2022届高考英语二轮复习：构词法学案
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高考英语
1.Follow your heart就是英语构词法Word-formation
2021-8-16 路晓
单词虐我千百遍，我唯待他如初恋----Why
对阅读,完形,语填,作文的考查无不转化为词汇的考查，为了有目的,有计划地学习单词,需要分析构词法学习词汇--猜词的技巧
构词法是用来思考的，不是用来死记硬背的，培养英语思维，用英语的方式去理解我们看到的词汇和世界。
§词汇被创造的逻辑--构词法 汉语-象形文字-异曲同工之妙
§语音-巨大的创造力和生产力
§培养英语思维
缩略词
截断词 lab→laboratory math→mathematics exam→examination fridge→refrigerator
sci-fi→science fiction flu→influenza WiFi→wireless fidelity无线保真 the wired world
2.首字母缩写 TV→television VIP →very important person
TOEFL→Testing of English as a Foreign Language
UFO→Unidentified Flying Object
GPS→Global Positioning System
PC-personal computer
AI-artificial intelligence
NBA -nation basketball association
IT- information technology
WHO- World health organization
UN -
BBC -
FBI -
CIA -
UNESCO -
APP -apply for/to applicant
Titin -肌联蛋白
高考-高中毕业考试？ 普通高等学校招生全国统一入学考试？
GaoKao college entrance examination或者 National College Entrance Examination
在你的身边 还有哪些缩略词？举个栗子吧 BFF-best friend forever
3.拼缀词 smog-smoke fog (haze) motel-motor hotel brunch-breakfast lunch satisficer- satisfy sacrifice er
1．There are (variety) kinds of theme parks...
2．It will bring you into a (magic) world and make your dreams come true...
3．As you wander around the fantasy (amuse) park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade .----wonder
4．With all these (attract), no wonder (tour) is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. Tourism is-tourists are？
Hollywood shows and celebrates America’s (tradition) southeastern culture. 难怪
英语的构词法主要有合成法(Compounding)、转化法(Conversion)、派生法(Derivation)三种。
派生法---词根root+前缀prefix/后缀suffix--新词-派生词不算生词
派生法产生的词称为派生词(derivation). 派生词是英语词汇的主体.
加前缀 re+dis+cover = rediscover, be covered with/by, discovery and exploration
加后缀 act+or =actor,actress,take action to do, active,actively,activity--interact,react,reaction
加前后缀 un+friend+ly =unfriendly be friendly to
Telephone →mobile phone→ smart phone
常见前缀----前缀:一般只改变词义
1.否定前缀
un- unable adj, unlike (adj),unhappy,unfold, unwillingly,unfailingly2014无穷尽地永恒地,unemployment=out of job=lost my job2016
unacceptable,unbelievable (be unwilling to do)
dis- disable v. ,dislike, appear→disappear, dishonest ,discouraged泄气的from
disadvantage, displaced adj. 2017 （have the courage to do,encourage sb to do,encouragement）
(have an advantage over sth, take advantage of =make full use of=make the most of )
mis--- 错误mistake, misunderstand, misread误解/读, lead→mislead误导
Im---- possible→impossible, impatient ,imbalanced,imperfect,imperfection缺点drawback,shortcoming
In------ correct→incorrect, inexpensive廉价的,invisible看不见的,inconvenient
Ir------ irregular不规则的,irrelevant不相关的,irresponsible不负责任的
be responsible to sb for sth/take on/undertake/shoulder the responsibility a sense of responsibility/belonging/achievement
il------- ill-cooked,illogical不合逻辑的illegal, (it is legal to do)
ne-, n- non-stop none, neither, never
non- nonsmoker. nonsense (make sense,sensible,be sensitive to) 明智的 敏感的
2.表空间位置的前缀
under- =below underground, underwater,underline--outline轮廓 大纲 概述
sub- =under subway,sub-water, suburban, urban
inter- =between相互 internet, international, interchangeable，interaction 2017 interpersonal 2014
multi- multimedia multicultural, multichannel多渠道的
3.表程度的前缀
extra- “超越” extraordinary over- “超过” overtime,overweight. super- “超过” supermodel,supermarket
pre-准备 preview, predict,preschool ,prehistory fore-预 foresee ,weather forecast,forehead
5. re-三方面意义：复习,评论,文章,，，再次联系上下文
1)．"再/重复" review2019,recover,reconsider,reconstruction=rebuild,recycle,retire2016,recontextualization2017回归语境
2)．"回/后" return,recall,reward,award 3)．"反对" rebel,reverse,resist
6. a-- 形容词,副词 fall asleep, stay awake,go abroad,go aboard, broaden your view，onboard在船上2020-1
trans- 移上,转上 (transform into2014),transplant,transport,transportation,translate,translation
(change into, turn into)
1._____He looks tired because he has been working overtime all week..
2._____Don’t misunderstand me, I’m only trying to help.
3._____In many cases, the words “fiction” and “novel” are interchangeable.
1.change→ adj.不变的 3.possible→ n.不可能
4.friend→ adj.不友好的 6.understand→ n.误会
7.read→ v.误读 8.translate→ n.翻译者 unchangeable,misunderstanding
二、常见后缀---后缀:一般只改变词性
1.名词后缀 scholar
(1) –er “某职业的人Employer, presenter2019,waiter,viewer, banker, porter,carrier携带者 Londoner (地位一般)
(2) –or“…者” actor, inventor,translator (地位较高)
(3)-ee "动作承受者"employee员工, examinee,interviewee被面试者 (地位低)
(4)-eer "从事于…人" engineer,volunteer(volunteer to do)
(5) –ist scientist, socialist(socialism) typist, artist,pianist,violinist,special-specialist专家
(6) -ian musician,technique-technician技师physics-physician医生
(7)er/or--表物品 cooker,typewriter,washer,heater, shaver,locker 2017 tractor, metal detector探测仪 (侦探/警官detective)
8)--ment性质,状态 state v.陈述 说n. 州 statement n. treat vt. 对待 招待 款待 治疗 treatment n.
Argue/argument,agreement, come to an agreement,agree to,disagree with,disagreement歧义 分歧
Achieve my goal, it is a great achievement. A sense of achievement/responsibility
--ness性质/状态 Newness2017, raise awareness of 2016c,gratefulness,Business,illness,wildness,blindness
Willingness,be willing to,unwilling,where there is a will,there is a way.
--tion动作/过程 Suggestion(should+V),education2017-3,intention,nation,production,organization,attraction2016
Solve-solution解决办法describe-description 描述
--ship抽象名词 friendship,scholar,scholarship,relationship
-ity/ty responsible—responsibility责任similar—similarity相似 be responsible to sb for sth
-th warm—warmth温暖true—truth真理to tell the truth. length strength
-ure fail—failure失败expose—exposure暴露be exposed to,pleasure.
动词后缀
1)-ize/ise,做成,变成modernize,organize,summarize(summary),industrialize.v.(industry)apologize,realize, socialize, specialize, normalize,
2)-en, 使成为,引起quicken,shorten,loosen,fasten饥紧,broaden your view,widen2017,tighten,deepen，worsen恶化
2018语填Strengthen-strength-strong,long-length-lengthen, sharp-Sharpen-sharpener
(giving them a closer relationship =Strengthen the family ties 2016 B)前缀--Encourage,enlarge,enjoy,enable
do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles (courage-encourage sb to do-encouragement--discourage sb from doing)
3)-fy, …化/成beautify,terrify,horrify,identify, (UFO) ,(ID card) identity,identification classify—classification分类
4)-ish, 使/令finish,establish=set up,abolish,distinguish
3.形容词后缀
1)-ful,充分的helpful,wonderful,grateful,delightful,doubtful2014,stressful,powerful,peaceful (mouthful,handful,量词)
Careful2017 I will be grateful/thankful if ....=I would appreciate it if...=I would be appreciated it if...
2)-ed形容词常修饰人(delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,worried,ashamed,learned等)
-ing形容词常修饰物(delighting,exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,pleasing,surprising,worrying等)表事物特征
如He is moved by the moving film/movie. 移动 感动 搬家 如He had a pleased smile . pl pleasing pleasant pleasure
3)-ous,dangerous,curious(curiosity2014A),cautious(caution)obvious,precious,serious,humorous
Harmonious,previous, numerous，nervous,various (varied vary,a variety of )
4)-ly, friendly,lively, lovely,lonely,deadly, silly, orderly, daily work,weekly,yearly
5) -able, uncomfortable, valuable,suitable,reasonable,adjustable, knowledgeable有见识的, terrible, horrible
6)-some, handsome,awesome, troublesome,
7) -tive (能力), active,productive(2015 C篇), attractive, negative,reflective,imaginative,representative
名词：initiative,detective,positive,negative,native 侦探 正负极 本国人
8) -ish, foolish, selfish,girlish,childish
9) –less否定homeless,helpless (helpful),useless (useful), selfless (selfish), meaningless ( meaningful) fearless无畏的,harmless
,hopeless, careless(careful),speechless
-al national, educational, local, natural, actual,general,moral道德上的 名词：official，proposal
-y funny滑稽的,lucky, snowy, thirsty
-ant/-ent significant,important ,pleasant,present,absent,excellent
①(2019Ⅱ)But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s (wonder)．惊讶 惊喜
②2019Other American studies showed no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
③(2019·北京)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.
④But economists who study the relationship between money and (happy) have found that, above a certain income, the two do not reliably correlate.
单句语法填空
1．We’ll never know the (true) behind the accident.
2．Their (behave) towards me shows that they do not like me.
3．The country places great importance on (educate)．重视
4．We spent our happy (child) in a small town in the mountains.
5．When the first (settle) moved into the area, they faced a lot of difficulties.
6．Our school won the (athlete) sports because we have so many good runners.
7．A (translate) is a person who translates written messages from one language into another.
8．One (advantage) of living in the town is the lack of safe places for the children to play.
9．Being (able) to afford a proper home, the couple moved into a mountain cave.
10．It’s a(n) (formal) party, so you needn’t go home to get changed.
11．It was (polite) of you to ask him the personal question in front of so many people.
12．Tom was (courage) by his father to take part in the singing competition.
13．On a (storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home.
14．Their product is (friend) to the environment and popular with customers.
15．Mr.Lee said the smiles and (happy) of the children gave him great courage.
判断下列画线单词的词性和词义
1．Mary is drawing water from the well and looks quite well．
2．I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister.
3．My brother is studying for the coming examination in our father’s study．
4．Let’s go out for a walk after supper, but don’t walk too fast.
5．Although my new cellphone has many functions，it doesn’t function well.
5第一个function是名词，功能；第二个function是动词，运行，运转
4第一个walk是名词，散步；第二个walk是动词，走
3第一个study是动词，学习；第二个study是名词，书房
2第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书
1第一个well是名词，井；第二个well是形容词，气色好，身体好
4. 副词后缀
1)-ly, regularly2015, officially2016. simply,firmly,slowly,quickly, carefully,hardly2018,rarely, actually adj.+ly=adv
2)-ward, downward, backwards,afterwards, forward (put forward a plan) (改错I am look forward to hear of your)
3)-wise, 在…位置,以…方式otherwise ,clockwise, profitwise,lengthwise,
二．合成法
(1)合成名词 highway,breakout=outbreak, breakthrough, outcome2017 input,output,newcomers,takeaway,footsteps
pain-killer 止痛药editor-in-chief 总编 not-for-profit非盈利的sleepwalk梦游grown up成年人get together聚会
lookers on旁观者passers by路人go between中间人，媒人son in law女婿sister in law嫂子
合成形容词 well-known,world-famous,hardworking, heartbreaking2017,warm-hearted, strong-willed,absent-minded,
heart felt由衷的cold blooded冷血的middle aged中年的bare footed赤脚的
(3) 合成动词 mass-produce,double-check,upgrade，update，overthrow 推翻
(4) 合成副词 however,therefore,otherwise,moreover单独作状语,downstairs,downtown,beforehand事先
(5) 合成代词 anybody,anything,nobody(没人,小人物)nothing,somebody(某人,大人物),somehow不知怎么地someway以某种方式
三. 转换法----一个词不经过任何变化转换成另种词类并产生新词义
①Did you book a seat on the plane
②Please hand me the book. (v. 递hand in\out\over\down)
③She nursed her husband back to health.
fool n.傻子→v.愚弄 correct adj.→v. correction n.改正
flood n.洪水→v.淹没,涌出 Attempt v. N. Make attempt to do
water v.浇水water the flower,流泪the watery eye2016--tears
judge n.法官V.判断 Don’t judge a person by his appearance
face v.面对in the face of,be faced with, facing the future
store n.商店v.储存2017A storage n. option. n选项. v. 选择2017A
dull adj.枯燥的 v,使枯燥 be dulled by 2015C
home adv.家 V 回家 I homed in 2015C
Head n 头 v朝 head home, head for 2016, 2017 朝向 前往
View n.观点 看法 v. 考虑, 看做 view as locate V.位于,坐落于，=找到，定位 2017C location
anchor n.锚V固定 2017C 2017 place 地点 放置 displaced. 无家可归的
Back n. 后背backpack adv 向后 date/go back to追溯到 v.后退back off 2016完型 v 支持 back sb
Step n.一步,步骤,措施 Take steps/action/measures to do采取措施 V.迈进 step forward 2016完型 step out
spot n.点 斑点 地点 on spot 在现场 v.看见 be spotted by 2016完型 ship船 v运输,快递
2.形容词→动词 We will try our best to better our living condition. 改善 Slow empty dry dirty brave---adj.v.
3 the+形容词→名词 the rich富人 the poor穷人, the disabled, the strong-willed, final n. 决赛
记忆单词的几种方法:
同义法 in search of = find,look for,search for,seek ignore = neglect, overlook, pay no attention to
形近法 abroad-- aboard ( go abroad , go aboard ) wonder -- wander (I wonder whether/if.....) (wander about)
attack--attract (attract one’s attention, attractive,attraction)
一．用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We must do a _____(care ) job. We must do the experiment (care ).
2. The singer gave a ( friend )smile to those who came to greet him.
3. The success of our experiment is a great ( satisfy ) to us all.
4. Scientists have ( success ) in sending the satellite into space
5. The news filled them with ( proud ).
6. We were filled with______. ( angry )
2016- 1. pandas are its top_61_(attract).
2.The title will be __63___(official) given to me.
3.My duties will include 67_(introduce) British visitors
2017 4.be (care) not to go to extremes 5.Even 66 (bad),
2018 6. you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles 7. it's always 69 (energy).
改错 2016 1. the key to his success is honest. 2. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
2017 3. A few minutes late, I came to a suddenly stop 2018 4. I felt happily that their life had improved.
2019-1 改错To everyone’s surprising, 5. Reserve your spot before availability= book in advance
用括号中所给单词的否定形式填空：
1.It is ____(legal) to drive after drinking alcohol.
2._____(lead) advertisement are not allowed by law.
3.The _______(expect) death of her son made her sad.
4.He was scolded for his _______(acceptable) behavior.
5.If it is not _______(convenient) to you, I should like to call on you tonight.
6.He was unlucky. No matter what he does, he was always ______(succeed)
7.It was _______(polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye.
8.I am afraid I have to ______(agree) with you on the issue.
9.Paralympic Games (残奥会) are held for the ____ (able).
illegal Misleading unexpected unacceptable Inconvenient unsuccessful impolite disagree disabled
1.Harry Potter is a boy who is full of _____ (imagine)
2._______ (congratulate)! You have done so well in the game.
3.I received a letter of _________ (invite) but I didn’t accept it.
4.His late ______(arrive) made a mess of our plan.
5.To the ______(amaze) of the parents, their child can look after himself without their help.
6.He did exercise to ____ (strong) his muscles.
7.I went out to ________( breath) the fresh air.
8.Don’t take his words ____ (serious); he was just kidding.
9.The boy felt_____(comfort) with his new classmates, so he seldom spoke.
10. The ___(popular) of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new.外来语 接收新鲜事物 流行 普及
11. The boy’s_______ (usual) behavior puzzled the doctor.
12. He _____ (like) those who are not well-behaved.举止不得体
13. He was ___ (formal) dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck.
Imagination Congratulations invitation arrival amazement strengthen breathe Seriously认真对待Uncomfortable popularity unusual dislikes informally
三、后缀-ment: 表"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果
1) achieve vt.达到,取得——achievement n.成就,成绩,功绩
2) adjust vt.调整,使…适合;校准——adjustment n.调整,适应
5) announce vt.宣布,宣告——announcement n.通告,通知 ---inform of 2014A
6) amuse vt.（使人）快乐,逗乐——amusement n.娱乐
8) appoint v.任命,委任,安排,确定—appointment n.约会
10) arrange v. 安排,布置——arrangement n. 安排,布置 2016
13) commit vt. 犯罪，commit a crime/mistake做错事;be committed to承担义务—commitment n.承诺,允诺,承担
14) develop v.发展/发达vt.冲洗照片——with the development of n.发展.发达,开发
15) depart vi. 离开;出发,起程;—— department(缩Dept.) n.部门;司,处;系 -departure.n.出发
21) judge n.裁判;审判员;法官; vt.判断,断定——judgement n. 裁判
24) refresh v.使恢复精力,提醒——refreshments n.点心,便餐; 2017
25) require vt.需求;要求——requirement n. 需要;要求;必要的条件
26) settle vi.安家,定居,解决 确定——settlement n.新拓居地;（美）部落,村落 settle down平静settle the dispute解决争端
27) state n.状态;国家,州; vt.规定;声明;陈述—statement n.声明,陈诉,
28) treat vt.招待 款待 对待,看待as——treatment n.治疗,疗法
四、后缀-tion 加后缀词义
ambitious --ambition n.野心，雄心，抱负
cooperative-- cooperation n. 合作，协作；协力
imaginative-- imagination n. [心理] 想象力；空想；幻想物
innovation n. 革新，创新，改革
inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计 be inspired by 2020 语填
intend --intention n. 意图；目的；意向；愈合
native --nation n. 国家；民族；国民
originate-- origination n. 起源；开始；起始
productive-- production n. 成果；产品；生产；作品 2014 2分
promotion n.推销 ；促销活动
五、考研英语所有“ize、ise”结尾词汇
characterize v.(characterise)表示 的特性;描述 特性
criticize v.(criticise)批评,评论
emphasize v.(emphasise)强调
organize v.(organise)组织,编组
realize v.(realise)认识到,体会到;实现realize my dream
recognize v.(recognise)认出,承认,公认,赏识,表扬be recognized as
summarize v.(summarise)概括,总结
sympathize v.(sympathise)(with)同情;共鸣,同感;赞成
revise v.修订,校订;复习,修改 revision
形近词辨析： Complete compete complain complaint forget forgive Office officer official adj v officially
Present 1.adj 出席的 到场的 be present at the meeting/be absent from the meeting
The people present are amazing. 到场的 n. In the presence/absence of
2017-1 C Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.
2.adj 现存的；当前的 in the present situation the present day 目前at present
3. 礼物；礼品 A present=gift
4. V.给 give ~ sb with sth | ~ sth (to sb) 把…交给；颁发；授予2014-1 A present the prizes颁发奖品
5.N.主持人presenter 2018-1-C And the Good Morning Britain presenter says
v. 呈现；展示-----n. presentation ...in his first presentation of
V 出席；到场 If you present yourself somewhere, you officially arrive there.
V 主持（电视或广播节目） If someone presents a programme on television or radio, they introduce each item in it.
V引见；介绍 If you present someone to someone else, you formally introduce them
~ sth (for sth) | ~ sth (to sb)
提出；提交to show or offer sth for other people to look at or consider
The committee will present its final report in June. ( https: / / fanyi. / aldtype=85" \l "en / zh / javascript:void(0); )
Back 1.adv go back回去 /go back to/date back to追溯到But my connection with pandas goes back __64__ my days
2. n.背部.backache. turn one's back on 不理睬 背柱 He broke his back.
3.v ① 支持=support back his plan 支持他的计划 ② v后退back off 2016完型she backed into a room
4. adj 回来 I will be back in a minute
5. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you不要自寻麻烦/烦恼
arise vi 出现.发生.起因于
arouse vt.唤醒 arouse sb from sleep.引起 arouse attention引起注意
raise vt. 举起 raise one's hand养育 2018-1 改错raised fish raise a family 养家糊月口
提高 raise my voice raise prices 涨价提出 raise a question提出问题
征收 raise an army 筹集 raise money募捐.
Rise n.加薪 get a raise (of) rise vi.上升 The sun rises in the east.
上涨 The river has risen sunrise a rise in wages 工资的增加.
Prices have been raised up.(人为） prices rose gradually.(客观原因）
as far as I'm concerned as far as I'm aware.
as far as ①和...一样远 ② as far as I know
as long as ①和...一样长 ②只要（条件从句）
as well as ①和...一样好 ②也.还有 the teacher,as well as his ss,____(come)in.
as soon as ① 扣...一样快.as soon as possible ② —...就...(主将从现）
Late adj adv be late for/come late
Lately=recently you have been abroad lately
Latest=up to date the latest news
Later 2 days later,later on 2017-1改错A few minutes late+r
The former.... the latter....
Lie-lie-lie-lying撒谎lie-lay-lain-lying躺下 摆放 lay-laid-laid-laying下蛋 搁置
To everyone’s surprising,2019-1 改错to one’s disappointment/amazement/satisfaction,
late; lately; later; latter;latest
a.He got here five days_ .
b. He was born in the 20th century
c. I haven’t seen him .
d. Of the two the is better than the former
e. They have equipped the office with the business machines
College university 985 211
本科 Undergraduate--bachelor degree
硕士研究生postgraduate--master degree
博士研究生Doctor degree 博士后post doctor
View-preview-review-interview-
Interviewer,In my view,view as
take measures/step to do
Cover占地,覆盖,报道,前进,包含
Disable-disabled--disability残疾
Be unable to不能
fold合上unfold打开
able---ability
capable---capability
rely—reliable--reliability
Possible-possibility
Like father,like son
blackboard-go aboard-board the plane-boarding school
broadcast-go abroad-broaden your view
wide-widen your view-widely
Present 现在 礼物 赠送 出席 呈现 主持presenter =host
演示presentation
n+ly=adj
adj.+ly=adv
terror, horror-terrify,horrify
terrible, horrible
Product.v.
Production n
Produce v
Producer n
Productive adj C 200
Productivity n. D still
1.be satisfied with
to one’s satisfaction/joy/
surprise/disappointment
2.it is a success/failure.
be successful
succeed in doing
fail to do
prize n.,奖品 v.珍视,珍惜
seize v.抓住,逮住;夺取,占领;没收,查封
raise v.举起,提升;增加;饲养;引起;竖起;提出
Apologize v.(to,for)道歉，认错
rise v.升起;起立;上涨;起义 n.上涨,增高;起源
arise v.出现，发生；(from)由....引起/产生
1.Follow your heart就是英语构词法Word-formation
2021-8-16 路晓
单词虐我千百遍，我唯待他如初恋----Why
对阅读,完形,语填,作文的考查无不转化为词汇的考查，为了有目的,有计划地学习单词,需要分析构词法学习词汇--猜词的技巧
构词法是用来思考的，不是用来死记硬背的，培养英语思维，用英语的方式去理解我们看到的词汇和世界。
§词汇被创造的逻辑--构词法 汉语-象形文字-异曲同工之妙
§语音-巨大的创造力和生产力
§培养英语思维
缩略词
截断词 lab→laboratory math→mathematics exam→examination fridge→refrigerator
sci-fi→science fiction flu→influenza WiFi→wireless fidelity无线保真 the wired world
2.首字母缩写 TV→television VIP →very important person
TOEFL→Testing of English as a Foreign Language
UFO→Unidentified Flying Object
GPS→Global Positioning System
PC-personal computer
AI-artificial intelligence
NBA -nation basketball association
IT- information technology
WHO- World health organization
UN -
BBC -
FBI -
CIA -
UNESCO -
APP -apply for/to applicant
Titin -肌联蛋白
高考-高中毕业考试？ 普通高等学校招生全国统一入学考试？
GaoKao college entrance examination或者 National College Entrance Examination
在你的身边 还有哪些缩略词？举个栗子吧 BFF-best friend forever
3.拼缀词 smog-smoke fog (haze) motel-motor hotel brunch-breakfast lunch satisficer- satisfy sacrifice er
1．There are (variety) kinds of theme parks...
2．It will bring you into a (magic) world and make your dreams come true...
3．As you wander around the fantasy (amuse) park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade .----wonder
4．With all these (attract), no wonder (tour) is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. Tourism is-tourists are？
Hollywood shows and celebrates America’s (tradition) southeastern culture. 难怪
英语的构词法主要有合成法(Compounding)、转化法(Conversion)、派生法(Derivation)三种。
派生法---词根root+前缀prefix/后缀suffix--新词-派生词不算生词
派生法产生的词称为派生词(derivation). 派生词是英语词汇的主体.
加前缀 re+dis+cover = rediscover, be covered with/by, discovery and exploration
加后缀 act+or =actor,actress,take action to do, active,actively,activity--interact,react,reaction
加前后缀 un+friend+ly =unfriendly be friendly to
Telephone →mobile phone→ smart phone
常见前缀----前缀:一般只改变词义
1.否定前缀
un- unable adj, unlike (adj),unhappy,unfold, unwillingly,unfailingly2014无穷尽地永恒地,unemployment=out of job=lost my job2016
unacceptable,unbelievable (be unwilling to do)
dis- disable v. ,dislike, appear→disappear, dishonest ,discouraged泄气的from
disadvantage, displaced adj. 2017 （have the courage to do,encourage sb to do,encouragement）
(have an advantage over sth, take advantage of =make full use of=make the most of )
mis--- 错误mistake, misunderstand, misread误解/读, lead→mislead误导
Im---- possible→impossible, impatient ,imbalanced,imperfect,imperfection缺点drawback,shortcoming
In------ correct→incorrect, inexpensive廉价的,invisible看不见的,inconvenient
Ir------ irregular不规则的,irrelevant不相关的,irresponsible不负责任的
be responsible to sb for sth/take on/undertake/shoulder the responsibility a sense of responsibility/belonging/achievement
il------- ill-cooked,illogical不合逻辑的illegal, (it is legal to do)
ne-, n- non-stop none, neither, never
non- nonsmoker. nonsense (make sense,sensible,be sensitive to) 明智的 敏感的
2.表空间位置的前缀
under- =below underground, underwater,underline--outline轮廓 大纲 概述
sub- =under subway,sub-water, suburban, urban
inter- =between相互 internet, international, interchangeable，interaction 2017 interpersonal 2014
multi- multimedia multicultural, multichannel多渠道的
3.表程度的前缀
extra- “超越” extraordinary over- “超过” overtime,overweight. super- “超过” supermodel,supermarket
pre-准备 preview, predict,preschool ,prehistory fore-预 foresee ,weather forecast,forehead
5. re-三方面意义：复习,评论,文章,，，再次联系上下文
1)．"再/重复" review2019,recover,reconsider,reconstruction=rebuild,recycle,retire2016,recontextualization2017回归语境
2)．"回/后" return,recall,reward,award 3)．"反对" rebel,reverse,resist
6. a-- 形容词,副词 fall asleep, stay awake,go abroad,go aboard, broaden your view，onboard在船上2020-1
trans- 移上,转上 (transform into2014),transplant,transport,transportation,translate,translation
(change into, turn into)
1._____He looks tired because he has been working overtime all week..
2._____Don’t misunderstand me, I’m only trying to help.
3._____In many cases, the words “fiction” and “novel” are interchangeable.
1.change→ adj.不变的 3.possible→ n.不可能
4.friend→ adj.不友好的 6.understand→ n.误会
7.read→ v.误读 8.translate→ n.翻译者 unchangeable,misunderstanding
二、常见后缀---后缀:一般只改变词性
1.名词后缀 scholar
(1) –er “某职业的人Employer, presenter2019,waiter,viewer, banker, porter,carrier携带者 Londoner (地位一般)
(2) –or“…者” actor, inventor,translator (地位较高)
(3)-ee "动作承受者"employee员工, examinee,interviewee被面试者 (地位低)
(4)-eer "从事于…人" engineer,volunteer(volunteer to do)
(5) –ist scientist, socialist(socialism) typist, artist,pianist,violinist,special-specialist专家
(6) -ian musician,technique-technician技师physics-physician医生
(7)er/or--表物品 cooker,typewriter,washer,heater, shaver,locker 2017 tractor, metal detector探测仪 (侦探/警官detective)
8)--ment性质,状态 state v.陈述 说n. 州 statement n. treat vt. 对待 招待 款待 治疗 treatment n.
Argue/argument,agreement, come to an agreement,agree to,disagree with,disagreement歧义 分歧
Achieve my goal, it is a great achievement. A sense of achievement/responsibility
--ness性质/状态 Newness2017, raise awareness of 2016c,gratefulness,Business,illness,wildness,blindness
Willingness,be willing to,unwilling,where there is a will,there is a way.
--tion动作/过程 Suggestion(should+V),education2017-3,intention,nation,production,organization,attraction2016
Solve-solution解决办法describe-description 描述
--ship抽象名词 friendship,scholar,scholarship,relationship
-ity/ty responsible—responsibility责任similar—similarity相似 be responsible to sb for sth
-th warm—warmth温暖true—truth真理to tell the truth. length strength
-ure fail—failure失败expose—exposure暴露be exposed to,pleasure.
动词后缀
1)-ize/ise,做成,变成modernize,organize,summarize(summary),industrialize.v.(industry)apologize,realize, socialize, specialize, normalize,
2)-en, 使成为,引起quicken,shorten,loosen,fasten饥紧,broaden your view,widen2017,tighten,deepen，worsen恶化
2018语填Strengthen-strength-strong,long-length-lengthen, sharp-Sharpen-sharpener
(giving them a closer relationship =Strengthen the family ties 2016 B)前缀--Encourage,enlarge,enjoy,enable
do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles (courage-encourage sb to do-encouragement--discourage sb from doing)
3)-fy, …化/成beautify,terrify,horrify,identify, (UFO) ,(ID card) identity,identification classify—classification分类
4)-ish, 使/令finish,establish=set up,abolish,distinguish
3.形容词后缀
1)-ful,充分的helpful,wonderful,grateful,delightful,doubtful2014,stressful,powerful,peaceful (mouthful,handful,量词)
Careful2017 I will be grateful/thankful if ....=I would appreciate it if...=I would be appreciated it if...
2)-ed形容词常修饰人(delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,worried,ashamed,learned等)
-ing形容词常修饰物(delighting,exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,pleasing,surprising,worrying等)表事物特征
如He is moved by the moving film/movie. 移动 感动 搬家 如He had a pleased smile . pl pleasing pleasant pleasure
3)-ous,dangerous,curious(curiosity2014A),cautious(caution)obvious,precious,serious,humorous
Harmonious,previous, numerous，nervous,various (varied vary,a variety of )
4)-ly, friendly,lively, lovely,lonely,deadly, silly, orderly, daily work,weekly,yearly
5) -able, uncomfortable, valuable,suitable,reasonable,adjustable, knowledgeable有见识的, terrible, horrible
6)-some, handsome,awesome, troublesome,
7) -tive (能力), active,productive(2015 C篇), attractive, negative,reflective,imaginative,representative
名词：initiative,detective,positive,negative,native 侦探 正负极 本国人
8) -ish, foolish, selfish,girlish,childish
9) –less否定homeless,helpless (helpful),useless (useful), selfless (selfish), meaningless ( meaningful) fearless无畏的,harmless
,hopeless, careless(careful),speechless
-al national, educational, local, natural, actual,general,moral道德上的 名词：official，proposal
-y funny滑稽的,lucky, snowy, thirsty
-ant/-ent significant,important ,pleasant,present,absent,excellent
①(2019Ⅱ)But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s (wonder)．惊讶 惊喜
②2019Other American studies showed no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
③(2019·北京)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.
④But economists who study the relationship between money and (happy) have found that, above a certain income, the two do not reliably correlate.
单句语法填空
1．We’ll never know the (true) behind the accident.
2．Their (behave) towards me shows that they do not like me.
3．The country places great importance on (educate)．重视
4．We spent our happy (child) in a small town in the mountains.
5．When the first (settle) moved into the area, they faced a lot of difficulties.
6．Our school won the (athlete) sports because we have so many good runners.
7．A (translate) is a person who translates written messages from one language into another.
8．One (advantage) of living in the town is the lack of safe places for the children to play.
9．Being (able) to afford a proper home, the couple moved into a mountain cave.
10．It’s a(n) (formal) party, so you needn’t go home to get changed.
11．It was (polite) of you to ask him the personal question in front of so many people.
12．Tom was (courage) by his father to take part in the singing competition.
13．On a (storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home.
14．Their product is (friend) to the environment and popular with customers.
15．Mr.Lee said the smiles and (happy) of the children gave him great courage.
判断下列画线单词的词性和词义
1．Mary is drawing water from the well and looks quite well．
2．I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister.
3．My brother is studying for the coming examination in our father’s study．
4．Let’s go out for a walk after supper, but don’t walk too fast.
5．Although my new cellphone has many functions，it doesn’t function well.
5第一个function是名词，功能；第二个function是动词，运行，运转
4第一个walk是名词，散步；第二个walk是动词，走
3第一个study是动词，学习；第二个study是名词，书房
2第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书
1第一个well是名词，井；第二个well是形容词，气色好，身体好
4. 副词后缀
1)-ly, regularly2015, officially2016. simply,firmly,slowly,quickly, carefully,hardly2018,rarely, actually adj.+ly=adv
2)-ward, downward, backwards,afterwards, forward (put forward a plan) (改错I am look forward to hear of your)
3)-wise, 在…位置,以…方式otherwise ,clockwise, profitwise,lengthwise,
二．合成法
(1)合成名词 highway,breakout=outbreak, breakthrough, outcome2017 input,output,newcomers,takeaway,footsteps
pain-killer 止痛药editor-in-chief 总编 not-for-profit非盈利的sleepwalk梦游grown up成年人get together聚会
lookers on旁观者passers by路人go between中间人，媒人son in law女婿sister in law嫂子
合成形容词 well-known,world-famous,hardworking, heartbreaking2017,warm-hearted, strong-willed,absent-minded,
heart felt由衷的cold blooded冷血的middle aged中年的bare footed赤脚的
(3) 合成动词 mass-produce,double-check,upgrade，update，overthrow 推翻
(4) 合成副词 however,therefore,otherwise,moreover单独作状语,downstairs,downtown,beforehand事先
(5) 合成代词 anybody,anything,nobody(没人,小人物)nothing,somebody(某人,大人物),somehow不知怎么地someway以某种方式
三. 转换法----一个词不经过任何变化转换成另种词类并产生新词义
①Did you book a seat on the plane
②Please hand me the book. (v. 递hand in\out\over\down)
③She nursed her husband back to health.
fool n.傻子→v.愚弄 correct adj.→v. correction n.改正
flood n.洪水→v.淹没,涌出 Attempt v. N. Make attempt to do
water v.浇水water the flower,流泪the watery eye2016--tears
judge n.法官V.判断 Don’t judge a person by his appearance
face v.面对in the face of,be faced with, facing the future
store n.商店v.储存2017A storage n. option. n选项. v. 选择2017A
dull adj.枯燥的 v,使枯燥 be dulled by 2015C
home adv.家 V 回家 I homed in 2015C
Head n 头 v朝 head home, head for 2016, 2017 朝向 前往
View n.观点 看法 v. 考虑, 看做 view as locate V.位于,坐落于，=找到，定位 2017C location
anchor n.锚V固定 2017C 2017 place 地点 放置 displaced. 无家可归的
Back n. 后背backpack adv 向后 date/go back to追溯到 v.后退back off 2016完型 v 支持 back sb
Step n.一步,步骤,措施 Take steps/action/measures to do采取措施 V.迈进 step forward 2016完型 step out
spot n.点 斑点 地点 on spot 在现场 v.看见 be spotted by 2016完型 ship船 v运输,快递
2.形容词→动词 We will try our best to better our living condition. 改善 Slow empty dry dirty brave---adj.v.
3 the+形容词→名词 the rich富人 the poor穷人, the disabled, the strong-willed, final n. 决赛
记忆单词的几种方法:
同义法 in search of = find,look for,search for,seek ignore = neglect, overlook, pay no attention to
形近法 abroad-- aboard ( go abroad , go aboard ) wonder -- wander (I wonder whether/if.....) (wander about)
attack--attract (attract one’s attention, attractive,attraction)
一．用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We must do a _____(care ) job. We must do the experiment (care ).
2. The singer gave a ( friend )smile to those who came to greet him.
3. The success of our experiment is a great ( satisfy ) to us all.
4. Scientists have ( success ) in sending the satellite into space
5. The news filled them with ( proud ).
6. We were filled with______. ( angry )
2016- 1. pandas are its top_61_(attract).
2.The title will be __63___(official) given to me.
3.My duties will include 67_(introduce) British visitors
2017 4.be (care) not to go to extremes 5.Even 66 (bad),
2018 6. you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles 7. it's always 69 (energy).
改错 2016 1. the key to his success is honest. 2. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
2017 3. A few minutes late, I came to a suddenly stop 2018 4. I felt happily that their life had improved.
2019-1 改错To everyone’s surprising, 5. Reserve your spot before availability= book in advance
用括号中所给单词的否定形式填空：
1.It is ____(legal) to drive after drinking alcohol.
2._____(lead) advertisement are not allowed by law.
3.The _______(expect) death of her son made her sad.
4.He was scolded for his _______(acceptable) behavior.
5.If it is not _______(convenient) to you, I should like to call on you tonight.
6.He was unlucky. No matter what he does, he was always ______(succeed)
7.It was _______(polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye.
8.I am afraid I have to ______(agree) with you on the issue.
9.Paralympic Games (残奥会) are held for the ____ (able).
illegal Misleading unexpected unacceptable Inconvenient unsuccessful impolite disagree disabled
1.Harry Potter is a boy who is full of _____ (imagine)
2._______ (congratulate)! You have done so well in the game.
3.I received a letter of _________ (invite) but I didn’t accept it.
4.His late ______(arrive) made a mess of our plan.
5.To the ______(amaze) of the parents, their child can look after himself without their help.
6.He did exercise to ____ (strong) his muscles.
7.I went out to ________( breath) the fresh air.
8.Don’t take his words ____ (serious); he was just kidding.
9.The boy felt_____(comfort) with his new classmates, so he seldom spoke.
10. The ___(popular) of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new.外来语 接收新鲜事物 流行 普及
11. The boy’s_______ (usual) behavior puzzled the doctor.
12. He _____ (like) those who are not well-behaved.举止不得体
13. He was ___ (formal) dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck.
Imagination Congratulations invitation arrival amazement strengthen breathe Seriously认真对待Uncomfortable popularity unusual dislikes informally
三、后缀-ment: 表"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果
1) achieve vt.达到,取得——achievement n.成就,成绩,功绩
2) adjust vt.调整,使…适合;校准——adjustment n.调整,适应
5) announce vt.宣布,宣告——announcement n.通告,通知 ---inform of 2014A
6) amuse vt.（使人）快乐,逗乐——amusement n.娱乐
8) appoint v.任命,委任,安排,确定—appointment n.约会
10) arrange v. 安排,布置——arrangement n. 安排,布置 2016
13) commit vt. 犯罪，commit a crime/mistake做错事;be committed to承担义务—commitment n.承诺,允诺,承担
14) develop v.发展/发达vt.冲洗照片——with the development of n.发展.发达,开发
15) depart vi. 离开;出发,起程;—— department(缩Dept.) n.部门;司,处;系 -departure.n.出发
21) judge n.裁判;审判员;法官; vt.判断,断定——judgement n. 裁判
24) refresh v.使恢复精力,提醒——refreshments n.点心,便餐; 2017
25) require vt.需求;要求——requirement n. 需要;要求;必要的条件
26) settle vi.安家,定居,解决 确定——settlement n.新拓居地;（美）部落,村落 settle down平静settle the dispute解决争端
27) state n.状态;国家,州; vt.规定;声明;陈述—statement n.声明,陈诉,
28) treat vt.招待 款待 对待,看待as——treatment n.治疗,疗法
四、后缀-tion 加后缀词义
ambitious --ambition n.野心，雄心，抱负
cooperative-- cooperation n. 合作，协作；协力
imaginative-- imagination n. [心理] 想象力；空想；幻想物
innovation n. 革新，创新，改革
inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计 be inspired by 2020 语填
intend --intention n. 意图；目的；意向；愈合
native --nation n. 国家；民族；国民
originate-- origination n. 起源；开始；起始
productive-- production n. 成果；产品；生产；作品 2014 2分
promotion n.推销 ；促销活动
五、考研英语所有“ize、ise”结尾词汇
characterize v.(characterise)表示 的特性;描述 特性
criticize v.(criticise)批评,评论
emphasize v.(emphasise)强调
organize v.(organise)组织,编组
realize v.(realise)认识到,体会到;实现realize my dream
recognize v.(recognise)认出,承认,公认,赏识,表扬be recognized as
summarize v.(summarise)概括,总结
sympathize v.(sympathise)(with)同情;共鸣,同感;赞成
revise v.修订,校订;复习,修改 revision
形近词辨析： Complete compete complain complaint forget forgive Office officer official adj v officially
Present 1.adj 出席的 到场的 be present at the meeting/be absent from the meeting
The people present are amazing. 到场的 n. In the presence/absence of
2017-1 C Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.
2.adj 现存的；当前的 in the present situation the present day 目前at present
3. 礼物；礼品 A present=gift
4. V.给 give ~ sb with sth | ~ sth (to sb) 把…交给；颁发；授予2014-1 A present the prizes颁发奖品
5.N.主持人presenter 2018-1-C And the Good Morning Britain presenter says
v. 呈现；展示-----n. presentation ...in his first presentation of
V 出席；到场 If you present yourself somewhere, you officially arrive there.
V 主持（电视或广播节目） If someone presents a programme on television or radio, they introduce each item in it.
V引见；介绍 If you present someone to someone else, you formally introduce them
~ sth (for sth) | ~ sth (to sb)
提出；提交to show or offer sth for other people to look at or consider
The committee will present its final report in June. ( https: / / fanyi. / aldtype=85" \l "en / zh / javascript:void(0); )
Back 1.adv go back回去 /go back to/date back to追溯到But my connection with pandas goes back __64__ my days
2. n.背部.backache. turn one's back on 不理睬 背柱 He broke his back.
3.v ① 支持=support back his plan 支持他的计划 ② v后退back off 2016完型she backed into a room
4. adj 回来 I will be back in a minute
5. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you不要自寻麻烦/烦恼
arise vi 出现.发生.起因于
arouse vt.唤醒 arouse sb from sleep.引起 arouse attention引起注意
raise vt. 举起 raise one's hand养育 2018-1 改错raised fish raise a family 养家糊月口
提高 raise my voice raise prices 涨价提出 raise a question提出问题
征收 raise an army 筹集 raise money募捐.
Rise n.加薪 get a raise (of) rise vi.上升 The sun rises in the east.
上涨 The river has risen sunrise a rise in wages 工资的增加.
Prices have been raised up.(人为） prices rose gradually.(客观原因）
as far as I'm concerned as far as I'm aware.
as far as ①和...一样远 ② as far as I know
as long as ①和...一样长 ②只要（条件从句）
as well as ①和...一样好 ②也.还有 the teacher,as well as his ss,____(come)in.
as soon as ① 扣...一样快.as soon as possible ② —...就...(主将从现）
Late adj adv be late for/come late
Lately=recently you have been abroad lately
Latest=up to date the latest news
Later 2 days later,later on 2017-1改错A few minutes late+r
The former.... the latter....
Lie-lie-lie-lying撒谎lie-lay-lain-lying躺下 摆放 lay-laid-laid-laying下蛋 搁置
To everyone’s surprising,2019-1 改错to one’s disappointment/amazement/satisfaction,
late; lately; later; latter;latest
a.He got here five days_ .
b. He was born in the 20th century
c. I haven’t seen him .
d. Of the two the is better than the former
e. They have equipped the office with the business machines
College university 985 211
本科 Undergraduate--bachelor degree
硕士研究生postgraduate--master degree
博士研究生Doctor degree 博士后post doctor
View-preview-review-interview-
Interviewer,In my view,view as
take measures/step to do
Cover占地,覆盖,报道,前进,包含
Disable-disabled--disability残疾
Be unable to不能
fold合上unfold打开
able---ability
capable---capability
rely—reliable--reliability
Possible-possibility
Like father,like son
blackboard-go aboard-board the plane-boarding school
broadcast-go abroad-broaden your view
wide-widen your view-widely
Present 现在 礼物 赠送 出席 呈现 主持presenter =host
演示presentation
n+ly=adj
adj.+ly=adv
terror, horror-terrify,horrify
terrible, horrible
Product.v.
Production n
Produce v
Producer n
Productive adj C 200
Productivity n. D still
1.be satisfied with
to one’s satisfaction/joy/
surprise/disappointment
2.it is a success/failure.
be successful
succeed in doing
fail to do
prize n.,奖品 v.珍视,珍惜
seize v.抓住,逮住;夺取,占领;没收,查封
raise v.举起,提升;增加;饲养;引起;竖起;提出
Apologize v.(to,for)道歉，认错
rise v.升起;起立;上涨;起义 n.上涨,增高;起源
arise v.出现，发生；(from)由....引起/产生