2022届高考英语二轮复习：被动语态学案
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高考英语
7. 被动语态
2021-7-26路晓
1．英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
汉语中常用“被”.“给”.“由”.“受”等词用来表示动,而英语用:助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者--- They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者--- A new bridge over the river. (by them)(被动)
二．构成：助动词+及物动词过去分词----- be+Ved
My aunt invited me to her party. → I (by my aunt ) to her party.
主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态be +Ved,时态与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为by的宾语,by可省略。
三．被动语态的使用
一般时 进行时 完成时
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done
被动语态的时态,人称和数的变化主要在be上,以give为例----give-gave-given
He gives me a book-----He gave me a book----A book was given to me
1.一般现在时： am /is /are +given
2.一般过去时： was /were +given
3.一般将来时： shall /will +be+given
4. 时： should/would +be+given
5.现在进行时： am/ is/are + being +given ----is doing+be ved
6.过去进行时： was/were + being +given
7. 时： have/has + been +given ---have done+be ved
8.过去完成时： had +been +given
9. 时： shall /will + have been +given
10.过去将来完成时： should/would+have been +given
［注］被动语态没有11.将来进行时和12.过去将来进行时。
四．被动语态常用的八种时态
1. 一般现在时： In our daily life, many accidents are caused by careless driving..
2. 一般过去时： The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
3. 一般将来时： More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
4. 过去将来时： The manager said the project would be completed by 2020.
5. 现在进行时： Effective measures are being taken by the local government to reduce the smog.
6. 过去进行时： Trees were being planted here this time last year.
7. 现在完成时： The price must have been brought down.
8. 过去完成时： His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month.
9. 情态动词被动： Your compositions must be handed in after class
A.The baby should ________ (take)good care of by the baby-sitter.
B.To my delight，I (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
C. We are to put off the meeting till Friday.--The meeting ________ (put off ) till Friday.
2016-1语法填空15分
1.The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. Office-officer-official-officially
2.So it was a great honor to be invited at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get close to these animals.
3. I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
4. A study ____(conduct) by a company names Yangshuo as a great destination. 2015-1
5.we ____(allow) by them to enter the room. 谓语----be+Ved 定语 Ved by
They are required 63 (process) the food. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. 2017-1语法填空15分
五．语态转换时要注意的问题
1.时态一致,谓语的数要与新主语一致。
We have bought a new computer. A new computer . (正) A computer have been bought. (误)
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
1.I (give) a present on my birthday. 2.A present to me yesterday.
如把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，在间接宾语(指人)前加介词
注：1).一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词to,------give sb sth-------give sth to sb
如bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell ---sth to sb等。
---- My bike was lent to her.
2).一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for, ----buy sb sth-----------buy sth for sb
如build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do, fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等---- sth for sb
----- Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. )
3). 有些不用by也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配。
People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.
It is known to us that=as is known to us, is known as身份 is known for才能
3.动词+介词/副词构成的短语动词,看作整体,介词/副词不可拆开。
不及物动词+介词: ask for, laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, operate on等。
The patient is being operated on. It needn't to be talked about.
及物动词+副词：carry out, find out, give up, point out, put off,work out, turn down,turn out等。
His request was turned down. work out计算 制定 解决 锻炼
4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词变被动语态,主动中的宾语变主语,宾补保留。
如：She told us to follow her instructions. We to follow her instructions.
注意：三使役let,have,make,五感官see,watch,observe,notice,look at, hear, listen to, smell等后,
跟省略to的to do,被动语态中to还原 see sb do/doing/done
We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard (play) the guitar.
◆We saw him sitting there without doing anything.＝He was seen （sit) there without doing anything.
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
The boy ____________ (catch, smoke)a cigarette.
注意：带复合宾语的句子,变被动时,将宾语变为主语,不要把宾补名词作主语。
如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples.--- Call sb sth
误：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples
六．主动表示被动
1.有些动词既是及物又是不及物: write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等,2.当和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，3.表主语内在品质特征，4.句子短小精悍,主动表被动。
The cloth washes easily. 布 The new product sells well. 畅销
The pen writes smoothly. 流畅 The meat didn’t cook well. 容易做
对比： The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句)
The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)
2. 感官系动词: feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain等无被动。
The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious.
After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
The flowers look beautiful. What he said sounds reasonable. The roses smell sweet.
3. 谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等无被动。
She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned.
4. 发生/属于类:take place,break out,happen,occur,belong to,own,consist of,succeed,remain,rise,lie in无被动The fire broke out in the building. 误：The fire was broke out in the building.
5. 开始.结束.运动:begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run等无被动。
* The shop opens at 6． School starts at 8 in winter. Slavery ended in 1865 when Lincoln won the Civil War.
6. 不及物动词作谓语: 性质,特征无被动.
1：The door blew open. 2：The road measures 50 feet across. 3： The water weighs 1,000 kg.
7. need,want,require,deserve,worth+动名词,主动表被动=不定式被动 doing=to be done
*My bike needs repairing.== My bike needs to be repaired.
*The book is worth reading= The book is worthy to be .
The flower needs/ wants/ requires watering. The music is worth listening to.\
8. 不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子主语/宾语构成逻辑动宾关系,无被动.
1.The sentence is easy to understand. 2.She found the problem hard to deal with.
2.2020-2 They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
3.2019-1 Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the 1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform)
4.It is easy for sb to do -----difficult, comfortable, pleasant, heavy, dangerous, safe等.
9.句型I have sth. to do主语是动作的执行者时不定式常用主动表被动： 1.She had a room to live in.
10. be to blame应受批评/责备,主动表被动。 blame sb for sth
The boy is to blame for what he has done．The drugs are out the children’s reach.
“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。
under control受控制, under treatment在治疗中, under repair, under discussion, under construction。
The building is _________ _________( is being constructed).
Our school is under construction. Whether to vote for him is under discussion.
The apples are on sale. His surprise is beyond description.
11. 汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,一般用被动：
据说……It is said that …据报道…It is reported that … 众所周知…It is well known that …
人们希望… It is hoped that …人们建议……It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
1．过去分词：被动语态（动词，强调动作），可用by+人；系表结构（形容词），强调状态
The gate of the garden was locked by the girl. The gate of the garden was locked.
2．时态：系表结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时态，被动语态有多种时态。
The composition is well written. The composition is being written.
3．系表中的过去分词可以被very ,too ,so 等修饰，被动语态中须用 much 修饰
He was very excited by the news. He was much excited by the news.
4． be+不及物动词的过去分词-----系表结构---Her money is all gone.
5．表充满be +过去分词+with 表系表结构---The mountain is covered with snow all the year round.
6．remain /feel /lie /stand /become / grow +过去分词表系表结构--The matter remained unsettled.
习题
1. If the work ________,you can go and play games.
A. finished C. will be finished D. is finished
2. It was raining heavily outside, the children were made ____(stay) in the classroom.
3. Kate _______ (write)the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.
A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw
5. I like my bike. It ________(ride) very well.
6.—I won’t come to the party unless Tom ______(invite), too.
—You mean if Tom comes ,you’ll come.
7. Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story __________ it.
A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at
8. The children must _______.A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be taken good care of
9. The man doesn’t know what _______(happen) in his hometown
10. — Why not ride your bike —Because my bike ___________(mend).
A. is mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mending
11.The notice ______(read) “No smoking”. A. is told B. reads C. is read
12.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures ______(take).
13.The dog ____ mad. A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked
14.The apple tasted ____. A. sweets n.糖 B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
15.A study ____(conduct) by a company names Y as a great destination.
16.I ____(allow) by them to enter the room. 谓语----被+Ved 定语 Ved by
17. (give)such a good opportunity made me a little surprised.
18.I’m going to the attend meeting (hold)in the teachers’ office.
19.It’s a great honour (invite) to attend the party.
单句语法填空--难度 详见答案
1．If Bob (offer) a job, is he willing to go to the remote town
2．It will be the first project (design) by Chinese engineers.
3．Rose’s smart phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never (find) again.
4．Before you enter the Eiffel Tower, your bags (examine) by a security officer.
5．It is a great honor for me (choose) as a volunteer for the Olympic Games.
6．The decision (make) at tomorrow’s meeting will have a great effect on farmers.
7．The hospital has recently got new medical equipment, allowing more patients (treat)．
8．Victoria went to the bookstore on Sunday morning, only (tell) that it was being decorated.
9．(2018天津)My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
10．New art forms (introduce) at the end of the Qing dynasty. As a result, people lost interest in paper-cutting.
11．Most airports (build) far away from downtown, so it often takes passengers quite a long time to arrive.
12．(2018北京)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for 2 days.
单句改错
1．When I was trapped in the mountain, I really had no choice but to wait to be rescuing.
2．When we approached the work site, the workers were seen build the new house.
3．Though he was treating unfairly, Collin kept working hard in the company without any complaint.
4．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people persuaded to eat healthily.
5．I was made play a bad role in the film, so I refused.
6．The flowers are so dry and they need to be watering right away
7．When I went back to my birthplace, a high speed railway was built there.
8．Other tests have been shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.
单句语法填空
1．In China, the practice of presenting the best food first to the senior members of the family (observe) for generations.
2．The decision (make) at tomorrow’s meeting will affect a lot of people.
3．Your pencil case is nowhere (find), and I will buy a new one for you this weekend.
4．The best and most beautiful thing in the world cannot (see) or even touched for it must (feel)．
5．The kids (allow) to go swimming in the river, which made them very happy.
6．As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics (hold) in Beijing and towns in the neighboring Hebei.
7．Up to now, a large number of new houses (build) in what used to be a wasteland.
8．His book is said (translate) into more than 30 languages since it (publish) in the 1940s.
9．The fire is reported (cause) by a cigarette end, which was thrown by one tourist.
10．It is a great honor for me (ask) to speak at the meeting on behalf of the whole class.
阅读理解
Wearable sensors(传感器) could one day interpret the gestures in sign language and translate them into English, providing a high tech solution to communication problems between deaf people and those who don’t understand sign language.
Engineers at Texas A&M University are developing a wearable device that can sense movement and muscle activity in a person’s arms. The device works by figuring out the gestures a person is making by using two sets of sensors: one that responds to the motion of the wrist and the other to the muscular movements in the arm. A program then wirelessly receives this information and changes the data into the English translation. “Most of the technology was based on vision based or camera based solutions，” said study lead researcher Roozbeh Jafari, an associate professor of biomedical engineering at Texas A&M University.
These existing designs, Jafari said, are not enough, because often when someone is talking with sign language, he or she is using hand gestures combined with specific finger movements. “I thought maybe we should look into combining motion sensors and muscle activation，” Jafari told Live Science. “And the idea here was to build a wearable device.”
The researchers have built a system that can recognize words that people use most commonly in their daily conversations. Jafari said that once the team starts expanding the program, the engineers will include more words that are less frequently used, in order to build up a more substantial vocabulary.
One drawback of it is that the system has to be “trained” to respond to each individual that wears the device, Jafari said. This training process involves asking the user to repeat or do each hand gesture a couple of times, which can take up to 30 minutes to complete.
1．How does the new device work
A．By figuring out gestures from fingers.
B．By connecting the wrist and the fingers.
C．By linking the arm and the fingers.
D．By collecting information from the wrist and the arm.
2．The researchers eventually decided on a wearable device to ________．
A．make it easier to monitor the gestures when people are talking
B．make the translation process faster
C．compete with existing designs
D．make it user friendly
3．We can replace the underlined word in Paragraph 4 by “________”．
A．Necessary B．Influential C．Extensive D．essential
4．What can we infer from the text
A．The device has greatly increased in sales.
B．The device still requires much improvement.
C．We should work out of 30 minutes.
D．We should be trained to respond quickly.
完形填空
I came from my home in Italy by overnight train to Vienna to start the second part of my year abroad as an English language assistant. I went to sleep in Italy and __1__ in Austria, to a snow covered countryside that looked like something out of a tour guide. Although this __2__ scene made me excited, I soon __3__ that adjusting to the Austrian world was going to be __4__．
The first thing was the __5__. I had to switch from talking and thinking in Italian to German __6__. I found myself stumbling over(结结巴巴地说) words and really struggling to __7__ when people spoke to me, especially in Austrian German which not only sounds different from the German I learned at school but also uses different words! So I’ve had lots of __8__ moments in the supermarket and felt rather embarrassed when I used the __9__ word.
There are also lots of other __10__ things. One big difference is the __11__. Italy is famous for its varied pasta(意大利面食) dishes and delicious pizzas! But in Austria the __12__ food seems to be meat. It also seems that there isn’t time for a __13__， relaxed lunch. In Italy I had an hour’s lunch break from my office job, but when I’m __14__ in the schools in Vienna there are just 10 or 15 minutes between lessons, which is only __15__ for a quick sandwich.
I don’t think these are __16__ things, but it will just take time to get used to them. However, there are some things I have immediately __17__， like the very efficient public transport—it’s __18__ to get around and it’s always on time! I also __19__ the coffee house culture here where you can go to a café and just sit for hours, chatting and __20__ with friends and a cake or two. In fact, I really love the country and I think I will enjoy my stay here.
1．A.stayed up B．dressed up
C．warmed up D．woke up
2．A.familiar B．touching
C．beautiful D．funny
3．A.realized B．guessed
C．admitted D．remembered
4．A.hard B．boring
C．meaningful D．interesting
5．A.habit B．language
C．attitude D．custom
6．A.patiently B．finally
C．secretly D．immediately
7．A.think B．understand
C．learn D．explain
8．A.brief B．anxious
C．awkward D．terrifying
9．A.key B．wrong
C．foreign D．hurtful
10．A.different B．basic
C．wonderful D．silly
11．A.restaurant B．bill
C．menu D．food
12．A.delicious B．main
C．cheap D．fast
13．A.late B．light
C．long D．hot
14．A.struggling B．studying
C．sitting D．working
15．A.proper B．enough
C．convenient D．ready
16．A.bad B．small
C．risky D．important
17．A.gotten tired of B．gotten close to
C．gotten used to D．gotten interested in
18．A.safe B．necessary
C．easy D．possible
19．A.feel B．share
C．keep D．enjoy
20．A.relaxing B．dreaming
C．comparing D．competing
A
语法填空
Robots have been used throughout history as entertainment and industrial gain. With each generation of robots, new ideas and technologies 1._______ (develop) in order to allow the robots to have 2.______(good) function. Early robots were very simple and 3._______(actual) often used water to operate, 4._______ with the invention of the computer, robots entered a new era for both industry and the public.
5．_____ idea of robots began as far back as the eighth century, in the Iliad.伊里亚特. Hephaestus荷马史诗, the Greek god of fire, was said 6._______(have) something active and made from gold. However, the first true account of robots came from the golden tree of Baghdad. 7._______(keep) in a palace during the ninth and tenth centuries, it featured birds singing on branches while they flapped their wings. Early water clocks were also examples of early robots.
During the twelfth century, a royal inventor named Al Jazari created the first robot. He created a robotic band, 8._______ would float on a lake and perform different rhythms depending on the programming of a series of pegs. Most of his 9.______(invent) used water to make movements, but he also employed mechanisms to make his devices operate 10._____ a fixed speed.
1．are developed 2．better 3．actually 4．but
5．The 解析：考查冠词。idea作“构思；主意”讲时为可数名词，且其后由of短语修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the。6．to have 7．Kept 8．which 9．Inventions 10．at 解析：考查介词。at...speed以……的速度，为固定用法，故填at。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态
1. 一般现在时:
(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.
Rice is grown in the south of the country.
2. 一般过去时:
(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
3. 一般将来时:
(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.
Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
4. 过去将来时:
(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.
5. 现在进行时:
(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.
English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.
6. 过去进行时:
(1)The workers were mending the road.
The road was being mended.
7. 现在完成时:
(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.
8. 过去完成时:
(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.
(四) 含有情态动词的被动语态:
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)You must hand in your compositions after class.
Your compositions must be handed in after class.
(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(2) The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
注意:1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如:
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book was showed to the class.
(2) My bike was lent to her.
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如:
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。
(1) A new skirt was made for me.
(2) The meat was cooked for us.
(3) Some country music was played for us.
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有:
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词:如:bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如:
(1) We always keep the classroom clean.
→The classroom is always kept clean.
(2) She told us to follow her instructions.
→We were told to follow her instructions.
注意:在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar.
→He is often heard to play the guitar.
5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如:
Nobody can answer this question.
误:The question can be answered by nobody.
正:The question can not be answered by anybody.
6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如:
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
误:Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正:Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首:
Who wrote the story
误:Who was the story written
正:By whom was the story written
8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有:write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如:
(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
The books sell well. (主动句)
The books were sold out. (被动句)
The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句)
The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)
9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如:feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如:
He entered the room and got his book.
误:The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
误:Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如:take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如:
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误:The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如:rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误:The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误:After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如:
Itaught myself English.
误:Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误:Each other is loved.
10. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如:
据说…… It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that …
据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望…… It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
有人建议…… It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
初中被动语态练习题
1. ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
() 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
() 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
() 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
() 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
2
() 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
() 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
() 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
() 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
() 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
() 6 His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published
3
() 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
() 2 These papers___yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written
() 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
4
() 1 -My shoes are worn out.
A. Can't they be mended B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost D. Can't they mended
() 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are
() 3 ___ these desks be needed
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
5
() 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
() 2 Who was the book___
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
() 3 Where ___ these boxes made
A. was B. were C. is D. am
6
() 1 The flowers ___ often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
() 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
() 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mend
7
() 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt
() 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown
() 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week
.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
8
() 1 Now these magazines__ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
() 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water
.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
() 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
() 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
() 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather
.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
9
() 1 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
() 2 The teapot ___ water
.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
() 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
() 4 Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well
10
() 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care
() 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
() 3 These walls ___ stone.
A. are made of B. made of. C. are made into D. made into
11
() 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
() 2 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
() 3 The coat___her sister.
A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to
12
() 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
() 2 Good care____such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of
() 3 She will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
13
() 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
() 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. made to clean D. was made clean
() 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
14
() 1 These stones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
() 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
() 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was'had B. was held C. held D. had
15
() 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
() 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
() 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
() 4 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
16
() 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
() 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing
() 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close
17
() 1 Can he___ himself
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
() 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
() 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn
18
() 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting
() 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
() 3 What you said ___. like a good idea.
A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
19
() 1 -What do you think of the TV play -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
() 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
() 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read
参考答案:
1. 1-5 B D D D C 2. 1-6 B C B B C A 3. 1-3 A B B 4. 1-3 A B A 5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A 8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D
10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C 17. 1-3 B C D
18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B
不规则动词变化表
Grow-grew-grown
Know-knew-known
Break-broke-broken
Bring-brought-brought
Buy-bought-bought
Think-thought-thought
Sell-sold-sold
Agree with sb-disagree with sb协商
agree on:达成一致 disagreement分歧
Reach/come to an agreement达成协议
Have an effect/impact/
Influence on有影响
Take effect生效
Side effect 副作用
Affect影响 v
Effective 高效的
Hand 递给
Hand in/out/down
To my delight/surprise
Disappoint？/satisfaction
Amazement
Apply for/to/application
Express oneself
Give expression to
EMS
Express mail service
Take action
/step/measures to do
Offer sb sth
Offer to do
Offer n.录取通知
工作邀请
Fix my attention on集中
Fix my bike修理
Fix a handle 安装 固定 解决
order sb to do
in order to
time order
In good order
Out of order
order a cake
place an order
Reserve-order高考-预定
Look for/into/out/up/up to/
down upon/forward to
Turn on/off/up/down
Turn to sb /Turn out
Instruct sb to do
Instructor
Follow her instructions
Observe 观察 遵守
take place计划发生
break out战争火的突然爆发,
What happened 发生
Happen to sb发生
Happen to do碰巧
It happens that碰巧
It occurs to sb that突然想起
Be worth doing
be worthwhile
Be worthy of sth
Be worthy to do
2、worthy作定语,有价值的,值得尊敬的,应受到赏识的”。
作表语“值得…的,应得到…的,其后接of sth.，也可接to do sth。作后置定语时，须用worthy of +名词
3、worthy of后接被动的动名词；worth后接主动的动名词，虽形式主动但意义被动。
4、 worthwhile与worthy一样，既可作表语又可作定语。表某事因重要、有趣而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做，,值得的,值得做的,有意义的”。用作表语时，可接动名词/动词不定式。
1、Responses from both students and teachers reflected that this course approach won their high acceptability, and was worthy of use . . .
2、He said the cartoon samples I had sent him were good and worthy of publication.
4、Don't always look on the dark side. There must be something worthwhile to make up for all this.
7. 被动语态
2021-7-26路晓
1．英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
汉语中常用“被”.“给”.“由”.“受”等词用来表示动,而英语用:助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者--- They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者--- A new bridge over the river. (by them)(被动)
二．构成：助动词+及物动词过去分词----- be+Ved
My aunt invited me to her party. → I (by my aunt ) to her party.
主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态be +Ved,时态与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为by的宾语,by可省略。
三．被动语态的使用
一般时 进行时 完成时
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done
被动语态的时态,人称和数的变化主要在be上,以give为例----give-gave-given
He gives me a book-----He gave me a book----A book was given to me
1.一般现在时： am /is /are +given
2.一般过去时： was /were +given
3.一般将来时： shall /will +be+given
4. 时： should/would +be+given
5.现在进行时： am/ is/are + being +given ----is doing+be ved
6.过去进行时： was/were + being +given
7. 时： have/has + been +given ---have done+be ved
8.过去完成时： had +been +given
9. 时： shall /will + have been +given
10.过去将来完成时： should/would+have been +given
［注］被动语态没有11.将来进行时和12.过去将来进行时。
四．被动语态常用的八种时态
1. 一般现在时： In our daily life, many accidents are caused by careless driving..
2. 一般过去时： The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
3. 一般将来时： More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
4. 过去将来时： The manager said the project would be completed by 2020.
5. 现在进行时： Effective measures are being taken by the local government to reduce the smog.
6. 过去进行时： Trees were being planted here this time last year.
7. 现在完成时： The price must have been brought down.
8. 过去完成时： His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month.
9. 情态动词被动： Your compositions must be handed in after class
A.The baby should ________ (take)good care of by the baby-sitter.
B.To my delight，I (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
C. We are to put off the meeting till Friday.--The meeting ________ (put off ) till Friday.
2016-1语法填空15分
1.The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. Office-officer-official-officially
2.So it was a great honor to be invited at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get close to these animals.
3. I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
4. A study ____(conduct) by a company names Yangshuo as a great destination. 2015-1
5.we ____(allow) by them to enter the room. 谓语----be+Ved 定语 Ved by
They are required 63 (process) the food. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. 2017-1语法填空15分
五．语态转换时要注意的问题
1.时态一致,谓语的数要与新主语一致。
We have bought a new computer. A new computer . (正) A computer have been bought. (误)
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
1.I (give) a present on my birthday. 2.A present to me yesterday.
如把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，在间接宾语(指人)前加介词
注：1).一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词to,------give sb sth-------give sth to sb
如bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell ---sth to sb等。
---- My bike was lent to her.
2).一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for, ----buy sb sth-----------buy sth for sb
如build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do, fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等---- sth for sb
----- Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. )
3). 有些不用by也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配。
People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.
It is known to us that=as is known to us, is known as身份 is known for才能
3.动词+介词/副词构成的短语动词,看作整体,介词/副词不可拆开。
不及物动词+介词: ask for, laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, operate on等。
The patient is being operated on. It needn't to be talked about.
及物动词+副词：carry out, find out, give up, point out, put off,work out, turn down,turn out等。
His request was turned down. work out计算 制定 解决 锻炼
4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词变被动语态,主动中的宾语变主语,宾补保留。
如：She told us to follow her instructions. We to follow her instructions.
注意：三使役let,have,make,五感官see,watch,observe,notice,look at, hear, listen to, smell等后,
跟省略to的to do,被动语态中to还原 see sb do/doing/done
We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard (play) the guitar.
◆We saw him sitting there without doing anything.＝He was seen （sit) there without doing anything.
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
The boy ____________ (catch, smoke)a cigarette.
注意：带复合宾语的句子,变被动时,将宾语变为主语,不要把宾补名词作主语。
如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples.--- Call sb sth
误：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples
六．主动表示被动
1.有些动词既是及物又是不及物: write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等,2.当和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，3.表主语内在品质特征，4.句子短小精悍,主动表被动。
The cloth washes easily. 布 The new product sells well. 畅销
The pen writes smoothly. 流畅 The meat didn’t cook well. 容易做
对比： The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句)
The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)
2. 感官系动词: feel, look, seem, taste, sound, remain等无被动。
The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious.
After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
The flowers look beautiful. What he said sounds reasonable. The roses smell sweet.
3. 谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等无被动。
She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned.
4. 发生/属于类:take place,break out,happen,occur,belong to,own,consist of,succeed,remain,rise,lie in无被动The fire broke out in the building. 误：The fire was broke out in the building.
5. 开始.结束.运动:begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run等无被动。
* The shop opens at 6． School starts at 8 in winter. Slavery ended in 1865 when Lincoln won the Civil War.
6. 不及物动词作谓语: 性质,特征无被动.
1：The door blew open. 2：The road measures 50 feet across. 3： The water weighs 1,000 kg.
7. need,want,require,deserve,worth+动名词,主动表被动=不定式被动 doing=to be done
*My bike needs repairing.== My bike needs to be repaired.
*The book is worth reading= The book is worthy to be .
The flower needs/ wants/ requires watering. The music is worth listening to.\
8. 不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子主语/宾语构成逻辑动宾关系,无被动.
1.The sentence is easy to understand. 2.She found the problem hard to deal with.
2.2020-2 They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
3.2019-1 Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the 1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform)
4.It is easy for sb to do -----difficult, comfortable, pleasant, heavy, dangerous, safe等.
9.句型I have sth. to do主语是动作的执行者时不定式常用主动表被动： 1.She had a room to live in.
10. be to blame应受批评/责备,主动表被动。 blame sb for sth
The boy is to blame for what he has done．The drugs are out the children’s reach.
“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。
under control受控制, under treatment在治疗中, under repair, under discussion, under construction。
The building is _________ _________( is being constructed).
Our school is under construction. Whether to vote for him is under discussion.
The apples are on sale. His surprise is beyond description.
11. 汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,一般用被动：
据说……It is said that …据报道…It is reported that … 众所周知…It is well known that …
人们希望… It is hoped that …人们建议……It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
1．过去分词：被动语态（动词，强调动作），可用by+人；系表结构（形容词），强调状态
The gate of the garden was locked by the girl. The gate of the garden was locked.
2．时态：系表结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时态，被动语态有多种时态。
The composition is well written. The composition is being written.
3．系表中的过去分词可以被very ,too ,so 等修饰，被动语态中须用 much 修饰
He was very excited by the news. He was much excited by the news.
4． be+不及物动词的过去分词-----系表结构---Her money is all gone.
5．表充满be +过去分词+with 表系表结构---The mountain is covered with snow all the year round.
6．remain /feel /lie /stand /become / grow +过去分词表系表结构--The matter remained unsettled.
习题
1. If the work ________,you can go and play games.
A. finished C. will be finished D. is finished
2. It was raining heavily outside, the children were made ____(stay) in the classroom.
3. Kate _______ (write)the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.
4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.
A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw
5. I like my bike. It ________(ride) very well.
6.—I won’t come to the party unless Tom ______(invite), too.
—You mean if Tom comes ,you’ll come.
7. Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story __________ it.
A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at
8. The children must _______.A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be taken good care of
9. The man doesn’t know what _______(happen) in his hometown
10. — Why not ride your bike —Because my bike ___________(mend).
A. is mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mending
11.The notice ______(read) “No smoking”. A. is told B. reads C. is read
12.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures ______(take).
13.The dog ____ mad. A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked
14.The apple tasted ____. A. sweets n.糖 B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
15.A study ____(conduct) by a company names Y as a great destination.
16.I ____(allow) by them to enter the room. 谓语----被+Ved 定语 Ved by
17. (give)such a good opportunity made me a little surprised.
18.I’m going to the attend meeting (hold)in the teachers’ office.
19.It’s a great honour (invite) to attend the party.
单句语法填空--难度 详见答案
1．If Bob (offer) a job, is he willing to go to the remote town
2．It will be the first project (design) by Chinese engineers.
3．Rose’s smart phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never (find) again.
4．Before you enter the Eiffel Tower, your bags (examine) by a security officer.
5．It is a great honor for me (choose) as a volunteer for the Olympic Games.
6．The decision (make) at tomorrow’s meeting will have a great effect on farmers.
7．The hospital has recently got new medical equipment, allowing more patients (treat)．
8．Victoria went to the bookstore on Sunday morning, only (tell) that it was being decorated.
9．(2018天津)My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
10．New art forms (introduce) at the end of the Qing dynasty. As a result, people lost interest in paper-cutting.
11．Most airports (build) far away from downtown, so it often takes passengers quite a long time to arrive.
12．(2018北京)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for 2 days.
单句改错
1．When I was trapped in the mountain, I really had no choice but to wait to be rescuing.
2．When we approached the work site, the workers were seen build the new house.
3．Though he was treating unfairly, Collin kept working hard in the company without any complaint.
4．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people persuaded to eat healthily.
5．I was made play a bad role in the film, so I refused.
6．The flowers are so dry and they need to be watering right away
7．When I went back to my birthplace, a high speed railway was built there.
8．Other tests have been shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.
单句语法填空
1．In China, the practice of presenting the best food first to the senior members of the family (observe) for generations.
2．The decision (make) at tomorrow’s meeting will affect a lot of people.
3．Your pencil case is nowhere (find), and I will buy a new one for you this weekend.
4．The best and most beautiful thing in the world cannot (see) or even touched for it must (feel)．
5．The kids (allow) to go swimming in the river, which made them very happy.
6．As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics (hold) in Beijing and towns in the neighboring Hebei.
7．Up to now, a large number of new houses (build) in what used to be a wasteland.
8．His book is said (translate) into more than 30 languages since it (publish) in the 1940s.
9．The fire is reported (cause) by a cigarette end, which was thrown by one tourist.
10．It is a great honor for me (ask) to speak at the meeting on behalf of the whole class.
阅读理解
Wearable sensors(传感器) could one day interpret the gestures in sign language and translate them into English, providing a high tech solution to communication problems between deaf people and those who don’t understand sign language.
Engineers at Texas A&M University are developing a wearable device that can sense movement and muscle activity in a person’s arms. The device works by figuring out the gestures a person is making by using two sets of sensors: one that responds to the motion of the wrist and the other to the muscular movements in the arm. A program then wirelessly receives this information and changes the data into the English translation. “Most of the technology was based on vision based or camera based solutions，” said study lead researcher Roozbeh Jafari, an associate professor of biomedical engineering at Texas A&M University.
These existing designs, Jafari said, are not enough, because often when someone is talking with sign language, he or she is using hand gestures combined with specific finger movements. “I thought maybe we should look into combining motion sensors and muscle activation，” Jafari told Live Science. “And the idea here was to build a wearable device.”
The researchers have built a system that can recognize words that people use most commonly in their daily conversations. Jafari said that once the team starts expanding the program, the engineers will include more words that are less frequently used, in order to build up a more substantial vocabulary.
One drawback of it is that the system has to be “trained” to respond to each individual that wears the device, Jafari said. This training process involves asking the user to repeat or do each hand gesture a couple of times, which can take up to 30 minutes to complete.
1．How does the new device work
A．By figuring out gestures from fingers.
B．By connecting the wrist and the fingers.
C．By linking the arm and the fingers.
D．By collecting information from the wrist and the arm.
2．The researchers eventually decided on a wearable device to ________．
A．make it easier to monitor the gestures when people are talking
B．make the translation process faster
C．compete with existing designs
D．make it user friendly
3．We can replace the underlined word in Paragraph 4 by “________”．
A．Necessary B．Influential C．Extensive D．essential
4．What can we infer from the text
A．The device has greatly increased in sales.
B．The device still requires much improvement.
C．We should work out of 30 minutes.
D．We should be trained to respond quickly.
完形填空
I came from my home in Italy by overnight train to Vienna to start the second part of my year abroad as an English language assistant. I went to sleep in Italy and __1__ in Austria, to a snow covered countryside that looked like something out of a tour guide. Although this __2__ scene made me excited, I soon __3__ that adjusting to the Austrian world was going to be __4__．
The first thing was the __5__. I had to switch from talking and thinking in Italian to German __6__. I found myself stumbling over(结结巴巴地说) words and really struggling to __7__ when people spoke to me, especially in Austrian German which not only sounds different from the German I learned at school but also uses different words! So I’ve had lots of __8__ moments in the supermarket and felt rather embarrassed when I used the __9__ word.
There are also lots of other __10__ things. One big difference is the __11__. Italy is famous for its varied pasta(意大利面食) dishes and delicious pizzas! But in Austria the __12__ food seems to be meat. It also seems that there isn’t time for a __13__， relaxed lunch. In Italy I had an hour’s lunch break from my office job, but when I’m __14__ in the schools in Vienna there are just 10 or 15 minutes between lessons, which is only __15__ for a quick sandwich.
I don’t think these are __16__ things, but it will just take time to get used to them. However, there are some things I have immediately __17__， like the very efficient public transport—it’s __18__ to get around and it’s always on time! I also __19__ the coffee house culture here where you can go to a café and just sit for hours, chatting and __20__ with friends and a cake or two. In fact, I really love the country and I think I will enjoy my stay here.
1．A.stayed up B．dressed up
C．warmed up D．woke up
2．A.familiar B．touching
C．beautiful D．funny
3．A.realized B．guessed
C．admitted D．remembered
4．A.hard B．boring
C．meaningful D．interesting
5．A.habit B．language
C．attitude D．custom
6．A.patiently B．finally
C．secretly D．immediately
7．A.think B．understand
C．learn D．explain
8．A.brief B．anxious
C．awkward D．terrifying
9．A.key B．wrong
C．foreign D．hurtful
10．A.different B．basic
C．wonderful D．silly
11．A.restaurant B．bill
C．menu D．food
12．A.delicious B．main
C．cheap D．fast
13．A.late B．light
C．long D．hot
14．A.struggling B．studying
C．sitting D．working
15．A.proper B．enough
C．convenient D．ready
16．A.bad B．small
C．risky D．important
17．A.gotten tired of B．gotten close to
C．gotten used to D．gotten interested in
18．A.safe B．necessary
C．easy D．possible
19．A.feel B．share
C．keep D．enjoy
20．A.relaxing B．dreaming
C．comparing D．competing
A
语法填空
Robots have been used throughout history as entertainment and industrial gain. With each generation of robots, new ideas and technologies 1._______ (develop) in order to allow the robots to have 2.______(good) function. Early robots were very simple and 3._______(actual) often used water to operate, 4._______ with the invention of the computer, robots entered a new era for both industry and the public.
5．_____ idea of robots began as far back as the eighth century, in the Iliad.伊里亚特. Hephaestus荷马史诗, the Greek god of fire, was said 6._______(have) something active and made from gold. However, the first true account of robots came from the golden tree of Baghdad. 7._______(keep) in a palace during the ninth and tenth centuries, it featured birds singing on branches while they flapped their wings. Early water clocks were also examples of early robots.
During the twelfth century, a royal inventor named Al Jazari created the first robot. He created a robotic band, 8._______ would float on a lake and perform different rhythms depending on the programming of a series of pegs. Most of his 9.______(invent) used water to make movements, but he also employed mechanisms to make his devices operate 10._____ a fixed speed.
1．are developed 2．better 3．actually 4．but
5．The 解析：考查冠词。idea作“构思；主意”讲时为可数名词，且其后由of短语修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the。6．to have 7．Kept 8．which 9．Inventions 10．at 解析：考查介词。at...speed以……的速度，为固定用法，故填at。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态
1. 一般现在时:
(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.
Rice is grown in the south of the country.
2. 一般过去时:
(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
3. 一般将来时:
(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.
Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
4. 过去将来时:
(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.
5. 现在进行时:
(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.
English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.
6. 过去进行时:
(1)The workers were mending the road.
The road was being mended.
7. 现在完成时:
(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.
8. 过去完成时:
(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.
(四) 含有情态动词的被动语态:
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)You must hand in your compositions after class.
Your compositions must be handed in after class.
(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(2) The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
注意:1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如:
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book was showed to the class.
(2) My bike was lent to her.
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如:
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。
(1) A new skirt was made for me.
(2) The meat was cooked for us.
(3) Some country music was played for us.
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有:
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词:如:bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如:
(1) We always keep the classroom clean.
→The classroom is always kept clean.
(2) She told us to follow her instructions.
→We were told to follow her instructions.
注意:在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar.
→He is often heard to play the guitar.
5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如:
Nobody can answer this question.
误:The question can be answered by nobody.
正:The question can not be answered by anybody.
6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如:
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
误:Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正:Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首:
Who wrote the story
误:Who was the story written
正:By whom was the story written
8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有:write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如:
(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
The books sell well. (主动句)
The books were sold out. (被动句)
The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句)
The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)
9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如:feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如:
He entered the room and got his book.
误:The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
误:Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如:take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如:
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误:The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如:rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误:The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误:After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如:
Itaught myself English.
误:Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误:Each other is loved.
10. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如:
据说…… It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that …
据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望…… It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
有人建议…… It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
初中被动语态练习题
1. ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
() 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
() 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
() 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
() 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
2
() 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
() 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
() 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
() 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
() 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
() 6 His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published
3
() 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
() 2 These papers___yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written
() 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
4
() 1 -My shoes are worn out.
A. Can't they be mended B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost D. Can't they mended
() 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are
() 3 ___ these desks be needed
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
5
() 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
() 2 Who was the book___
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
() 3 Where ___ these boxes made
A. was B. were C. is D. am
6
() 1 The flowers ___ often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
() 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
() 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mend
7
() 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt
() 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown
() 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week
.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
8
() 1 Now these magazines__ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
() 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water
.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
() 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
() 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
() 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather
.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
9
() 1 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
() 2 The teapot ___ water
.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
() 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
() 4 Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well
10
() 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care
() 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
() 3 These walls ___ stone.
A. are made of B. made of. C. are made into D. made into
11
() 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
() 2 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
() 3 The coat___her sister.
A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to
12
() 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
() 2 Good care____such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of
() 3 She will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
13
() 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
() 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. made to clean D. was made clean
() 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
14
() 1 These stones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
() 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
() 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was'had B. was held C. held D. had
15
() 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
() 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
() 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
() 4 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
16
() 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
() 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing
() 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close
17
() 1 Can he___ himself
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
() 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
() 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn
18
() 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting
() 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
() 3 What you said ___. like a good idea.
A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
19
() 1 -What do you think of the TV play -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
() 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
() 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read
参考答案:
1. 1-5 B D D D C 2. 1-6 B C B B C A 3. 1-3 A B B 4. 1-3 A B A 5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A 8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D
10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C 17. 1-3 B C D
18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B
不规则动词变化表
Grow-grew-grown
Know-knew-known
Break-broke-broken
Bring-brought-brought
Buy-bought-bought
Think-thought-thought
Sell-sold-sold
Agree with sb-disagree with sb协商
agree on:达成一致 disagreement分歧
Reach/come to an agreement达成协议
Have an effect/impact/
Influence on有影响
Take effect生效
Side effect 副作用
Affect影响 v
Effective 高效的
Hand 递给
Hand in/out/down
To my delight/surprise
Disappoint？/satisfaction
Amazement
Apply for/to/application
Express oneself
Give expression to
EMS
Express mail service
Take action
/step/measures to do
Offer sb sth
Offer to do
Offer n.录取通知
工作邀请
Fix my attention on集中
Fix my bike修理
Fix a handle 安装 固定 解决
order sb to do
in order to
time order
In good order
Out of order
order a cake
place an order
Reserve-order高考-预定
Look for/into/out/up/up to/
down upon/forward to
Turn on/off/up/down
Turn to sb /Turn out
Instruct sb to do
Instructor
Follow her instructions
Observe 观察 遵守
take place计划发生
break out战争火的突然爆发,
What happened 发生
Happen to sb发生
Happen to do碰巧
It happens that碰巧
It occurs to sb that突然想起
Be worth doing
be worthwhile
Be worthy of sth
Be worthy to do
2、worthy作定语,有价值的,值得尊敬的,应受到赏识的”。
作表语“值得…的,应得到…的,其后接of sth.，也可接to do sth。作后置定语时，须用worthy of +名词
3、worthy of后接被动的动名词；worth后接主动的动名词，虽形式主动但意义被动。
4、 worthwhile与worthy一样，既可作表语又可作定语。表某事因重要、有趣而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做，,值得的,值得做的,有意义的”。用作表语时，可接动名词/动词不定式。
1、Responses from both students and teachers reflected that this course approach won their high acceptability, and was worthy of use . . .
2、He said the cartoon samples I had sent him were good and worthy of publication.
4、Don't always look on the dark side. There must be something worthwhile to make up for all this.