2022届高考英语一轮复习语法体系第二讲 名词和数词 学案（无答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2022届高考英语一轮复习语法体系第二讲 名词和数词 学案（无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 161.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-10-28 14:56:41 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
“高考英语经典课程” 专题二: 名词及主谓一致
一、兴趣导入
joke-telling
Teacher: “Why are you often late for school ”
Student: “Because the sign said: School Zone, Go Slow!”
2、知识点回顾(句子成分及句子结构）
【单句改错】
1..There is no doubt that do exercise is beneficial to our health.
2..I found the test difficult, but I tried hard to do it; suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers.
3.The teachers here are kind and helpfully; they are not only our teachers but also our friends.
4.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.
5.Hope you good health and much happiness every day!
6.We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
7.I don't believe what you said, but because you can prove it, you may be able to convince me.
8.We four were greatly touched to hear the old man's story.
9.There was Uncle Chen, gentleman living near my house, who was a very famous writer.
10.Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.
11. There will have a football match in our school next Friday.
三．知识点讲解
1、【谨记规则】
1. 可数名词有单复数形式，而不可数名词通常没有复数形式。表示一个人或事物用单数，
表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。
可数名词复数 变化规则
1） 规则变化
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：
book--- bag----- cat--- bed---
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：
bus---- , box- -- , brush--- , watch---
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：
family--- strawberry--- story----
补充： day--- toy------ boy------
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：
记忆口诀：妻子( )拿到去砍狼( )，
小偷( )见了直发慌，
躲在架( )后保己( )命( )，
半( )片树叶( )遮目光
5.以“o”结尾的，加s或es, 如：
加es: 黑人( )英雄( )喜欢吃西红柿( )，土豆( )
加s: 动物园（ ）照片（ ）中的袋鼠（ ）可以用竹子（ ）听收音机（ ）和弹钢琴（ ）
总结：
2） 不规则变化
变元音：
man--- woman--- policeman--- policewoman----
foot-- tooth--- goose-- child---
phenomenon--- medium---- bacterium---- datum----
单复同形：
记忆口诀：农场里养的鹿（ ）和绵羊（ ），水里还有游的鱼（ ）；中（ ）日（ ）两国人来耍，回去告诉了瑞士人（ ）；
形单实复：people--- police------ staff---- cattle----
不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some(一些)，any(任何，一些), no(没有), a little(少许)等词。
1）常考的不可数名词
advice建议 equipment装备
experience经验(注：作“经历”讲时可数) exercise锻炼(注：作“练习；体操”讲时可数)
fun开心、快乐的事 furniture家具
news/information/word消息，新闻 baggage/luggage行李
progress进步 practice练习
wealth财富，富裕 knowledge知识
jewelry珠宝 change零钱(注：作“变化”讲时可数)
不可数名词量的表达：“数词+名词+ of +不可数名词”。需要注意的是，如果数词大于1
时，量词要变为复数形式，不可数名词不能加s. 如：
可数名词与不可数名词用法对比
可数名词 不可数名词
1. 有单数和复数形式。 1. 只有单数形式。
2. 可以直接用 a/an或数词来修饰。 2. 不能用a/an或数词修饰。
3.可以用some, any, few, a few, many, a lot of来修饰可数名词复数。 3. 可以用some, any, little, a little,much,alotof来修饰不可数名词。
4. 提问数量用how many. 4. 提问数量用how much.
5. 单个可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；多个单数名词或复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。 5. 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；但不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
小试牛刀：
写出下列各词的复数
dish _________ thief _________ baby ___________ mango _______watch _______child _______
photo ________diary _______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _______thief _______ peach______
sandwich _______man______ woman_______ paper_______juice________water________
milk________ rice__________ tea_______ child_______ boy_______ story________
2）抽象名词具体化
抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次……的事情；一个……的人；一种……的东西”。如：
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
小试牛刀：
（2016.全国卷）But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ____(attract)．
3）物质名词的复数现象
paper(纸)—papers(证件，论文) custom(风俗习惯)—customs(海关)
sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩，沙漠) water(水)—waters(水域，水体)
time(时间)—times(时代) wood(木头，木材)—woods(树林)
名词的所有格
1）有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加 's。
his father's boss 他爸爸的老板
2）无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。
the window of the room 这个房间的窗户
3）双重所有格：of+名词“‘s”结构
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of hers 她的两张照片
例：(2019·郑州质量预测)Now I'm feeling regretful and disturbed. I'm not sure whether a computer's repair shop can get the documents back.
三．考点精讲：
考点1： 语法填空解题“三定向”
一.根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式
（1）不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式;
(2)有these,those,several,all,many,both,a pair of,a variety of,different,a few等修饰可数名词时名词用复数形；
（3）名词前有one of，among时用名词复数形式。
【思路点拨】
1. The team who won the three world (championship)would always get this cup.
2. Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of (scissor).
3.During the festival ,which lasts threes or four days,people are dressed in their best clothes and participated a variety of rich and colorful (activity).
4. Although they are seen as companions and part of the family today, China and Western countries have different cultural (belief) about dogs.
5.Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational (complaint) about the unbearable advertisements.
二.根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式
名词作主语时，如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要虑用名词的复数形式。
【思路点拨】
1. While here are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us, the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
2. Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
三.根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式
表示两个（或两个以上）的可数名词及并列名词时，名词需复数形式
【思路点拨】
1.Tim and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on (passer- by).
2.It thinks that Chinglish may hurt people's ability to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with (foreigner).
3. Unable to express himself easily in conversation, he uses a special typewriter to write letters to his friends, and beautiful ( poem).
考点2：三招巧解短文改错解题
一.分清名词单复数
看到 several，a few，many， one of, a number of，large number of，a great many等和具体数字（two，three）等时，要想到其后的名词应用复数形式。
【思路点拨】
l. The two thing that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.
1. It is not easy for our parent to bring us up.
2. I failed to respond to their question.
3. The teachers often encourage us to make more friend in the school.
4. Due to some rich tourist attraction, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they cannot only appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also enjoy the delicious food.
二．明了不可数名词
看到 information，evidence， advice，baggage，news， homework，work，fun，progress，knowledge, furniture, luggage, strength等，要想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式
【思路点拨】
1.He has much knowledges and his teaching method is scientific.
2.Looking at the spot where he thought the "fly"was again,he was so angry that he slapped it with all his strengths.
3.A lot of informations can be stored in it.
4.She' s getting married next month and decides to buy some decorations and furnitures.
三．注意词性错误
看到冠词、形容词性物主代词、介词或及物动词（短语），要想到后跟名词形式。
【思路点拨】
1.I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient.
2.Firstly, it is of vital important to have a positive attitude. 3.I restarted to pick up my confident again.
当堂过手训练
一、用所给名词的适当形式填空：
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
二、语法填空
（1）The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle fed...
（2）Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．
（3）Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．
（4）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C．，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.
（5）Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.
（6）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.
（7）We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ (different)unite，rather than divide us.
（8）The 12th China Arts Festival will bring a series of art (activity) to the Chinese economic and art center, Shanghai.
（9）Grolet won the World's Best Pastry Chef both in 2017 and 2018，and has over 1 million
(follower) on Instagram
（10）About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food including fish and (vegetable).
反思总结：
拓展练习
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(每空至多3词)。
Seeing the Great Wall
The Great Wall 1． (snake) more than 6, 000 kilometers. First built to keep out invaders, it is now a popular tourist 2． (attract)．
Badaling is the most famous of the five sections 3． lie near Beijing and can be accessed 4． (easy). About two hours away by bus lies Jinshanling. This well-preserved section of the wall has not been repaired since 1570! If you’re looking for a 5． (peace) walk and amazing views，this is the spot 6． (visit). About six kilometers from Jiayuguan city in Gansu province, you can visit Jiayuguan. It was the starting place for the section of the Great Wall 7． (build) during the Ming Dynasty. This pass is the best preserved 8． the Great Wall military forts (军事要塞). The eastern end of the Great Wall is Shanhaiguan in Hebei province. The east tower of the Shanhai Pass is called the First Pass Under Heaven. Stand near the tower to see the roaring sea on one side and the Great Wall on the 9． .
Wherever you choose to visit the Great Wall, you will be 10． (amaze). It is like no other structure on Earth.
短文改错
Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late with work.. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn’t start coming on time, but he went to the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. The man did as told and sleep really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.” Boss,” he said ,”that medicine really works!” I’m pleasing to hear it ,”said his boss,” but where were you yesterday ”
专题二: 数词
[思维导图]
一、数词的分类
1. 基数词：表示数目多少的数词
100以内单词的拼写：
1）1至12各不相同：
2） 13至19加-teen
3) 整十位数加-ty
4) hundred 是“百”， thousand 是“千”， million 是“百万”， billion 是“十亿”。
5）三位数的基数词（101---999）， 要在百位数和十位数之间加and.。
117：
2. 序数词：表示先后顺序的词。
口诀：一、二、三特殊记，八去t , 九去e，ve要用f替。整十变y为ie，若要变成“第几十几”，只需各位变序就可以。
第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上
二、数词的用法
三、几个特殊的结构
1、Firstly, she did not intend to marry at all; secondly, she meant to go on with her studies. 首先，她根本不打算结婚；其次，她打算继续学习。
2、A computer consists of thousands of components.电脑由成千上万个部件组成。
3、Hundreds of people were injured when the train went off the rails.火车出轨时，数百人受伤。
4、The library subscribes to scores of periodicals.图书馆订购了几十种期刊。
5、He planned to buy dozens of reference books.他计划买几十本参考书。
当堂过手训练
单句填空
1. (2018福建福州) However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one _______ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half of the population.
2. (2018山西孝义)What they learnt helped them make _____ first airplane flight in 1903.
3. He is the _______ (five) person to ask me the same question.
4. I have read the tenth chapter but not the _________ (twelve).
5. It was the________ (three) time one of his cars had gone up in flames.
6. Osaka is the ________ (two) largest city in Japan.
7. Yuri Gagarin became the first man ______ (fly) in space.
单句改错
1. He died within a few days of his ninety birthday.
2. The station is a ten-minutes walk from my house.
3. Three fifth of the students are women.
4. At the first, he seemed surprised by my questions.
5. I just want to give these kids the second chance.
6. Billy is fourteen years old and in ninth grade.
四、巩固练习（家庭作业）
短文改错
Of all the teachers in my primary school，the one who impressed me most was Mrs.Huang.She was my five grade teacher.She was able to making learning fun and I liked her classes very much.Besides，she made me leader of many group project，which gave me confidence.That was with her help that I soon became top student in our class.Looked back on it，I'm very proud for having such an excellent teacher.The reason why I did so good was that she made me to feel confident.I am really grateful to her and I hoped one day I will become a teacher like her.
5、拓展练习
I-HOUSE 2017—2018 DINING SERVICES NOTICE
Meals Hours Days
Breakfast 7:15 am—9:30 am Monday—Friday
Lunch 11:30 am—1:30 pm Monday—Friday
Dinner 6:00 pm—8:00 pm[ Monday—Sunday
Brunch 9:30 am—1:00 pm Saturdays & Sundays
International House (I-House) serves meals that international students can choose from.On holidays only one meal is served.Meals do not carry over from term to term.You have the option of purchasing extra meals through Dining Services.Included in the I-House Room & Board package is a resident meal plan.The meals per period will be as indicated:
Meal Cards — Dining Services operate on a computerized system.Your student ID or I-House Access Card will serve as your meal card and get coded in the computer system.NO MEALS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITHOUT PRESENTATION OF A VALID MEAL CARD OR CASH.If your card is damaged,you are responsible for replacing your card and then contact Dining Services to have it coded again before entering the dining area.
Removal of Food or Supplies — Removing food or supplies from the Dining Facility,without permission,may result in additional charges to your Room & Board to pay the costs or any related expenses.
Special Diets — Dining Services provide a variety of meal options,including religious selections.Although not guaranteed,special diets can usually be accommodated within our ability.You may arrange a meeting with our dining staff to discuss any special diet concerns or food allergies by e-mailing.
Physical Disabilities — The International House Dining Facility is accessible to all disabled residents.However,the residents must be accompanied by their personal nurses for meal assistance.They will receive a meal free of charge at the time assistance is given.
1.How many meals are usually served every week
A.17. B.18. C.19. D.20.
2.What can you do if your meal card doesn’t work properly
A.Pay in cash. B.Get food free. C.Have it repaired. D.Get it coded.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.The services there meet different needs. B.The food in services is delicious and safe.
C.Removing food will result in great charges. D.The dining staff are professional and polite.
巩固练习1
1--100数词你会几个？？？
默写0-10
可数名词复数：用基数词表示量 two books
不可数名词：不可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词。无单复数之分，但可用下面的公式表示其量的复数。
数词+计量单位名词（可数）+of+不可数名词
A piece of paper Two pieces of paper
There ___________two books and a pen on the desk.
There ___________a pen and two books on the desk.
There ___________a box of milk in the fridge.
There ___________two boxes of milk in the fridge.
[牛刀小试]
1、把单数变成复数
coat_______ skirt_______ dress_______ house_______ watch _______
car_______ brush_______box_______ toy_______ umbrella_______ ticket_______ teacher_______ son_______ student_______ job_______ life__________ shelf_________piano_________sheep_________ foot_________ child_________Chinese________ baby_________ photo________ tomato___________
she_________ this_______ is_________ banana________ apple________ potato___________
2、用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. We are ________ (student).
2. I have five ________ (watch).
3. Her father is a ________ (doctor).
4. What’s your ______ (job)
5. What are their ________ (job)
6. These _________ (shelf) are not very good.
7. Two ________ (wolf) are in the forest.
8. The ____________ (housewife) are very lazy.
9. I have two ________ (knife). Do you need one
10. There is a _______ (hero). There are two _______ (hero).
11. This _______ (potato) is very nice.
12. There are two red _________ (tomato) on the table.
13. We have four ________ (piano) in our school.
(一) 单选题：
1. The_______ of most trees will fall in autumn.
A leaf B. leafs C leaves
2. "Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop " "Go down this road. It's about_________ walk
A. five minute's B. five minutes' C. five-minutes
3. 一David has been away for more than 25 days．
--I miss him very much．You know，25 days _______ short．
A．is B．isn’t C are D．aren’t
4. —Are there any _______ in the picture —Yes, there are.
A. fish B. pork C. beef
5. _______ about the sports meeting make us excited.
A. News B. Information C. Messages D. Advice
6. —Mr. Smith always has _____ to tell us. —So he does.
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of news
7. The old man used to raise many _____ to make a living on the farm.
A. duck B. horse C. sheep
8. Mary's skirt is the same as her_____.
A. sisters B. brother’s C. sister’s
9 .—What’s in the icebox ---A few ____, but little ____.
A. apple, milks B. apples, milks C. apples, milk
10. ____ mothers can’t go to the meeting , because they have gone to New York on business .
A. Alice and Lily’s B. Alice’s and Lily’s C. Alice’s and Lily
(二) 填空题：
1. Neither he nor I _________ going back to our home town in the summer holidays.
2. Here _________ three pieces of paper for you.
3. This __________ of trousers _________ too long for me.
4. A red and black bird ____________ sitting in the tree.
5. There ________ a piece of bread and two glasses of water.
6. Not only my classmates but also my teacher ____________ sports. (like)
7. The police _______ sent to search the killer. (be)
8. You’re the only one that __________ the answer to the question. (know)
9. Nobody but Wei Dong and Wei Fang _________ in the room just now. (be)
10. One hundred kilometers _________ a long distance. (be)
11. After the exam, there ________ a lot of time for us to relax. (be)
12. Every means _________ tried, but no result was got. (be)
13. He as well as I _________ active in singing. (be)
序数词前一般
要加the
Mike won (the) first prize in the speech contest.
He fared better in the second test.
比较：The rich man has bought two cars. But he wants to buy a third one this week.
表示编号 the Twelfth Lesson = Lesson Twelve 第12课
表达“一两天/周/月/年”a week or two =one or two weeks一两周
表达“一个半”one /an hour and a half=one and a half hours一个半小时
分数表达法 1/5读作one fifth；
3/5读作three fifths;
1/4可读作a quarter
“数词+-+名词”作定语an eight-year boy 一个八岁的男孩；
a five-minute walk 步行5分钟的路程
比较：a five minutes’ walk步行5分钟的路程
与最高级连用表示“第几长/宽/高/……”
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China. 广州是中国的第三大城市。
the last表示“最不可能的”
He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人。
表达“某人第几次做某事”
It was the first time he had been out with her alone.这是他第一次单独和她出去。
表达“几十多岁”in her thirties在她三十多岁时
年代表示法in the 1990’s 或 in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
数词的用法
15
一、兴趣导入
joke-telling
Teacher: “Why are you often late for school ”
Student: “Because the sign said: School Zone, Go Slow!”
2、知识点回顾(句子成分及句子结构）
【单句改错】
1..There is no doubt that do exercise is beneficial to our health.
2..I found the test difficult, but I tried hard to do it; suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers.
3.The teachers here are kind and helpfully; they are not only our teachers but also our friends.
4.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.
5.Hope you good health and much happiness every day!
6.We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
7.I don't believe what you said, but because you can prove it, you may be able to convince me.
8.We four were greatly touched to hear the old man's story.
9.There was Uncle Chen, gentleman living near my house, who was a very famous writer.
10.Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.
11. There will have a football match in our school next Friday.
三．知识点讲解
1、【谨记规则】
1. 可数名词有单复数形式，而不可数名词通常没有复数形式。表示一个人或事物用单数，
表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。
可数名词复数 变化规则
1） 规则变化
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：
book--- bag----- cat--- bed---
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：
bus---- , box- -- , brush--- , watch---
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：
family--- strawberry--- story----
补充： day--- toy------ boy------
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：
记忆口诀：妻子( )拿到去砍狼( )，
小偷( )见了直发慌，
躲在架( )后保己( )命( )，
半( )片树叶( )遮目光
5.以“o”结尾的，加s或es, 如：
加es: 黑人( )英雄( )喜欢吃西红柿( )，土豆( )
加s: 动物园（ ）照片（ ）中的袋鼠（ ）可以用竹子（ ）听收音机（ ）和弹钢琴（ ）
总结：
2） 不规则变化
变元音：
man--- woman--- policeman--- policewoman----
foot-- tooth--- goose-- child---
phenomenon--- medium---- bacterium---- datum----
单复同形：
记忆口诀：农场里养的鹿（ ）和绵羊（ ），水里还有游的鱼（ ）；中（ ）日（ ）两国人来耍，回去告诉了瑞士人（ ）；
形单实复：people--- police------ staff---- cattle----
不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some(一些)，any(任何，一些), no(没有), a little(少许)等词。
1）常考的不可数名词
advice建议 equipment装备
experience经验(注：作“经历”讲时可数) exercise锻炼(注：作“练习；体操”讲时可数)
fun开心、快乐的事 furniture家具
news/information/word消息，新闻 baggage/luggage行李
progress进步 practice练习
wealth财富，富裕 knowledge知识
jewelry珠宝 change零钱(注：作“变化”讲时可数)
不可数名词量的表达：“数词+名词+ of +不可数名词”。需要注意的是，如果数词大于1
时，量词要变为复数形式，不可数名词不能加s. 如：
可数名词与不可数名词用法对比
可数名词 不可数名词
1. 有单数和复数形式。 1. 只有单数形式。
2. 可以直接用 a/an或数词来修饰。 2. 不能用a/an或数词修饰。
3.可以用some, any, few, a few, many, a lot of来修饰可数名词复数。 3. 可以用some, any, little, a little,much,alotof来修饰不可数名词。
4. 提问数量用how many. 4. 提问数量用how much.
5. 单个可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；多个单数名词或复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。 5. 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；但不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
小试牛刀：
写出下列各词的复数
dish _________ thief _________ baby ___________ mango _______watch _______child _______
photo ________diary _______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _______thief _______ peach______
sandwich _______man______ woman_______ paper_______juice________water________
milk________ rice__________ tea_______ child_______ boy_______ story________
2）抽象名词具体化
抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次……的事情；一个……的人；一种……的东西”。如：
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
小试牛刀：
（2016.全国卷）But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ____(attract)．
3）物质名词的复数现象
paper(纸)—papers(证件，论文) custom(风俗习惯)—customs(海关)
sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩，沙漠) water(水)—waters(水域，水体)
time(时间)—times(时代) wood(木头，木材)—woods(树林)
名词的所有格
1）有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加 's。
his father's boss 他爸爸的老板
2）无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。
the window of the room 这个房间的窗户
3）双重所有格：of+名词“‘s”结构
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友 two photos of hers 她的两张照片
例：(2019·郑州质量预测)Now I'm feeling regretful and disturbed. I'm not sure whether a computer's repair shop can get the documents back.
三．考点精讲：
考点1： 语法填空解题“三定向”
一.根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式
（1）不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式;
(2)有these,those,several,all,many,both,a pair of,a variety of,different,a few等修饰可数名词时名词用复数形；
（3）名词前有one of，among时用名词复数形式。
【思路点拨】
1. The team who won the three world (championship)would always get this cup.
2. Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of (scissor).
3.During the festival ,which lasts threes or four days,people are dressed in their best clothes and participated a variety of rich and colorful (activity).
4. Although they are seen as companions and part of the family today, China and Western countries have different cultural (belief) about dogs.
5.Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational (complaint) about the unbearable advertisements.
二.根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式
名词作主语时，如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要虑用名词的复数形式。
【思路点拨】
1. While here are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us, the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
2. Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
三.根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式
表示两个（或两个以上）的可数名词及并列名词时，名词需复数形式
【思路点拨】
1.Tim and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on (passer- by).
2.It thinks that Chinglish may hurt people's ability to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with (foreigner).
3. Unable to express himself easily in conversation, he uses a special typewriter to write letters to his friends, and beautiful ( poem).
考点2：三招巧解短文改错解题
一.分清名词单复数
看到 several，a few，many， one of, a number of，large number of，a great many等和具体数字（two，three）等时，要想到其后的名词应用复数形式。
【思路点拨】
l. The two thing that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.
1. It is not easy for our parent to bring us up.
2. I failed to respond to their question.
3. The teachers often encourage us to make more friend in the school.
4. Due to some rich tourist attraction, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they cannot only appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also enjoy the delicious food.
二．明了不可数名词
看到 information，evidence， advice，baggage，news， homework，work，fun，progress，knowledge, furniture, luggage, strength等，要想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式
【思路点拨】
1.He has much knowledges and his teaching method is scientific.
2.Looking at the spot where he thought the "fly"was again,he was so angry that he slapped it with all his strengths.
3.A lot of informations can be stored in it.
4.She' s getting married next month and decides to buy some decorations and furnitures.
三．注意词性错误
看到冠词、形容词性物主代词、介词或及物动词（短语），要想到后跟名词形式。
【思路点拨】
1.I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient.
2.Firstly, it is of vital important to have a positive attitude. 3.I restarted to pick up my confident again.
当堂过手训练
一、用所给名词的适当形式填空：
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
二、语法填空
（1）The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle fed...
（2）Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．
（3）Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．
（4）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C．，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.
（5）Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.
（6）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.
（7）We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ (different)unite，rather than divide us.
（8）The 12th China Arts Festival will bring a series of art (activity) to the Chinese economic and art center, Shanghai.
（9）Grolet won the World's Best Pastry Chef both in 2017 and 2018，and has over 1 million
(follower) on Instagram
（10）About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food including fish and (vegetable).
反思总结：
拓展练习
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(每空至多3词)。
Seeing the Great Wall
The Great Wall 1． (snake) more than 6, 000 kilometers. First built to keep out invaders, it is now a popular tourist 2． (attract)．
Badaling is the most famous of the five sections 3． lie near Beijing and can be accessed 4． (easy). About two hours away by bus lies Jinshanling. This well-preserved section of the wall has not been repaired since 1570! If you’re looking for a 5． (peace) walk and amazing views，this is the spot 6． (visit). About six kilometers from Jiayuguan city in Gansu province, you can visit Jiayuguan. It was the starting place for the section of the Great Wall 7． (build) during the Ming Dynasty. This pass is the best preserved 8． the Great Wall military forts (军事要塞). The eastern end of the Great Wall is Shanhaiguan in Hebei province. The east tower of the Shanhai Pass is called the First Pass Under Heaven. Stand near the tower to see the roaring sea on one side and the Great Wall on the 9． .
Wherever you choose to visit the Great Wall, you will be 10． (amaze). It is like no other structure on Earth.
短文改错
Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late with work.. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn’t start coming on time, but he went to the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. The man did as told and sleep really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.” Boss,” he said ,”that medicine really works!” I’m pleasing to hear it ,”said his boss,” but where were you yesterday ”
专题二: 数词
[思维导图]
一、数词的分类
1. 基数词：表示数目多少的数词
100以内单词的拼写：
1）1至12各不相同：
2） 13至19加-teen
3) 整十位数加-ty
4) hundred 是“百”， thousand 是“千”， million 是“百万”， billion 是“十亿”。
5）三位数的基数词（101---999）， 要在百位数和十位数之间加and.。
117：
2. 序数词：表示先后顺序的词。
口诀：一、二、三特殊记，八去t , 九去e，ve要用f替。整十变y为ie，若要变成“第几十几”，只需各位变序就可以。
第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上
二、数词的用法
三、几个特殊的结构
1、Firstly, she did not intend to marry at all; secondly, she meant to go on with her studies. 首先，她根本不打算结婚；其次，她打算继续学习。
2、A computer consists of thousands of components.电脑由成千上万个部件组成。
3、Hundreds of people were injured when the train went off the rails.火车出轨时，数百人受伤。
4、The library subscribes to scores of periodicals.图书馆订购了几十种期刊。
5、He planned to buy dozens of reference books.他计划买几十本参考书。
当堂过手训练
单句填空
1. (2018福建福州) However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one _______ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half of the population.
2. (2018山西孝义)What they learnt helped them make _____ first airplane flight in 1903.
3. He is the _______ (five) person to ask me the same question.
4. I have read the tenth chapter but not the _________ (twelve).
5. It was the________ (three) time one of his cars had gone up in flames.
6. Osaka is the ________ (two) largest city in Japan.
7. Yuri Gagarin became the first man ______ (fly) in space.
单句改错
1. He died within a few days of his ninety birthday.
2. The station is a ten-minutes walk from my house.
3. Three fifth of the students are women.
4. At the first, he seemed surprised by my questions.
5. I just want to give these kids the second chance.
6. Billy is fourteen years old and in ninth grade.
四、巩固练习（家庭作业）
短文改错
Of all the teachers in my primary school，the one who impressed me most was Mrs.Huang.She was my five grade teacher.She was able to making learning fun and I liked her classes very much.Besides，she made me leader of many group project，which gave me confidence.That was with her help that I soon became top student in our class.Looked back on it，I'm very proud for having such an excellent teacher.The reason why I did so good was that she made me to feel confident.I am really grateful to her and I hoped one day I will become a teacher like her.
5、拓展练习
I-HOUSE 2017—2018 DINING SERVICES NOTICE
Meals Hours Days
Breakfast 7:15 am—9:30 am Monday—Friday
Lunch 11:30 am—1:30 pm Monday—Friday
Dinner 6:00 pm—8:00 pm[ Monday—Sunday
Brunch 9:30 am—1:00 pm Saturdays & Sundays
International House (I-House) serves meals that international students can choose from.On holidays only one meal is served.Meals do not carry over from term to term.You have the option of purchasing extra meals through Dining Services.Included in the I-House Room & Board package is a resident meal plan.The meals per period will be as indicated:
Meal Cards — Dining Services operate on a computerized system.Your student ID or I-House Access Card will serve as your meal card and get coded in the computer system.NO MEALS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITHOUT PRESENTATION OF A VALID MEAL CARD OR CASH.If your card is damaged,you are responsible for replacing your card and then contact Dining Services to have it coded again before entering the dining area.
Removal of Food or Supplies — Removing food or supplies from the Dining Facility,without permission,may result in additional charges to your Room & Board to pay the costs or any related expenses.
Special Diets — Dining Services provide a variety of meal options,including religious selections.Although not guaranteed,special diets can usually be accommodated within our ability.You may arrange a meeting with our dining staff to discuss any special diet concerns or food allergies by e-mailing.
Physical Disabilities — The International House Dining Facility is accessible to all disabled residents.However,the residents must be accompanied by their personal nurses for meal assistance.They will receive a meal free of charge at the time assistance is given.
1.How many meals are usually served every week
A.17. B.18. C.19. D.20.
2.What can you do if your meal card doesn’t work properly
A.Pay in cash. B.Get food free. C.Have it repaired. D.Get it coded.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.The services there meet different needs. B.The food in services is delicious and safe.
C.Removing food will result in great charges. D.The dining staff are professional and polite.
巩固练习1
1--100数词你会几个？？？
默写0-10
可数名词复数：用基数词表示量 two books
不可数名词：不可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词。无单复数之分，但可用下面的公式表示其量的复数。
数词+计量单位名词（可数）+of+不可数名词
A piece of paper Two pieces of paper
There ___________two books and a pen on the desk.
There ___________a pen and two books on the desk.
There ___________a box of milk in the fridge.
There ___________two boxes of milk in the fridge.
[牛刀小试]
1、把单数变成复数
coat_______ skirt_______ dress_______ house_______ watch _______
car_______ brush_______box_______ toy_______ umbrella_______ ticket_______ teacher_______ son_______ student_______ job_______ life__________ shelf_________piano_________sheep_________ foot_________ child_________Chinese________ baby_________ photo________ tomato___________
she_________ this_______ is_________ banana________ apple________ potato___________
2、用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. We are ________ (student).
2. I have five ________ (watch).
3. Her father is a ________ (doctor).
4. What’s your ______ (job)
5. What are their ________ (job)
6. These _________ (shelf) are not very good.
7. Two ________ (wolf) are in the forest.
8. The ____________ (housewife) are very lazy.
9. I have two ________ (knife). Do you need one
10. There is a _______ (hero). There are two _______ (hero).
11. This _______ (potato) is very nice.
12. There are two red _________ (tomato) on the table.
13. We have four ________ (piano) in our school.
(一) 单选题：
1. The_______ of most trees will fall in autumn.
A leaf B. leafs C leaves
2. "Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop " "Go down this road. It's about_________ walk
A. five minute's B. five minutes' C. five-minutes
3. 一David has been away for more than 25 days．
--I miss him very much．You know，25 days _______ short．
A．is B．isn’t C are D．aren’t
4. —Are there any _______ in the picture —Yes, there are.
A. fish B. pork C. beef
5. _______ about the sports meeting make us excited.
A. News B. Information C. Messages D. Advice
6. —Mr. Smith always has _____ to tell us. —So he does.
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of news
7. The old man used to raise many _____ to make a living on the farm.
A. duck B. horse C. sheep
8. Mary's skirt is the same as her_____.
A. sisters B. brother’s C. sister’s
9 .—What’s in the icebox ---A few ____, but little ____.
A. apple, milks B. apples, milks C. apples, milk
10. ____ mothers can’t go to the meeting , because they have gone to New York on business .
A. Alice and Lily’s B. Alice’s and Lily’s C. Alice’s and Lily
(二) 填空题：
1. Neither he nor I _________ going back to our home town in the summer holidays.
2. Here _________ three pieces of paper for you.
3. This __________ of trousers _________ too long for me.
4. A red and black bird ____________ sitting in the tree.
5. There ________ a piece of bread and two glasses of water.
6. Not only my classmates but also my teacher ____________ sports. (like)
7. The police _______ sent to search the killer. (be)
8. You’re the only one that __________ the answer to the question. (know)
9. Nobody but Wei Dong and Wei Fang _________ in the room just now. (be)
10. One hundred kilometers _________ a long distance. (be)
11. After the exam, there ________ a lot of time for us to relax. (be)
12. Every means _________ tried, but no result was got. (be)
13. He as well as I _________ active in singing. (be)
序数词前一般
要加the
Mike won (the) first prize in the speech contest.
He fared better in the second test.
比较：The rich man has bought two cars. But he wants to buy a third one this week.
表示编号 the Twelfth Lesson = Lesson Twelve 第12课
表达“一两天/周/月/年”a week or two =one or two weeks一两周
表达“一个半”one /an hour and a half=one and a half hours一个半小时
分数表达法 1/5读作one fifth；
3/5读作three fifths;
1/4可读作a quarter
“数词+-+名词”作定语an eight-year boy 一个八岁的男孩；
a five-minute walk 步行5分钟的路程
比较：a five minutes’ walk步行5分钟的路程
与最高级连用表示“第几长/宽/高/……”
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China. 广州是中国的第三大城市。
the last表示“最不可能的”
He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人。
表达“某人第几次做某事”
It was the first time he had been out with her alone.这是他第一次单独和她出去。
表达“几十多岁”in her thirties在她三十多岁时
年代表示法in the 1990’s 或 in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
数词的用法
15