2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词精讲义 学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词精讲义 学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-10-30 21:28:42 | ||
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Noun 名词
考点
1.名词的数
a如何区分可数不可数
b可数名词的数的表达
c不可数名词数的表达
d表达名词数量的修饰词语
2.名词的所有格
3.名词的常用后缀
4.补充
1.名词的数
a如何区分可数不可数
分类法
名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。其中专有名词指具体的人物、地点、机构、国家或地区的名称等，不能随便更改。普通名词则较为复杂，它分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词分为个体名词和集体名词；不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
一分为二法
不可数meat, rice, water, milk, orange
可数：apple,banana,book,cup,desk
死记硬背法-10大绝对不可数名词
work 工作 weather 天气 transportation 交通
news 消息 information 信息 advice 建议
progress 进步 music 音乐 fan 有趣 furniture家具
b可数名词的数的表达
单数变复数的规则变化
单数变复数的不规则变化
规则变化
penny(便士)也有两种复数形式，但含义不同，pence指“价值”，而pennies则指“便士的枚数”。
单数变复数的不规则变化
（1）变内部元音
foot-feet man-men
woman-women tooth-teeth
mouse-mice goose-geese
getleman-gentlemen
(2)单复数同行的复数形式
sheep deer spacecraft aircraft
Chinese Japanese Swiss means
crossroads series works head
species headquarter
(3)外来名词的复数形式
criterion-criteria
phenomenon-phenomena
anylasis-analyses
basis-bases
crisis-crises
thesis-theses
bacterium-bacteria
medium-media
4.不可数名词的量的表达
1.用“数词+单位名词+of”表示不可数名词具体的量。
a cup of tea a pound of meat
The professor gave him two pieces of advice after class.
2.用much, a lot of,a little,little,some,plenty of,a great deal of等表示不可数名词大概的量。
I have some/much money.
There is plenty of room in my bag.
例外：抽象名词具体化
hair全部头发(不可数) a few white hairs几根白头发(可数)
help 帮助(不可数)；帮手，助手(可数)
experience经验(不可数)；经历(可数)
work工作(不可数)；作品，著作(可数)
paper纸(不可数)；文件，论文，试卷(可数)
surprise惊讶(不可数)；令人惊奇的事情(可数)
注意：a tea＝a cup of tea，two teas＝two cups of tea；
a coffee＝a cup of coffee，two coffees＝two cups of coffee
有些抽象名词用复数形式，表示各种各样的。如：fruits各种水果，equipments各种器材，设备，foods各种食物，waters水域，gases各种气体，teas各种茶等。
注意： 有些物质名词和抽象名词的复数形式表示特殊的含义。如：time时间→times时代，次数，倍数，look看→looks外貌，green绿色→greens青菜，brain脑→brains头脑，脑筋，good益处→goods货物，sand沙→sands沙滩，沙漠等。
d表达名词数量的修饰词语
只能修饰可数名词的词语有: many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等
He always has a great amount of work to do.
既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数) all, some, enough等
A great quantity of flowers were placed in the hall.
There is a great quantity of food in the cupboard.
2.名词所有格
定义：
表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 ’s来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。
例如：men’s room 男厕所a mile’s distance 一英里的距离 // a stone’s throw 一步之遥 // the moon’s light 月光
但如果该名词是以-s或-es结尾，则只在该名词后加“’”来构成所有格。例如：3 hours’ walk 三小时的路程 // five minutes’ walk 五分钟路程 // two miles’ distance 两英里的距离
2.名词所有格
构成方式：
名词所有格作定语有两种。
(1)名词词尾加“’s”
(2)介词of加名词
名词词尾加“’s”的所有格
1．“’s”用于非s结尾的单、复数名词之后。如：a man’s job；a child’s voice；the bird’s mouth；women’s clothes；the people’s choice等。
2．在以s 结尾的复数名词后，只用“’”。如：the Greens’car；the girls’ teacher等。
3．复合名词在整个词后加“’s”。如：my sister in law’s father；each other’s shortcomings；somebody else’s book，Henry the Eighth’s wives等。
4.部分节日名称用名词复数的所有格，而且前面不用冠词the。如：Women’s Day，Teachers’ Day，Children’s Day等。
注意： Father’s Day 和Mother’s Day 用单数的所有格。
5.有些名词所有格表示地点。如：at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所里；at the barber’s 在理发店；at Mr.Green’s在格林先生的家；to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家等。
6.如果一样东西为两个人共同拥有时，只在最后一个人名后加“’s”；如果各有一个，则两个人名后都加“’s”。
Tom and Mary’s father 汤姆和玛丽的父亲(二人共有一个父亲)
Tom’s and Mary’s room 汤姆的房间和玛丽的房间(二人分别有一个)
of所有格用法
凡不能加’s的名词，都可以与of构成短语，来表示所有关系。无生命名词的所有格也可以这么用。例如：
Does anyone know the title of the novel？有谁知道这部小说的名字？
There is a tall maple tree at the end of the road．在这条路的尽头有一棵高高的枫树。
但有特殊情况：
This is a photo of my parents.
双重所有格
定义：在英语中，同一个名词前，冠词(a，an，the )，指示代词(this，that， these，those)，物主代词(my，your，his等)，以及不定代词(no，every，each等) 不能重复使用，如果要表示此种意思，就要借助于双重所有格。如：a friend of mine 不能说成my a friend；It’s no fault of yours.不能说成 It’s no your fault.
构成方式：“of＋名词所有格或名词性物主代词”可构成双重所有格
例句：
So far，I have read a few articles of Li’s.
到目前为止，我已经读过了李的几篇文章。
I happened to meet a friend of my mother’s.
我碰巧遇到我母亲的一位朋友。
3.名词的常用后缀
-ence exist-existence accept-acceptance
-tion product-production express-expression
-ment develop-development blind-blindness
-sure please-pleasure depart-departure
-age marriage
-th width
-dom wisdom
.......
4.补充
数词加名词构成复合形容词
数词 名词；或数词 名词 形容词，构成复合形容词。
如：nine story (九层楼的)；120 mile (120英里的)
five year old (五岁的)；200 foot long(200英尺长的)
几个特殊词的用法
1.dozen，hundred，thousand，million，billion等词表达“准确数”时，词尾不加“s”，后不用of。如：
Up to now，they have learned more than three thousand Chinese characters.
到目前为止，他们已经学了三千多个汉字了。
2.dozens of /scores of /hundreds of / thousands of /millions of等，表示“大约数目”，在其后加“s”，后面用of。如：
Scores of people were late for the meeting.
数十人开会迟到了。
Hundreds of thousands of people poured into the square.
成千上万的人涌入广场。
Dozens of students were present for the meeting.
数十个学生参加了那个会议。
一.单句语法填空
1.—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.
—I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my________(apologize)．
2．One of the most effective ways to reduce________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
3．There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________(think) and then let me know.
4．When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his________and had a bad fall.
5．She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ (代表，象征) in last year's election.
6．We'll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little________(patient)．
7．Barbara is in her late forties and has a________(tend) to complain about what she doesn't feel content with.
8．Compared to the older generation，young migrant workers have less________(affect) for the countryside and farmlands.
9．The doctor told Mary that too much________(expose) to the sun is bad for the skin.
10．—It's really a surprise that the manager should have no idea about the plan.
—Of course he doesn't，for the plan was made in his________(absent)．
二.单句改错
1. What a lot of works I have to finish today!
2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen.
3. What a beautiful weather we are having recently!
4. Most of them are woman doctors.
5. He wrote a three-hundred-words report.
6. There are four baskets of apple in that room.
7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan.
8. Mr. Zhang looks very happy today. He has got many good news from
here.
9. This hat of my father's is rather old.
10.He made many mistakes in his composition because of careless.
6.apple-apples 7.thousands-thousand 8.many-much 9.father's-father 10.carelessness
考点
1.名词的数
a如何区分可数不可数
b可数名词的数的表达
c不可数名词数的表达
d表达名词数量的修饰词语
2.名词的所有格
3.名词的常用后缀
4.补充
1.名词的数
a如何区分可数不可数
分类法
名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。其中专有名词指具体的人物、地点、机构、国家或地区的名称等，不能随便更改。普通名词则较为复杂，它分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词分为个体名词和集体名词；不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
一分为二法
不可数meat, rice, water, milk, orange
可数：apple,banana,book,cup,desk
死记硬背法-10大绝对不可数名词
work 工作 weather 天气 transportation 交通
news 消息 information 信息 advice 建议
progress 进步 music 音乐 fan 有趣 furniture家具
b可数名词的数的表达
单数变复数的规则变化
单数变复数的不规则变化
规则变化
penny(便士)也有两种复数形式，但含义不同，pence指“价值”，而pennies则指“便士的枚数”。
单数变复数的不规则变化
（1）变内部元音
foot-feet man-men
woman-women tooth-teeth
mouse-mice goose-geese
getleman-gentlemen
(2)单复数同行的复数形式
sheep deer spacecraft aircraft
Chinese Japanese Swiss means
crossroads series works head
species headquarter
(3)外来名词的复数形式
criterion-criteria
phenomenon-phenomena
anylasis-analyses
basis-bases
crisis-crises
thesis-theses
bacterium-bacteria
medium-media
4.不可数名词的量的表达
1.用“数词+单位名词+of”表示不可数名词具体的量。
a cup of tea a pound of meat
The professor gave him two pieces of advice after class.
2.用much, a lot of,a little,little,some,plenty of,a great deal of等表示不可数名词大概的量。
I have some/much money.
There is plenty of room in my bag.
例外：抽象名词具体化
hair全部头发(不可数) a few white hairs几根白头发(可数)
help 帮助(不可数)；帮手，助手(可数)
experience经验(不可数)；经历(可数)
work工作(不可数)；作品，著作(可数)
paper纸(不可数)；文件，论文，试卷(可数)
surprise惊讶(不可数)；令人惊奇的事情(可数)
注意：a tea＝a cup of tea，two teas＝two cups of tea；
a coffee＝a cup of coffee，two coffees＝two cups of coffee
有些抽象名词用复数形式，表示各种各样的。如：fruits各种水果，equipments各种器材，设备，foods各种食物，waters水域，gases各种气体，teas各种茶等。
注意： 有些物质名词和抽象名词的复数形式表示特殊的含义。如：time时间→times时代，次数，倍数，look看→looks外貌，green绿色→greens青菜，brain脑→brains头脑，脑筋，good益处→goods货物，sand沙→sands沙滩，沙漠等。
d表达名词数量的修饰词语
只能修饰可数名词的词语有: many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of等
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.
只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: this, that, little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等
He always has a great amount of work to do.
既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定),a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数),quantities of (其后谓语用复数) all, some, enough等
A great quantity of flowers were placed in the hall.
There is a great quantity of food in the cupboard.
2.名词所有格
定义：
表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 ’s来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。
例如：men’s room 男厕所a mile’s distance 一英里的距离 // a stone’s throw 一步之遥 // the moon’s light 月光
但如果该名词是以-s或-es结尾，则只在该名词后加“’”来构成所有格。例如：3 hours’ walk 三小时的路程 // five minutes’ walk 五分钟路程 // two miles’ distance 两英里的距离
2.名词所有格
构成方式：
名词所有格作定语有两种。
(1)名词词尾加“’s”
(2)介词of加名词
名词词尾加“’s”的所有格
1．“’s”用于非s结尾的单、复数名词之后。如：a man’s job；a child’s voice；the bird’s mouth；women’s clothes；the people’s choice等。
2．在以s 结尾的复数名词后，只用“’”。如：the Greens’car；the girls’ teacher等。
3．复合名词在整个词后加“’s”。如：my sister in law’s father；each other’s shortcomings；somebody else’s book，Henry the Eighth’s wives等。
4.部分节日名称用名词复数的所有格，而且前面不用冠词the。如：Women’s Day，Teachers’ Day，Children’s Day等。
注意： Father’s Day 和Mother’s Day 用单数的所有格。
5.有些名词所有格表示地点。如：at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所里；at the barber’s 在理发店；at Mr.Green’s在格林先生的家；to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家等。
6.如果一样东西为两个人共同拥有时，只在最后一个人名后加“’s”；如果各有一个，则两个人名后都加“’s”。
Tom and Mary’s father 汤姆和玛丽的父亲(二人共有一个父亲)
Tom’s and Mary’s room 汤姆的房间和玛丽的房间(二人分别有一个)
of所有格用法
凡不能加’s的名词，都可以与of构成短语，来表示所有关系。无生命名词的所有格也可以这么用。例如：
Does anyone know the title of the novel？有谁知道这部小说的名字？
There is a tall maple tree at the end of the road．在这条路的尽头有一棵高高的枫树。
但有特殊情况：
This is a photo of my parents.
双重所有格
定义：在英语中，同一个名词前，冠词(a，an，the )，指示代词(this，that， these，those)，物主代词(my，your，his等)，以及不定代词(no，every，each等) 不能重复使用，如果要表示此种意思，就要借助于双重所有格。如：a friend of mine 不能说成my a friend；It’s no fault of yours.不能说成 It’s no your fault.
构成方式：“of＋名词所有格或名词性物主代词”可构成双重所有格
例句：
So far，I have read a few articles of Li’s.
到目前为止，我已经读过了李的几篇文章。
I happened to meet a friend of my mother’s.
我碰巧遇到我母亲的一位朋友。
3.名词的常用后缀
-ence exist-existence accept-acceptance
-tion product-production express-expression
-ment develop-development blind-blindness
-sure please-pleasure depart-departure
-age marriage
-th width
-dom wisdom
.......
4.补充
数词加名词构成复合形容词
数词 名词；或数词 名词 形容词，构成复合形容词。
如：nine story (九层楼的)；120 mile (120英里的)
five year old (五岁的)；200 foot long(200英尺长的)
几个特殊词的用法
1.dozen，hundred，thousand，million，billion等词表达“准确数”时，词尾不加“s”，后不用of。如：
Up to now，they have learned more than three thousand Chinese characters.
到目前为止，他们已经学了三千多个汉字了。
2.dozens of /scores of /hundreds of / thousands of /millions of等，表示“大约数目”，在其后加“s”，后面用of。如：
Scores of people were late for the meeting.
数十人开会迟到了。
Hundreds of thousands of people poured into the square.
成千上万的人涌入广场。
Dozens of students were present for the meeting.
数十个学生参加了那个会议。
一.单句语法填空
1.—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.
—I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my________(apologize)．
2．One of the most effective ways to reduce________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
3．There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________(think) and then let me know.
4．When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his________and had a bad fall.
5．She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ (代表，象征) in last year's election.
6．We'll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little________(patient)．
7．Barbara is in her late forties and has a________(tend) to complain about what she doesn't feel content with.
8．Compared to the older generation，young migrant workers have less________(affect) for the countryside and farmlands.
9．The doctor told Mary that too much________(expose) to the sun is bad for the skin.
10．—It's really a surprise that the manager should have no idea about the plan.
—Of course he doesn't，for the plan was made in his________(absent)．
二.单句改错
1. What a lot of works I have to finish today!
2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen.
3. What a beautiful weather we are having recently!
4. Most of them are woman doctors.
5. He wrote a three-hundred-words report.
6. There are four baskets of apple in that room.
7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan.
8. Mr. Zhang looks very happy today. He has got many good news from
here.
9. This hat of my father's is rather old.
10.He made many mistakes in his composition because of careless.
6.apple-apples 7.thousands-thousand 8.many-much 9.father's-father 10.carelessness