Unit 4-SectionB-Learning About Language
核心考点归纳
【核心考点】
We make assessments and inferences from body language. (Page 40)
从身体语言中我们进行评价和推断。
★assessment n.评价;评定
His assessment of the situation is reasonable.
他对形势的评价是合理的。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①It’s difficult to assess the effects of these changes.
词性 动词
含义 评价;评定
②Damage to the building was assessed at ￡40,000.
词性 动词
含义 估算;估定
【用法归纳】
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①We adopt the written exams and other forms of __________(assess).
②They ______________(assess) the loss so far.
答案：
①assessment
②have assessed
【语法归纳--动名词作宾语&表语】
【思维导图】
【语法精讲】
1.动词-ing形式做表语
(1)做表语的动词-ing形式也可表示习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容。
His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.
他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。
The most important thing in life is having a great aim.
人生最重要的事情就是有一个伟大的目标。
(2)动词-ing形式做表语,多用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等,往往具有形容词的特征。
The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
The result of the experiment is too disappointing.
实验结果太让人失望了。
The news that they won the championship is inspiring.
他们获得冠军的消息令人欢欣鼓舞。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①Don’t you think the movie is wonderful and ___________ (move)
②“Have you read the novel How can you say it’s _______ (bore) ” asked Aunt Dede.
③The match looked very competitive and the result was ____________(disappoint).
④The reports went ____(miss) in 2012 and nobody has seen them since.
⑤Playing chess is my favourite while Lily’s hobby is _________(jog).
答案：
①moving
②boring
③disappointing
④missing
⑤jogging
2.动词-ing形式做宾语
(1)用动词-ing形式做宾语的动词(短语)
有一类动词(短语)能带动词-ing形式做宾语,不能带不定式分句做宾语。这类动词(短语)常见的有:
acknowledge,avoid, consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,
excuse,fancy,favour,finish,give up,cannot help,
imagine,keep(on),don’t mind,miss, practise,put off,resist,
risk,cannot stand,suggest等。
Mary is considering changing her job.
玛丽正考虑换工作。
I couldn’t risk missing the train.
我不能冒错过火车的危险。
They suggest solving the problem in this way.
他们建议用这种方法解决这个问题。
(2)后接动词-ing形式和不定式意义不同的动词(短语)
既能接不定式,又能接动词-ing形式,但意思不同的常用动词(短语)有:remember,forget,mean,try,regret等。用法见下表:
When the teacher said angrily,“Stop talking,children”,the pupils stopped to write their compositions.
老师生气地说,“别说了,孩子们”,同学们这才停下来开始写作文。
The doctor tried to cure the lady of her illness,so he tried treating her with a new medicine.
医生千方百计来治这位女士的病,为此他尝试用一种新药来为她治疗。
【温馨提示】
动词need,require,want意为“需要”时,后跟动词-ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式做宾语,意义没有区别。
The glass of these windows wants cleaning(=to be cleaned).
这些窗户的玻璃需要擦了。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
①Would you mind __________(turn) down your radio a little,please
②The bird was lucky and it just missed ____________(catch).
③—Maybe you’ve forgotten ____________(post) my letter.
—How could I I remember _________(put) the letter into the letter box.
④All the boys are looking forward to _________(go) to the museum.
⑤Young people may risk _________(go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
⑥We must try to avoid ___________(make)the same mistake.
⑦I regretted _________(tell) him that he had been dismissed.To my surprise,he said,“I am not sad,I only regret ______(take) the wrong job.”
答案：
①turning
②being caught
③to post;putting
④going
⑤going
⑥making
⑦to tell;taking
【随堂练习】
一、完成句子
1.他的缺点之一就是说谎。
One of his weaknesses is _________ ___________.
2.如果这台电视机需要修理的话,请尽快让我知道。
If the TV ________ _________,please let me know as soon as possible.
3.我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。
We are busy ________ ______ ________ _________ __________.
4.很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。
It is difficult to imagine ____ ____ ____ ____ without any consideration.
5.我们正盼望着收到李先生的信。
We are looking forward to __________ __________ Mr Li.
答案:telling lies
答案:needs repairing
答案:preparing for the coming exam
答案:his accepting the decision
答案:hearing from
二、选词填空
1.The teacher told the students to stop writing and ________ to him.(listening/to listen)
2.Seeing the funny scene,I can’t help _________. (laughing/to laughing)
3.The book is worth __________a second time. (reading/to be read)
4.I found that the story was very _________________. (exciting/excited)
5.The boy practised _______English every day. (speaking/being spoken)
6.The story was so _________that I read it a third time. (moving/moved)
7.I was good at ____________when I was young. (drawing/drawn)
答案:to listen
答案:laughing
答案:reading
答案:exciting
答案:speaking
答案:moving
答案:drawingUnit 4-写作指导&重点小结
【重点小结】
【重点词汇】
1.merely adv. 只是;仅仅;只不过
2.bother vi.& vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心；n. 麻烦;不便
3.conflict n. 矛盾;冲突 vi. 冲突;抵触
4.inquire vi.& vt.询问;打听
5.adjust vt. 调整;调节
6.ceiling n. 天花板;上限
7.distinguish vi.& vt. 区分;辨别
8.anxiety n. 焦虑;担心;害怕
9.embarrassed adj. 难堪的;尴尬的
→embarrass vt. 使尴尬
→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的;使人难堪的
→embarrassment n. 窘迫;尴尬
10.ashamed adj.羞愧;惭愧
→shame n. 羞耻;惭愧;遗憾的事
11.waist n. 腰;腰部
12.barrier n. 隔阂;障碍
13.anger n. 愤怒;怒气 vt. 使生气;激怒
→angry adj. 生气的;愤怒的
14.reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
→rely vi. 信任;信赖;依赖;依靠
15.trial n.& v. 审讯;审判;试验;试用
16.employ vt. 使用;应用;雇用
17.interpret vt. 把……理解(解释)为 vi.& vt. 口译
18.differ vi.相异;不同于
19.favour vt. 较喜欢;选择;有利于 n. 帮助;恩惠;赞同
20.bow vi. 鞠躬;点头 vt. 低(头)
21.lower vt.把……放低;降低;减少；adj. 下面的;下方的;较小的
22.imply vt. 意味着;暗示
23.barely adv. 几乎不;勉强才能;刚刚
24.occupy vt.占据;占用
→occupied adj. 忙于……的;从事……的
→occupation n. 占领;职业;工作
25.stare vi. 盯着看;凝视 n. 凝视
26.assessment n.评价;评定
→assess vt.评估;评价
27.pose n. 故作姿态;(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势；vi. 摆好姿势；vt. 造成(威胁、问题等)
28.bend vt.& vi.(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向
29.educator n.教师;教育工作者;教育家
→education n.教育
30.tendency n.趋势;倾向
→tend vi. 趋向;易于
31.interaction n. 交流;相互影响
→interact v.交流;相互影响
→interactive adj. 相互作用的;相互影响的
32.vary vi. (根据情况)变化;改变
→variety n. 变化;多样性;种类
→various adj. 各种各样的;不同种类的
33.approve vi.赞同;同意 vt. 批准;通过
34.demonstrate vt.表现;表达;说明;证明
35.witness vt. 当场看到;目击;见证 n. 目击者;证人
【重点短语】
1.tend to do sth 易于做某事;倾向于做某事
2. have a tendency to do sth倾向于做某事
3.in other words 换句话说;也就是说
4.as though好像;仿佛
5.at work 有某种影响;在工作
6.make inferences推理;推断
7.figure out想出;解决;计算出;弄明白
8.get through完成;用完;度过;打通
9.break down 消除;分解;打破
10.more than超过
11.vary from...to... 由……到……不等
12.look into someone’s eyes直视某人的眼睛
13.by contrast相比之下
14.interpret...as...把……理解为……
15.by comparison(与……)相比较
16.from now on 从现在开始
17.call on(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请
【重点句型】
1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
关键的是用一种适合你所在的文化的方式来使用身体语言。
2.In Japan,it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
在日本,当对年长的人讲话时,目光向下可以表示尊敬。
3.Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然,并非每个抬头的人都在课堂上注意力集中。
4.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.
好像他们睁着眼睛睡觉。
5.while it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣,何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但是发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
【重点语法】
动词-ing形式做宾语和表语
1.She enjoys learning about body language in different cultures.
2.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
3.Ultimately,my duty is helping every student to learn.
4.Perhaps the best example is smiling.
【交际用语】
What did you mean by... 通过……你什么意思
So you mean... 你的意思是……
So did that mean... 所以那意味着……吗
What I don’t quite understand is...我很不理解的是……
Could you explain... 你可以解释……吗
Could you give me an example 你能给我举个例子吗
In other words...换句话说……
What I meant was...我的意思是……
What I was trying to say was...我正想要说的是……
Does that make sense 那有意义/讲得通吗
Is that clear 那件事清楚了吗
I can tell that...我能告诉……
【写作指导】
【写作概述】
本单元的写作任务为介绍身体语言,属于介绍性说明文。介绍性说明文是一种向读者介绍人、事、地、物等基本情况的说明文,具有概括性和全面性的特点。它以传授知识为主要目的。此类说明文的写作,一般对内容分类分项,文章条理性强,多用概括和举例的说明方法。语言要求平实简明,通俗易懂。其基本构成为:
1.导言:文章的开头部分,主要说明文章的主题,介绍一下文章所讲述的主要对象,让读者初步了解。基本包括事物的基本特征,能引起读者感兴趣的局部特征,还有知识背景等。这些是导言需要介绍的。
2.正文:正文部分就是详细地说明事物的特征,对事物分项具体阐述,可以用不同顺序来写,比如时间顺序、空间顺序、主次轻重顺序、事物发展的逻辑顺序等,选择适合自己的文章顺序。把事物分多段来写,这样更清晰。
3.结尾:主要强调事物的总体认识水平、掌握这些内容的重要性或者重申事物的全貌和基本特征。
【常用句式】
1.Body language is used by people for sending messages.
身体语言被人们用来传递信息。
2.It is very useful because it can help you make yourself easily understood.
它很有用,因为它能帮你更容易地被理解。
3.When you are talking with others,you are not just using words,but also using expressions and gestures.
当你与别人交谈时,你不仅使用了词汇,还使用了表情和手势。
4.For example,waving one’s hand is to say “Goodbye”.
例如,挥手是“道别”。
5.A smile and handshake show welcome,and clapping hands means congratulations.
微笑和握手表明了欢迎,鼓掌意味着祝贺。
6.Nodding the head means agreement,but shaking the head means disagreement.
点头意味着同意,但是摇头意味着不同意。
7.In parts of Asia,you can’t sit with your feet pointing at another person.
在亚洲的部分地方,你坐着的时候不可以脚尖对着别人。
【针对训练】
根据提示,写一篇100词左右的短文。
人们通常使用口头语言进行交流,但是在日常生活中,人们也会广泛地使用身体语言。你认为身体语言重要吗 日常生活中你会使用它与其他人进行交流吗 写一篇有关身体语言的短文,短文的开头已经给出,不计入总词数。
1.贯穿人类历史,人们都会使用身体语言进行交流。身体语言像口头语言一样重要。
2.当你的朋友伤心的时候,一个微笑或许比语言更有用。
3.在嘈杂的环境下,使用身体语言去交流会更加容易。
People usually communicate with others by spoken words. However,body language is widely used in our daily life.
【写作提示】
※主题:a description of body language
※必备词汇:
communicate with,through human being’s history,frequently,depressed,
cheer sb up,gestures,as a conclusion
※必备句型:
1.I think the answer is...
2.And it is obvious that through human being’s history...
3....at that moment the smile is better than any word...
4.As a conclusion,body language is as important as spoken language.
【参考范文】
People usually communicate with others by spoken words. However,body language is widely used in our daily life.
Have you ever used body language to communicate with others I think the answer is definitely yes.You must have smiled to your friend when you meet him again after a long time.Smiling is body language.And it is obvious that through human being’s history,people used body language to communicate with others frequently.When you find your friend is depressed,you give him a smile to cheer him up and at that moment the smile is better than any word.When you are surrounded by noises,you cannot make yourself understood by words so you use body language to express your ideas.
As a conclusion,body language is as important as spoken language.Unit 4-SectionA-Reading and Thinking
核心考点归纳
【核心词汇】
1.interaction / Int r k n/ n.交流;相互影响
2.vary / ve ri/ vi. （根据情况）变化、改变
3.approve / pru v/ vi. 赞成;同意 vt. 批准，通过
4.demonstrate / dem nstreIt/ vt. 表现;表达;说明;证明
5.witness / wItn s/ vt.目击，见证 n.目击者，证人
6.employ /Im pl I/ vt. 使用;应用;雇用
7.identical /aI dentIkl/ adj.相同的
8.interpret /In t prIt/ vt. 解释 vi.& vt.口译
9.differ / dIf (r)/ vi.相异;不同于
10.cheek/t i k/ n.面颊;脸颊
11.favour/ feIv (r)/ vt. 较喜欢;选择;有利于；n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
12.bow/ba / vi. 鞠躬;点头 vt. 低(头)
13.waist/weIst/ n.腰;腰部
14.barrier/ b ri (r)/ n. 隔阂;障碍
15.fake/feIk/ adj.假装的;假的;冒充的
16.anger/ ɡ (r)/ n. 愤怒;怒气；vt. 使生气;激怒
17.reliable/rI laI bl/ adj.可靠的;可信赖的
【核心短语】
1.vary from...to... 由……到……不等
2.look into someone’s eyes 直视某人的眼睛
3.by contrast 相比之下
4.interpret...as... 把……理解为……
5.by comparison (与……)相比较
6.kiss their friends on the cheek 亲吻他们朋友的脸颊
7.make inferences 推理;推断
8.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
9.get through 完成;用完;度过
10.break down 打破;消除;分解
【核心考点】
Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.(Page 38)
正如口语一样,身体语言也因文化的不同而不同。
★vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
Our country varies widely in tradition from one area to another.
我们国家各地域风俗习惯迥然不同。
His moods vary with the weather.
他的心情随天气而变化。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.
词性 名词
含义 不同种类
②Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are various.
词性 形容词
含义 不同的;各种各样的
【用法归纳】
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.(Page 38)
与别人的交流中,我们使用语言和身体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。
★ interaction n.交流;相互影响
Good interaction between teachers and students is vital in a large class.
在一个庞大班级中良好的师生交流是极为重要的。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①Tom interacts well with other children in the class.
词性 动词
含义 交流
②The school believes in interactive teaching methods.
词性 形容词
含义 合作的;相互影响的
【用法归纳】
In other countries,by contrast,eye contact is not always approved of.(Page 38)
相比而言,在其他国家,眼神交流并不总是被接受的。
★(1)by contrast 相比之下
By contrast,Mary is much diligent than Tom.
相比之下,玛丽比汤姆勤奋得多。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词组的含义
①In contrast with/to their system,ours seems very old-fashioned.
含义 与……相比之下
②In the film,the peaceful life of a farmer is contrasted with the violent existence of a young man.
含义 使……与……形成对比
③The snow was icy and white,contrasting with the brilliant blue sky.
含义 (通过对比)显出差异;形成对照
【用法归纳】
★(2)approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
I entirely approve of that theory.
我完全赞成那种理论。
I approve of your trying to earn some money.
我同意你尝试着去挣一些钱。
The committee approved the plan.
委员会通过了这个计划。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①By doing well at school,he hoped to win his parents’ approval.
词性 名词
含义 赞许
②We need parental approval before allowing students to go on field trips.
词性 名词
含义 同意
【用法归纳】
approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
approve of sth 同意/赞同某事
approval n. 赞许;同意
win sb’s approval 赢得某人的赞许
The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(Page 38)
关键的是用一种适合你所在的文化的方式来使用身体语言。
剖析句中包含两个定语从句:that is appropriate to the culture修饰a way;you are in修饰 the culture。
★appropriate adj. 合适的;恰当的
Your clothes are hardly appropriate for a job interview.
你的服装不太适合求职面试。
At an appropriate moment,I’ll offer the visitors some coffee.
在合适的时候,我会请来访者喝咖啡。
It is not appropriate for you to ask such personal questions in an interview.
=It is not appropriate that you should ask such personal questions in an interview.
采访中你问这样私人的问题是不合适的。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下面句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
The government has been accused of not responding appropriately to the needs of the homeless.
词性 副词
含义 恰当地
【用法归纳】
appropriate adj. 合适的;恰当的
be appropriate to/for sth对……来说是适当的
It is appropriate for sb to do sth.某人做某事是合适的。
It is appropriate that sb should do sth.某人做……是恰当的。
appropriately adv. 适当地
In Japan,it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.(Page 38)
在日本,当对年长的人讲话时,目光向下可以表示尊敬。
剖析句中when talking to an older person为省略句,其完整形式为:when people are talking to an older person。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体部分所省略的成分
①While watching the film,I thought of my parents.
省略 we were
②If necessary,you should turn to your friends for help.
省略 it is
【用法归纳】
For example,in many Middle Eastern countries,men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.(Page 38)
例如,在许多中东国家,男士和女士在社交场合是不允许进行目光交流的。
★permit vt.&vi. 许可;允许;准许
They are not permitted to come here.
他们不允许来这里。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①In the lab,don’t touch anything without your teacher’s permission.
词性 名词
含义 允许;许可;准许
②You’re not allowed to park here unless you have a permit.
词性 名词
含义 许可证
【用法归纳】
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.(Page 38)
甚至我们使用的“是”和“不是”的手势在全世界也是不同的。
★differ vi.相异;不同于
Think about how they differ.
想一想他们如何不同。
She differs from her sister in the colour of her eyes.
她眼睛的颜色与她姐姐的不同。
We differ with each other about the standard.
我们之间关于这个标准有不同的看法。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①The sea air has made a difference to her health.
词性 名词
含义 区别;差异
②The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.
词性 形容词
含义 不同的;有差异的
【用法归纳】
In Japan,someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.(Page 38)
在日本,一个人看到另一个人使用了这个手势或许会认为它意味着钱。
★(1)witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证
Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
词性 名词
含义 证明
②Many of his former friends gave witness to his innocence.
词性 名词
含义 证据
【用法归纳】
★(2)employ vt. 使用;应用;雇用
The report examines teaching methods employed in the classroom.
这个报告考查了教学方法在课堂上的使用。
For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
三年来他一直受雇当消防员。
She has employed herself in protecting the endangered animals.
=She has been employed in protecting the endangered animals.
她忙于保护濒临灭绝的动物。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①The firm has over 500 employees.
词性 名词
含义 雇工;雇员
②The employer treats them very well.
词性 名词
含义 雇用者;雇主;老板
③Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find employment.
词性 名词
含义 职业;工作
【用法归纳】
A smile can break down barriers.(Page 39)
微笑能消除障碍。
★break down 消除;分解;打破
Food is broken down in the stomach.
食物在胃里分解。
I think it’s easy to break down the disagreement between them.
我认为很容易消除他们间的分歧。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词组的含义
①The car broke down on the freeway.
含义 (机器)损坏
②His health broke down because he had been working hard.
含义 (身体)垮掉
③Peace talks have broken down at last.
含义 (会谈)失败
④A terrible war broke out that year.
含义 爆发;发生
⑤The five soldiers fought bravely and broke through the enemy.
含义 突围;突破
⑥Burglars had broken in while we were away.
含义 闯入
⑦At midnight,a thief broke into the bank.
含义 闯入
⑧I want to break away from him.
含义 摆脱;逃离
⑨The meeting broke up at eleven o’clock.
含义 解散
【用法归纳】
Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else.(Page 38)
在别的地方,当见面时,人们较喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
★favour v.较喜欢;选择;有利于
Of the two possible plans I favour the first.
在这两种可行方案中我赞成前者。
The state doesn’t favour the development of small businesses.
这种状况不利于小企业的发展。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①Are you in favour of the bill
词性 名词
含义 赞同;支持
②Could you do me a favour/do a favour for me and turn off that light
词性 名词
含义 帮助;恩惠
③He obtained his position by favour.
词性 名词
含义 偏袒;偏爱
【用法归纳】
Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone’s feelings,their body language or the words they speak (Page 39)
对于理解某人的感受哪个是更可靠的指导,身体语言还是他们讲的话
★reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
We all think of him as a reliable man.
我们都认为他是一个值得信赖的人。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①Whether we will go relies on/upon the weather.
词性 动词
含义 依赖;依靠
②You can rely on him to help you when you are in trouble.
词性 动词
含义 信任;信赖
③You can rely on it that he will show up on time.
词性 动词
含义 指望;相信
【用法归纳】Unit 4-SectionC-Using Language,Assessing Your Progress
核心考点归纳
【核心词汇】
1.educator / ed ukeIt (r)/ n.教师;教育工作者;教育家
2.tendency / tend nsi/ n.趋势，倾向
3.lower / l (r)/ vt. 把……放低;降低;减少；adj.下方的
4.imply /Im plaI/ vt.意味着;暗示
5.barely / be li/ adv. 几乎不;勉强才能;刚刚
6.occupy / kjupaI/ vt. 占据
7.ceiling / si lI / n. 天花板，上限
8.perceive /p si v/ vt. 察觉;看待;理解
9.distinguish /dI stI ɡwI / vi.& vt. 区分
10.anxiety / zaI ti/ n. 焦虑;担心;害怕
11.chest /t est/ n. 胸膛
12.embarrassed/Im b r st/ adj. 难堪的;尴尬的
13.ashamed/ eImd/ adj. 羞愧;惭愧
14.merely/ mI li/ adv.只是;仅仅;只不过
15.bother/ b (r)/ vi.& vt. 费心;麻烦;因……操心；n. 麻烦;不便
16.weep/wi p/ vi.& vt. 哭泣;流泪
17.conflict/ k nflIkt/ n.矛盾;冲突；/k n flIkt/ vi. 冲突;抵触
18.enquire/In kwaI (r)/ vi.& vt. 询问;打听
19.ultimately/ ltIm tli/ adv. 最终;最后
ponent/k m p n nt/ n. 组成部分;零件
【核心短语】
1.in other words 换句话说;也就是说
2.more than 超过
3.tend to do sth 倾向于做某事
4.have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事
5.as though 好像;仿佛
6.at work有某种影响;在工作
7.from now on 从现在开始
8.call on(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请
9.close to靠近;接受
【核心考点】
It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson.(Page 44)
当学生们对一堂课感兴趣时,很容易辨别出来。
★recognise vt. 辨认出;承认;公认
Jack has changed so much that I hardly recognise him.
杰克变化这么大,以至于我几乎认不出他来。
We recognise him to be a hard-working and honest person.
我们认为他是一个勤奋并且诚实的人。
We have to recognise that there are shortcomings in our work.
我们不得不承认我们的工作中有缺点。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
She changed her name and appearance to avoid recognition.
词性 名词
含义 认出;认识
At the same time,in a classroom of more than forty students,it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person.(Page 44)
同时,在一个有40多个学生的教室里,很难与每个人有许多一对一的交流。
剖析句中it为形式主语,to have many one-on-one conversations with each person为真正的主语。
It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.
你帮我解决问题,真是太好了。
It is illegal to drive a car without a licence.
无证驾驶是违法的。
★more than(+数词)超过……;多于
He visited more than 10 countries during the trip to Europe.
在这次欧洲之旅中他访问了10多个国家。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词组的含义
①Peace is much more than the absence of war.
含义 不仅仅……
②Her performance was more than good;it was perfect.
含义 非常……
③The beauty of Hangzhou is more than what words can describe.
含义 超过……(的能力)
④Don’t be angry with him;he is no more than five years old.
含义 仅仅
⑤The book is not more than 30 yuan.
含义 不超过
⑥He is more angry than shocked.
含义 与其说……倒不如说……
⑦He rather than you is praised.
含义 而不是
⑧He finished the task after less than three hours.
含义 少于
⑨There’s nobody here other than me.
含义 除了
【用法归纳】
“more than one+(单数)名词”做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,意为“不止……”。
Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.(Page 44)
当然,并非每个抬头的人都在课堂上注意力集中。
剖析句中not everyone...表示部分否定,意为“并非每个人都……”。
Not everyone acts the same in response to events,and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
并非每个人对事情的反应都是一样的,这就是为什么有的事情会触发一个人却不会触发另一个人的原因。
Such a thing is not to be found everywhere.
这种事并非随处可见。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体部分的含义
①Not both the students are right.
含义 并非都
②The students are not completely in favour of the plan.
含义 并非完全地
【用法归纳】
none,neither,no one,nobody,nothing,never等表示全部否定。
None of the students have passed the exam.
这些学生都没有通过考试。
Most tend to look up and make eye contact.(Page 44)
大多数(学生)往往会抬头并做出眼神的接触。
★tend vi.趋向;易于
His views tend towards the extreme.
他的观点趋于极端。
Women tend to live longer than men.
女人往往比男人长寿。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①My mother is so old that she needs to be tended (to).
词性 动词
含义 照顾
②She had a tendency to talk fast when she was nervous.
词性 名词
含义 趋向;倾向
【用法归纳】
With their chins on their hands,they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.(Page 44)
双手托着下巴,他们忙着盯着窗外或天花板。
★occupy vt.占据,占用
The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.
床似乎占去了大半个房间。
Daily work occupies half of my time.
日常工作占用了我一半的时间。
She occupied herself with routine office tasks.
她忙于办公室的日常工作。
Harry occupied himself in writing his homework.
哈利忙于写家庭作业。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
①Helen was fully occupied looking after three children.
词性 形容词
含义 忙于
②Please state your name,age and occupation below.
词性 名词
含义 职业;工作
【用法归纳】
occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth
忙于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
occupied adj. 忙于;从事
occupation n. 占领;职业;工作
It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(Page 44)
好像他们睁着眼睛睡觉。
★as though好像;好比;仿佛
It seemed as though they were very tired.
看上去他们很累。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,判断黑体部分后的从句是陈述语气还是虚拟语气
①She treats the baby as though/if he were her own child.
语气 虚拟
②My teacher looked as though/if he had known the thing completely.
语气 虚拟
③It looks as though/if it’s going to rain.
语气 陈述
④My brother learns English so hard as though/if he would go to the USA.
语气 虚拟
【用法归纳】
在as though/if所引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中,若从句所表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的,从句要用陈述语气。
若说话人所陈述的是不真实或极不可能发生或存在的情况时,从句要用虚拟语气。
as though/if引导虚拟语气时的动词时态:
They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.(Page 44)
他们也或许会双手掩面,就好像他们是尴尬或羞愧的。
★(1)embarrassed adj.难堪的;尴尬的
Hearing the news,I felt very embarrassed.
听到这个消息,我感到难堪极了。
I was embarrassed at his unexpected question.
他突然的提问让我不知所措。
She’s embarrassed about her height.
她因自己的身高而困窘。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①My face tu
rned red with embarrassment.
词性 名词 含义 窘迫;尴尬
②Now he is in an embarrassing situation.
词性 形容词
含义 令人尴尬的;使人难堪的
③This thing embarrassed me.
词性 动词
含义 使尴尬
【用法归纳】
★(2)ashamed adj. 羞愧;惭愧
John felt ashamed after he was laughed at by some kids.
在被一些孩子取笑后,约翰感到羞愧。
I was once ashamed to admit my weakness.
我曾经羞于承认我的弱点。
You should feel ashamed of failing to finish the task.
你应因没完成任务而感到惭愧。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
①It’s a shame that you live at such a distance.
词性 名词
含义 遗憾的事
②There is no shame in wanting to be successful.
词性 名词
含义 耻辱;丢脸
【用法归纳】
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(Page 44)
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
剖析句中连词while表示让步关系,意为“虽然;尽管”,相当于though,although。
While I like Tom personally,I don’t approve of what he has done this time.
尽管我个人喜欢汤姆,但我并不支持他这次所做的事。
【合作探究】 读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的含义
①He likes playing basketball,while I like listening to music.
含义 然而
②While I was cooking,the children were playing outside.
含义 当……时
③She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.
含义 一会儿;一段时间
④While there is life,there is hope.
含义 只要
【用法归纳】
It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.(Page 44)
这可能是她与别的学生或在家里有严重的冲突。
★conflict n. 矛盾;冲突
The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty.
这个故事讲的是一个典型的爱情与责任之间的矛盾。
The two countries have been in conflict with each other for decades.
这两个国家的冲突已有几十年了。
He often comes into conflict with his classmates.
他经常和同学们发生冲突。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词的词性和含义
It’s obvious that our interests conflict with yours.
词性 动词
含义 矛盾;冲突
【用法归纳】
in conflict with 与……有冲突
come into conflict with 与……产生冲突
conflict with 与……相冲突
Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.(Page 44)
许多学生有这种方式的行为仅仅是因为他们害怕被老师叫去谈话。
★call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请
Let’s call on Tom!咱们去看看汤姆吧!
I now call on the chairman to address the meeting.
现在有请主席向大会致辞。
【合作探究】
读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体词组的含义
①Wait for a while and I’ll call back.
含义 回电话
②I think the job calls for patience.
含义 需要
③It’s snowy and let’s call off the meeting.
含义 取消;停止进行
④I called up my father and told him the news.
含义 打电话给……
⑤They were called up right at the beginning of the war.
含义 征召入伍
⑥Your letter called up the days in the village.
含义 使回忆起
⑦Several people have called in sick today.
含义 打电话来
【用法归纳】
