河源中学2021-2022学年第一学期高一段考（一）
英 语
本试卷共8页，81小题，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
第一部分：听力理解（共20分）
第一节 听力理解（每小题1.5分，满分15分）
听下面一段话，回答第1-2题。
1. Where are the speakers
A. In Britain. B. In Germany. C. In France.
2. What does the woman do most of the time at work
A. She does some tying.
B. She deals with emails.
C. She answers the telephone.
听下面一段话，回答第3-5题。
3. Why does the man call the woman？
A. To ask about Ron.
B. To tell her some changes.
C. To cancel a meeting.
4. How many copies of the report does the woman have to make in all
A. 50 B. 55 C.60
5. How will the speakers get to the Wilton
A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. On foot.
听下面一段独白，回答6-8题。
6 What will the listeners do first
A. Have lunch.
B. Watch a video.
C. Visit the production area.
7. Who will the listeners meet at 2 pm
A. John White.
B. Matthew Dunston.
C. Jack Brown.
8. Where will the listeners meet at 7:15 pm
A. At a restaurant.
B. At a hotel.
C. At a meeting room.
听下面一段对话，回答第9-10题。
9. What does the man’s wife need to bring to the Watercolors class
A Paints. B. Paper. C. Pencils.
10. Which class is the cheapest
A. Watercolors. B. Singing. C. Maori.
第二节 听取信息（每小题1分，满分5分）
About my family
Mother She feels ________.She wears traditional Vietnamese clothes ________.
Father He works in a(n) ________.He used to be a doctor.
Two older sisters They worked hard in high school.The school gave them ________ English lessons
My brother and I We speak good English.We find the ________ are hard to put up with.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution. They join “environment clubs(俱乐部)”. In an environment club, people work together to make our environment clean. Here are some things students often do.
No-garbage (垃圾) lunches. How much do you throw away after lunch Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the least garbage and report them to the whole school.
No-car day. On a no-car day, nobody comes to school in a car. Not the students and not the teachers! Cars give pollution to our air, so remember: walk jump, bike and run. Use your legs! It’s lots of fun..
Turn off the water! Did you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty cubic (立方) meters of water an hour In a year, that would fill a small river! In environment clubs, students mend those broken toilets. We love our environment. Let’s work together to make it clean.
1. From the passage we know the students usually have lunch________.
A. at school B. in shops C. in clubs D. at home
2. After students mend toilets, they save ________.
A. a small river B. a club C. water in cubic meters D. a toilet
3. The writer wrote the passage to ask the students to ________.
A. clean school B. make less pollution C. join clubs D. help teachers
B
American schools are quite different from those in China. In America, at the beginning of the term, students must select their subjects and teachers first.
Selecting is very important for your grades in America. So at the first term, don’t select too many subjects or you’ll feel very nervous and it may influence your study. Then you have to ask for some teaching plans. There is some information about subjects, timetables, marks and textbooks. At the same time, you must choose the teachers. Different teachers have different teaching methods. If the teacher is called “killer” by the last grade, many students will give up choosing him. Because this kind of teacher will leave too much homework, too many exams and give too low grades.
There is another thing after you select the subjects and the teacher. How to buy textbooks makes each student feel hard. The textbooks in America are very expensive. Each one is about $30-50. In order to save money, many students buy some used textbooks, and some students usually borrow textbooks from the school library.
In class, discussing is very important. The teacher encourages you to ask questions or show your own opinions. They don’t usually ask you to sit well. Instead they allow you to sit or stand everywhere you like.
4. According to the text American students ________.
A. don’t have to ask for teaching plans
B. don’t have to choose teachers
C. would like to choose strict teachers
D. usually buy some used textbooks in order to save money
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE
A. Students won’t choose the teacher who leaves too much homework.
B. Students won’t choose the teacher who leaves too many exams.
C. Students will choose the teacher who is called “killer”.
D. Students won’t choose the teacher who gives too low marks.
6. What is important in American class
A. Reading. B. Writing. C. Discussing. D. Listening.
7. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the differences between American and Chinese schools.
B. American schools.
C. the differences between American and Chinese students.
D. American school subjects.
C
Scientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice, Italy. The robots are designed to act like fish, other underwater creatures and plants. The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called subCULTron. The European Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation (创新) in Europe. The scientists want to use the artificial intelligence of the robots to help humans understand what is happening under the water of the Venice lagoon (潟湖).
SubCULTron, a collective artificial intelligence project, plans to create the biggest shoal (鱼群) of robot fish in the world. The project’s aim is to improve knowledge of the seabed and try to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.
Alexandre Campo, a computer scientist, says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together. The subCULTron project wants its robots to learn to work together so they can watch out for changes and new problems in the water.
One problem the researchers had in the beginning was how the robots would communicate with each other. Wi-Fi and GPS equipment don’t work underwater. Instead，the robots can use sonar (声呐) and an electric field.
Another problem was charging batteries. The robots come up to the water’s surface and stay near a boat or a power station to charge without any electrical cables. Besides, how to be water- proof, especially for some key pads of the robots, was really tough. Fortunately, a special mixture has been created to be pinned on the robot, which successfully stands the test of water.
The health state of the lagoon is pretty good. There are no industrial polluters, and the city now has a modem sewer (污水管) system. It’s not like before when all the waste flushed directly into the water. The robots in Venice will continue their work until 2019. The subCULTron project hopes they develop into “an artificial society underneath the water surface” that serves “a human society above the water”.
8. What can we learn about the project in Paragraph 1
A. Its researchers arc all from universities.
B. The European Union has financially supported it.
C. It uses robots to clean the waters in and around Venice.
D. It is aimed to support science and innovation worldwide.
9. What can we infer according to Alexandre Campo
A. Scientists have got an idea for robots from the animals.
B. The robots are working separately to perform their tasks.
C. SubCULTron is to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.
D. The health state of the lagoon has greatly improved recently.
10. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph probably refers to “ ”.
A. scientists B. animals
C. robots D. humans
11. What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage
A. Robots are coining into our cities soon.
B. Animals can tell us how to clean the water.
C. Waters in Venice have been greatly cleaned.
D. Robot fish watch out for the waters in Venice.
D
Trekking (徒步旅行) 500 miles across Spain is no easy task for anyone, but for the wheelchair user Justin Skeesuck, achieving the dream seemed nearly impossible. However, Skeesuck’s lifelong best friend, Patrick Gray, simply didn’t accept that idea. He said, “We’ve done everything together so far. Why don’t we have one more adventure ”
That’s exactly what he did — pushing Skeesuck across northern Spain’s Camino de Santiago. Though Skeesuck has a muscle disease similar to ALS (肌萎缩侧索硬化) and high blood pressure, he first got the idea to go on the journey after he watched a travel show about the trail. He said, “I knew immediately since my heart was just telling me, ‘You need to do this.’”
With Gray on board and the blessings of their family, the two best friends from Idaho set off to make Skeesuck’s dream of going for the journey a reality. However, neither Gray nor Skeesuck realized how physically and emotionally arduous the trip would be. Not only did they have a strict time limit — about six weeks to get from start to finish, but they also faced extremely difficult obstacles (障碍). With Gray pushing Skeesuck in a three-wheel wheelchair, the pair crossed mountains, rivers and a desert. “I’ve never been that physically exhausted in my entire life,” Gray said. The pair came across countless kind people during their trip who were eager to help them finish their journey, but they refused their help with gentle words. 34 days later, the two best friends finished their journey, realizing a dream that helped them learn about themselves and others. “The adventure has taught me for sure that when you do something with faith, and never give up, amazing things can really happen,” Skeesuck said.
Gray recorded their incredible trip in a book — “I’ll Push You: A Journey of 500 Miles, Two Best Friends and One Wheelchair”, which would be published soon. Skeesuck and Gray are also working on a children’s book that will tell the story of their adventure. They hope that the book will give kids strength when they deal with difficulties.
12. What can we learn about Patrick Gray from Paragraph 1
A. He is a wheelchair user.
B. He has been to Spain several times before.
C. He wanted to challenge what was thought impossible.
D. He didn’t think trekking 500 miles was an adventure.
13. What does the underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Relaxing. B. Disappointing.
C. Challenging. D. Satisfying.
14. What can we infer about the pair’s journey from Paragraph 3
A. They set off on foot. B. They finished it ahead of time.
C. They received a lot of help. D. They met with no difficulties.
15. Why did the two friends write a children’s book on that journey
A. To encourage kids to face difficulties bravely.
B. To earn some money by selling books.
C. To persuade kids to take a trip to Spain.
D. To show kids the beautiful natural scenery.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every walking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
Schedule yearly exams.
___16___ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
Protect against UV rays .
Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. ____17____ Give your eyes a break.
Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. ____18____ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
____19____.
As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses.
Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. ____20____
Otherwise: you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Are you a man or a mouse When people ask this question they want to know whether you think you are a ____21____ person or a coward （懦夫）. But you will never really know the answer to this question ____22____ you are tested in real life. Some people think they are brave but when they come face to face with real ____23____, they act like cowards. Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like ____24____.
Lenny had always thought of himself as a ____25____ person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. Then, on January 15th, 2002, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. He saw a woman in the ____26____ water. Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very ____27____ and did a very courageous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, ____28____ to the woman, and kept her head ____29____ the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not ____30____.
When you are in a very ____31____ situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. The chemical is called adrenalin. With adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and stronger and are ____32____ to fight or run away. However, when you are absolutely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this ____33____, the muscles become very hard and you find you ____34____ move at all. You are then paralyzed（使无能为力） with fear. This is ____35____ when we are very frightened, we sometimes say we’re “petrified”. This word comes from the Greek word “petros”, which means “stone”. We are so frightened that we become stonelike.
21. A. brave B. real C. hard D. certain
22. A. when B. until C. after D. once
23. A. life B. question C. mouse D. danger
24. A. soldiers B. mice C. heroes D. cowards
25. A. useful B. brave C. nervous D. terrible
26. A. fresh B. poisonous C. warm D. ice-cold
27. A. nervous B. calm C. frightened D. excited
28. A. went B. helped C. spoke D. swam
29. A. in B. under C. above D. from
30. A. seventy-six B. seventy-seven C. seventy-eight D. seventy-nine
31. A. dangerous B. comfortable C. different D. favorable
32. A. afraid B. unable C. ready D. anxious
33. A. gets B. disappears C. happens D. goes
34. A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
35. A. where B. how C. because D. why
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I love living in the city because I can find opportunities for culture, ____36____(educate) and entertainment. I ____37____(live) in London ever since I was five years old. I can visit the museums, the zoo, cinema and community centers ____38____ my free time. I can also read good books in public libraries and bookshops. Besides, I can visit lovely and peaceful parks ____39____(relax) myself. However, the people ____40____ live in the country don't like to live in the city because they feel stressful, noisy and crowded.
I also like living in the country. I can feed cows, goats and chickens, and even learn to ride ____41____ horse. I can also go on nature walks, and explore forests, caves and ____42____(beach). However, some city people think country life is lonely because they think they are cut off from the outside world. They are also more likely to be lonely when ____43____(live) in a big city.
So it is hard to decide whether city life is better than country life or not. ____44____(actual), it's not where you live but how you live that decides ____45____(you) happy life.
第四部分 基础知识（共三节，满分25分）
第一节（每小题1分，满分10分）
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式，每空限一词，填入答题卡时要写完整的单词。
46. Tom ________ (更喜欢) reading books to surfing the Internet when he was young. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
47. Her voice was soft but________(自信的) as she pointed to the corner near the windows. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
48. I’m an ________(交换生) student from the UK. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
49. It ________(使恼怒) him when someone made fun of his bad handwriting. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
50. The child felt f________ when he saw the big fire. (根据首字母单词拼写)
51. We have both junior and a________ training courses. (根据首字母单词拼写)
52. We are ________ (青少年) and have no income. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
53. Zhong Nanshan is an e________ on lung disease. (根据首字母单词拼写)
54. My sister g________ from Heyuan Senior High School in 2019 and entered a quite good university. That’s why I choose to study here. (根据首字母单词拼写)
55. Work hard, or you will fail behind ________ (工作计划). (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
第二节（每小题2分，共10分）
根据中文提示，用适当的形式填入词块以完成句子。注意：每空只填一词。
56. A thousand-mile journey________ ________(始于) the first step. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
57. It is natural for people to ________ ________ ________（被……吸引）beautiful things. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
58. He has recently ________ ________ ________(开始沉迷于) computer games. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
59. I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and ________ ________ ________.（离我远点）(根据汉语提示完成句子）
60. Stress (压力) used to be an almost unknown word, but now we ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (习惯于谈论) it. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
第三节 （每小题1分，共5分）
课本原文填空。
First I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the ____61____ ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very ____62____ language, but I hope to be ____63____ when I graduate. My adviser ____64____ that I should ____65____ up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.
第五部分 写作（满分25分）
66. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Amy来信说她每逢重要考试都会倍感焦虑。请你给她回一封信，内容主要包括：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰；
2. 提出具体三点建议及原因。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1—5 CBBCC 6—10 CABCB 11. lonely 12. at home 13. factory 14. extra 15. winters2021-2022学年广东省河源市河源中学高一上学期10月第一次段考英语试题
本试卷共8页，81小题，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
第一部分：听力理解（共20分）
第一节 听力理解（每小题1.5分，满分15分）
听下面一段话，回答第1-2题。
1. Where are the speakers
A. In Britain. B. In Germany. C. In France.
2. What does the woman do most of the time at work
A. She does some tying.
B. She deals with emails.
C. She answers the telephone.
听下面一段话，回答第3-5题。
3. Why does the man call the woman？
A. To ask about Ron.
B. To tell her some changes.
C. To cancel a meeting.
4. How many copies of the report does the woman have to make in all
A. 50 B. 55 C.60
5. How will the speakers get to the Wilton
A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. On foot.
听下面一段独白，回答6-8题。
6. What will the listeners do first
A. Have lunch.
B. Watch a video.
C. Visit the production area.
7. Who will the listeners meet at 2 pm
A. John White.
B. Matthew Dunston.
C. Jack Brown.
8. Where will the listeners meet at 7:15 pm
A. At a restaurant.
B. At a hotel.
C. At a meeting room.
听下面一段对话，回答第9-10题。
9. What does the man’s wife need to bring to the Watercolors class
A. Paints. B. Paper. C. Pencils.
10. Which class is the cheapest
A. Watercolors. B. Singing. C. Maori.
第二节 听取信息（每小题1分，满分5分）
About my family
Mother She feels ________.She wears traditional Vietnamese clothes ________.
Father He works in a(n) ________.He used to be a doctor.
Two older sisters They worked hard in high school.The school gave them ________ English lessons.
My brother and I We speak good English.We find the ________ are hard to put up with.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution. They join “environment clubs(俱乐部)”. In an environment club, people work together to make our environment clean. Here are some things students often do.
No-garbage (垃圾) lunches. How much do you throw away after lunch Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the least garbage and report them to the whole school.
No-car day. On a no-car day, nobody comes to school in a car. Not the students and not the teachers! Cars give pollution to our air, so remember: walk jump, bike and run. Use your legs! It’s lots of fun..
Turn off the water! Did you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty cubic (立方) meters of water an hour In a year, that would fill a small river! In environment clubs, students mend those broken toilets. We love our environment. Let’s work together to make it clean.
1. From the passage we know the students usually have lunch________.
A. at school B. in shops C. in clubs D. at home
2. After students mend toilets, they save ________.
A. a small river B. a club C. water in cubic meters D. a toilet
3. The writer wrote the passage to ask the students to ________.
A. clean school B. make less pollution C. join clubs D. help teachers
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在世界大部分地区，许多学生帮助他们学校减少污染，他们加入“环境俱乐部”，一起共同努力，使环境干净整洁。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the least garbage and report them to the whole school.”(环境俱乐部要求学生把他们的午餐放在可以再次使用的袋子里。每周他们会选出制造垃圾最少的班级，并报告给全校。)可推断出，学生经常在学校吃午餐，故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段“ Did you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty cubic (立方) meters of water an hour In a year, that would fill a small river! In environment clubs, students mend those broken toilets.”(你知道吗，有些厕所一小时可以浪费掉二十到四十立方水？一年之内，这会填满一条小河！在环境俱乐部，学生们修理那些损坏的厕所。)可知，学生们修补那些损坏的厕所可以节约大量的水，故选C。
3.目的意图题。根据第一段“In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution. They join “environment clubs(俱乐部)”. In an environment club, people work together to make our environment clean. Here are some things students often do.”(在世界大部分地区，许多学生帮助他们的学校减少污染。他们加入了“环境俱乐部”。在一个环境俱乐部中，人们共同努力使我们的环境干净整洁。有一些事是学生经常做的。)可知，第一段是中心思想，第二，三，四段是学生所做的减少环境污染的事，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是为了告诉学生要减少环境污染，故选B。
B
American schools are quite different from those in China. In America, at the beginning of the term, students must select their subjects and teachers first.
Selecting is very important for your grades in America. So at the first term, don’t select too many subjects or you’ll feel very nervous and it may influence your study. Then you have to ask for some teaching plans. There is some information about subjects, timetables, marks and textbooks. At the same time, you must choose the teachers. Different teachers have different teaching methods. If the teacher is called “killer” by the last grade, many students will give up choosing him. Because this kind of teacher will leave too much homework, too many exams and give too low grades.
There is another thing after you select the subjects and the teacher. How to buy textbooks makes each student feel hard. The textbooks in America are very expensive. Each one is about $30-50. In order to save money, many students buy some used textbooks, and some students usually borrow textbooks from the school library.
In class, discussing is very important. The teacher encourages you to ask questions or show your own opinions. They don’t usually ask you to sit well. Instead they allow you to sit or stand everywhere you like.
4. According to the text, American students ________.
A. don’t have to ask for teaching plans
B. don’t have to choose teachers
C. would like to choose strict teachers
D. usually buy some used textbooks in order to save money
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE
A. Students won’t choose the teacher who leaves too much homework.
B. Students won’t choose the teacher who leaves too many exams.
C. Students will choose the teacher who is called “killer”.
D. Students won’t choose the teacher who gives too low marks.
6. What is important in American class
A. Reading. B. Writing. C. Discussing. D. Listening.
7. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the differences between American and Chinese schools.
B. American schools.
C. the differences between American and Chinese students.
D. American school subjects.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国的学校教育。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“In order to save money, many students buy some used textbooks, and some students usually borrow textbooks from the school library.”（为了省钱，许多学生买了一些用过的课本，一些学生通常从学校图书馆借课本。）可知，在美国，因为教材单本比较贵，学生会买一些用过的课本。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“If the teacher is called “killer” by the last grade, many students will give up choosing him. ”（如果老师在最后一个年级被称为“杀手”，许多学生会放弃选择他。）可知，若老师被称为“杀手”，学生就不会选择这个老师。选项C与文意不符，故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“In class, discussing is very important. ”（在课堂上，讨论是非常重要的。）可知，在美国的课堂上，讨论是非常重要的。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一句“American schools are quite different from those in China. ”（美国的学校和中国的很不一样。）可知，美国的学校和中国的学校不同。结合第二段第一句“Selecting is very important for your grades in America.”（在美国，选择对你的成绩很重要。）讲述了在美国学校重要的在于选择。第三段第一句“There is another thing after you select the subjects and the teacher. ”（在你选好科目和老师之后还有一件事。）讲述了选科目和选老师。最后一段第一句 “In class, discussing is very important. ”（在课堂上，讨论是非常重要的。）提到了美国课堂上重在讨论。综上可知，本文主要讲述的为美国的学校教育。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
C
Scientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice, Italy. The robots are designed to act like fish, other underwater creatures and plants. The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called subCULTron. The European Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation (创新) in Europe. The scientists want to use the artificial intelligence of the robots to help humans understand what is happening under the water of the Venice lagoon (潟湖).
SubCULTron, a collective artificial intelligence project, plans to create the biggest shoal (鱼群) of robot fish in the world. The project’s aim is to improve knowledge of the seabed and try to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.
Alexandre Campo, a computer scientist, says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together. The subCULTron project wants its robots to learn to work together so they can watch out for changes and new problems in the water.
One problem the researchers had in the beginning was how the robots would communicate with each other. Wi-Fi and GPS equipment don’t work underwater. Instead，the robots can use sonar (声呐) and an electric field.
Another problem was charging batteries. The robots come up to the water’s surface and stay near a boat or a power station to charge without any electrical cables. Besides, how to be water- proof, especially for some key pads of the robots, was really tough. Fortunately, a special mixture has been created to be pinned on the robot, which successfully stands the test of water.
The health state of the lagoon is pretty good. There are no industrial polluters, and the city now has a modem sewer (污水管) system. It’s not like before when all the waste flushed directly into the water. The robots in Venice will continue their work until 2019. The subCULTron project hopes they develop into “an artificial society underneath the water surface” that serves “a human society above the water”.
8. What can we learn about the project in Paragraph 1
A. Its researchers arc all from universities.
B. The European Union has financially supported it.
C. It uses robots to clean the waters in and around Venice.
D. It is aimed to support science and innovation worldwide.
9. What can we infer according to Alexandre Campo
A. Scientists have got an idea for robots from the animals.
B. The robots are working separately to perform their tasks.
C. SubCULTron is to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.
D. The health state of the lagoon has greatly improved recently.
10. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph probably refers to “ ”.
A. scientists B. animals
C. robots D. humans
11. What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage
A. Robots are coining into our cities soon.
B. Animals can tell us how to clean the water.
C. Waters in Venice have been greatly cleaned.
D. Robot fish watch out for the waters in Venice.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家使用仿生鱼观察威尼斯极其周围水域的水质情况，这是欧洲Horizon 2020计划的一部分。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段The European Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation (创新) in Europe.（欧盟把钱交给作为Horizon 2020项目的一部分的一个项目,这个项目的目的是在欧洲把好的想法从实验室带到市场上，支持科学和创新。）可知欧盟出资支持这一项目。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Alexandre Campo, a computer scientist, says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together.（计算机科学家亚历山大·坎波(Alexandre Campo)表示，科学家们通过观察动物学会集体工作的方式，来了解机器人如何学会一起工作。）可推断，科学家是通过研究动物来了解机器人的工作原理的。故选A。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前句The robots in Venice will continue their work until 2019.（威尼斯的机器人将继续工作到2019年。）以及划线句句意：subCULTron项目希望它们能发展成为一个在水面下的人工社会，为水面上的人类社会服务，因此推断they 指robots。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段前三句Scientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice, Italy. The robots are designed to act like fish, other underwater creatures and plants. The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called subCULTron.（科学家们正在使用机器人研究意大利威尼斯及其周边水域的健康状况。这些机器人被设计成鱼、其他水下生物和植物的样子。科学家们与几所大学和研究中心合作，组成了一个名为subCULTron的组织。）可知文章主要介绍了在意大利机器鱼监测水域。故选D。
D
Trekking (徒步旅行) 500 miles across Spain is no easy task for anyone, but for the wheelchair user Justin Skeesuck, achieving the dream seemed nearly impossible. However, Skeesuck’s lifelong best friend, Patrick Gray, simply didn’t accept that idea. He said, “We’ve done everything together so far. Why don’t we have one more adventure ”
That’s exactly what he did — pushing Skeesuck across northern Spain’s Camino de Santiago. Though Skeesuck has a muscle disease similar to ALS (肌萎缩侧索硬化) and high blood pressure, he first got the idea to go on the journey after he watched a travel show about the trail. He said, “I knew immediately since my heart was just telling me, ‘You need to do this.’”
With Gray on board and the blessings of their family, the two best friends from Idaho set off to make Skeesuck’s dream of going for the journey a reality. However, neither Gray nor Skeesuck realized how physically and emotionally arduous the trip would be. Not only did they have a strict time limit — about six weeks to get from start to finish, but they also faced extremely difficult obstacles (障碍). With Gray pushing Skeesuck in a three-wheel wheelchair, the pair crossed mountains, rivers and a desert. “I’ve never been that physically exhausted in my entire life,” Gray said. The pair came across countless kind people during their trip who were eager to help them finish their journey, but they refused their help with gentle words. 34 days later, the two best friends finished their journey, realizing a dream that helped them learn about themselves and others. “The adventure has taught me for sure that when you do something with faith, and never give up, amazing things can really happen,” Skeesuck said.
Gray recorded their incredible trip in a book — “I’ll Push You: A Journey of 500 Miles, Two Best Friends and One Wheelchair”, which would be published soon. Skeesuck and Gray are also working on a children’s book that will tell the story of their adventure. They hope that the book will give kids strength when they deal with difficulties.
12. What can we learn about Patrick Gray from Paragraph 1
A. He is a wheelchair user.
B. He has been to Spain several times before.
C. He wanted to challenge what was thought impossible.
D. He didn’t think trekking 500 miles was an adventure.
13. What does the underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Relaxing. B. Disappointing.
C. Challenging. D. Satisfying.
14. What can we infer about the pair’s journey from Paragraph 3
A. They set off on foot. B. They finished it ahead of time.
C. They received a lot of help. D. They met with no difficulties.
15. Why did the two friends write a children’s book on that journey
A. To encourage kids to face difficulties bravely.
B. To earn some money by selling books.
C. To persuade kids to take a trip to Spain.
D. To show kids the beautiful natural scenery.
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Skeesuck患有类似肌萎缩侧索硬化，他最好的朋友Gray推着他徒步旅行500英里，完成了跨越西班牙的一次冒险。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段第一句“Trekking（徒步旅行）500 miles across Spain．．．seemed nearly impossible”以及后面Gray说的话中的“Why don’t we have one more adventure”可知，Gray打算挑战别人认为不可能的事情。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“Not only did they have a strict time limit．．．but they also faced extremely difficult obstacles （障碍）”可知，他们不仅有严格的时限，而且还面临着极其困难的障碍。由此推断，他们的行程非常 “艰巨，费力”，与C项意思相近。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。从第三段第三句中的“Not only did they have a strict time limit — about six weeks to get from start to finish”以及第三段倒数第二句中的“34 days later，the two best friends finished their journey”可推知，他们原定6周完成这次旅行。但是34天后，他们就完成了行程。因此他们提前完成了那次旅行。B选项正确。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段最后一句“They hope that．．．when they deal with difficulties”可知，Skeesuck和Gray写儿童书籍是为了鼓励孩子们勇敢地面对困难。A选项正确。
【点睛】根据语境来推测词义。语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。例如在第二小题中，考生可以根据画线词后面的语境推断出其词义。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余。
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every walking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
Schedule yearly exams.
___16___ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
Protect against UV rays .
Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. ____17____ Give your eyes a break.
Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. ____18____ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
____19____.
As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses.
Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. ____20____
Otherwise: you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过给出五个建议，描述如何拥有健康视力。
【16题详解】
由空格处后的句子Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.可知，专家建议父母们应在孩子6到12月时就应带他们去医生那里做一个仔细的检查。选项B：眼睛护理应开始于早期。前后句呼应，故选B项。
【17题详解】
空格上一句No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses.提到，无论什么季节，戴太阳镜都很重要。选项C：他们可以适当保护你的眼睛。they指代太阳镜，前后呼应，故选C项。
【18题详解】
空格上一句Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.提到，三分之二的美国人每天花费七个小时使用电脑或是电子产品。选项G：这些频繁的用眼活动增加了眼睛疲劳的风险。前后呼应，故选G项。
【19题详解】
由空格处下一段As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.可知，保护视力要多吃蔬菜和水果，里面的维生素对眼睛有好处。与选项A：吃青菜，前后内容呼应，故选A项。
【20题详解】
空格前面的内容提到，美国人戴隐形眼镜来提高视力，空格后面Otherwise: you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.否则，你可能会有红眼病，眼痛或是更多严重的眼睛问题。选项F：为了佩戴舒适，要遵从医生的建议，使空格前后内容衔接自然，故选F项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Are you a man or a mouse When people ask this question, they want to know whether you think you are a ____21____ person or a coward （懦夫）. But you will never really know the answer to this question ____22____ you are tested in real life. Some people think they are brave but when they come face to face with real ____23____, they act like cowards. Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like ____24____.
Lenny had always thought of himself as a ____25____ person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. Then, on January 15th, 2002, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. He saw a woman in the ____26____ water. Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very ____27____ and did a very courageous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, ____28____ to the woman, and kept her head ____29____ the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not ____30____.
When you are in a very ____31____ situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. The chemical is called adrenalin. With adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and stronger and are ____32____ to fight or run away. However, when you are absolutely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this ____33____, the muscles become very hard and you find you ____34____ move at all. You are then paralyzed（使无能为力） with fear. This is ____35____ when we are very frightened, we sometimes say we’re “petrified”. This word comes from the Greek word “petros”, which means “stone”. We are so frightened that we become stonelike.
21. A. brave B. real C. hard D. certain
22. A. when B. until C. after D. once
23. A. life B. question C. mouse D. danger
24. A. soldiers B. mice C. heroes D. cowards
25. A. useful B. brave C. nervous D. terrible
26. A. fresh B. poisonous C. warm D. ice-cold
27. A. nervous B. calm C. frightened D. excited
28. A. went B. helped C. spoke D. swam
29. A. in B. under C. above D. from
30 A. seventy-six B. seventy-seven C. seventy-eight D. seventy-nine
31. A. dangerous B. comfortable C. different D. favorable
32. A. afraid B. unable C. ready D. anxious
33. A. gets B. disappears C. happens D. goes
34. A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
35. A. where B. how C. because D. why
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。从Lenny的故事介绍了懦弱的人在关键时刻也会表现的很勇敢,并且介绍这种情况的生理原因。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们问这个问题时，他们想知道你是一个勇敢的人还是一个懦夫。A. brave勇敢的；B.real真的；C.hard困难的；D. certain确定的。和 coward(懦夫)对应的是brave。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但你永远不会真正知道这个问题的答案，直到你在现实生活中接受考验。A.when当……时候；B.until直到；C. after在……后面；D.once一旦,曾经。根据 until和否定词连用,表示直到……才。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人认为他们很勇敢，但当他们面对真正的危险时，他们表现得像懦夫。 A.life生活；B. question问题；C mouse老鼠；D. danger危险。根据后面的“ they act like cowards.”（他们表现得像懦夫。），可知是面对危险。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他人认为自己是懦夫，但当他们遇到危险时，他们表现得像英雄。A. soldiers士兵；B. mice老鼠；C. heroes英雄； D.cowards懦夫。从前面的Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger（其他人认为自己是懦夫，但当他们遇到危险时，）可知是heroes。选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lenny一直认为自己是一个神经紧张的人。A. useful有用的；B.brave勇敢的；C. nervous紧张的；D. terrible可怕的。根据后面的got worried（变得担心）可知应该是nervous。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他看到一个女人在冰冷的水里。A. fresh新鲜的；B.poisonous有毒的；C.warm温暖的；D.ice-cold 冰冷的。根据前文的January，因为是一月份,所以是ice-cold，冰冷的。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他保持非常冷静，做了一件非常勇敢的事。A. nervous紧张的；B. calm 镇定的；C. frightened害怕的； D. excited兴奋的。根据后半句“did a very courageous thing”（做了一件非常勇敢的事）可知应该是冷静镇定的。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跳进波托马克河，游向那个女人，并把她的头保持在水面之上。 A.went去；B. helped帮助；C. spoke说话；D.sam游泳。根据 jumped into the Potomac（跳进波托马克河），可知是跳进河里游向那个女人。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：他跳进波托马克河，游向那个女人，并把她的头保持在水面之上。A.in在……里面；B. under在……下面；C. above 在…之上；D. from从……。结合常识，救人应该是把她的头保持在水面之上。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查数词词义辨析。句意：那天有78人死亡。多亏了莱尼，这不是79人。A. seventy-six 76；B. seventy-seven 77；C. seventy-eight 78；D. seventy-nine 79。根据空格前“Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not ”（那天有78人死亡。多亏了莱尼，这不是）所以应该是救了一个人，不是79人。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你处于非常危险的境地并感到害怕时，身体会自动在血液中产生一种化学物质。A. dangerous危险的；B. comfortable舒服的；C different不同的；D. favorable有利的。根据后面的feel afraid（感觉害怕），可知当你处于非常危险的境地并感到害怕时，身体会自动在血液中产生一种化学物质。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着肾上腺素进入血液系统，你实际上会感觉越来越强大，并准备好战斗或逃跑。A. afraid害怕的；B. unable不能够；C. ready 准备好了的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据后文的“ to fight or run away”（战斗或逃跑）可知应该是准备好了战斗或逃跑。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这种情况发生时，肌肉变得非常坚硬，你发现你根本不能动。A.gets得到；Bdisappears消失；C. happens发生；D.goes去。根据“the muscles become very hard”可知，当这个发生的时候,你的肌肉会更硬,故选C。
【34题详解】
考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：当这种情况发生时，肌肉变得非常坚硬，你发现你根本不能动。A. needn’t 不必；B. can’t不能，不可能；C. mustn’t禁止；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据常识，肌肉变得非常坚硬，应该是不能动。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查连接词辨析。句意：这就是为什么当我们非常害怕时，我们有时会说我们“石化”。A. where 在哪里；B. how 如何；C. because 因为；D. why为什么。系动词之后的表语从句是原因，所以用why引导。故选D。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I love living in the city because I can find opportunities for culture, ____36____(educate) and entertainment. I ____37____(live) in London ever since I was five years old. I can visit the museums, the zoo, cinema and community centers ____38____ my free time. I can also read good books in public libraries and bookshops. Besides, I can visit lovely and peaceful parks ____39____(relax) myself. However, the people ____40____ live in the country don't like to live in the city because they feel stressful, noisy and crowded.
I also like living in the country. I can feed cows, goats and chickens, and even learn to ride ____41____ horse. I can also go on nature walks, and explore forests, caves and ____42____(beach). However, some city people think country life is lonely because they think they are cut off from the outside world. They are also more likely to be lonely when ____43____(live) in a big city.
So it is hard to decide whether city life is better than country life or not. ____44____(actual), it's not where you live but how you live that decides ____45____(you) happy life.
【答案】36. education
37. have lived##have been living
38. in 39. to relax
40. who 41. a
42. beaches
43. living 44. Actually
45. your
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章作者通过讲述自己在城市和乡村的生活经历，说明了这样一个道理——事实上，不是你在哪里生活，而是你如何生活，决定你的幸福生活。
【详解】1.考查名词。句意：我喜欢生活在城市，因为我可以获得文化、教育和娱乐的机会。介词for之后，用名词，所以填education。故填education。
2.考查时态。句意：我从五岁起就住在伦敦。根据句中ever since I was five years old可知，空白处的时态可以用现在完成时，强调住在伦敦带给我的结果；也可以用现在完成进行时，表示我一直住在伦敦，这个动作还有可能继续下去。故填have lived/have been living。
3.考查介词。句意：在我的空闲时间，我可以参观博物馆、动物园、电影院和社区中心。表示“在……期间”，用短语in one's free time，故填in。
4.考查不定式。句意：此外，为了放松我自己，我去令人愉快和宁静的公园游玩。文中表示“为了放松我自己”，所以用不定式作目的状语，填to relax。
5.考查定语从句。句意：然而，生活在这座城市的一些人们不喜欢生活在这座城市，因为他们感觉有压力、吵闹和拥挤。分析可知，__5___live in the country为定语从句，修饰先行词the people，空白处在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who，故填who。
6.考查冠词。句意：我能喂牛、羊和鸡，甚至学骑一匹马。文中泛指“一匹马”，horse的首字母发音是元音，所以填不定冠词a。故填a。
7.考查名词复数。句意：我还可以去大自然散步，探索森林，洞穴和海滩。beach“沙滩”为可数名词，根据设空前and，可知此处和nature walks, and explore forests, caves为并列关系，此处没有冠词限定，所以要用名词的复数形式。故填beaches。
8.考查省略。句意：他们在大城市生活时也更容易感到孤独。分析可知，此处为时间状语从句when they are living in a big city的省略句，状语从句的主语they和主句的主语they为同一对象，同时状语从句使用了be动词，所以省略了从句的主语和be动词。所以填living。故填living。
9.考查副词。句意：事实上，不是你在哪里生活，而是你如何生活，决定你的幸福生活。该空位于句首，修饰整个句子，用副词，所以填Actually。
10.考查代词。句意同上。空白后为名词短语，所以此处要用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填your。
第四部分 基础知识（共三节，满分25分）
第一节（每小题1分，满分10分）
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式，每空限一词，填入答题卡时要写完整的单词。
46. Tom ________ (更喜欢) reading books to surfing the Internet when he was young. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】preferred
【解析】
【详解】考查动词及时态。句意：汤姆年轻时喜欢读书而不喜欢上网。结合汉语提示可知填入prefer的适当形式，结合时间状语从句的was，可知用一般过去时。故填preferred。
47. Her voice was soft but________(自信的) as she pointed to the corner near the windows. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】confident
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她指着窗户附近的角落，声音柔和但是自信。分析句子可知和soft并列应该填入形容词，结合所给汉语提示应填入confident。故填confident。
48. I’m an ________(交换生) student from the UK. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】exchange
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我是一名来自英国的交换生。根据汉语提示可知，“交换生”是exhange student，此处exchange是名词作定语，故填exchange。
49. It ________(使恼怒) him when someone made fun of his bad handwriting. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】annoyed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：当有人取笑他糟糕的书法时，他很恼火。根据汉语提示“使恼怒”可知应填动词annoy，作谓语，结合后文made可知用一般过去时。故填annoyed。
50. The child felt f________ when he saw the big fire. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】frightened##rightened
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：那孩子看到大火时感到害怕。根据单词首字母以及句意“害怕的”，可知应填-ed结尾形容词frightened，作表语修饰人。故填frightened。
51. We have both junior and a________ training courses. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】advanced##dvanced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们有初级和高级培训课程。根据首字母提示、句意及设空后名词可知，此处要用形容词作定语来修饰名词。advanced“高级的”为形容词，故填advanced。
52. We are ________ (青少年) and have no income. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】teenagers
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们都是青少年，没有啥收入。根据括号内单词提示，青少年teenager是可数名词，空格前没有冠词a修饰。故填复数形式teenagers。
53. Zhong Nanshan is an e________ on lung disease. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】expert##xpert
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：钟南山是一位肺病专家。结合不定冠词an可知，用单数名词expert作表语。故填expert。
54. My sister g________ from Heyuan Senior High School in 2019 and entered a quite good university. That’s why I choose to study here. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】graduated##raduated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我姐姐2019年从河源高中毕业，进入了一所很好的大学。这就是我选择在这里学习的原因。根据单词首字母以及句意“毕业”，可知应填动词graduate，结合后文in 2019可知应用一般过去时。故填graduated。
55. Work hard, or you will fail behind ________ (工作计划). (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】schedule
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：努力工作，否则你就会赶不上工作计划。这里空白处作behind的宾语，需要一个名词，应使用schedule表示“工作计划”。故填schedule。
第二节（每小题2分，共10分）
根据中文提示，用适当的形式填入词块以完成句子。注意：每空只填一词。
56. A thousand-mile journey________ ________(始于) the first step. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. begins##starts ②. with
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：千里之行，始于足下。begin/start with sth. (从某事开始)，讲的事实，时态用一般现在时，主语A thousand-mile journey是单数概念，谓语单数形式。故填①begins/starts ②with。
57. It is natural for people to ________ ________ ________（被……吸引）beautiful things. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. be ②. attracted ③. to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：人们被美丽的事物所吸引是很自然的。根据汉语提示可知填入be attracted to表示被动，结合句子结构“it is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.”中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填入be动词原形即可。故填be attracted to。
58. He has recently ________ ________ ________(开始沉迷于) computer games. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. become##been##got ②. addicted ③. to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他最近开始沉迷于电脑游戏。根据汉语意思可知，此处应用动词短语become/be/get addicted to，根据句意以及空格前的助动词has可知，动词应用过去分词，故填①become/been/got；②addicted；③to。
59. I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and ________ ________ ________.（离我远点）(根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. leave ②. me ③. alone
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我真想对他说:请安静点，别烦我! 固定短语：leave me alone意为“别理我，别烦我”，该短语在句中做宾补，和to be quiet并列，所以用不定式形式，因前面有to ，所以省略to。故填①leave② me③ alone。
60. Stress (压力) used to be an almost unknown word, but now we ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (习惯于谈论) it. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 ①. get/are/become ②. used ③. to ④. talking ⑤. about
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：压力过去几乎是个未知的词，但现在我们已经完全习惯了。根据汉语提示，可知此处要用短语：get/be/become used to doing sth.，意为“习惯于做某事”，结合句中now we及句意可知，空白处的时态为一般现在时，be要用are，故填①get/are/become②used③to④talking⑤about。
第三节 （每小题1分，共5分）
课本原文填空。
First I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the ____61____ ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very ____62____ language, but I hope to be ____63____ when I graduate. My adviser ____64____ that I should ____65____ up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.
【答案】61 suitable
62. difficult
63. fluent 64. recommended
65. sign
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的选课事宜。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：学校顾问帮我选择了合适的课程：数学、英语、化学、世界历史和语文。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“选择合适的课程”，此处用形容词suitable作定语，修饰代词ones。故填suitable。
【62题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我知道中文是一门很难学的语言，但我希望毕业后能说一口流利的中文。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“一门很难学的语言”，此处用形容词difficult作定语，修饰名词language。故填difficult。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我知道中文是一门很难学的语言，但我希望毕业后能说一口流利的中文。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“（说中文）变得流利”，此处用形容词fluent作表语。故填fluent。
【64题详解】
考查时态。句意：我的导师建议我报名参加高级文学，因为我喜欢英语，而且我擅长英语。结合上文可知，该空处句意为“我的导师建议”，recommend为谓语动词，结合上文可知，讲过去发生的事情，recommend时态用一般过去时。故填recommended。
【65题详解】
考查动词原形。句意：我的导师建议我报名参加高级文学，因为我喜欢英语，而且我擅长英语。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“报名参加高级文学”， sign up for…(报名参加……)符合句意，情态动词should+动词原形。故填sign。
第五部分 写作（满分25分）
66. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Amy来信说她每逢重要考试都会倍感焦虑。请你给她回一封信，内容主要包括：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰；
2. 提出具体三点建议及原因。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Amy,
I'm sorry to hear that you feel rather nervous whenever you're taking any important exam. Most of us have such bad times, so don't worry too much about it. I'd like to offer you some useful tips.
First, it's important to have a right attitude towards exams. They help you check how you are getting along with your studies, so the results are not the most important. If you study hard and make careful plans for every exam, you can be more confident. Second, getting enough sleep can make you energetic so that you can perform well in an exam. Therefore, you should not stay up too late. Finally, you can do some outdoor exercises to keep yourself relaxed before an exam.
I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Amy写封信，对她每逢重要考试都会倍感焦虑这一问题提供建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
非常：more than→rather
担心：be concerned about →worry about
建议：suggestions/advice→tips
重要的：vital/crucial=important
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First, it's important to have a right attitude towards exams.
拓展句：First, it's important that you should have a right attitude towards exams.
【点睛】[高分句型1] They help you check how you are getting along with your studies (运用了how引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Second, getting enough sleep can make you energetic so that you can perform well in an exam. (运用了so that引导的目的状语从句)
听力答案：1—5 CBBCC 6—10 CABCB 11. lonely 12. at home 13. factory 14. extra 15. winters
