高一英语单元复习配套课件：Module6 Old and New （外研版必修3）

(共145张PPT)
Ⅲ. 句式填空
1. It takes/took+时间段+to do做某事用多长时间
It took six years to build (花费了6年时间建成) and cost US $ 20 billion.
2. it作形式主语, 动词不定式作真正的主语
Is it possible to see the relics (还有可能看到这些遗迹吗) now that they have been submerged
3. the+序数词+最高级
The river, which is the third longest in the world (世界上第三长河), is an absolutely beautiful place to visit.
4. do you think用作插入语
Why do you think there are (你认为为什么有)so many tall buildings in the world now？
Ⅳ. 教材设题
1. Now his dream has ______ .
A. realized B. come true
C. been realizing D. been come true
【解析】选B。句意：如今, 他的理想变成了现实。realize实现, 是及物动词, 此处也可以用has been realized。come true的主语是梦想、愿望之类的词, 但不能用被动语态。
2. The Three Gorges Dam, ______ is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding.
A. that B. who C. where D. which
【解析】选D。which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal是一个非限制性定语从句, 关系代词which在从句中作主语, 先行词是the Three Gorges Dam。根据先行词可知不能选关系代词who, 因为who只能指人。关系副词where在定语从句中通常作状语不能作主语。
3. The dam will generate electricity ______ about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
A. equal to B. familiar to
C. close to D. related to
【解析】选A。考查固定短语。equal to等于; familiar to为……所熟悉; close to靠近, 接近; related to与……有关。句意：大坝将要生产相当于燃烧约四千万吨煤产生的电量, 但却不会造成那么严重的空气污染。此处干扰项是close to, 若选C, 应把空后面的about去掉。
4. The valley is now part of the reservoir ______ by the Three Gorges Dam.
A. creating B. is created
C. to be created D. created
【解析】选D。此处created by the Three Gorges Dam相当于定语从句which has been created by the Three Gorges Dam。create与被修饰的名词reservoir之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以用过去分词。
5. In 1945, a US military plane, which was flying ______ Manhattan ______ a foggy day, crashed ______ the building just above the 78th floor.
A. over; on; into B. on; in; in
C. over; on; on D. on; in; over
【解析】选A。考查介词。fly over表示“在……上空飞行”; on a foggy day表示“在一个大雾天”, 在具体的某一天用介词on; crash into the building表示“与这座楼相撞”。
1. What do you advise in order to ______ the difficulties we are faced with
A. move B. remove C. quit D. cancel
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。move移动; remove移开, 去掉; quit放弃; cancel取消(会议等)。句意：为了消除我们面临的困难, 你有什么建议？根据句意可知选B。
2. The old man has a large collection of records ______ the 1950s.
A. dating back to B. dated back to
C. was dated back to D. date back to
【解析】选A。此处dating back to the 1950s相当于which/that date back to the 1950s作定语修饰前面的records。date back to不能用于被动语态, 所以作定语时, 只能用它的 v. -ing形式。
3. We should ______ ourselves ______ changing conditions.
A. accommodate; to B. accommodate; with
C. get; for D. make; for
【解析】选A。句意为：我们应该使自己适应不断变化的环境。accommodate oneself to. . . 使自己适应……; accommodate sb. with. . . 向某人提供……。
4. 用construction的适当形式填空
(1)The new railway is still under construction .
(2)They are planning to construct a bridge across the river.
1. They ______ the final payment because they weren’t satisfied with the work.
A. held back B. held out
C. paid back D. paid off
【解析】选A。考查动词短语。hold back阻止, 抑制, 扣留, 隐瞒; hold out维持, 保持, 抵抗; pay back归还; pay off还清。句意：他们扣留了最后的付款, 因为他们对工作不满意。根据句意选A。
2. I ______ my son will attend college and find a good job.
A. dream of B. dream
C. want D. wish
【解析】选B。根据句子结构可以看出空后面是一个省略连接词that的宾语从句。A、C两项不能接that引导的宾语从句。wish后面跟宾语从句时, 从句中要用虚拟语气, 也就是说, 若把此从句中will改为would, 才可以选D。dream能接that引导的宾语从句且不用虚拟语气。故答案是B。
3. —Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program
— ______ , does it
［2010安徽, 24］
A. It takes no time B. It counts for nothing
C. It doesn’t hurt to ask D. It doesn’t make sense
【解析】选C。句意：——你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个计划吗？——问一下没什么害处, 是吧？It takes no time 不需要花费时间, 很快; It counts for nothing 不重要, 无价值; It doesn’t hurt to ask问一下没什么害处; It doesn’t make sense 毫无意义, 讲不通。由句末does it可知应在C和D两项中选择, 根据句意应选C项。
After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ______ turned out to be a wise decision.
[2010四川, 10]
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【解析】选B。根据句子结构可以判断出此处需要一个引导非限制性定语从句, 且在从句中作主语的关系代词。that不能引导非限制性定语从句; 关系副词when/where不能在从句中作主语, 故选B。
1. The top of the mountain was ______ so when we climbed it we carried warm clothes.
A. freezing B. frozen
C. frightening D. frightened
【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意：山顶上很冷, 所以我们爬山时, 带着暖和的衣服。freezing极冷的; frozen冷冻的; frightening令人害怕的; frightened害怕的。
2. A teacher’s responsibilities should not be too ______ defined because he or she has too much to do when dealing with students.
A. hardly B. nearly C. narrowly D. widely
【解析】选C。考查副词。hardly几乎不; nearly几乎; narrowly勉强地, 狭隘地; widely广泛地。句意：老师的责任不应该狭隘地定义, 因为与学生打交道时, 老师处理的事情太多。
Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
engineer, date, construct, history, narrow, poem, submerge, remove, freeze, crash
1. He decided to major in engineering at college.
2. The plane crashed , causing over 200 deaths.
3. It is freezing cold in the Antarctic.
4. He is writing a historical novel about nineteenth-century France.
5. Our school football team narrowly beat theirs by 21 points to 20.
6. The damaged buildings are under construction now.
7. Would you tell us some stories of poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and so on
8. Rescue crews removed two people from the collapsed building.
9. The festival dates from the 15th century.
10. The wall was submerged by flood water.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 当她是学生时, 她梦想成为一名演员。
As a schoolgirl, she dreamed of becoming an actress.
2. 你知道这座塔建于什么时候吗？
Do you know when the tower dates from/dates back to/was built
3. 我们每个人都希望我们的梦想会实现。
Each of us wishes our dream would come true / be realized .
4. 没有人认为这个建议有道理。
No one thinks the advice makes sense .
5. 这个公司打算终止与我们签订的合同。
The company is going to bring an end to the contract signed with us.
6. 被水库淹没的那片土地有很多古代的历史遗址。
The land, which was flooded by the reservoir, was full of ancient historical sites.
7. 她总算抑制住了自己的愤怒情绪。
She just managed to hold back her anger.
8. 他独自离开了, 没有向任何人告别。
He left alone, without saying goodbye to anyone else.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1. When she woke up, she realized that things she had ______ about could not come true.
［2011宁波模拟］
A. dreamed B. come C. brought D. run
【解析】选A。考查固定搭配。dream about梦想; come about发生; bring about带来; run about到处跑。句意：当她醒来时, 她意识到她梦想的东西不会实现。根据句意可知选A。
【举一反三】
I have never dreamed of ______ such a beautiful place in the world.
A. there is B. there to be
C. there being D. there will be
【解析】选C。考查dream of的用法。句意：我从来没有梦想到世界上还有如此漂亮的地方。dream of doing梦想做某事, 故此处there be的非谓语形式是there being, 所以C为正确答案, 若选D, 应把题干中的of去掉。
2. The Black Friday after Thanksgiving Day is the busiest day of the holiday shopping season, ______ shoppers line up hours before stores open to get the best deals.
［2011上海模拟］
A. which B. where C. when D. that
【解析】选C。考查引导定语从句的关系词。此处先行词是the busiest day, ______ shoppers line up hours before stores open to get the best deals是定语从句。定语从句中缺少状语表示“在这一天”, 所以填when, 相当于on which。
3. —Which mobile phone should I choose for my girlfriend
— ______ , because you know her taste.
A. It just depends B. All right
C. It’s up to you D. Glad to hear that
【解析】选C。考查交际用语。根据because you know her taste(因为你了解她的品味)可以判断出选C项表示“由你决定”。
4. I was ______ for about half an hour on the way here in the traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
［2011太原模拟］
A. held back B. held up
C. held out D. held on to
【解析】选B。考查hold动词短语。hold back阻止, 抑制, 扣留; hold up举起, 耽搁; hold out 伸出, 坚持; hold on to抓住, 保留。句意：在来这儿的路上, 交通堵塞耽搁了我大约半个小时, 因此造成了延误。
5. It was said that the winter of 2010 was ______ cold but, in fact, it was not as cold as predicted.
A. frozen B. freezing
C. freezingly D. froze
【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。freezing cold表示“极冷”。
6. ______ is reported in the newspaper is that some teenagers on diet are damaging their health.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【解析】选D。考查句子结构。此处what is reported in the newspaper是what引导的一个主语从句, that some teenagers on diet are damaging their health是that引导的表语从句。干扰项是A。若选A, 要把句中第二个is去掉。
【方法技巧】如何分析句子结构
现在考查句子结构的题越来越多, 所以平时做题时要注意分析句子结构, 注意句子结构中的一些细节。例如：
______ is known to us all that Brazil will host the 2016 Olympics.
A. As B. It C. What D. Which
此题选B。此处it作形式主语, 真正的主语是that Brazil will host the 2016 Olympics。若选A, 题干应改为 ______ is known to us all, Brazil will host the 2016 Olympics. 。as is known to us all是由as引导的一个非限制性定语从句。若选C, 题干则应改为 ______ is known to us all is that Brazil will host the 2016 Olympics. 。what is known to us all是what引导的一个主语从句。由此题可以看出做题时注意分析句子结构是非常重要的。并且, 如果分析对了句子结构, 做题时你就可以做到举一反三。
7. As we all know, Michael Jackson lived ______ terrible life for many years when he was ______ child.
A. a; a B. /; a
C. the; a D. /; the
【解析】选A。考查冠词。live a / an + adj. + life表示“过……的生活”。 child是可数名词, 此处表示“一个孩子”, 所以前面要加冠词。
8. Everyone is equal so we want to ______ discrimination(歧视).
A. get down to B. pay attention to
C. bring an end to D. devote ourselves to
【解析】选C。考查固定短语。get down to开始做; pay attention to注意; bring an end to结束; devote oneself to致力于。句意：每个人都是平等的, 所以我们要结束歧视。由句意可知C正确。
9. The palace ______ the 16th century will be torn down.
A. dates from B. dates back to
C. dated from D. dating back to
【解析】选D。dating back to the 16th century= which / that dates from / dates back to / dating from the 16th century作定语修饰the palace。
10. My mother asked me to ______ the dirty dishes from the table after dinner.
［2011银川模拟］
A. remove B. refuse
C. replace D. reduce
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。remove移开, 除去; refuse拒绝; replace代替; reduce减少。句意：饭后我母亲让我拿走桌子上的脏盘子。
11. The saying that the road is ______ for enemies means unexpectedly enemies encounter with each other.
A. wide B. rough
C. narrow D. smooth
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。wide宽的; rough粗糙的, 高低不平的; smooth光滑的, 顺利的。句意：谚语冤家路窄的意思是出乎意料, 敌人相遇了。
12. It makes ______ to fight for your highest attainable goal.
A. progress B. efforts
C. sense D. contributions
【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。make progress取得进步; make efforts努力; make sense有意义, 有道理; make contributions做贡献。句意：为你可以达到的最高目标而奋斗是有意义的。
13. It’s said that the hotel to be completed can ______ more than 1, 000 guests.
A. accommodate B. supply
C. offer D. put
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。accommodate容纳; supply供应; offer提供, 出价; put放置。句意：据说将要竣工的这家旅馆能容纳1 000多位客人。干扰项是D。若把D项改为put up也正确。
14. You ought to have a good rest ______ you’ve finished the work.
A. if only B. even if
C. in case D. now that
【解析】选D。考查连词。if only如果……该多好啊; even if即使; in case万一; now that既然。句意：既然你已经完成了这项工作, 你应该好好休息。
15. ______ is possible that everyone will become happy if they change the habit of unhappiness.
A. It B. That C. This D. One
【解析】选A。it在此处作形式主语, 真正的主语是that everyone will. . . unhappiness。
Ⅳ. 完形填空
［2011北京模拟］
When high school started, Becky and I became best friends. We 1 many interests and quickly became inseparable. When high school ended, we both cried 2 we would attend different universities in the fall.
Our first term of university life was 3 . We had a huge telephone bill and our e-mails were incredibly long. In the second term I found some new friends with whom I felt very 4 . These were friends with whom I could be myself and 5 out my feelings. I was eager to share my new friends with Becky.
When Becky finally visited me at my school, we were excited. She 6 a toy bear to me as a present and told me about her college life. However, something unexpected happened when I 7 her to my new friends. Her eyes grew dark and I could see the 8 within them. My new friends tried to share their friendship, but Becky seemed 9 to accept it. I didn’t understand 10 the people I loved most couldn’t love each other.
Becky left. I knew she was not happy. I thought long about what had happened. After many unanswered questions, I understood that she was 11 . She saw me with my new friends and 12 that we no longer shared the same experiences. She saw all the fun I was having 13 her and wished she could be a part of it. She wished she could be in their 14 .
I wrote a letter to Becky 15 she’s always my best friend. I told her everyone had friends from home and friends from school, and all the friends were indeed life’s greatest 16 . Becky wrote me back soon. She was in 17 and felt sorry about what she had done.
I think Becky and I both learn an important lesson from it. 18 can influence our friendship and change the experiences we’ve shared. We are now walking on two different paths of 19 . While new friends are special and exciting, old friends are always there, 20 to share their heart and soul, no matter how far apart.
【文章大意】本文作者主要通过自己的经历告诉读者：虽然拥有新朋友是令人兴奋的, 但老朋友也时刻分享着她们的痛苦与快乐, 无论相距多远。
1. A. showed B. shared
C. protected D. developed
【解析】选B。share many interests有许多共同的兴趣。share分享。
2. A. although B. unless
C. because D. while
【解析】选C。句意：高中毕业时, 我们都哭了, 因为在秋季我们要到不同的大学上学。
3. A. hard B. peaceful
C. modern D. normal
【解析】选A。根据下一句We had a huge telephone bill and our e-mails were incredibly long. 可知两人互相思念, 大学的第一学期的生活很难熬。故选A。
4. A. anxious B. strange
C. familiar D. comfortable
【解析】选D。anxious焦虑的, 担心的; strange奇怪的, 陌生的; familiar熟悉的; comfortable舒适的, 舒服的。句意：在第二学期我结交了一些新朋友, 与他们在一起, 我感到很舒服。
5. A. pour B. make
C. figure D. hold
【解析】选A。pour out my feelings倾诉我的感情。pour out 倒出; make out辨认出, 理解; figure out算出; hold out坚持。
6. A. donated B. returned
C. brought D. recommended
【解析】选C。donate捐赠; return回来, 归还; bring带来; recommend推荐, 建议。此处指她给我带来一个玩具熊。
7. A. admitted B. referred
C. mentioned D. introduced
【解析】选D。此处指我把她介绍给我的新朋友。introduce A to B, 把A介绍给B。
8. A. concern B. hurt
C. curiosity D. doubt
【解析】选B。concern关心; hurt疼痛, 伤害; curiosity好奇; doubt怀疑。根据此句前半部分Her eyes grew dark(她的眼睛变暗了)可知Becky在知道我有了很多新朋友后, 内心受到伤害。故选B。
9. A. unwilling B. cautious
C. ashamed D. calm
【解析】选A。 unwilling不情愿的; cautious小心的; ashamed羞愧的; calm镇静的。根据上下文可知此处指Becky不愿意接受这样的友谊。
10. A. how B. whether C. that D. why
【解析】选D。句意：我不知道为什么我最爱的人们不能互相关爱。
11. A. aggressive B. jealous
C. proud D. discouraged
【解析】选B。 aggressive有攻击性的; jealous嫉妒的; proud骄傲的, 自豪的; discouraged失望的, 泄气的。根据上下文可知作者认为Becky见到“我”的新朋友不高兴的原因可能是嫉妒。
12. A. promised B. argued
C. regretted D. proved
【解析】选C。句意：她很遗憾我们不再享有同样的经历。regret后悔, 遗憾。
13. A. without B. from C. for D. across
【解析】选A。句意：她看到我没有她也很开心。
14. A. expectation B. relation
C. reception D. position
【解析】选D。expectation期望; relation关系; reception接收, 接待; position位置, 职位。此处指她希望自己处于她们的位置。
15. A. recognizing B. explaining
C. assuming D. predicting
【解析】选B。recognize认出; explain解释; assume假设, 认为; predict预测。句意：我给Becky写了一封信, 解释说她一直是我最好的朋友。
16. A. achievement B. spirit
C. gift D. sign
【解析】选C。此处指所有的朋友都是生活中最好的礼物。
17. A. sympathy B. confusion
C. surprise D. agreement
【解析】选D。sympathy同情; confusion困惑; surprise吃惊; agreement协议。根据此句后半部分的felt sorry about what she had done可知Becky与我的想法一致。in agreement(with sb. )与……一致。in sympathy同情地; in confusion困惑地; in surprise吃惊地。
18. A. Something B. Anything
C. Nothing D. Everything
【解析】选C。句意：没有什么能影响我们的友谊, 改变我们共同拥有的经历。
19. A. success B. life
C. research D. happiness
【解析】选B。句意：我们在走着不同的人生之路。
20. A. waiting B. planning
C. choosing D. demanding
【解析】选A。句意：虽然新朋友是特别的令人激动的, 但老朋友总在那儿, 等着分享她们的精神世界, 无论彼此离得多远。
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
July 28, 2010—China’s Three Gorges Dam has faced a second test as floods pushed the water in its reservoir to near its capacity, state media said.
Vast amounts of water have been released from behind the Three Gorges Dam in recent days.
Heavy rain on the Yangtze River created a surge(大浪, 巨涌) that neared last week’s record.
China’s worst flooding in a decade has killed at least 823 people and left 437 missing, authorities said.
In the latest developments, 21 people are feared dead in a landslide, while 37 people are known to have died after a bridge collapsed.
Engineers at the Three Gorges Dam said the reservoir water level rose to 158m at 8: 00 local time (00: 00 GMT) on Wednesday, the state-run Xinhua news agency said.
The maximum capacity is 175m.
Authorities have warned communities downstream to prepare for rising water levels as the dam’s huge spill(溢出) gates release torrents(激流, 奔流) of water.
The flow into the dam’s reservoir, however, is lower than last week’s peak of 70, 000 cubic metres per second.
The heaviest rain in a decade has swollen rivers and caused damage across a wide swathe(带子, 绷带) of central and southern China.
In south-western Sichuan province, dozens of houses in Shuanghe village were engulfed early on Tuesday morning after huge amounts of rock and mud slid down Ermei Mountain.
Local government officials say the water in the river under the bridge was usually less than a metre high.
The economic losses across the country are estimated to be more than $22bn (￡14bn).
China suffers monsoon-type rains every year but this year’s rainfall has been the heaviest in more than a decade.
【文章大意】本文主要讲了三峡大坝经历了洪峰的考验, 并且提到洪水与泥石流造成的损害和损失。
1. According to the passage, we know that ______ .
A. China’s Three Gorges Dam has seen the water level in its reservoir rise greatly
B. the recent rainfall set a new record in the history of China
C. the Three Gorges Dam may not experience more floods
D. surges caused by heavy rain on the Yangtze River killed many people
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的. . . as floods pushed the water in its reservoir to near its capacity可知。
2. We can infer from the passage ______ .
A. the flood is the worst in the past ten years
B. the flood has caused over 823 deaths
C. 437 are missing because of the landslide
D. thousands of people have fought with all kinds of disasters
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段的China’s worst flooding in a decade has killed at least 823 people and left 437 missing. . . 可知这次洪水是过去的十年中最严重的。故选A。
3. The underlined sentence “21 people are feared dead in a landslide” means ______ .
A. 21 people are frightened to death in a landslide
B. 21 people are dead because of fear in a landslide
C. it is likely that 21 people have been killed in a landslide
D. a landslide leaves 21 people in danger
【解析】选C。句意理解题。fear在此处不表示“害怕”, 而是“恐怕, 有可能”的意思。句意：在一次山体滑坡中可能有21人死亡。所以选C。
4. The underlined word “engulfed” means ______ .
A. hidden B. surrounded
C. swallowed D. swept
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。engulf卷入, 吞没。swallow吞咽, 吞没。划线词所在句句意：四川省西南部的双河村的几十座房屋被从峨眉山上落下的泥石淹没。干扰项是D。sweep表示“扫, 席卷”。
Ⅰ. 语音知识
1. resign
A. reason B. satisfied C. absence D. case
2. honesty
A. satisfy B. namely C. style D. dry
3. success
A. structure B. bury
C. support D. include
4. observatory
A. stone B. obstacle C. gold D. clothes
5. crash
A. change B. brave C. extra D. habit
答案：1~5. ABCBD
Ⅱ. 单词拼写
1. He decided to major in engineering（工程学） at college.
2. The plane crashed（坠毁）, causing over 200 deaths.
3. It is freezing（冰冻的） cold in the Antarctic.
4. He is writing a historical（历史的） novel about nineteenth-century France.
5. Our school football team narrowly（勉强地） beat theirs by 21 points to 20.
6. The damaged buildings are under construction（建造） now.
7. Would you tell us some stories of poets（诗人） such as Li Bai, Du Fu and so on
8. Rescue crew removed（移动） two people from the collapsed building.
9. The festival dates（始于） from the 15th century.
10. The wall was submerged（淹没，浸入水中） by flood water.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. 当她是学生时，她梦想成为一名演员。
As a schoolgirl, she dreamed of becoming an actress.
2. 你知道这座塔建于什么时候吗？
Do you know when the tower dates from/dates back to/was built
3. 我们每个人都希望我们的梦想会实现。
Each of us wishes our dream would come true / be realized .
4. 没有人认为这个建议有道理。
No one thinks the advice makes sense .
5. 这个公司打算终止与我们签订的合同。
The company is going to bring an end to the contract signed with us.
6. 被水库淹没的那片土地有很多古代的历史遗址。
The land, which was flooded by the reservoir, was full of ancient historical sites.
7. 她总算抑制住了自己的愤怒情绪。
She just managed to hold back her anger.
8. 他独自离开了，没有向任何人告别。
He left alone, without saying goodbye to anyone else.
Ⅳ. 语法和词汇知识
1. When she woke up, she realized that things she had _____ about could not come true.
A. dreamed B. come C．brought D．run
【解析】选A。考查固定搭配。dream about梦想；come about发生；bring about带来；run about到处跑。句意：当她醒来时，她意识到她梦想的东西不会实现。根据句意可知选A。
【举一反三】
I have never dreamed of _____ such a beautiful place in the world.
A. there is B. there to be
C. there being D. there will be
【解析】选C。考查dream of的用法。句意：我从来没有梦想到世界上还有如此漂亮的地方。dream of doing梦想做某事，故此处there be的非谓语形式是there being，所以C为正确答案，若选D，应把题干中的of去掉。
2. The Black Friday after Thanksgiving Day is the busiest day of the holiday shopping season, _____ shoppers line up hours before stores open to get the best deals.
［2011宝鸡模拟］
A. which B. where C. when D. that
【解析】选C。考查引导定语从句的关系词。此处先行词是the busiest day， shoppers line up hours before stores open to get the best deals是定语从句。定语从句中缺少状语表示“在这一天”，所以填when，相当于on which。
3. —Which mobile phone should I choose for my girlfriend
— _____ , because you know her taste.
A. It just depends B. All right
C. It’s up to you D. Glad to hear that
【解析】选C。考查交际用语。根据because you know her taste（因为你了解她的品味）可以判断出选C项表示“由你决定”。
4. I was _____ for about half an hour on the way here in the traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
［2011太原模拟］
A. held back B. held up
C. held out D. held on to
【解析】选B。考查hold动词短语。hold back阻止，抑制，扣留；hold up举起，耽搁； hold out 伸出，坚持；hold on to抓住，保留。句意：在来这儿的路上，交通堵塞耽搁了我大约半个小时，因此造成了延误。
5. It was said that the winter of 2010 was _____ cold but, in fact, it was not as cold as predicted.
A. frozen B. freezing
C. freezingly D. froze
【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。freezing cold表示“极冷”。
6. _____ is reported in the newspaper is that some teenagers on diet are damaging their health.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【解析】选D。考查句子结构。此处what is reported in the newspaper是what引导的一个主语从句，that some teenagers on diet are damaging their health是that引导的表语从句。干扰项是A。若选A， 要把句中第二个is去掉。
【方法技巧】如何分析句子结构
现在考查句子结构的题越来越多，所以平时做题时要注意分析句子结构，注意句子结构中的一些细节。例如：
_____ is known to us all that Brazil will host the 2016 Olympics.
A. As B. It C. What D. Which
此题选B。此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是that Brazil will host the 2016 Olympics。若选A，题干应改为 _____ is known to us all，Brazil will host the 2016 Olympics. 。as is known to us all是由as引导的一个非限制性定语从句。
若选C，题干则应改为 ______ is known to us all is that Brazil will host the 2016 Olympics. 。what is known to us all是what引导的一个主语从句。由此题可以看出做题时注意分析句子结构是非常重要的。并且，如果分析对了句子结构，做题时你就可以做到举一反三。
7. As we all know, Michael Jackson lived _____ terrible life for many years when he was _____ child.
A. a；a B. /; a
C. the; a D. /; the
【解析】选A。考查冠词。live a / an + adj. + life表示“过……的生活”。 child是可数名词，此处表示“一个孩子”，所以前面要加冠词。
8. Everyone is equal so we want to _____ discrimination（歧视）.
A. get down to B. pay attention to
C. bring an end to D. devote ourselves to
【解析】选C。考查固定短语。get down to开始做；pay attention to注意；bring an end to结束；devote oneself to致力于。句意：每个人都是平等的，所以我们要结束歧视。由句意可知C正确。
9. The palace _____ the 16th century will be torn down.
A. dates from B. dates back to
C. dated from D. dating back to
【解析】选D。dating back to the 16th century= which / that dates from / dates back to / dating from the 16th century作定语修饰the palace。
10. My mother asked me to _____ the dirty dishes from the table after dinner.
A. remove B. refuse
C. replace D. reduce
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。remove移开，除去；refuse拒绝；replace代替；reduce减少。句意：饭后我母亲让我拿走桌子上的脏盘子。
11. The saying that the road is _____ for enemies means unexpectedly enemies encounter with each other.
A. wide B. rough
C. narrow D. smooth
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。wide宽的；rough粗糙的，高低不平的；smooth光滑的，顺利的。句意：谚语冤家路窄的意思是出乎意料，敌人相遇了。
12. It makes _____ to fight for your highest attainable goal.
A. progress B. efforts
C. sense D. contributions
【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。make progress取得进步；make efforts努力；make sense有意义，有道理；make contributions做贡献。句意：为你可以达到的最高目标而奋斗是有意义的。
13. It’s said that the hotel to be completed can _____ more than 1, 000 guests.
A. accommodate B. supply
C. offer D. put
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。accommodate容纳；supply供应；offer提供，出价；put放置。句意：据说将要竣工的这家旅馆能容纳1 000多位客人。干扰项是D。若把D项改为put up也正确。
14. You ought to have a good rest _____ you’ve finished the work.
A. if only B. even if
C. in case D. now that
【解析】选D。考查连词。if only如果……该多好啊；even if即使；in case万一；now that既然。句意：既然你已经完成了这项工作，你应该好好休息。
15. _____ is possible that everyone will become happy if they change the habit of unhappiness.
A. It B. That C. This D. One
【解析】选A。it在此处作形式主语，真正的主语是that everyone will. . . unhappiness。
Ⅴ. 完形填空
［2011北京模拟］
When high school started, Becky and I became best friends. We 1 many interests and quickly became inseparable. When high school ended, we both cried 2 we would attend different universities in the fall.
Our first term of university life was 3 . We had a huge telephone bill and our e-mails were incredibly long. In the second term I found some new friends with whom I felt very 4 . These were friends with whom I could be myself and 5 out my feelings. I was eager to share my new friends with Becky.
When Becky finally visited me at my school, we were excited. She 6 a toy bear to me as a present and told me about her college life. However, something unexpected happened when I 7 her to my new friends. Her eyes grew dark and I could see the 8 within them. My new friends tried to share their friendship, but Becky seemed 9 to accept it. I didn’t understand 10 the people I loved most couldn’t love each other.
Becky left. I knew she was not happy. I thought long about what had happened. After many unanswered questions, I understood that she was 11 . She saw me with my new friends and 12 that we no longer shared the same experiences. She saw all the fun I was having 13 her and wished she could be a part of it. She wished she could be in their 14 .
I wrote a letter to Becky 15 she’s always my best friend. I told her everyone had friends from home and friends from school, and all the friends were indeed life’s greatest 16 . Becky wrote me back soon. She was in 17 and felt sorry about what she had done.
I think Becky and I both learn an important lesson from it. 18 can influence our friendship and change the experiences we’ve shared. We are now walking on two different paths of 19 . While new friends are special and exciting, old friends are always there, 20 to share their heart and soul, no matter how far apart.
【文章大意】本文作者主要通过自己的经历告诉读者：虽然拥有新朋友是令人兴奋的，但老朋友也时刻分享着她们的痛苦与快乐，无论相距多远。
1. A. showed B. shared
C. protected D. developed
【解析】选B。share many interests有许多共同的兴趣。share分享。
2. A. although B. unless
C. because D. while
【解析】选C。句意：高中毕业时，我们都哭了，因为在秋季我们要到不同的大学上学。
3. A. hard B. peaceful
C. modern D. normal
【解析】选A。根据下一句We had a huge telephone bill and our e-mails were incredibly long. 可知两人互相思念，大学的第一学期的生活很难熬。故选A。
4. A. anxious B. strange
C. familiar D. comfortable
【解析】选D。anxious焦虑的，担心的；strange奇怪的，陌生的；familiar熟悉的；comfortable舒适的，舒服的。句意：在第二学期我结交了一些新朋友，与他们在一起，我感到很舒服。
5. A. pour B. make C. figure D. hold
【解析】选A。pour out my feelings倾诉我的感情。pour out 倒出；make out辨认出，理解；figure out算出；hold out坚持。
6. A. donated B. returned
C. brought D. recommended
【解析】选C。donate捐赠；return回来，归还；bring带来；recommend推荐，建议。此处指她给我带来一个玩具熊。
7. A. admitted B. referred
C. mentioned D. introduced
【解析】选D。此处指我把她介绍给我的新朋友。introduce A to B，把A介绍给B。
8. A. concern B. hurt
C. curiosity D. doubt
【解析】选B。concern关心；hurt疼痛，伤害；curiosity好奇；doubt怀疑。根据此句前半部分Her eyes grew dark（她的眼睛变暗了）可知Becky在知道我有了很多新朋友后，内心受到伤害。故选B。
9. A. unwilling B. cautious
C. ashamed D. calm
【解析】选A。 unwilling不情愿的；cautious小心的；ashamed羞愧的；calm镇静的。根据上下文可知此处指Becky不愿意接受这样的友谊。
10. A. how B. whether C. that D. why
【解析】选D。句意：我不知道为什么我最爱的人们不能互相关爱。
11. A. aggressive B. jealous
C. proud D. discouraged
【解析】选B。 aggressive有攻击性的；jealous嫉妒的；proud骄傲的，自豪的；discouraged失望的，泄气的。根据上下文可知作者认为Becky见到“我”的新朋友不高兴的原因可能是嫉妒。
12. A. promised B. argued
C. regretted D. proved
【解析】选C。句意：她很遗憾我们不再享有同样的经历。regret后悔，遗憾。
13. A. without B. from C. for D. across
【解析】选A。句意：她看到我没有她也很开心。
14. A. expectation B. relation
C. reception D. position
【解析】选D。expectation期望；relation关系；reception接收，接待；position位置，职位。此处指她希望自己处于她们的位置。
15. A. recognizing B. explaining
C. assuming D. predicting
【解析】选B。recognize认出；explain解释；assume假设，认为；predict预测。句意：我给Becky写了一封信，解释说她一直是我最好的朋友。
16. A. achievement B. spirit
C. gift D. sign
【解析】选C。此处指所有的朋友都是生活中最好的礼物。
17. A. sympathy B. confusion
C. surprise D. agreement
【解析】选D。sympathy同情；confusion困惑；surprise吃惊；agreement协议。根据此句后半部分的felt sorry about what she had done可知Becky与我的想法一致。in agreement（with sb. ）与……一致。in sympathy同情地； in confusion困惑地； in surprise吃惊地。
18. A. Something B. Anything
C. Nothing D. Everything
【解析】选C。句意：没有什么能影响我们的友谊，改变我们共同拥有的经历。
19. A. success B. life
C. research D. happiness
【解析】选B。句意：我们在走着不同的人生之路。
20. A. waiting B. planning
C. choosing D. demanding
【解析】选A。句意：虽然新朋友是特别的令人激动的，但老朋友总在那儿，等着分享她们的精神世界，无论彼此离得多远。
Ⅵ. 阅读理解
July 28, 2010—China’s Three Gorges Dam has faced a second test as floods pushed the water in its reservoir to near its capacity, state media said.
Vast amounts of water have been released from behind the Three Gorges Dam in recent days.
Heavy rain on the Yangtze River created a surge（大浪，巨涌） that neared last week’s record.
China’s worst flooding in a decade has killed at least 823 people and left 437 missing, authorities said.
In the latest developments, 21 people are feared dead in a landslide, while 37 people are known to have died after a bridge collapsed.
Engineers at the Three Gorges Dam said the reservoir water level rose to 158m at 8: 00 local time (00: 00 GMT) on Wednesday, the state-run Xinhua news agency said.
The maximum capacity is 175m.
Authorities have warned communities downstream to prepare for rising water levels as the dam’s huge spill（溢出） gates release torrents（激流，奔流） of water.
The flow into the dam’s reservoir, however, is lower than last week’s peak of 70, 000 cubic metres per second.
The heaviest rain in a decade has swollen rivers and caused damage across a wide swathe（带子，绷带） of central and southern China.
In south-western Sichuan province, dozens of houses in Shuanghe village were engulfed early on Tuesday morning after huge amounts of rock and mud slid down Ermei Mountain.
Local government officials say the water in the river under the bridge was usually less than a metre high.
The economic losses across the country are estimated to be more than $22bn (￡14bn).
China suffers monsoon-type rains every year but this year’s rainfall has been the heaviest in more than a decade.
【文章大意】本文主要讲了三峡大坝经历了洪峰的考验，并且提到洪水与泥石流造成的损害和损失。
1. According to the passage, we know that _____ .
A. China’s Three Gorges Dam has seen the water level in its reservoir rise greatly
B. the recent rainfall set a new record in the history of China
C. the Three Gorges Dam may not experience more floods
D. surges caused by heavy rain on the Yangtze River killed many people
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的. . . as floods pushed the water in its reservoir to near its capacity可知。
2. We can infer from the passage _____ .
A. the flood is the worst in the past ten years
B. the flood has caused over 823 deaths
C. 437 are missing because of the landslide
D. thousands of people have fought with all kinds of disasters
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段的China’s worst flooding in a decade has killed at least 823 people and left 437 missing. . . 可知这次洪水是过去的十年中最严重的。故选A。
3. The underlined sentence “21 people are feared dead in a landslide” means _____ .
A. 21 people are frightened to death in a landslide
B. 21 people are dead because of fear in a landslide
C. it is likely that 21 people have been killed in a landslide
D. a landslide leaves 21 people in danger
【解析】选C。句意理解题。fear在此处不表示“害怕”，而是“恐怕，有可能”的意思。句意：在一次山体滑坡中可能有21人死亡。所以选C。
4. The underlined word “engulfed” means _____ .
A. hidden B. surrounded
C. swallowed D. swept
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。engulf卷入，吞没。swallow吞咽，吞没。划线词所在句句意：四川省西南部的双河村的几十座房屋被从峨眉山上落下的泥石淹没。干扰项是D。sweep表示“扫，席卷”。