高一英语单元复习配套课件：Module5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China （外研版必修3）

(共112张PPT)
Ⅲ. 句式填空
1. in the way+定语从句
Treat others in the way you want to be treated (以你想被别人对待的方式).
2. where引导的定语从句
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other (各诸侯国之间经常发生战争).
3. the reason why. . . ……的原因
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals (人不同于动物的原因) is that man is good.
4. “no+比较级+than”同……一样不……
Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were no faster than (同……一样不快)a horse.
Ⅳ. 教材设题
1. Mencius’s ideas were very similar to ______ of Confucius.
A. that B. one C. those D. ones
【解析】选C。此处those指代ideas, 特指孔子的思想。若选D, 要把D项改为 the ones才对。
2. For many years he travelled from state to state, ______ the principles of Confucius.
A. taught B. to teach
C. having taught D. teaching
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。此处teaching the principles of Confucius作伴随状语, 句子主语he与teach这一动作之间是逻辑上的主动关系, 且此动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生, 所以要用v.-ing形式的一般式。having taught指teach这一动作发生在谓语动作之前, 动词不定式不表示伴随。因而正确答案为D项。
3. But it was also a time ______ there were many great philosophers.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。被修饰的先行词a time表示“一个时期”, 又因后面的定语从句中缺少表示时间的状语, 故选B。when相当于in which。
4. Often, the reason ______ people are unhappy is ______ they do not have enough love.
A. why; because B. why; that
C. which; because D. which; that
【解析】选B。第一个空需要关系副词why, why people are unhappy是定语从句修饰the reason, why相当于for which。第二个空填that, that they do not have enough love是that引导的表语从句, 陈述the reason的内容。
5. —They say that you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.
— ______ , then my friend Peter Ling is a bit mad. He’s an inventor.
A. If possible B. If not
C. If any D. If so
【解析】选D。考查省略的用法。if possible如果可能的话; if not如果不; if any如果有一些的话; if so如果这样。句意: ——据说一个人要想成为发明家要有点疯狂。——如果这样的话, 那么我的朋友Peter Ling就有点疯狂, 他是一个发明家。
1. It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.
［2011哈尔滨模拟］
A. situation B. expression
C. condition D. translation
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。situation情景, 形势; expression表达, 表情; condition状况, 环境, 条件; translation翻译。句意: 在语言学习中我们要根据情景使用单词或短语, 这是非常重要的。
2. Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ______ importance are skills.
［2011长沙模拟］
A. fair B. reasonable
C. equal D. proper
【解析】选C。考查形容词。fair公平的; reasonable合理的; equal平等的; proper适当的。句意: 在体育运动中健康非常重要, 但技能至少也同等重要。of at least equal importance are skills是倒装句, 正常的语序是skills are of at least equal importance。
3. 完成句子
(1)他命令战士们开火。
He ordered the soldiers to fire .
(2)他们要求每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵树。
They ordered that for every tree cut down two more (should) be planted .
1. They had been at ______ war for five years, and there was still no ______ sign of victory.
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
【解析】选C。考查冠词与固定搭配。be at war处于交战状态, 是固定短语, 中间没有冠词。sign虽然是可数名词, 但其前面有no, 就不需要冠词了。因为no=not a/not any。
2. He is a cutler(刀具商)— ______ , a man who sells knives and sharp tools.
A. in conclusion B. in general
C. what’s more D. that is to say
【解析】选D。句意：他是个刀具商——也就是说, 他是一个卖刀和锋利器具的人。in conclusion总之; in general一般说来; what’s more而且; that is to say也就是说。
1. The reason ______ I explained for three days’ leave was ______ my sick mother needed my care.
A. why; that B. which; that
C. why; because D. which; because
【解析】选B。第一个空填关系代词which是因为此处定语从句中谓语动词explained缺少宾语, which在此处指代the reason且引导定语从句, which I explained for three days’ leave。第二个空填that, 此处that引导的表语从句指the reason的内容。
2. The reason ______ Malcolm didn’t study art was ______ his father didn’t want him to.
A. why; that B. why; because
C. for; because D. of; which
【解析】选A。考查the reason why. . . is that. . . 句式。其中why引导定语从句, that 引导表语从句。句意为：Malcolm没有学习艺术的原因是他的父亲不想让他学。
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空
equal, important, influence, honest, contribute, invent,
argument, free, kindness, resign
1. He was awarded a prize for his contribution to world peace.
2. Women are still struggling for true equality with men.
3. They said the greatest virtues in a politician were correctness and honesty .
4. He is one of the most influential figures in the government.
5. We have always stressed the importance of economic reform.
6. Inventions like the computer changed the way people lived.
7. Would you be kind enough to help me
8. We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.
9. Today we have the freedom to decide our own futures.
10. Mr. Robb resigned his position last month.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 这位老人抚养了一百多位孤儿。
The old man has brought up more than 100 orphans.
2. 这就是那位发明家住过的房子。
This is the house where/in which the inventor lived.
3. 你认为这两个国家还会交战多长时间？
How long do you think the two countries will be at war with each other
4. 我引以为豪的儿子结果没有考上大学。
My son who/whom I was proud of/of whom I was proud failed to be admitted to a college.
5. 他的公司为我们的工业发展做出了很大贡献。
His company made a great contribution to the development of our industry.
6. 总之, 我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。
In conclusion , I’d like to thank you for all you’ve done for me.
7. 我买这本书的原因是它是关于历史的。
The reason why I bought the book was that it was about history.
8. 我们要相信人生来是平等的。
We should believe that man is born equal .
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. There are cases ______ the word “school” is used as a verb.
［2011宁波模拟］
A. that B. when C. where D. which
【解析】选C。考查定语从句中的关系词。此处where the word “school” is used as a verb是定语从句修饰前面的先行词cases, where相当于in which, 表示“在这些情况中”。
【方法技巧】
如何选择引导定语从句的关系词
定语从句在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 被修饰的名词(词组)或代词是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后, 由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有: who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有: when, where, why等。关系代词与关系副词有双重的作用: 一方面起连词的作用, 连接从句使之与主句发生关系, 另一方面它在句中起一定的句
法作用(关系代词可作主语和宾语; 关系副词可作状语)。所以, 在选择关系词时, 首先看先行词, 然后再看定语从句中缺少的成分。例如:
I know the girl that/who attended the party.
此处that/who在从句中作主语, 指the girl。
My hometown is a place where/in which kites are made.
此处where在定语从句中作状语, 表示“在这个地方”, 也可以换成in which。关系副词通常都相当于“介词+关系代词”。
2. The chairman was forced to ______ because of being charged with abuse of power.
A. retire B. resign C. reserve D. respond
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。retire退休; resign辞职; reserve预订, 保留; respond回答, 回应。句意：因为被指控滥用职权, 这位主席被迫辞职。
【举一反三】
We had to ______ fate, seeing that we could do nothing to help ourselves.
A. resign ourselves to B. bury ourselves to
C. apply ourselves to D. devote ourselves to
【解析】选A。句意：由于我们无法自助, 只好听天由命了。resign oneself to. . . 表示“听任摆布, 只好……”。符合语境要求。
3. While large numbers of residents in this area ______ this rare disease, very few suffered death.
［2011合肥模拟］
A. picked up B. took up
C. brought up D. caught up
【解析】选A。考查动词短语。pick up拾起, 收听, (偶然)学得, 染上(习惯、病等); take up开始从事, 占据, 拿起; bring up抚养, 提出; catch up赶上。句意: 虽然这个地区的很多居民患上了这种罕见病, 但几乎没有人死亡。根据句意选A。
4. You are certain to realize your dream _____ you make great efforts and lay emphasis on improvements in efficiency.
A. on condition that B. for fear that
C. even though D. in case
【解析】选A。考查固定短语。on condition that如果, 条件是; for fear that惟恐; even though即使, 尽管; in case万一。句意: 如果你努力且把重点放在提高效率上, 你一定会实现梦想。
5. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ______ of their parents.
A. those B. one C. both D. that
【解析】选D。考查代词。此处that指代前面的approach。that既可指代可数名词单数也可指代不可数名词。若选B, 要把B项改为the one, 特指他们父母的那种方法。
6. We often ______ the importance of honesty when getting along with others.
A. speak B. talk C. stress D. tell
【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。stress the importance of是固定短语, 表示“强调……的重要性”。句意：在与人相处时我们经常强调诚实的重要性。
7. Flood hit the small village, leaving it ______ .
A. in bad state B. in a bad position
C. on no condition D. in bad condition
【解析】选D。句意: 洪水袭击了这个小村子, 使它的状况很不好。in bad condition=in a bad state表示“状况不好”。 in a bad position处于不好的位置或职位; on no condition决不。
8. Running a company calls for intelligence, patience and a lot of experience. ______ , it’s not a simple thing.
A. In conclusion B. On the other hand
C. First of all D. On the contrary
【解析】选A。考查固定短语。in conclusion总之; on the other hand另一方面; first of all首先; on the contrary相反。句意: 经营一家公司需要智力、耐心与大量的经验。总之, 这不是一件简单的事情。
9. ______ I learned to ride a bike, I fell off it many times.
A. The first time when B. For the first time
C. It was the first time D. The first time
【解析】选D。句意: 第一次我学骑自行车时, 我从自行车上掉下来很多次。此处the first time引导时间状语从句, 相当于when I learned to ride a bike for the first time. . . 。
10. Taking more exercise can ______ your health.
A. contribute to B. appeal to
C. apply to D. occur to
【解析】选A。考查动词短语。contribute to导致, 有助于; appeal to呼吁, 吸引; apply to应用于; occur to想起。句意: 多锻炼有助于你的健康。
11. All the things in the room were ______ , but she quickly put them ______ .
A. out of order; in order B. out of order; on order
C. in order; in order D. out of order; out of order
【解析】选A。out of order发生故障, 乱的; put. . . in order按顺序排好, 使……井井有条。句意: 房间里所有的东西都很乱, 但她很快就使一切井井有条。
12. Since man is born ______ , we should treat the man caught stealing ______ .
A. equally; equally B. equal; equal
C. equal; equally D. equally; equal
【解析】选C。考查形容词与副词。第一个空用形容词, equal作主语man的补足语, 表明主语的情况。第二个空填副词来修饰前面的动词treat。
13. No one hopes the two countries will be at ______ war, because ______ peace is what everyone wants.
A. the; the B. a; a
C. the; / D. /; /
【解析】选D。考查冠词。at war(在交战)是固定短语, 短语中没有冠词。第二个空不填冠词, 因为peace(和平)是不可数名词, 且在此处也不是特指, 所以其前面不需要加冠词。
14. He took advantage of his ______ friends to get into the civil service.
A. incredible B. accessible
C. influential D. essential
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。incredible难以置信的; accessible可以进入的; influential有影响的; essential表示“最重要的”, 通常作表语; 表示“基本的”, 通常作定语。句意: 他利用那些有权有势的朋友到政府行政部门任职。
15. He applied for the ______ of assistant manager but failed.
A. position B. situation
C. condition D. station
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。position位置, 职位; situation情景, 形势; condition状态, 条件, 环境; station车站。句意: 他申请经理助理的职位, 但失败了。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
There have been many natural
disasters since ancient times. In order
to fight against violence of nature and
improve people’s life, many scientists
created lots of inventions. Here is one
of them.
Zhang Heng(78 AD—139 AD) was a great astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Born in today’s Nanyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue his studying in the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several well-recognized literary writings. Much to everyone’s amazement, he switched to astronomy after age 30 and at last he succeeded.
In the year 123 he corrected the
calendar to bring it into line with the
seasons. In 132 Zhang Heng invented
the first seismograph(地震仪) for
measuring earthquakes. His device was in the shape of a
cylinder with eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth into a frog’s mouth, making a noise. He also invented the odometer(里程表).
Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe. In one of his publications he also submitted π= about 3. 1466. He made great contributions to the development of Chinese ancient mathematics.
【文章大意】本文主要讲了张衡的生平以及他做出的贡献。
1. What’s the passage about
A. Zhang Heng—a famous astronomer.
B. Modern scientists and their inventions.
C. Zhang Heng and his contributions.
D. Zhang Heng and his hobbies.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。全篇主要介绍张衡和他做出的贡献。A项内容尽管正确, 但较片面; B项内容与文章第一段内容不符。
2. When a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth into a frog’s mouth, the seismograph Zhang Heng invented would show ______ .
A. how many miles away there was an earthquake
B. a big fire occurred somewhere
C. earthquakes would happen all around the country
D. there might be an earthquake in this direction
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth into a frog’s mouth, making a noise. ”以及常识可知D项为正确答案。
3. Which is NOT true according to the passage
A. Zhang Heng did well in literary studies and writing.
B. Zhang Heng invented the calendar.
C. Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe.
D. Zhang Heng also put forward π= about 3. 1466.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据“In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons. ”可知B项与文章内容不符。A、C、D三项都正确。
4. The underlined word “submitted” in the last paragraph means ______ .
A. won B. rescued
C. repaired D. proposed
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。结合单词所在句子的语境可推测submitted应为“提出, 主张”的意思。
Ⅴ. 任务型阅读
［2011大庆模拟］
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Obtaining fresh water from icebergs
The idea of getting fresh water from icebergs that are moved to populated areas or places was once treated as a joke. Recently, scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food. 1
Glaciers are a possible source of fresh water that has been overlooked until recently. 2 It contains fresh water so much that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1, 000 years.
Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. 3 However, they are formed entirely on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction opposite to the wind. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. 4 The difficulty exists such as its rapid melting in warmer climates. 5
A. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes.
B. Now it is being considered quite serious by many nations.
C. 7, 659 trillion metric tons of ice are floating on the sea every year.
D. But the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced.
E. To move them to parts of the world would not be too difficult.
F. It is not a dream to get water from Icebergs. G. Three-quarters of the Earth’s fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice.
答案：1~5. BGAED
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. He was awarded a prize for his contribution（贡献） to world peace.
2. Women are still struggling for true equality（平等） with men.
3. They said the greatest virtues in a politician were correctness and honesty（诚实）.
4. He is one of the most influential（有影响的） figures in the government.
5. We have always stressed the importance（重要性） of economic reform.
6. Inventions（发明） like the computer changed the way people lived.
7. Would you be kind（善良的） enough to help me
8. We argued（争论） with the waiter about the price of the meal.
9. Today we have the freedom（自由） to decide our own futures.
10. Mr. Rob resigned（辞职，辞去） his position last month.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 这位老人抚养了一百多位孤儿。
The old man has brought up more than 100 orphans.
2. 这就是那位发明家住过的房子。
This is the house where/in which the inventor lived.
3. 你认为这两个国家还会交战多长时间？
How long do you think the two countries will be at war with each other
4. 我引以为豪的儿子结果没有考上大学。
My son who/whom I was proud of/of whom I was proud failed to be admitted to a college.
5. 他的公司为我们的工业发展做出了很大贡献。
His company made a great contribution to the development of our industry.
6. 总之，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。
In conclusion , I’d like to thank you for all you’ve done for me.
7. 我买这本书的原因是它是关于历史的。
The reason why I bought the book was that it was about history.
8. 我们要相信人生来是平等的。
We should believe that man is born equal .
Ⅲ. 语法和词汇知识
1. There are cases _____ the word “school” is used as a verb.
［2011宁波模拟］
A. that B. when
C. where D. which
【解析】选C。考查定语从句中的关系词。此处where the word “school” is used as a verb是定语从句修饰前面的先行词cases, where相当于in which, 表示“在这些情况中”。
【方法技巧】如何选择引导定语从句的关系词
定语从句在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 被修饰的名词（词组）或代词是先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后, 由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有: who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有: when, where, why等。关系代词与关系副词有双重的作用: 一方面起连词的作用, 连接从句使之与主句发生关系, 另一方面它在句中起一定的句法作用（关系代词可作主语和宾语; 关系副词可作状语）。所以, 在选择关系词时, 首先看先行词, 然后再看定语从句中缺少的成分。例如:
I know the girl that/who attended the party.
此处that/who在从句中作主语, 指the girl。
My hometown is a place where/in which kites are made.
此处where在定语从句中作状语, 表示“在这个地方”, 也可以换成in which。关系副词通常都相当于“介词+关系代词”。
2. The chairman was forced to _____ because of being charged with abuse of power.
A. retire B. resign
C. reserve D. respond
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。retire退休；resign辞职；reserve预订，保留；respond回答，回应。句意：因为被指控滥用职权，这位主席被迫辞职。
【举一反三】
We had to _____ fate, seeing that we could do nothing to help ourselves.
A. resign ourselves to B. bury ourselves to
C. apply ourselves to D. devote ourselves to
【解析】选A。句意：由于我们无法自助，只好听天由命了。resign oneself to. . . 表示“听任摆布，只好……”。符合语境要求。
3. While large numbers of residents in this area _____ this rare disease, very few suffered death.
［2011宝鸡模拟］
A. picked up B. took up
C. brought up D. caught up
【解析】选A。考查动词短语。pick up拾起, 收听, （偶然）学得, 染上（习惯、病等）; take up开始从事, 占据, 拿起; bring up抚养, 提出; catch up赶上。句意: 虽然这个地区的很多居民患上了这种罕见病, 但几乎没有人死亡。根据句意选A。
4. You are certain to realize your dream _____ you make great efforts and lay emphasis on improvements in efficiency.
A. on condition that B. for fear that
C. even though D. in case
【解析】选A。考查固定短语。on condition that如果, 条件是; for fear that惟恐; even though即使, 尽管; in case万一。句意: 如果你努力且把重点放在提高效率上, 你一定会实现梦想。
5. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _____ of their parents．
A．those B. one
C．both D．that
【解析】选D。考查代词。此处that指代前面的approach。that既可指代可数名词单数也可指代不可数名词。若选B，要把B项改为the one, 特指他们父母的那种方法。
6. We often _____ the importance of honesty when getting along with others.
A. speak B. talk
C. stress D. tell
【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。stress the importance of是固定短语, 表示“强调……的重要性”。句意：在与人相处时我们经常强调诚实的重要性。
7. Flood hit the small village, leaving it _____ .
A. in bad state B. in a bad position
C. on no condition D. in bad condition
【解析】选D。句意: 洪水袭击了这个小村子, 使它的状况很不好。in bad condition=in a bad state表示“状况不好”。 in a bad position处于不好的位置或职位; on no condition决不。
8. Running a company calls for intelligence, patience and a lot of experience. _____ , it’s not a simple thing.
A. In conclusion B. On the other hand
C. First of all D. On the contrary
【解析】选A。考查固定短语。in conclusion总之; on the other hand另一方面; first of all首先; on the contrary相反。句意: 经营一家公司需要智力、耐心与大量的经验。总之, 这不是一件简单的事情。
9. _____ I learned to ride a bike, I fell off it many times.
A. The first time when B. For the first time
C. It was the first time D. The first time
【解析】选D。句意: 第一次我学骑自行车时, 我从自行车上掉下来很多次。此处the first time引导时间状语从句, 相当于when I learned to ride a bike for the first time. . . 。
10. Taking more exercise can _____ your health.
A. contribute to B. appeal to
C. apply to D. occur to
【解析】选A。考查动词短语。contribute to导致, 有助于; appeal to呼吁，吸引; apply to应用于; occur to想起。句意: 多锻炼有助于你的健康。
11. All the things in the room were _____ , but she quickly put them _____ .
A. out of order; in order B. out of order; on order
C. in order; in order D. out of order; out of order
【解析】选A。out of order发生故障, 乱的; put. . . in order按顺序排好, 使……井井有条。句意: 房间里所有的东西都很乱, 但她很快就使一切井井有条。
12. Since man is born _____ , we should treat the man caught stealing _____ .
A. equally; equally B. equal; equal
C. equal; equally D. equally; equal
【解析】选C。考查形容词与副词。第一个空用形容词, equal作主语man的补足语, 表明主语的情况。第二个空填副词来修饰前面的动词treat。
13. No one hopes the two countries will be at _____ war, because _____ peace is what everyone wants.
A. the; the B. a; a
C. the; / D. /; /
【解析】选D。考查冠词。at war（在交战）是固定短语, 短语中没有冠词。第二个空不填冠词, 因为peace（和平）是不可数名词, 且在此处也不是特指, 所以其前面不需要加冠词。
14. He took advantage of his _____ friends to get into the civil service.
A. incredible B. accessible
C. influential D. essential
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。incredible难以置信的; accessible可以进入的; influential有影响的; essential表示“最重要的”, 通常作表语; 表示“基本的”, 通常作定语。句意: 他利用那些有权有势的朋友到政府行政部门任职。
15．He applied for the _____ of assistant manager but failed.
A. position B. situation
C. condition D. station
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。position位置, 职位; situation情景, 形势; condition状态, 条件, 环境; station车站。句意: 他申请经理助理的职位, 但失败了。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
There have been many natural
disasters since ancient times. In order
to fight against violence of nature and
improve people’s life, many scientists
created lots of inventions. Here is one
of them.
Zhang Heng(78 AD—139 AD)was a great astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Born in today’s Nanyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue his studying in the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several well-recognized literary writings. Much to everyone’s amazement, he switched to astronomy after age 30 and at last he succeeded.
In the year 123 he corrected the
calendar to bring it into line with the
seasons. In 132 Zhang Heng invented
the first seismograph(地震仪) for
measuring earthquakes. His device
was in the shape of a cylinder with
eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth into a frog’s mouth, making a noise. He also invented the odometer(里程表).
Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe. In one of his publications he also submitted π= about 3. 1466. He made great contributions to the development of Chinese ancient mathematics.
【文章大意】本文主要讲了张衡的生平以及他做出的贡献。
1. What’s the passage about
A. Zhang Heng—a famous astronomer.
B. Modern scientists and their inventions.
C. Zhang Heng and his contributions.
D. Zhang Heng and his hobbies.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。全篇主要介绍张衡和他做出的贡献。A项内容尽管正确, 但较片面; B项内容与文章第一段内容不符。
2. When a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth into a frog’s mouth, the seismograph Zhang Heng invented would show _____ .
A. how many miles away there was an earthquake
B. a big fire occurred somewhere
C. earthquakes would happen all around the country
D. there might be an earthquake in this direction
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth into a frog’s mouth, making a noise. ”以及常识可知D项为正确答案。
3. Which is NOT true according to the passage
A. Zhang Heng did well in literary studies and writing.
B. Zhang Heng invented the calendar.
C. Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe.
D. Zhang Heng also put forward π= about 3. 1466.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据“In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons. ”可知B项与文章内容不符。A、C、D三项都正确。
4．The underlined word “submitted” in the last paragraph means _____ .
A. won B. rescued
C. repaired D. proposed
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。结合单词所在句子的语境可推测submitted应为“提出，主张”的意思。
Ⅴ. 任务阅读
［2011宝鸡模拟］
根据短文内容，从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
A. What is dementia
B．A new opinion on the cause of disability
C．A study on disability problems of children
D．What should the World Health Organization do to solve the problem
E．A study on disability problems of the elderly
F．More attention should be paid to old people’s brain and mind diseases．
1．
The World Health Organization (WHO) says that blindness and other visual problems are the leading causes of disability of older people in low-and middle-income countries．However, some researchers disagree with WHO on this point．They made a study and found that the leading cause is dementia（痴呆）．
2．
Dementia is a loss of intellectual ability that affects memorizing, learning and thinking abilities and other language skills．People with dementia may forget family members or not know what day it is．Sometimes they become angry or sad, and they can often hear voices, or see things that are actually not there．
3．
Renata Sousa from the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London and other researchers made a new study．The study dealt with the causes of disability among fifteen thousand people aged over sixty-five in seven countries, which include China, India, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Mexico and Peru．The team found that dementia was the leading cause of disability of the elderly in areas except rural India and Venezuela．Other major causes were stroke, arthritis(关节炎), depression, visual problems and gastrointestinal(胃肠的) problems．
4．
In low-and middle-income countries, heart diseases and cancer get more attention than chronic(慢性的)diseases．However, researchers say that great importance should be given to chronic diseases of the brain and mind．As the population ages, the society will have to deal with more and more cases of dementia．The study shows that the elderly is nine percent of the total population in low-and middle-income countries today．However, the number is growing quickly．It is likely to reach twenty percent of the total population by the middle of the century．
5．
An article published in the Lancet medical journal dealt with a special issue on disability．It was a study on disability and children in eighteen low-and middle-income countries．It indicated that in almost half of the countries, children who were breast-fed were less likely to have a disability than those who were not．The same was true of those who had a deficiency of vitamin A and those who were underweight．Children who did not take part in early learning activities or attend school were also more likely to be disabled than those who did．
答案：1~5. BAEFC