Unit 3 THE INTERNET
单元素养评估卷
第一部分 听力
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Alexa is a form of artificial intelligence, or AI for short. Many people start their mornings by asking Alexa for the weather forecast or the latest news. A device(设备)that houses Alexa can also play music from your favourite playlists, keep a shopping list, order takeout food, answer questions, send messages and even run “smart” home controls.
Training AI systems to respond to problems with human-like intelligence and learn from their mistakes can take months, or even years. Consider Alexa and similar software, such as Apple's Siri. To do the tasks its human owners ask, these systems must make sense of and then respond to sentences such as, “Alexa, play my Ed Sheeran playlist” or “Siri, what is the capital of India？”
Computers can't understand language as it is spoken by people. So AI researchers must find a way to help humans communicate with computers. The technology used to get computers to “understand” human speech or text is known as natural language processing. By natural language, computer scientists refer to the way people naturally talk or write. To teach an AI system a task like comprehending(理解)a sentence or responding to a person's last move in a board game, scientists need to feed it lots of examples.
AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion, Lee Sedol, at the strategy(策略)board game Go. To train AlphaGo, Google had to show it 30 million Go moves that people had made while playing the game. Then AlphaGo used what it learnt to analyse those plays as it played against different versions(版本)of itself. During this practice, the program came up with new moves—ones never seen in games between people.
1. What does the example of Alexa show
A.AI may replace humans one day.
B.AI is playing a role in our modern life.
C.AI has been widely used around the world.
D.AI has totally changed people's bad habits.
2. How do scientists train AI systems
A.By testing them thousands of times.
B.By teaching them almost everything.
C.By giving them quite a lot of tasks to do.
D.By providing them with large amounts of data.
3.What can we learn about AlphaGo
A.It has become very skillful and intelligent.
B.It is the most convenient AI system.
C.It avoids making any mistake.
D.It just follows human orders.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能在我们的现代生活中发挥的重要作用，同时还介绍了科学家对AI技术的研究和探索。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句A device that houses Alexa can also play music from your favourite playlists， keep a shopping list， order takeout food， answer questions， send messages and even run “smart”home controls.可知，Alexa的例子表明，人工智能在人们的现代生活中发挥重要的作用。故选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句To teach an AI system a task like comprehending a sentence or responding to a person's last move in a board game， scientists need to feed it lots of examples.可知，研究人员为了让AI学习任务，需要给它输入很多例子，让它理解相关的含义。也就是说科学家给AI提供了很多数据来训练它，故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion， Lee Sedol， at the strategy board game Go.和最后一句可知，AlphaGo在围棋棋艺上很出色，甚至击败了世界冠军李世石，还有了自己的下法。这说明它棋艺纯熟、特别聪明。故选A项。
B
As for old people, some of the applications are hard to use because they didn't grow up with them. They don't have simple models of how they should work, what to do when something doesn't work or where to go for help. We make it as easy as possible to be used for people who are not familiar with the technology.
I think there is huge potential and we are designing it. The ability to connect to friends, who remember the same movies, news and music, is really important, especially as people get old. They end up in retirement at home and they aren't always close to their friends. Allowing the network to help them connect with friends and family is a really powerful thing.
My mother is an enthusiastic user of the Internet, although it took me years to get her to use e-mail. She was born with normal hearing, but lost it when she was 3. She was totally deaf for many years, until age 53, when she got ear aids. They work really well. That is a big change for her. But before then, her friends couldn't call her on the phone, so they suggested she use e-mail to communicate with them.
Young people don't even think of the Internet as technology. It's just there, and they use it. There's been a very interesting change in communication styles between old people and young people. There are some kids who are now in their teens and aren't willing to make phone calls. And they think e-mail is old-fashioned and slow.
The reason why teens don't make phone calls seems to be that they don't know what to say. When they call, they often stop for a while and there's a silence. On the other hand, texting is considered proper, and it's okay if you don't answer. You might have been distracted. It's not rude. But it is strange if you're in this kind of conversation and simply stop talking.
4. What is the trouble that old people meet when surfing the Internet
A. They don't know how to use some applications.
B. They have to buy electronic productions at a high price.
C. There is no professional teacher to teach them how to use the Internet.
D. They have no friends to communicate with online.
5. What do the young people think of the Internet according to the passage
A. Interesting. B. Amazing. C. Boring. D. Common.
6. We can infer from the passage that the author is a ____.
A. company manager B. program designer
C. college professor D. mobile phone seller
7. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean
A. You have replied the message.
B. You have walked away from the conversation.
C. You have been cut off.
D. You have asked for a pardon.
◎语篇解读 文章主要阐述了对于老年人来说，一些新的科技太复杂而不能得到充分利用。作者对老年人和青少年对电话和网络等的使用进行了比较。
4．A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As for old people, some of the applications are hard to use because they didn't grow up with them．”可知，老年人上网时遇到的麻烦是他们不知道如何使用一些应用程序，故选A项。
5.. D 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Young people don't even think of the Internet as technology. It's just there, and they use it．”可推知，年轻人认为网络是常见的东西，故选D项。
6．B 推理判断题。文章首段提到电脑的一些应用程序对老年人来说很复杂，然后第二段中“I think there is huge potential and we are designing it.”可推断，作者是一名编程人员，故选B项。
7．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But it is strange if you're in this kind of conversation and simply stop talking．”可推知，画线部分“You might have been distracted．”的意思是“你可能注意力没有集中在谈话上”。故选B项。
C
Nowadays,more and more employers and employees work online either full-time or part-time,and that number is continuing growing.It’s believed that flying around the world for face-to-face company meetings is a waste of time and money.An effective choice to get rid of it is to use Web meetings.
A large of group presentations,training classes and meetings are done online without losing the face-to-face experience.Web meetings are online meetings where an organizer invites attendees to listen to or watch an online presentation by presenters.Besides,Web meetings can be recorded for later use.
Presenters can take real-time surveys to study how to hold a successful meeting.Some Web meeting software programs can monitor the users’ desktop behavior to see if they become distracted from the presentation and begin working on other documents.If so the program can tell presenters when the listeners lose their attention,and how long the distraction lasts.In this way,the presenters will know which parts of their meetings need improving.
Web meetings can work well because they’re hosted on a server (服务器).Images from the presenter’s desktop are taken,uploaded to a server and then downloaded by people who have access to the server.Web meetings require a powerful server to deal with several images a second and “serve” them back to thousands of users at the same time.
Companies have two choices when it comes to these servers.They can either buy a special Web meeting server to host their meetings on-site,or they can pay for a Web meeting service every time and let the off-site provider worry about hosting the meetings.The choice depends on how frequently the company holds Web meetings,the average number of people attending the meetings,and the quality of engineering and information technology.
Web meetings are an excellent example of how technology is changing the way we do business.With all the technologies today,the traditional office might soon be a thing of the past.
8.In what way do some Web meeting software programs help improve the meetings
A.By tracking the users’ state.
B.By giving useful suggestions.
C.By sharing detailed technical data.
D.By providing other presenters’ videos.
9.It’s better for a company to buy a Web meeting server if it .
A.relies little on the quality of IT
B.holds Web meetings twice a week
C.doesn’t have so many employees
D.has branches in the same city or province
10.What can we infer about Web meetings
A.Web meetings help presenters stay focused.
B.Web meetings work without the help of a server.
C.Web meetings determine the quality of engineering.
D.Web meetings are likely to be widely used.
11.The purpose of this passage is .
A.to advertise servers used in Web meetings
B.to persuade companies to hold Web meetings
C.to introduce the benefits of using Web meetings
D.to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Web meetings
本文是说明文。本文介绍了网络会议在商务办公方面的优点以及前景。
8 A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可以推断,网络会议软件程序是通过跟踪听会者的状态来知道网络会议的哪一部分需要改进。故选A项。
9 B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,公司可以选择购买一个特殊的网络会议服务器,也可以选择每次支付网络会议服务的费用,取决于公司举行网络会议的频率等。由此判断出如果公司每星期举行两次网络会议,使用网络会议频率比较高,那么购买一个网络会议服务器会比较划算。故选B项。
10 D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句和最后一段最后一句可以推断,网络会议会越来越广泛地应用。故选D项。
11 C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句和最后一段第一句可知,本文的目的是介绍使用网络会议的好处。故选C项。
D
Nothing succeeds like success,as every parent of a straight-A student knows,but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child “You’re so smart!” may be counterproductive.Why According to a 2017 study,children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重整旗鼓) from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.
In the study,researchers looked at 123 children.The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a “growth mindset”(believing that you can work harder to get smarter),or a “fixed mindset”(believing that your intelligence is unable to change).They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded.During the recording,researchers noted that brain activity stopped within a half-second after making a mistake,as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong.The larger the brain response was,the more the child focused on the mistake.Based on the data,they concluded that children with a “growth mindset” were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.While children with a “fixed mindset” were able to “bounce back”,only if they gave their full attention to the mistake.
For parents,the lessons are clear:Don’t pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If your children hands you an A+ score,don’t say,“You’re so smart!”Instead,say,“Wow,that studying really paid off!”or“You clearly mastered this material—way to go!”Note the effort,not the intelligence.
Besides,many parents shy away from addressing their children’s mistakes,telling them “It’s OK.You’ll get it the next time” without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong.Instead,it’s better to reassure your children that mistakes happen,and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.
12.Which of the following best explains“counterproductive” underlined in Paragraph 1
A.Opposite. B.Competitive.
C.Successful. D.Unknown.
13.How did the children with a “growth mindset” react in the study
A.They made fewer mistakes.
B.They tried to avoid mistakes.
C.They had a smaller brain response.
D.They focused more on the mistake.
14.What should be avoided according to the study
A.Overstressing the intelligence.
B.Paying children compliments.
C.Addressing children’s mistakes.
D.Offering chances to find mistakes.
15.What should parents say when children make a mistake according to the text
A.You are so careless.
B.Your studying paid off.
C.You’ll get it the next time.
D.Let’s find out how you made it.
本文是一篇说明文,主要讲了父母要留意孩子的努力而非智力,在孩子犯错后,父母要引导孩子正确地对待错误。
12 A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可知,根据2017年的一项研究,那些认为自己的智力是固定的孩子比那些认为智力是可以提高和改变的孩子更不可能将注意力集中于错误,并从错误中振作起来。再结合语境可推知,画线词与A项(相反的)含义相近。
13 D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句和倒数第二句可推知,具有“成长思维模式”的孩子更加关注其所犯的错误。
14 A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,应避免过度强调智力。
15 D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,当孩子犯错误时,父母应该与他们一起弄清错误的地方以及是如何犯错的。
第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Social Media
Social media can be defined as web-based and mobile media that are used for people to interact, connect and communicate with each other. It often involves the creation and sharing of content that people make by themselves, mostly through the Internet.
1 The first type involves people getting together to work on a project, for example, Wikipedia. Blogs and micro-blogs (such as Twitter) are another type of social media. There are other websites like YouTube that allow people to share content such as pictures, articles or videos. 2 This site allows people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities. Facebook is an example of this type. Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers. 3 The final type of social media is websites like Second Life, where people can create avatars (化身), use and create objects, as if they were in the real world.
Social media is different from traditional media. With social media, many individual people create content.
Another difference is that people who produce content in social media don't need very special skills. 4 It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post, for example. 5 But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.
A. World of Warcraft is a good example.
B. And social media content can be produced much faster.
C. In general, there are six different types of social media.
D. Another type of social media is the social networking site.
E. Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.
F. In traditional media, people need special skills to produce something.
G. Social media is one of the fastest growing industries in today's world.
1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____ 5.____
1．C 下文对几种社交媒体进行了详细的介绍，所以这里应该进行一个总的介绍，C项（一般而言，有六种不同的社交媒体。）符合语境，所以选C。
2.D 根据“This site allows people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities. Facebook is an example of this type．”可知这里的意思是“另外一种社交媒体是社交网站”，所以选D。
3.A 根据“Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers．”可知这里在谈论电脑游戏，A项（魔兽世界就是一个好例子。）符合语境，所以选A。
4.B 根据“It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post, for example．”可知这里指社交媒体的内容创作得更快，B项符合语境，所以选B。
5.E 根据“But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay．”可知这里在表达对社交媒体的看法，E项（有些人认为社交媒体是好的，有些人认为社交媒体是不好的。）符合语境，所以选E。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Owura Kwadwo Hottish gives computer lessons in the school he works in. It is a normal school except for the fact that the school didn't have computers.
Owura became famous after he posted photos of him on the Internet. In the pictures, people could see he was teaching his students by 1 an entire computer on the blackboard. The photos showed the poor level of education for children in Ghana. People were 2 that Owura made sure each button was drawn correctly.
Owura wanted the students to 3 what life with a computer could be like someday. He would come to school half an hour ahead of 4 every day. He drew the computer on the blackboard, but at the end of his class, it was 5 to start the next class, so he had to 6 it the next day!
Owura's efforts were 7 when Microsoft took 8 of his act. They first took him to an international educators' conference in Singapore. He made a 9 about his teaching methods at the meeting. He 10 a standing ovation (热烈鼓掌)after the speech.
11 , Owura got the thing he always wanted for his students—some companies gave computers to the school. Not a single child in the school had seen a real computer in their lives. Thanks to their teacher's 12 , the world took notice and responded to them with 13 .
“Your work has really made us feel 14 about the world. At Microsoft, we believe that educators are heroes. They 15 influence the lifelong skills of their students,” said Anthony Salcito, vice president of Microsoft.
1.A.operating B.drawing C.describing D.repairing
2.A.worried B.disappointed C.afraid D.amazed
3.A.start B.imagine C.rebuild D.inspire
4.A.line B.culture C.schedule D.judge
5.A.shown off B.called off C.cut off D.rubbed off
6.A.improve B.repeat C.confirm D.calculate
7.A.rewarded B.selected C.forgotten D.affected
8.A.care B.notice C.place D.charge
9.A.plan B.medal C.decision D.speech
10.A.received B.replaced C.decreased D.contained
11.A.Suddenly B.Hopelessly C.Importantly D.Strangely
12.A.efforts B.designs C.humors D.accounts
13.A.wisdom B.honesty C.kindness D.pride
14.A.secure B.confident C.helpless D.foolish
15.A.quickly B.briefly C.directly D.rarely
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Owura Kwadwo Hottish在加纳一所学校教电脑,但是学校里没有电脑,他只能在黑板上画电脑。他把他的照片发到网上,得到了微软公司的注意,许多公司给学校捐赠了电脑。
1.B 考查动词。根据上段最后一句中的“the fact that the school didn't have computers”可知,学校没有电脑,所以Owura只能通过在黑板上画电脑来教学生。operate操作;draw画;describe描述;repair修理。故选B。
2.D 考查形容词。根据空格后的“Owura made sure each button was drawn correctly”可知Owura确保把每一个按键都画得很准确,人们对此感到惊讶。worried担忧的;disappointed失望的;afraid害怕的;amazed大为惊奇。故选D。
3.B 考查动词。根据空格后的“what life with a computer could be like someday”可知,在没有电脑的情况下,Owura想让学生做的应该是“想象一下”将来有一天有电脑的生活是怎样的。start开始;imagine想象;rebuild重建;inspire激励,启发。故选B。
4.C 考查名词。根据“He would come to school half an hour ahead of...every day” 及下句中的“He drew the computer on the blackboard”可知,要想把电脑画在黑板上,他每天会提前半个小时到达学校。ahead of schedule提前。line线;culture文化;schedule工作计划;judge裁判。故选C。
5.D 考查动词短语。根据设空前后的“at the end of his class...to start the next class”可知,电脑课上完后,要开始上另一节课,所以为了上下一节课,画的电脑要被擦掉。show off炫耀;call off取消;cut off切断;rub off擦掉。故选D。
6.B 考查动词。根据设空前后的“so he had to...it the next day”并结合上文提到的为了上下一节课,画的电脑被擦掉可知,所以第二天他不得不重新画。improve改善,提高;repeat重做,重复;confirm确认;calculate计算。故选B。
7.A 考查动词。根据下文“They first took him to an international educators' conference in Singapore.”及“some companies gave computers to the school”可知,当微软公司注意到他的行为,Owura的努力得到了回报。reward回报;select挑选;forget忘记;affect影响。故选A。
8.B 考查名词。根据下文的“They first took him to an international educators' conference in Singapore.”可知,微软公司注意到他的行为并带他去参加国际教育工作者会议。take notice of注意到。故选B。
9.D 考查名词。根据下句中的speech可知,在会议上,Owura就他的教学方法做了一个演讲。plan计划;medal奖章;decision决定;speech演讲。故选D。
10.A 考查动词。根据空格后的“a standing ovation after the speech”可知,演讲结束,他收到了一次起立鼓掌。receive收到;replace代替,取代;decrease减少;contain包含,抑制。故选A。
11.C 考查副词。根据空格后的“Owura got the thing he always wanted for his students—some companies gave computers to the school”可知, Owura得到了他一直想给予学生的东西,这显然要比参加会议做演讲然后获得掌声更重要。suddenly突然;hopelessly无望地;importantly重要地;strangely奇怪地。故选C。
12.A 考查名词。根据空格前的“Thanks to their teacher's”并结合上文学生们得到电脑可知,这是老师努力的结果。effort努力;design设计;humor幽默;account叙述。故选A。
13.C 考查名词。根据空格前的“the world took notice and responded to them with”并结合上文一些公司给学校捐赠电脑可知,世界用“善良”来回应他们。wisdom智慧;honesty诚实;kindness善良;pride骄傲。故选C。
14.B 考查形容词。根据空格后的“we believe that educators are heroes. They 15 influence the lifelong skills of their students.”可知,微软公司认为教育工作者是英雄,会影响学生的终身技能,Owura的教育工作给了世界榜样,让微软公司对世界充满了信心。secure安全的;confident自信的;helpless无助的;foolish愚蠢的。故选B。
15.C 考查副词。教育工作者们是直接影响着学生的终身技能的。quickly迅速地;briefly简短地;directly直接地;rarely罕见地。故选C。
第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个词）或括号内单词的正确形式.
With the widespread of the Internet, our life is becoming more and more convenient. Moreover, some peopled lives 1________(change) by online communities and social networks.
Jan Tchamani was an English teacher in Birmingham, UK. 2________(unfortunate), she was out of work due to her sudden illness. Stuck at home, she felt lonely and 3________(bore). Thanks to the Internet, she joined an online community, where she 4________(get) support and advice by sharing her problems.
5________(inspire) by the people she met online, she started 6________ IT club to teach older people how to surf the Internet. Many people benefited from the club, of whom a man aged 59 learnt to apply for work online and found a great job. The club helped an old woman who was living alone set up a small online company successfully.
In spite of her achievements, she continues to learn more about how to use the Internet. She holds a strong 7________(believe) that everyone should have access to the Internet and that 8________ is highly important to bridge the digital divide.
“When you go 9________ tough times, you meet others who are facing similar challenges,” Jan says. “10________(think) about other people's situations inspired me to offer help.” Others' lives have been changed, and so has her life.
1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________
6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________
1.have been changed 此处强调网络普及带来的影响，且主语lives与动词change之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been changed。
2.Unfortunately 修饰整个句子应用副词，故填Unfortunately，意为“不幸的是”。
3.bored 设空处作系动词felt的表语，表示主语的状态，应用形容词。根据语境，此处是指人感到无聊的，应用bored。
4.got 此处是从句的谓语动词，与从句的主语是主动关系，且叙述的是过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时。故填got。
5.Inspired inspire在此应用非谓语形式作状语，与主语she之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填Inspired。
6.an club是可数名词，此处是泛指一个俱乐部，IT的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。
7.belief 此处作动词hold的宾语，应用名词形式。故填belief。
8.it it is important to do sth为固定句型，it为形式主语，意为“做某事很重要”。故填it。
9.through go through为固定搭配，意为“经历，经受”。
10.Thinking 此处在句中作主语应用动名词形式。故填Thinking。
第四部分：写作
第一节 应用文写作
某英文报举办以“The Internet Has Changed My Life”为题目的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛。内容包括：
●网络给学习带来的变化；
●网络给生活带来的改变：比如交流方式、购物方式、娱乐形式等。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
The Internet Has Changed My Life
The Internet is playing an important part in our lives.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
The Internet Has Changed My Life
The Internet is playing an important part in our lives. All kinds of information are available on the Internet and they are just a click away, so we can learn all we need on the Internet.
It seems to me that the Internet has completely changed my life. First of all, it has changed the way I contact people. With QQ, Microblog and Wechat, I can keep in touch with my family members and friends wherever I am. Secondly, it makes shopping easier, which enables me to do shopping at home. Thirdly, it makes my life more colorful. I can listen to music, watch movies and play games on the Internet. Besides，I can read various e-books on it .
In a word, the Internet has made a great difference to my life and I can hardly imagine life without the Internet.
第二节
短文改错（此题供全国甲乙卷地区使用）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Wednesday our class organized a environmental activity whose theme were "Join Together to Build a Civilized City" in a community. The students divided into three groups. We Group One went from door to door recycling the using things. The second group had cleared up the posters and advertisements on the walls as good as the rubbish on the ground. The last group handed out the magazine of the environmental protection and we also invited the residents to take part. The local praised us with our practice and gave us much appreciation, it made us all feel happy.
参考答案;
1．第一句：a→an考查不定冠词。此处environmental以元音音素开头，前面应该用an，故把a改为an。
2．第一句：were→was考查主谓一致。在whose引导的定语从句中，theme是主语，是单数形式，谓语动词也应用单数形式，故把were改为was。
3．第二句：divided前加were考查语态和主谓一致。句子主语students和divide之间是被动关系，结合句意可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是复数形式，故在divided前面加上were。
4．第三句：using→used 考查过去分词。此处use和things之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故把using改为used。
5．第四句：去掉had 考查时态。句意：第二组清除了墙上的海报和广告以及地上的垃圾。全文叙述的是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，故去掉had。
6．第四句：good→well 考查固定短语。as well as也，还，为固定短语，故把good改为well。
7．第五句：magazine→magazines 考查名词复数。句意：最后一组分发了环保杂志……。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故把magazine改为magazines。
8．第五句：we→they 考查人称代词。句意：……他们也邀请了居民参加。故把we改为they。
9．第六句：with→for 考查固定搭配。句意：当地人称赞我们的做法，给了我们很多赞赏，这让我们都感到很高兴。固定搭配：praise sb．for…因……而称赞某人，故把with改为for。
10．第六句：it→which 考查定语从句。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，故把it改为which。
概要写作 （此题供浙江地区使用）
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
According to most people,after a long period of studying or working,we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves.However,that may not be the case.According to a recent report,you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource,which is why you feel the need to have a rest,have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better.They argue that the only way it restores willpower is by rest,food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory,saying weak willpower is all in your head.They have found that people’s belief in willpower determines how long and how well they’ll be able to work on tough mental exercise.“If you think of willpower as something that is not really used up,you can go on and on,”said Professor Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ belief in willpower.After a tiring task,those who believed,or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource,performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.They also found that leading up to the final exam week,students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting the temptation.
Mr.Job said,“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting.Belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings can help people who are battling against temptation.Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically-based process as much as we used to think.The belief in it is what influences your behaviors.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Based on a recent report, having a rest to refresh yourself is not so essential as some people think.(要点1)Willpower, considered to be a limited resource by some scientists, were thought to be only regained by rest, food as well as entertainment.(要点2)However, this theory has been challenged. Researchers, including Veronika Job, conducted experiments and made some new discoveries.(要点3)If you believe that willpower is limitless, you will be more powerful, which is a potential help to resist temptation.(要点4)
读后续写（此题供新高考地区使用）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When Bryan Anderson noticed an old lady,caught on the side of the road,he knew she needed help.So he pulled up in front of her Mercedes and got out with his motor still running.
Even with a big smile on his face,she was worried.He didn’t look safe;he looked poor and hungry.After reading her mind,he introduced himself as Bryan Anderson and began to help her.
Learning that she had a flat tire,without a second thought,Bryan set out to work and took hours to get it right,dirty and tired.She couldn’t thank him enough for coming to her aid.
With everything done,the lady asked how much she owed him.Any amount would have been all right with her.She already imagined all the awful things that could have happened.Bryan never thought about being paid.This was helping someone in need.He had lived his whole life that way,and it never occurred to him to act any other way.
Bryan told her that if she really wanted to pay him back,the next time she saw someone who needed help,she could give that person help the way he gave her,and he added,“And think of me to let the chain of love pass on.”
Hearing that she owed him nothing,with tears rolling down her cheeks,the old lady drove off with a deep “Thank you”.
A few miles down the road the lady saw a small cafe.She went in to grab a bite to eat,and take the chill off before she made the last leg of her trip home.In the dirty-looking restaurant,the whole scene was unfamiliar to her;a waitress came over and brought a clean towel to wipe her wet hair.She had a sweet smile,one that even being on her feet for the whole day couldn’t erase.The lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant,but she never let the strain and aches change her attitude.Then she remembered Bryan.
Paragraph 1:
After the lady finished her meal,she paid with a $100 bill.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
That night when she got home from work,she was thinking about the money and what the lady had written.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
After the lady finished her meal, she paid with a $100 bill. The waitress quickly went to get change for her $ 100 bill, but the old lady had driven off. She was gone by the time the waitress came back. The waitress wondered where the lady could be. Then she noticed something written on a napkin. There were tears in her eyes when she read what the lady wrote:“You don’t owe me anything. I have been there too. Somebody once helped me out the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do:do not let this chain of love end with you.”Under the napkin were four more $100 bills.
Paragraph 2:
That night when she got home from work, she was thinking about the money and what the lady had written. She was wondering how the lady knew how much she and her husband were in need. With the baby to be born next month, it was going to be hard. She knew how worried her husband Bryan Anderson was, but now everything is going to be all right.Unit 3 THE INTERNET
单元素养评估卷
第一部分 听力
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Alexa is a form of artificial intelligence, or AI for short. Many people start their mornings by asking Alexa for the weather forecast or the latest news. A device(设备)that houses Alexa can also play music from your favourite playlists, keep a shopping list, order takeout food, answer questions, send messages and even run “smart” home controls.
Training AI systems to respond to problems with human-like intelligence and learn from their mistakes can take months, or even years. Consider Alexa and similar software, such as Apple's Siri. To do the tasks its human owners ask, these systems must make sense of and then respond to sentences such as, “Alexa, play my Ed Sheeran playlist” or “Siri, what is the capital of India？”
Computers can't understand language as it is spoken by people. So AI researchers must find a way to help humans communicate with computers. The technology used to get computers to “understand” human speech or text is known as natural language processing. By natural language, computer scientists refer to the way people naturally talk or write. To teach an AI system a task like comprehending(理解)a sentence or responding to a person's last move in a board game, scientists need to feed it lots of examples.
AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion, Lee Sedol, at the strategy(策略)board game Go. To train AlphaGo, Google had to show it 30 million Go moves that people had made while playing the game. Then AlphaGo used what it learnt to analyse those plays as it played against different versions(版本)of itself. During this practice, the program came up with new moves—ones never seen in games between people.
1. What does the example of Alexa show
A.AI may replace humans one day.
B.AI is playing a role in our modern life.
C.AI has been widely used around the world.
D.AI has totally changed people's bad habits.
2. How do scientists train AI systems
A.By testing them thousands of times.
B.By teaching them almost everything.
C.By giving them quite a lot of tasks to do.
D.By providing them with large amounts of data.
3.What can we learn about AlphaGo
A.It has become very skillful and intelligent.
B.It is the most convenient AI system.
C.It avoids making any mistake.
D.It just follows human orders.
B
As for old people, some of the applications are hard to use because they didn't grow up with them. They don't have simple models of how they should work, what to do when something doesn't work or where to go for help. We make it as easy as possible to be used for people who are not familiar with the technology.
I think there is huge potential and we are designing it. The ability to connect to friends, who remember the same movies, news and music, is really important, especially as people get old. They end up in retirement at home and they aren't always close to their friends. Allowing the network to help them connect with friends and family is a really powerful thing.
My mother is an enthusiastic user of the Internet, although it took me years to get her to use e-mail. She was born with normal hearing, but lost it when she was 3. She was totally deaf for many years, until age 53, when she got ear aids. They work really well. That is a big change for her. But before then, her friends couldn't call her on the phone, so they suggested she use e-mail to communicate with them.
Young people don't even think of the Internet as technology. It's just there, and they use it. There's been a very interesting change in communication styles between old people and young people. There are some kids who are now in their teens and aren't willing to make phone calls. And they think e-mail is old-fashioned and slow.
The reason why teens don't make phone calls seems to be that they don't know what to say. When they call, they often stop for a while and there's a silence. On the other hand, texting is considered proper, and it's okay if you don't answer. You might have been distracted. It's not rude. But it is strange if you're in this kind of conversation and simply stop talking.
4. What is the trouble that old people meet when surfing the Internet
A. They don't know how to use some applications.
B. They have to buy electronic productions at a high price.
C. There is no professional teacher to teach them how to use the Internet.
D. They have no friends to communicate with online.
5. What do the young people think of the Internet according to the passage
A. Interesting. B. Amazing. C. Boring. D. Common.
6. We can infer from the passage that the author is a ____.
A. company manager B. program designer
C. college professor D. mobile phone seller
7. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean
A. You have replied the message.
B. You have walked away from the conversation.
C. You have been cut off.
D. You have asked for a pardon.
C
Nowadays,more and more employers and employees work online either full-time or part-time,and that number is continuing growing.It’s believed that flying around the world for face-to-face company meetings is a waste of time and money.An effective choice to get rid of it is to use Web meetings.
A large of group presentations,training classes and meetings are done online without losing the face-to-face experience.Web meetings are online meetings where an organizer invites attendees to listen to or watch an online presentation by presenters.Besides,Web meetings can be recorded for later use.
Presenters can take real-time surveys to study how to hold a successful meeting.Some Web meeting software programs can monitor the users’ desktop behavior to see if they become distracted from the presentation and begin working on other documents.If so the program can tell presenters when the listeners lose their attention,and how long the distraction lasts.In this way,the presenters will know which parts of their meetings need improving.
Web meetings can work well because they’re hosted on a server (服务器).Images from the presenter’s desktop are taken,uploaded to a server and then downloaded by people who have access to the server.Web meetings require a powerful server to deal with several images a second and “serve” them back to thousands of users at the same time.
Companies have two choices when it comes to these servers.They can either buy a special Web meeting server to host their meetings on-site,or they can pay for a Web meeting service every time and let the off-site provider worry about hosting the meetings.The choice depends on how frequently the company holds Web meetings,the average number of people attending the meetings,and the quality of engineering and information technology.
Web meetings are an excellent example of how technology is changing the way we do business.With all the technologies today,the traditional office might soon be a thing of the past.
8.In what way do some Web meeting software programs help improve the meetings
A.By tracking the users’ state.
B.By giving useful suggestions.
C.By sharing detailed technical data.
D.By providing other presenters’ videos.
9.It’s better for a company to buy a Web meeting server if it .
A.relies little on the quality of IT
B.holds Web meetings twice a week
C.doesn’t have so many employees
D.has branches in the same city or province
10.What can we infer about Web meetings
A.Web meetings help presenters stay focused.
B.Web meetings work without the help of a server.
C.Web meetings determine the quality of engineering.
D.Web meetings are likely to be widely used.
11.The purpose of this passage is .
A.to advertise servers used in Web meetings
B.to persuade companies to hold Web meetings
C.to introduce the benefits of using Web meetings
D.to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Web meetings
D
Nothing succeeds like success,as every parent of a straight-A student knows,but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child “You’re so smart!” may be counterproductive.Why According to a 2017 study,children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重整旗鼓) from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.
In the study,researchers looked at 123 children.The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a “growth mindset”(believing that you can work harder to get smarter),or a “fixed mindset”(believing that your intelligence is unable to change).They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded.During the recording,researchers noted that brain activity stopped within a half-second after making a mistake,as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong.The larger the brain response was,the more the child focused on the mistake.Based on the data,they concluded that children with a “growth mindset” were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake.While children with a “fixed mindset” were able to “bounce back”,only if they gave their full attention to the mistake.
For parents,the lessons are clear:Don’t pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If your children hands you an A+ score,don’t say,“You’re so smart!”Instead,say,“Wow,that studying really paid off!”or“You clearly mastered this material—way to go!”Note the effort,not the intelligence.
Besides,many parents shy away from addressing their children’s mistakes,telling them “It’s OK.You’ll get it the next time” without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong.Instead,it’s better to reassure your children that mistakes happen,and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.
12.Which of the following best explains“counterproductive” underlined in Paragraph 1
A.Opposite. B.Competitive.
C.Successful. D.Unknown.
13.How did the children with a “growth mindset” react in the study
A.They made fewer mistakes.
B.They tried to avoid mistakes.
C.They had a smaller brain response.
D.They focused more on the mistake.
14.What should be avoided according to the study
A.Overstressing the intelligence.
B.Paying children compliments.
C.Addressing children’s mistakes.
D.Offering chances to find mistakes.
15.What should parents say when children make a mistake according to the text
A.You are so careless.
B.Your studying paid off.
C.You’ll get it the next time.
D.Let’s find out how you made it.
第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Social Media
Social media can be defined as web-based and mobile media that are used for people to interact, connect and communicate with each other. It often involves the creation and sharing of content that people make by themselves, mostly through the Internet.
1 The first type involves people getting together to work on a project, for example, Wikipedia. Blogs and micro-blogs (such as Twitter) are another type of social media. There are other websites like YouTube that allow people to share content such as pictures, articles or videos. 2 This site allows people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities. Facebook is an example of this type. Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers. 3 The final type of social media is websites like Second Life, where people can create avatars (化身), use and create objects, as if they were in the real world.
Social media is different from traditional media. With social media, many individual people create content.
Another difference is that people who produce content in social media don't need very special skills. 4 It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post, for example. 5 But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.
A. World of Warcraft is a good example.
B. And social media content can be produced much faster.
C. In general, there are six different types of social media.
D. Another type of social media is the social networking site.
E. Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.
F. In traditional media, people need special skills to produce something.
G. Social media is one of the fastest growing industries in today's world.
1.____ 2.____ 3.____ 4.____ 5.____
第三部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Owura Kwadwo Hottish gives computer lessons in the school he works in. It is a normal school except for the fact that the school didn't have computers.
Owura became famous after he posted photos of him on the Internet. In the pictures, people could see he was teaching his students by 1 an entire computer on the blackboard. The photos showed the poor level of education for children in Ghana. People were 2 that Owura made sure each button was drawn correctly.
Owura wanted the students to 3 what life with a computer could be like someday. He would come to school half an hour ahead of 4 every day. He drew the computer on the blackboard, but at the end of his class, it was 5 to start the next class, so he had to 6 it the next day!
Owura's efforts were 7 when Microsoft took 8 of his act. They first took him to an international educators' conference in Singapore. He made a 9 about his teaching methods at the meeting. He 10 a standing ovation (热烈鼓掌)after the speech.
11 , Owura got the thing he always wanted for his students—some companies gave computers to the school. Not a single child in the school had seen a real computer in their lives. Thanks to their teacher's 12 , the world took notice and responded to them with 13 .
“Your work has really made us feel 14 about the world. At Microsoft, we believe that educators are heroes. They 15 influence the lifelong skills of their students,” said Anthony Salcito, vice president of Microsoft.
1.A.operating B.drawing C.describing D.repairing
2.A.worried B.disappointed C.afraid D.amazed
3.A.start B.imagine C.rebuild D.inspire
4.A.line B.culture C.schedule D.judge
5.A.shown off B.called off C.cut off D.rubbed off
6.A.improve B.repeat C.confirm D.calculate
7.A.rewarded B.selected C.forgotten D.affected
8.A.care B.notice C.place D.charge
9.A.plan B.medal C.decision D.speech
10.A.received B.replaced C.decreased D.contained
11.A.Suddenly B.Hopelessly C.Importantly D.Strangely
12.A.efforts B.designs C.humors D.accounts
13.A.wisdom B.honesty C.kindness D.pride
14.A.secure B.confident C.helpless D.foolish
15.A.quickly B.briefly C.directly D.rarely
第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个词）或括号内单词的正确形式.
With the widespread of the Internet, our life is becoming more and more convenient. Moreover, some peopled lives 1________(change) by online communities and social networks.
Jan Tchamani was an English teacher in Birmingham, UK. 2________(unfortunate), she was out of work due to her sudden illness. Stuck at home, she felt lonely and 3________(bore). Thanks to the Internet, she joined an online community, where she 4________(get) support and advice by sharing her problems.
5________(inspire) by the people she met online, she started 6________ IT club to teach older people how to surf the Internet. Many people benefited from the club, of whom a man aged 59 learnt to apply for work online and found a great job. The club helped an old woman who was living alone set up a small online company successfully.
In spite of her achievements, she continues to learn more about how to use the Internet. She holds a strong 7________(believe) that everyone should have access to the Internet and that 8________ is highly important to bridge the digital divide.
“When you go 9________ tough times, you meet others who are facing similar challenges,” Jan says. “10________(think) about other people's situations inspired me to offer help.” Others' lives have been changed, and so has her life.
1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________
6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________
第四部分：写作
第一节 应用文写作
某英文报举办以“The Internet Has Changed My Life”为题目的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛。内容包括：
●网络给学习带来的变化；
●网络给生活带来的改变：比如交流方式、购物方式、娱乐形式等。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
The Internet Has Changed My Life
The Internet is playing an important part in our lives.
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第二节
短文改错（此题供全国甲乙卷地区使用）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Wednesday our class organized a environmental activity whose theme were "Join Together to Build a Civilized City" in a community. The students divided into three groups. We Group One went from door to door recycling the using things. The second group had cleared up the posters and advertisements on the walls as good as the rubbish on the ground. The last group handed out the magazine of the environmental protection and we also invited the residents to take part. The local praised us with our practice and gave us much appreciation, it made us all feel happy.
概要写作 （此题供浙江地区使用）
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
According to most people,after a long period of studying or working,we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves.However,that may not be the case.According to a recent report,you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource,which is why you feel the need to have a rest,have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better.They argue that the only way it restores willpower is by rest,food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory,saying weak willpower is all in your head.They have found that people’s belief in willpower determines how long and how well they’ll be able to work on tough mental exercise.“If you think of willpower as something that is not really used up,you can go on and on,”said Professor Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ belief in willpower.After a tiring task,those who believed,or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource,performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.They also found that leading up to the final exam week,students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting the temptation.
Mr.Job said,“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting.Belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings can help people who are battling against temptation.Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically-based process as much as we used to think.The belief in it is what influences your behaviors.
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读后续写（此题供新高考地区使用）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When Bryan Anderson noticed an old lady,caught on the side of the road,he knew she needed help.So he pulled up in front of her Mercedes and got out with his motor still running.
Even with a big smile on his face,she was worried.He didn’t look safe;he looked poor and hungry.After reading her mind,he introduced himself as Bryan Anderson and began to help her.
Learning that she had a flat tire,without a second thought,Bryan set out to work and took hours to get it right,dirty and tired.She couldn’t thank him enough for coming to her aid.
With everything done,the lady asked how much she owed him.Any amount would have been all right with her.She already imagined all the awful things that could have happened.Bryan never thought about being paid.This was helping someone in need.He had lived his whole life that way,and it never occurred to him to act any other way.
Bryan told her that if she really wanted to pay him back,the next time she saw someone who needed help,she could give that person help the way he gave her,and he added,“And think of me to let the chain of love pass on.”
Hearing that she owed him nothing,with tears rolling down her cheeks,the old lady drove off with a deep “Thank you”.
A few miles down the road the lady saw a small cafe.She went in to grab a bite to eat,and take the chill off before she made the last leg of her trip home.In the dirty-looking restaurant,the whole scene was unfamiliar to her;a waitress came over and brought a clean towel to wipe her wet hair.She had a sweet smile,one that even being on her feet for the whole day couldn’t erase.The lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant,but she never let the strain and aches change her attitude.Then she remembered Bryan.
Paragraph 1:
After the lady finished her meal,she paid with a $100 bill.
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Paragraph 2:
That night when she got home from work,she was thinking about the money and what the lady had written.
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