chance,she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.(Page 2)
她又分析了这些医学文献,并且偶然地,她发现了一句话,建议用不同的方法来对待艾草。
剖析本句是由and连接的并列句。
第二个分句中的suggesting a different way to...是动词-ing形式做后置定语,修饰one sentence。
动词不定式to treat the wormwood做后置定语,修饰a different way。
★analyse vt.分析
The job contains gathering and analysing data.
这个工作包括搜集和分析数据。
We need to analyse what went wrong.
我们需要分析是什么出了差错。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.
词性 名词
含义 分析
②In the final analysis,it is up to the students to decide.
词组 in the final analysis
含义 归根结底
【用法归纳】
However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.(Page 2)
然而,屠呦呦不会承认失败的。
★acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
The boy acknowledged having stolen/stealing the new bike.
这个男孩承认偷了那辆新自行车。
I did not acknowledge that I had done anything wrong.
我没有承认我犯了什么错。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①It is acknowledged that the scientist Tu Youyou has a great achievement.
句式 It is acknowledged that...
含义 人们承认……
②She is acknowledged to be/as one of the most popular actresses in China.
词组 acknowledge...to be/as...
含义 认为……是……
【用法归纳】
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(Page 3)
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上试用这种药来确保它是安全的。
剖析本句是复合句。不定式to make sure...做目的状语;that引导宾语从句。
★insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
I didn’t really want to go but he insisted.
我并不真的想去,但是他硬要我去。
They insisted on being given every detail of the case.
他们坚持要求了解事情的每个细节。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①The young man insisted that he was innocent.
翻译 这个年轻人坚持说自己是无辜的。
②The man insisted that the boy should be sent to hospital.
翻译 这个人坚决要求把男孩送到医院。
【用法归纳】
insist做“坚持”讲时,其后的宾语从句用陈述语气;做“坚决要求”讲时,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即(should)+do。
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.(Page 3)
使用较低的温度把提取物分离出来时,她发现了起作用的物质。
剖析本句中的Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract是动词-ing短语在句中做方式状语。
【合作探究】 读一读·细观察
①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.
成分 伴随状语
②Being poor,his parents couldn’t send him to school.
成分 原因状语
③Turning left,you will see a beautiful park.
成分 条件状语
④The strong wind blew away the good soil, leaving only sand.
成分 结果状语
【用法归纳】
Tu Youyou’s important contributions other than the discovery of artemisinin.(Page 3)
屠呦呦除了发现青蒿素之外的重要贡献。
★other than除了……
Do you have any special interests other than your job
除了工作你还有其他的特殊爱好吗
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①I’d like to have a cold drink rather than coffee.
含义 而不是
②There are more than 200 people who are in favour of the plan.
含义 超过;多于
③She is more than our teacher;she is also our friend.
含义 不仅仅是
④In less than three days,she finished all the work.
含义 少于
⑤The young man is more a writer than a teacher.
含义 与其说……不如说……
【用法归纳】
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...” (Page 3)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅是我的……”
剖析本句中的Upon hearing...是“介词upon+动词-ing形式”结构,意为“一……就……”,相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句,upon还可换为介词on。
On arriving at that village,the girl gave her mother a call.
一到达那个村子,女孩就给妈妈打了电话。
On receiving the present,the boy informed his parents by e-mail.
一收到礼物,男孩就用电子邮件告诉了父母。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①She set about cleaning the house as soon as/the moment she got home.
翻译 她一到家就开始打扫房子。
②The students rushed out of the classroom directly they heard the news.
翻译 学生们一听到这个消息就冲出了教室。
【用法归纳】
