高一英语单元复习配套课件：Module5 A Lesson in a Lab （外研版必修1）

(共125张PPT)
Ⅲ. 句式填空
1. 倍数表达法
The earth is forty-nine times larger than (比……大49倍)the moon.
2. it作形式主语而不定式短语作真正的主语
It is hard to think of (很难想像)a world without metals.
3. 完全倒装句
Here is a table (这里有一张表)with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom.
4. “the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……, 就越……”
The closer (越近)you are, the more (越多)you’ll see.
Ⅳ. 教材设题
1. ______ of the earth’s surface ______ water.
A. Two-third; is B. Two-third; are
C. Two-thirds; is D. Two-thirds; are
【解析】选C。分数表达时, 分子是一分母不加s, 分子不是一分母需加s, 排除A、B; 分数作主语时, 其单复数依照其后的名词的单复数而定, 故选C。
2. The more books I read, ______ .
A. I learn the more information
B. I learn more information
C. the more information I learn
D. more information I learn
【解析】选C。考查“the+比较级, the+比较级”的结构。句意：我读的书越多, 我了解的信息就越多。
3. We need ______ more than that.
A. quite B. pretty C. rather D. very
【解析】选C。四个副词中只有rather能修饰比较级, 故选C。
4. In the last twenty years, seven Canadian scientists ______ the Nobel Prize!
A. win B. have won C. had won D. won
【解析】选B。由句中时间状语in the last twenty years可判断句子应用现在完成时, 故选B项。
1. Why not try to ______ your story into a novel
A. expend B. expand
C. expense D. expect
【解析】选B。expend意为“消费; 花费”; expand意为“扩大; 扩展”; expense为名词“消耗; 开支”; expect意为“期望; 料想”。根据句意应选B项, 表示“把你的故事扩展为一部小说”。
2. I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents’ ______ will be to my poor examination result.
［2011潍坊模拟］
A. expression B. reaction
C. appearance D. expectation
【解析】选B。句意：我真的有点担心, 因为我不知道我父母对我考得这么差会是什么反应。expression“表情”; reaction“反应”; appearance“外表”; expectation“期望”。
3. Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting.
[2008江西, 33]
A. normal B. ordinary
C. common D. typical
【解析】选D。句意：杰克又迟到了, 让别人等他是他的典型特点。typical“典型的”, 符合句意。normal“正常的, 正规的”; ordinary“普通的, 平常的”; common“共同的, 普及的”。it is typical of sb. to do sth. “做某事是某人的特点”。A、B、C均不符合句意。
4. A good leader should have the ability to ______ the pros and cons before making a final decision.
A. balance B. eliminate
C. approve D. oppose
【解析】选A。句意：一位好的领导者应该有能力在做最后决定前权衡利弊。balance“权衡”符合题意。eliminate“消除; 除去”; approve“赞成; 批准”; oppose“反对”。
1. Your daughter ______ the enjoyment of our visit.
［2011海口模拟］
A. adds up B. adds to
C. adds up to D. adds in
【解析】选B。考查add短语辨析。句意为：你女儿给我们的拜访增添了快乐。add up把……加起来; add to增加, 增添; add up to共计; add in无此搭配。结合句意, B项最佳。
2. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ______ .
［2007安徽, 25］
A. that used to be B. it is used to
C. it was used to D. it used to be
【解析】选D。考查used to的用法。句意是：据我看来, 21世纪的生活比过去容易多了。it常用来代替前面出现过的名词。为了避免重复, 可省略used to do中的do; 如果是to be时, be不可省略。
3. The message is very important, so it is supposed ______ as soon as possible.
［2008陕西, 11］
A. to be sent B. to send
C. being sent D. sending
【解析】选A。句意：这条信息很重要, 所以应该尽快发出去。be supposed to do sth. 为固定搭配, 表示“理应做某事”, 而且send与message之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故须用被动语态。
1. In that hilly area, 80% of the population ______ to earn their living by farming.
A. was said B. were thought
C. are reported D. has been told
【解析】选C。分数或百分数与population连用时, 谓语动词用复数形式, 故排除A、D。又从动词短语搭配上看无think sb. to do sth. 结构。故选择C。句意为：在那个山区, 据报道, 80%的人口以种地为生。
2. “When my husband died five years ago, ______ was difficult to go from ‘we’ to ‘me’, ” said Joe Kita to us.
［2011淄博模拟］
A. I B. that C. it D. which
【解析】选C。句意：Joe Kita对我们说“5年前当我丈夫去世时, 从’我们’到’我’转变是非常艰难的。”此处it作形式主语, 代替后面的不定式短语。
The ______ , I think, he drew from his simple experiment is not worth considering.
［2011昆明模拟］
A. conclusion B. effect
C. attention D. decision
【解析】选A。句意为：我认为他从简单的实验中得出的结论不值得考虑。draw a conclusion“得出结论”符合题意。
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
contract, mix, conclusion, aim, react, equipment, boil,
balance, astonish, float
1. Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from those of the past.
2. After taking the medicine, please drink more boiled water.
3. Hearing the bad news, everyone present had an astonished expression on each face.
4. We all know that a balanced diet is of great importance to our health.
5. At that time they transported wood by floating them down the river.
6. His speech caused powerful reactions among the audience.
7. He studied hard, aiming at passing the entrance exam.
8. The day was a mixture of sun and clouds.
9. From what he says I conclude that he hasn’t much interest in it.
10. In the 1980s, the economy contracted and many small businesses failed.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 吃一堑, 长一智。
Every failure one meets with adds to one’s experience.
2. 在语言教学方面有许多进展。
There are many developments in the area of language teaching.
3. 她对所获得的结果感到非常骄傲。
She was very proud of the result she had achieved.
4. 这种设备越轻就越贵。
The lighter the equipment is, the more expensive it is.
5. 我的房子是他房子的两倍大。
My house is twice as big as/twice the size of his.
6. 人人都该懂得法律, 但很少有人懂。
Everybody is supposed to know the law, but few people do.
7. 校长坐在大厅的前部。
At the front of the hall sat the headmaster .
8. 这是我过去常去游泳的小河。
This is the river where I used to go swimming.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. —I’ve studied gardening as a hobby. Could I make some suggestions
— ______ .
［2011锦州模拟］
A. Go ahead B. You will make it
C. Don’t mention it D. Take it easy
【解析】选A。考查情景交际。Go ahead“请说吧” , You will make it“你会成功的”, Don’t mention it“不客气”, Take it easy“不要紧张”。句意：——作为一种业余爱好我学了园艺学。我能提一些建议吗？——请说吧。
2. Look！The books on the shelf are out of ______ order. Let’s put them in ______ order, OK？
A. an; 不填 B. 不填; an
C. 不填; 不填 D. an; an
【解析】选C。out of order意为“无次序的”; put sth. in order意为“把……按顺序排好”。句意：看！书架上的书都乱了。我们把它们摆放整齐, 好吗？
3. Mr. Smith is one of the ______ customers to our restaurant.
［2011枣庄模拟］
A. ordinary B. regular
C. normal D. common
【解析】选B。句意：史密斯先生是我们饭店的常客之一。regular customer常客, 老主顾, 固定用法。
【举一反三】
My computer began to return to the ______ running state after I killed the virus.
A. normal B. ordinary
C. common D. general
【解析】选A。句意：我杀毒后, 电脑开始回到了正常的运转状态。normal“正常的”符合题意。ordinary“普通的; 平常的”; common“常见的; 共有的”; general“总体的; 一般的”。
4. My life has been blessed with many important occasions and achievements ______ I am proud.
A. of which B. in which
C. for that D. in that
【解析】选A。此题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。be proud of意为“以……为自豪”。句意为“我的生活非常幸运, 有许多我感到骄傲的重要事情和成就。”
5. The ______ look on his face told us that he felt ______ to be asked such a question.
A. astonished; astonished B. astonishing; astonished
C. astonished; astonishing D. astonishing; astonishing
【解析】选A。astonished意为“吃惊的, 惊愕的”, 修饰人的特征, 句中的look是人的感觉的体现, 因此也用astonished。句意：他脸上惊讶的表情告诉我们, 被问及这样的问题, 他感到很吃惊。
6. —What conclusion do you draw from the experiment
—Metals ______ when heated.
A. expand B. lengthen
C. widen D. spread
【解析】选A。expand意为“膨胀”; lengthen意为“加长”; widen意为“变宽”; spread意为“扩展”。句意：——你从这个实验中得出什么结论？——金属受热膨胀。
7. Americans eat ______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
［2011杭州模拟］
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
【解析】选D。句意：美国人现在每天每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。考查倍数表达法：倍数+as much+n. +as. . . 。注意若选C应去掉many后的as。
8. —Is there a hospital here
—No, but there ______ .
［2011海口模拟］
A. would B. used to
C. used to be D. ought to
【解析】选C。句意：——这里有医院吗？——没有, 但过去曾经有过。表示今昔对比不用would而用used to; used to后若跟do可省略, 但跟be时不能省略。
9. Alice, you were supposed ______ your paper by last Sunday. Why haven’t you finished it yet
A. to finishing B. to have finished
C. finishing D. having finished
【解析】选B。be supposed to do sth. 意为“应当; 理应”。be supposed to have finished相当于should have finished, 意为“本来应该完成而实际上没有”。句意为“爱丽丝, 你为什么还没完成论文？你上个周日就应该完成了。”
10. Though injured, the bear ______ he took aim rushed at him.
A. at which B. to which
C. for which D. in which
【解析】选A。句意：尽管受了伤, 但被他瞄准的那头熊向他冲过来。take aim at“瞄准; 对准”符合题意。
11. I’ll publish my results only when I have ______ my research.
［2011黄冈模拟］
A. concerned B. connected
C. conducted D. concluded
【解析】选D。句意：当我结束研究时, 我将会公布研究结果。conclude“结束”符合题意。concern“关心; 涉及”; connect“联系”; conduct“指导”。
12. That night I felt especially lazy and went to bed ______ earlier than usual.
A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. so
【解析】选B。句意是“那天晚上我觉得特别懒散, 睡得比平常早”。四个备用选项中只有rather可修饰比较级。
【方法技巧】
比较等级修饰词小结
本题考查比较等级的修饰词, 在表示“相当; 很; 非常”意义的fairly, quite, pretty, rather, very几个词中, 只有rather能和比较级连用, 也只有rather能修饰too。
下面就比较级几个需要注意的问题提出来供大家参考：
1. 比较级重复。
He got up more earlier than I did yesterday.
句中early已经加了-er, 前面就不能再加more。
2. 比较的范围。
He is taller than all the students in his class.
句中all the students也包括he, 他不可能比他自己高, 因此应该用all the other students。
3. 比较级可用来表示最高级。
I have never spent a more worrying day.
句意为：我从来没有度过比这更令人焦急的一天, 即这一天是我迄今为止所度过的最焦急的一天。
13. Our teacher always tells us, “ ______ , the more learned we become”.
A. We read the more books
B. The more we read books
C. The more books do we read
D. The more books we read
【解析】选D。此题考查“the+比较级……, the+比较级……”结构, 被修饰的名词跟在形容词比较级后, 后跟陈述语序。句意为“我们老师总是告诉大家：‘我们书读得越多, 就越有学问。’”
14. If you ______ his wife’s income ______ his own, the total of their income ______ 3, 000 yuan.
［2011福州模拟］
A. add; to; will add up to B. add; to; adds to
C. add up; to; adds up to D. will add; for; adds up
【解析】选A。句意：如果你把他妻子的收入和他自己的收入加在一起, 他们的收入共计3 000元。第一句考查add. . . to. . . “把……与……加在一起”; 第二句空格内表示“总数共计”。
15. I ______ in the house which ______ books and magazines.
A. am used to live; used to keeping
B. used to live; has been used to keeping
C. having been used to living; was used to keep
D. used to live; is used to keep
【解析】选D。句意：我过去曾经在现在存放书和杂志的房子里住过。第一个空表示“过去住过”要用used to do sth. 的形式; 第二个空表示“被用来做……”要用be used to do的形式。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
［2011合肥模拟］
An Experiment
Materials: Newspaper, ‘ACE’hardware ruler(1/8" thick), a flat table.
Purposes: We’ll show that there is air pressure pushing on us, from every direction while we’re on Earth.
Procedure:
First put a thin ruler on a flat
table with a little less than half of
it hanging off the edge of the table
(see the drawing on the right). Next place a sheet of newspaper over the ruler flat against the table. Make sure to have as little air as possible under the paper so that the fold line of the newspaper is at the ruler. Then quickly strike the end of the ruler hanging off the edge of the table. If you strike it quick enough, the ruler will break near the table edge.
What’s going on
The Earth is covered in a layer of air that is nearly 80 miles thick and at sea level exerts or “pushes” hard almost 15 pounds of pressure per square inch. That means that a full sheet of newspaper laid out flat has nearly 9, 300 pounds of air above it.
When you break the ruler above, you are able to break it because of the “heavy” air pushing down on the paper while you quickly strike the ruler. At first, the table is pushing back on the paper, and if you move the ruler quick enough, other air around the edges of the paper can’t get under the paper fast enough, so you are trying to lift that 9, 300 pounds with the ruler！Some air gets under the paper, but not enough, so the ruler breaks.
【文章大意】本文介绍了一个生活小实验, 证明在我们生活的这个地球上, 气压无处不在。
1. By doing the experiment, we may realize ______ .
A. that air exits everywhere
B. why there are directions
C. that we live with air pressure
D. how air helps on Earth
【解析】选C。考查细节理解。文章Purposes部分直接点明了做这个小实验的目的：证明在我们生活的这个地球上, 处处都有气压。由此判断选C。
2. How many steps are there in this experiment
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
【解析】选B。考查细节理解。从Procedure中的First, Next和Then可知这个小实验一共三步, 首先将一把很薄的尺子放在桌子上, 大约一半的尺子悬在桌子外沿, 然后将一张旧报纸盖在桌子上, 并尽量确保报纸下面的空气很少, 最后使劲打击尺子悬空的那头, 如果速度足够快, 那么尺子就会在沿着桌子的地方被打断。
3. The underlined word “exerts” probably means ______ .
A. covers completely B. advocates actively
C. influences gradually D. presses heavily
【解析】选D。考查猜测词义。划线词所在句子表示, 在海平面每平方英寸上面就有大约15磅的气压, 再结合or后面的“pushes” hard可知, 划线词的意思和D项最接近。
4. The ruler breaks under a quick strike mainly because of ______ .
A. the air pressure on the newspaper
B. the heavy weight of the newspaper
C. the heavy weight of the flat table
D. the strong power used on the ruler
【解析】选A。考查推理判断。最后一段解释了在使劲敲打尺子悬空的那头时它会断裂的原因——报纸表面的气压非常大。
Ⅴ. 任务型阅读
［2011铁岭模拟］
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
On a typical hot August day in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, Zeng Demei, a retired worker in his seventies, hurries down a busy street. In his hand is a black leather bag. Zeng opens his bag, taking out two forms. 1
Each of the forms contains detailed information of a student. On his arrival two hours later a woman greets him and leads him to her office where another man is waiting. They are the two village officials. They inspect the forms handed to them by Zeng and immediately recognize the girls. 2 . “It’s a pity but it doesn’t matter. ” says Zeng, who wastes no time in deciding to look for the remaining child, Su Qiuju.
After half an hour, they stop outside a small house made of mud brick. A middle-aged man and a girl in a faded pink dress greet them. Su Qiuju is eight years old. She was forced to drop out of school after both her parents died. She is now living with her uncle who cannot afford his own children’s education. However, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one. 3
When they are about to leave, Zeng says, “I must find a supporter for this girl to sponsor her education. ” Zeng has made it his retirement task to help children complete their schooling. Back in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the local women’s organization to help students from poor families. 4
His task had begun and since then he has spent his time persuading his friends and neighbors and others to donate money. “To me, children’s education is the most important. 5 I have to find sufficient funding before the school opens in September. ”
When asked how long he will keep up his vital work as the community’s guardian angel, he has a simple reply. “Not until my eyes can’t see, and my feet can’t move. ”
A. They were having problems with their schoolwork.
B. These are for the two girls he’s going to visit this morning.
C. They live in a small village not very far, though only one of the girls is still living at home.
D. She displayed a talent for handwriting, writing her three-character name neatly and beautifully.
E. The thought of students dropping out of school bothers me so much that I can’t get to sleep at night.
F. Of course, some people question why I would want to give up my retirement to go to so much trouble.
G. He was so overcome by the tough situation of many poor children that he donated all his money to help out a girl.
答案：1~5. BCDGE
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. Equipped（配备） with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from those of the past.
2. After taking the medicine, please drink more boiled（煮过的） water.
3. Hearing the bad news, everyone present had an astonished（吃惊的） expression.
4. We all know that a balanced（平衡的） diet is of great importance to our health.
5. At that time they transported wood by floating（使漂浮） them down the river.
6. His speech caused powerful reactions（反应） among the audience.
7. He studied hard, aiming（目标是，旨在） at passing the entrance exam.
8. The day was a mixture（混合物） of the sun and clouds.
9. From what he says I conclude（得出结论） that he hasn’t much interest in it.
10. In the 1980s, the economy contracted（收缩） and many small businesses failed.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 吃一堑，长一智。
Every failure one meets with adds to one’s experience.
2. 在语言教学方面有许多进展。
There are many developments in the area of language teaching.
3. 她对所获得的结果感到非常骄傲。
She was very proud of the result she had achieved.
4. 这种设备越轻就越贵。
The lighter the equipment is, the more expensive it is.
5. 我的房子是他房子的两倍大。
My house is twice as big as/twice the size of his.
6. 人人都该懂得法律，但很少有人懂。
Everybody is supposed to know the law, but few people do.
7. 校长坐在大厅的前部。
At the front of the hall sat the headmaster .
8. 这是我过去常去游泳的小河。
This is the river where I used to go swimming.
Ⅲ. 语法和词汇知识
1. —I’ve studied gardening as a hobby. Could I make some suggestions
— _____ .
A. Go ahead B. You will make it
C. Don’t mention it D. Take it easy
【解析】选A。考查情景交际。Go ahead“请说吧” ， You will make it“你会成功的”， Don’t mention it“不客气”， Take it easy“不要紧张”。句意：——作为一种业余爱好我学了园艺学。我能提一些建议吗？——请说吧。
2. Look！The books on the shelf are out of _____ order. Let’s put them in _____ order, OK？
A. an; 不填 B. 不填；an
C. 不填；不填 D. an; an
【解析】选C。out of order意为“无次序的”；put sth. in order意为“把……按顺序排好”。句意：看！书架上的书都乱了。我们把它们摆放整齐，好吗？
3. Mr. Smith is one of the _____ customers to our restaurant.
A. ordinary B. regular C. normal D. common
【解析】选B。句意：史密斯先生是我们饭店的常客之一。regular customer常客，老主顾，固定用法。
【举一反三】
My computer began to return to the _____ running state after I killed the virus.
A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. general
【解析】选A。句意：我杀毒后，电脑开始回到了正常的运转状态。normal“正常的”符合题意。ordinary“普通的；平常的”；common“常见的；共有的”；general“总体的；一般的”。
4. My life has been blessed with many important occasions and achievements _____ I am proud.
A. of which B. in which C. for that D. in that
【解析】选A。此题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。be proud of意为“以……为自豪”。句意为“我的生活非常幸运，有许多我感到骄傲的重要事情和成就。”
5. The _____ look on his face told us that he felt _____ to be asked such a question.
A. astonished; astonished B. astonishing; astonished
C. astonished; astonishing D. astonishing; astonishing
【解析】选A。astonished意为“吃惊的，惊愕的”，修饰人的特征，句中的look是人的感觉的体现，因此也用astonished。句意：他脸上惊讶的表情告诉我们，被问及这样的问题，他感到很吃惊。
6. —What conclusion do you draw from the experiment
—Metals _____ when heated.
A. expand B. lengthen C. widen D. spread
【解析】选A。expand意为“膨胀”；lengthen意为“加长”；widen意为“变宽”；spread意为“扩展”。句意：——你从这个实验中得出什么结论？——金属受热膨胀。
7. Americans eat _____ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
【解析】选D。句意：美国人现在每天每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。考查倍数表达法：倍数+as much+n. +as. . . 。注意若选C应去掉many后的as。
8. —Is there a hospital here
—No, but there _____ .
［2011青岛模拟］
A. would B. used to
C. used to be D. ought to
【解析】选C。句意：——这里有医院吗？——没有，但过去曾经有过。表示今昔对比不用would而用used to；used to后若跟do可省略，但跟be时不能省略。
9. Alice, you were supposed _____ your paper by last Sunday. Why haven’t you finished it yet
A. to finishing B. to have finished
C. finishing D. having finished
【解析】选B。be supposed to do sth. 意为“应当；理应”。be supposed to have finished相当于should have finished，意为“本来应该完成而实际上没有”。句意为“爱丽丝，你为什么还没完成论文？你上个周日就应该完成了。”
10. Though injured, the bear _____ he took aim rushed at him.
A. at which B. to which
C. for which D. in which
【解析】选A。句意：尽管受了伤，但被他瞄准的那头熊向他冲过来。take aim at“瞄准；对准”符合题意。
11. I’ll publish my results only when I have _____ my research.
［2011黄冈模拟］
A. concerned B. connected C. conducted D. concluded
【解析】选D。句意：当我结束研究时，我将会公布研究结果。conclude“结束”符合题意。concern“关心；涉及”；connect“联系”；conduct“指导”。
12. That night I felt especially lazy and went to bed _____ earlier than usual.
A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. so
【解析】选B。句意是“那天晚上我觉得特别懒散，睡得比平常早”。四个备用选项中只有rather可修饰比较级。
【方法技巧】比较等级修饰词小结
本题考查比较等级的修饰词，在表示“相当；很；非常”意义的fairly, quite, pretty, rather, very几个词中，只有rather能和比较级连用，也只有rather能修饰too。
下面就比较级几个需要注意的问题提出来供大家参考：
1. 比较级重复。
He got up more earlier than I did yesterday.
句中early已经加了-er，前面就不能再加more。
2. 比较的范围。
He is taller than all the students in his class.
句中all the students也包括he，他不可能比他自己高，因此应该用all the other students。
3. 比较级可用来表示最高级。
I have never spent a more worrying day.
句意为：我从来没有度过比这更令人焦急的一天，即这一天是我迄今为止所度过的最焦急的一天。
13. Our teacher always tells us，“ _____ ，the more learned we become”.
A. We read the more books
B. The more we read books
C. The more books do we read
D. The more books we read
【解析】选D。此题考查“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”结构，被修饰的名词跟在形容词比较级后，后跟陈述语序。句意为“我们老师总是告诉大家：‘我们书读得越多，就越有学问。’”
14. If you _____ his wife’s income _____ his own, the total of their income _____ 3, 000 yuan.
A. add; to; will add up to B. add; to; adds to
C. add up; to; adds up to D. will add; for; adds up
【解析】选A。句意：如果你把他妻子的收入和他自己的收入加在一起，他们的收入共计3 000元。第一句考查add. . . to. . . “把……与……加在一起”；第二句空格内表示“总数共计”。
15. I _____ in the house which _____ books and magazines.
［2011宝鸡模拟］
A. am used to live; used to keeping
B. used to live; has been used to keeping
C. having been used to living; was used to keep
D. used to live; is used to keep
【解析】选D。句意：我过去曾经在现在存放书和杂志的房子里住过。第一个空表示“过去住过”要用used to do sth. 的形式；第二个空表示“被用来做……”要用be used to do的形式。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
An Experiment
Materials: Newspaper，‘ACE’ hardware ruler（1/8" thick），a flat table.
Purposes: We’ll show that there is air pressure pushing on us, from every direction while we’re on Earth.
Procedure:
First put a thin ruler on a flat
table with a little less than half of it
hanging off the edge of the table
（see the drawing on the right）. Next place a sheet of newspaper over the ruler flat against the table. Make sure to have as little air as possible under the paper so that the fold line of the newspaper is at the ruler. Then quickly strike the end of the ruler hanging off the edge of the table. If you strike it quick enough, the ruler will break near the table edge.
What’s going on
The Earth is covered in a layer of air that is nearly 80 miles thick and at sea level exerts or “pushes” hard almost 15 pounds of pressure per square inch. That means that a full sheet of newspaper laid out flat has nearly 9, 300 pounds of air above it.
When you break the ruler above, you are able to break it because of the “heavy” air pushing down on the paper while you quickly strike the ruler. At first, the table is pushing back on the paper, and if you move the ruler quick enough, other air around the edges of the paper can’t get under the paper fast enough, so you are trying to lift that 9, 300 pounds with the ruler！Some air gets under the paper, but not enough, so the ruler breaks.
【文章大意】本文介绍了一个生活小实验，证明在我们生活的这个地球上，气压无处不在。
1. By doing the experiment, we may realize _____ .
A. that air exits everywhere
B. why there are directions
C. that we live with air pressure
D. how air helps on Earth
【解析】选C。考查细节理解。文章Purposes部分直接点明了做这个小实验的目的：证明在我们生活的这个地球上，处处都有气压。由此判断选C。
2. How many steps are there in this experiment
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
【解析】选B。考查细节理解。从Procedure中的First, Next和Then可知这个小实验一共三步，首先将一把很薄的尺子放在桌子上，大约一半的尺子悬在桌子外沿，然后将一张旧报纸盖在桌子上，并尽量确保报纸下面的空气很少，最后使劲打击尺子悬空的那头，如果速度足够快，那么尺子就会在沿着桌子的地方被打断。
3. The underlined word “exerts” probably means _____ .
A. covers completely B. advocates actively
C. influences gradually D. presses heavily
【解析】选D。考查猜测词义。划线词所在句子表示，在海平面每平方英寸上面就有大约15磅的气压，再结合or后面的“pushes” hard可知，划线词的意思和D项最接近。
4. The ruler breaks under a quick strike mainly because of ______ .
A. the air pressure on the newspaper
B. the heavy weight of the newspaper
C. the heavy weight of the flat table
D. the strong power used on the ruler
【解析】选A。考查推理判断。最后一段解释了在使劲敲打尺子悬空的那头时它会断裂的原因——报纸表面的气压非常大。
Ⅴ. 任务型阅读
［2011宝鸡模拟］
根据短文内容，从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
A．Keep yourself energetic with more rest
B．Try your best to do more
C．Take on tasks one at a time
D．Achieve your goal item by item to hit the “sweet spot”
E．Think positively about time
F．Make an effort to do less
In our daily life, we often come across such a situation where piles of affairs are pouring at us so that we have to rush off our feet and even burn the candle at both ends．Thus, we feel extremely stressed．Here fire some pieces of advice for us to deal with the situation．
1．
We think we are reducing stress by accomplishing （完成） more than one thing at a time, when in fact, we are causing ourselves more stress than ever．Stress-busting tip: leave multitasking to your personal computer．Do one thing at a time, do it well, and move on to the next item on your list．That’s the best way to regain a sense of control over time．
2．
Think for a moment about where in your life you are spending valuable time on something that you could possibly live without．Think about getting away from the TV and computer screens that are mental vampires（吸血鬼）, sucking the life out of us by stealing our time and attention． By doing less and by carefully choosing which activities give you the least amount of benefit for the time commitment （保证） they require, you’ll actually end up creating more time in your day．
3．
Make a list of four things that you would like to accomplish today．Keep the list with you．And stay with each item until you have completed it．Then go to the next item on your list and repeat the process．Keep doing this until you’ve gotten to the end of your list．Most of us place overwhelming（巨大的） demands on ourselves, or we expect far too little of ourselves．The goal is to hit the “sweet spot（最有效点）, ” where our expectations of what we can accomplish in any given 24 hour period are in line with reality．If you’re afraid that you won’t accomplish all four things, well, that’s why they invented tomorrow!
4．
Most of us constantly have our fingers on the fast-forward button, when we really need to hit the pause button for a while．Every time we add another activity or responsibility to our lives, we generally take the time （花时间） for that activity out of our sleep．We can only carry on not sleeping enough for a while before it catches up with us, causing all sorts of health disorders, including a terrible sense of frustration and stress．
5．
We all know how weeds can overtake （占领） a garden, so it is our job constantly to notice and uproot any negative thoughts in the garden that is our mind．As a result, positive thoughts can take root, bloom, and create the beauty that we need in order to enjoy our lives to the fullest．If you hear yourself saying, “ I don’t have enough time, ” then say, and preferably out loud, “I have all the time I need for all the things I need to do．”A declaration（宣布） like that has a relaxing and liberating effect on every cell in your body, which relieves tension．
答案：1~5. CFDAE