2021年高考英语语法精炼 方位介词
一.选择题(共33小题)
1.A plane shot ________ the sky and then in a flash it was ________.( )
A.over;vanished B.through;disappeared
C.into;missed D.across;gone
2.What effect do you think technology will have _______ art in the future?( )
A.on B.to C.in D.at
3.One doesn't have to look far to realize the direct connection smoking and cancer.( )
A.of B.with C.to D.between
4.Don't fear hardship and failure.Remember:A kite rises ______ the wind rather than with it.( )
A.beyond B.towards C.against D.along
5.Although I soon convinced him___________ my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my sanity..( )
A.of B.about C.on D.in
6.﹣Does this Tshirt fit you well?
﹣Not so perfect, but a little tight ________ the shoulders.( )
A.at B.on C.to D.across
7.I have some trouble________ physics. I would be grateful ________you if you could give me some advice on it.( )
A.with;for B.in;to C.in;with D.with;to
8.Towards evening,the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.( )
A.adj. B.pron. C.v. D.prep.
9._____ to his surprise, the soup he likes is not ____ his taste at all this time.( )
A.Much, in B.Great, in C.Much, to D.Great, to
10.The Mekong River becomes rapids as it passes ______ deep valleys, travelling _______ western Yunnan Province.( )
A.across; through B.along; through
C.over; across D.through; across
11.The next train to arrive at Platform One will be the 10:58 Abellio Greater Anglia service to London Liverpool Street,calling ________ Ingatestone,Shenfield,Stratford and London Liverpool Street.( )
A.on B.off C.for D.at
12.I told you to keep the dog ______ the bed.I don't want dog hair all over the bedspread.( )
A.over B.along C.towards D.off
13.Body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate ___________ culture.( )
A.across B.over C.beneath D.through
14.Then Wang Ping flashed a switch _______ a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose _______ under the floor as if by magic.( )
A.on; off B.in; from C.on; from D.in; off
15.When I was pushed onto the stage,I felt all the eyes in the hall _________ me.( )
A.through B.across C.into D.on
16.﹣Excuse me.Is there a bus stop nearby?
﹣Yes.Walk that way.The bus stop is _____ the left,_____ the supermarket.( )
A.at,cross from B.on,across from
C.in,across to D.to,cross to
17.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃__________ the average.( )
A.below B.on C.at D.above
18.We have to go________ a forest and ___________ a river in order to get there.( )
A.through,across B.across,through
C.over,through D.across,over.
19.With a school built in the village,the children needn't climb the mountain for study.( )
A.at B.for C.over D.in
20.In some countries,friends kiss both cheeks when they say goodbye.( )
A.on B.in C.at D.of
21.There was an excited expression ______ his face when he heard the good news.( )
A.of B.on C.at D.over
22.Don't bother your father tonight he's got a lot ____ his mind.( )
A.on B.to C.in D.around
23.Every summer,many tourists come to this island _______________ the coast of France to cool themselves.( )
A.on B.along C.off D.at
24.The hunter shot at the birds ______ the big tree,only to shoot ______.( )
A.on; nothing B.on; neither
C.in; none D.in; no one
25.The Boston Marathon bombings killed 3 people,including a Chinese citizen _____Shenyang.( )
A.in B.from C.across D.to
26.Glancing _____ his shoulder,Eric could see the dog was running after him.( )
A.over B.across C.through D.onto
27.The capital will further limit the number of rush﹣hour subway passengers to cope with the growing pressure _______ the network.
A.to B.at C.on D.with
28.Those students with unrealistic goals often put themselves_____ more stress than others.( )
A.on B.off C.over D.under
29.New Zealand is a beautiful island that lies the eastern coast of Australia.( )
A.off B.along C.on D.from
30.She looked _____ her handbag,but her keys were not there.( )
A.for B.to C.at D.in
31.I'm sorry it's _____ my power to make a final decision on the project.( )
A.over B.above C.beneath D.beyond
32.Girls are said to be more diligent and attentive at school,who score well ______ average in most subjects.( )
A.over B.on C.of D.above
33.If you want your children to be independent,put some responsibilities ______ their shoulders.( )
A.by B.over C.on D.beyond
2021年高考英语语法精炼 方位介词
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共33小题)
1.A plane shot ________ the sky and then in a flash it was ________.( )
A.over;vanished B.through;disappeared
C.into;missed D.across;gone
【分析】一架飞机向天空射击,然后瞬间就消失了。
【解答】A.over在....上面;vanished消失;B.through通过;disappeared消失;C.into进入;missed消失;D.across横过;gone消失。整个天空,遍布,横跨天空,用介词across;through一般指通过立体空间;前三个词语意为消失,是不及物动词,前面不能有be动词,gone意为"消失"是形容词作表语。
故选:D。
2.What effect do you think technology will have _______ art in the future?( )
A.on B.to C.in D.at
【分析】你认为在未来技术将会对艺术产生什么样的影响?
【解答】答案:A.根据题意,你认为在未来技术将会对艺术产生什么样的影响?其中"have an effect on sth"可以翻译成"对……有影响"。故填介词on.故选:A。
3.One doesn't have to look far to realize the direct connection smoking and cancer.( )
A.of B.with C.to D.between
【分析】一个人不需要有什么远见就能明白吸烟和癌症之间的直接联系.
【解答】答案:D
题干中smoking and cancer表示两个事物;connection联系,通常与with/to连用,后接某个事物;句意表达的是两者之间的联系,
故选:D.
4.Don't fear hardship and failure.Remember:A kite rises ______ the wind rather than with it.( )
A.beyond B.towards C.against D.along
【分析】不要害怕困难和失败.记住:风筝是逆风升起的,而不是随风升起的.
【解答】本题考查介词词义辨析.A项意为"超过";B项意为"朝着";C项意为"逆着,反对";D项意为"沿着",根据句意和A kite rises 可知答案.
故选:C.
5.Although I soon convinced him___________ my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about my sanity..( )
A.of B.about C.on D.in
【分析】虽然我很快便让他相信我是清白的,但是我想他仍然非常怀疑我是否神志正常.
【解答】分析句子的结构可知,本句考查动词短语convince sb of sth的搭配使用,意为使某人相信某事,为一固定短语.
故选:A.
6.﹣Does this Tshirt fit you well?
﹣Not so perfect, but a little tight ________ the shoulders.( )
A.at B.on C.to D.across
【分析】﹣﹣这件T恤衫适合你吗?
﹣﹣不那么完美,但是肩膀有点紧.
【解答】D,考查介词,此处指"肩膀有点紧",此处使用across the shoulders"从肩膀的一边到另一边",at"在",on"在…上面",to朝着,across"穿过".
故选:D。
7.I have some trouble________ physics. I would be grateful ________you if you could give me some advice on it.( )
A.with;for B.in;to C.in;with D.with;to
【分析】我的物理有麻烦.如果你给我一些建议我将感激不尽.
【解答】答案:D.考查介词.句意:我的物理有麻烦.如果你给我一些建议我将感激不尽.have some trouble with 做……有麻烦;be grateful to 对……感激不尽.都是固定用法.
故选:D.
8.Towards evening,the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.( )
A.adj. B.pron. C.v. D.prep.
【分析】傍晚时分,船撞上了一块岩石,女孩跳进了海里.
【解答】答案:D.考查介词.句意:傍晚时分,船撞上了一块岩石,女孩跳进了海里.towards是介词"趋向,接近",所以答案选D.
故选:D.
9._____ to his surprise, the soup he likes is not ____ his taste at all this time.( )
A.Much, in B.Great, in C.Much, to D.Great, to
【分析】令他大吃一惊的是,他喜欢的汤一直不符合他的口味.
【解答】答案:C.考查介词.句意:令他大吃一惊的是,他喜欢的汤一直不符合他的口味.much to one's surprise意思"令某人大吃一惊的是";much 是指整件事的发生,是出乎他意料的、始料未及的.to one's taste意思"合某人的口味".
故选:C.
10.The Mekong River becomes rapids as it passes ______ deep valleys, travelling _______ western Yunnan Province.( )
A.across; through B.along; through
C.over; across D.through; across
【分析】湄公河流经云南西部的深谷时,变成了急流.
【解答】本题考查方位介词. across, through都有"穿过""通过"的意思,但用法不相同.across多指从一定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体的表面上或沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作,其含义常与介词on有关.through也可表示从某一范围的一端到另一端的动作,但它表示的动作是在空间里进行,其含义常与介词in有关.本题第一空为"穿过深谷", 动作在空间进行,用 through deep valleys, 第二空"穿过云南西部",动作在表面进行,用travel across Yunnan Province.
故选:D.
11.The next train to arrive at Platform One will be the 10:58 Abellio Greater Anglia service to London Liverpool Street,calling ________ Ingatestone,Shenfield,Stratford and London Liverpool Street.( )
A.on B.off C.for D.at
【分析】下一列到达1号月台的火车将会是10点58分从Abellio Greater Anglia到伦敦利物浦街的一列车,沿途会停靠英盖特斯通,Shenfield,斯特拉特福德和伦敦利物浦街等车站.
【解答】答案:D.
call on拜访(某人); 叫; 号召; 要求;call off转移(某人的注意力等); 取消; 点名; 把…叫走;call for去接(某人); 去取(某物); 需要; 要求;call at到…进行短暂访问; 停留;根据句中表达的意思"火车在…停留",判断使用call at停留,符合句意.故答案选D.
12.I told you to keep the dog ______ the bed.I don't want dog hair all over the bedspread.( )
A.over B.along C.towards D.off
【分析】我告诉过你不要让狗接近床(让狗远离床),我不想让狗毛落在床罩上(到处都是).
【解答】答案D.A项"(表示方向) 越过; (部份或全部覆盖) 在…上面; 由于; (表示论及) 关于";B项"沿着; 顺着; 靠着…边";C项"对于; 接近; 朝,向";D项"离开; 从…落下; 从…去掉";根据句中"I don't want dog hair all over the bedspread"可知,我不想让狗毛落在床罩上(到处都是),说明我不想让狗接近床即远离床,因此D项符合语境,故选D.
13.Body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate ___________ culture.( )
A.across B.over C.beneath D.through
【分析】当我们试图进行跨文化交流的时候,身势语尤为重要.
【解答】答案选A across 穿过,横穿,跨越;over 越过,在…之上; beneath 在…之下;through 通过,穿过;to communicate across culture译为跨文化交流,故选A.
14.Then Wang Ping flashed a switch _______ a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose _______ under the floor as if by magic.( )
A.on; off B.in; from C.on; from D.in; off
【分析】王平在电脑屏幕上按了一个键,一个桌子和一些椅子似乎像魔术一样从地下升了起来。
【解答】考查介词。句意:王平在电脑屏幕上按了一个键,一个桌子和一些椅子似乎像魔术一样从地下升了起来。flash a switch打开一个开关;此处可将under the floor在地板下看做名词短语,指"地板下的地方",from为"介词",from under从……的下面。根据题意可知,选C项。
故选:C。
15.When I was pushed onto the stage,I felt all the eyes in the hall _________ me.( )
A.through B.across C.into D.on
【分析】当我被推上舞台时,我感觉大厅内所有的眼睛都集中在我的身上.
【解答】答案:D.
through通过;across横穿,从表面通过;into进入;on在…之上.fix one's eyes on sb.全神贯注于某人身上.本句为when引导的一个时间状语从句;根据逻辑关系可知,当我被推上舞台,大家的眼光自然都集中到了我的身上,故选D.
16.﹣Excuse me.Is there a bus stop nearby?
﹣Yes.Walk that way.The bus stop is _____ the left,_____ the supermarket.( )
A.at,cross from B.on,across from
C.in,across to D.to,cross to
【分析】句意:打扰一下.请问这附近有汽车站吗?
是的,沿着那条路走,汽车站就在左边,超市的对面.
【解答】答案:B.
在问路用语中,表示在…的左边或右边通常用介词on,即on the left/right;在…的对面用be across from表示;而cross是动词,cross from译为"从…中穿过";故选B.
17.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃__________ the average.( )
A.below B.on C.at D.above
【分析】去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68度.
【解答】below the average在平均值之下,above the average在平均值之上,根据句意可知,去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年,on和at 与average的正确搭配为on average和at the average of。
故选:D。
18.We have to go________ a forest and ___________ a river in order to get there.( )
A.through,across B.across,through
C.over,through D.across,over.
【分析】为了到那里,我们不得不穿过一片森林并越过一条河。
【解答】根据句意和结构可知第一空用through和forest搭配,表示穿过内部;第二空用across和a river搭配,表示"穿过表面"。
故选:A。
19.With a school built in the village,the children needn't climb the mountain for study.( )
A.at B.for C.over D.in
【分析】村子里建了一个学校,孩子们不需要翻山越岭去上学了.
【解答】答案C.A项"在…地方";B项"为了";D项"在…里面";C项"翻过,越过";根据语境可知,由于学校被建在村子里,所以孩子们不用(像以前那样很艰辛地)翻山越岭去上学了,"over the mountain 翻山越岭",因此C项符合语境,故选C.
20.In some countries,friends kiss both cheeks when they say goodbye.( )
A.on B.in C.at D.of
【分析】在一些国家,朋友道别的时候,亲吻两边的面颊.
【解答】答案选A
on 在…上;in 在…里面;at 在…地方或用于点钟的前面;of…的,表示所属关系.这里是"在面颊上",用on both cheeks.故选A.
21.There was an excited expression ______ his face when he heard the good news.( )
A.of B.on C.at D.over
【分析】当他听到这个好消息的时候脸上有一种兴奋的表情.
【解答】答案选B
on在…(的表面)上.of…的,at在…地方,over在…上方,这里是"在他的脸上",用on his face.故选B.
22.Don't bother your father tonight he's got a lot ____ his mind.( )
A.on B.to C.in D.around
【分析】今晚不要去打扰你爸爸.他有很多心事.
【解答】答案选A
on one's mind"有心事",是固定的短语,in one's mind"在心里,在头脑中",故选A
23.Every summer,many tourists come to this island _______________ the coast of France to cool themselves.( )
A.on B.along C.off D.at
【分析】每年夏天,许多游客都来到离法国海岸不远的这座岛上纳凉.
【解答】答案选C
on在…的上面;along沿着…;off 离…(不远的地方):at在…一般用于点钟,地点的前面.本题"…the coast of France"作this island的后置定语,译为:离法国海岸不远的这座岛.故选C.
24.The hunter shot at the birds ______ the big tree,only to shoot ______.( )
A.on; nothing B.on; neither
C.in; none D.in; no one
【分析】这位猎人射击大树上的鸟,却一只也没有打中.
【解答】答案:C.
in the tree意为"在树上的东西本身不是树的一部分(如鸟、人)";on the tree意为"在树上的东西本身是树的一部分东西(如叶子、果实)";only to do sth为动词不定式作结果状语,指的是一种意料之外的结果;none是指三者以上群体中的一个都不;结合句子的逻辑关系可知,这位猎人打鸟但是一只也没有打中;故选C.
25.The Boston Marathon bombings killed 3 people,including a Chinese citizen _____Shenyang.( )
A.in B.from C.across D.to
【分析】波士顿马拉松爆炸案导致了三人死亡,包括一名来自沈阳的中国公民.
【解答】答案:B 本题考查介词的用法.in在里面;from来自;across穿过;to到,去(表示动作方向).题干表示的是来自什么地方,故选B.
26.Glancing _____ his shoulder,Eric could see the dog was running after him.( )
A.over B.across C.through D.onto
【分析】艾利克朝身后看了一下,看见一只狗正在追赶他.
【解答】答案:A 本题考查的介词搭配.glance over浏览,看,是一个常用的短语,在本题中表示是,扭过头来看,朝身后看的意思.across横跨;through从中间穿过;onto到什么上.故选A.
27.The capital will further limit the number of rush﹣hour subway passengers to cope with the growing pressure _______ the network.
A.to B.at C.on D.with
【分析】首都将在网络上进一步限制高峰地铁乘客的数量以缓解日渐增长的压力.
【解答】答案C.
A项"到;向;(表示时间、方向)朝…方向";B项"在(表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间);以(某种价格、速度等);向";D项"用;随着;支持;和…在一起";C项".向,朝…;关于;在…之上;在…时候";根据固定短语"on the network 在网络上,在网络中",根据句意"首都将在网络上进一步限制高峰地铁乘客的数量以缓解日渐增长的压力"可知,C项符合语境,故选C.
28.Those students with unrealistic goals often put themselves_____ more stress than others.( )
A.on B.off C.over D.under
【分析】那些怀着不切实际的目标的学生通常承受着其它学生更多的压力.
【解答】答案D.
A项"(表示方向)向; (表示对象)对; (表示位置)在…上; (表示时间)在…之时";B项"离开;脱落";C项"越过;在…之上;遍于…之上";D项"低于,少于;在…之下";固定短语"put sb in stress/pressure 把…处在压力下",根据句子的语境可知,D项符合语境,故选D.
29.New Zealand is a beautiful island that lies the eastern coast of Australia.( )
A.off B.along C.on D.from
【分析】新西兰是一个漂亮的岛国,它位于澳大利亚的东海岸不远.
【解答】答案:A.
考查方位介词的用法.lie off指有一段距离,隔海相望,符合新西兰和澳大利亚的地理位置关系.along 意为"沿着";on表示在…上;from意为"远离",强调距离远,只有A符合题意.
30.She looked _____ her handbag,but her keys were not there.( )
A.for B.to C.at D.in
【分析】她在自己的手提包里看了看,但是她的钥匙不在里面.
【解答】答案:D.
考查方位介词.根据句意可知是在手提包里找钥匙,所以用介词in.look for意为"寻找",后面跟要寻找的东西;look to 当心,照管;look at 看一看,不符合题意.
31.I'm sorry it's _____ my power to make a final decision on the project.( )
A.over B.above C.beneath D.beyond
【分析】很抱歉,对这个项目做最终决定超出了我的权力范围
【解答】答案:D"
over(表示方向) 越过; (部份或全部覆盖) 在…上面; 由于; (表示论及) 关于;above有"在…上面"的意思,beneath 意思是"在…下面". beyond表示超出程度、范围或能力等,为…所不及,题干中需要表达的是"超出了我的权力范围".其他选项不符句意.所以选择D.
故选:D。
32.Girls are said to be more diligent and attentive at school,who score well ______ average in most subjects.( )
A.over B.on C.of D.above
【分析】据说女孩子们在学校更勤奋,更细心,大多数科目平均成绩要高于平均分.
【解答】答案:D 题干中average平均,above average超过平均数;over在上方,on在上面,of表示所属关系,above除了表示上方之外,还有超过的意思.故选D.
33.If you want your children to be independent,put some responsibilities ______ their shoulders.( )
A.by B.over C.on D.beyond
【分析】如果你想让你的孩子独立,就让他们承担一些责任.
【解答】答案:C 表示方位时,by表示在旁边,over表示在上方,on表示在上面,beyond表示越过;put sth on sp把某物放在某个地方;句意表达的是肩负责任,故选C.
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