Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 导学学案

高一英语必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 导学学案
第一课时： Words and warming-up
课型：新授课
学习目标：
1. 能够熟练朗读本单元的单词和短语。
2. 复习并且写出本单元重点词汇的同根词。
学习内容与过程：
Task 1
I. 课堂自主朗读Unit 3的生词和短语（10minutes）。 请在下面写出你不熟悉的词汇。
II. 同桌之间检查朗读效果，并互相纠正(5min)。
Task 2
III. 根据自己的知识尝试写出同根词(10min)
1.astronomy _ → n. _________ 天文学家
2.religion __ → adj. _____________
3.atom _____ → adj. _____________
4.globe____→ adj._____________
5.violent_____ →n. _____________
6.unlike_____ →ant. ____________
7.presence__→adj. _________________ → n. ________________礼物 → v. _________________
8.harmful ___ → n. _____________ → ant. _____________
9. puzzle____ →adj.____________ _______________(两个)
10.biology __ → n. _________ 生物学家
11.gentle ____ → adv. ___________
12.physicist __ → n. __________ 物理
13.lessen ____ →adj. ___________
14.weightlessly ___→ adj. ___________ →n. _________→ v. _________
15.exhaust _ → adj._____________ → adj._____________
Keys: 1. astronomer; 2. religious; 3.atomic; 4. global; 5. violence; 6. like; 7. present; present; present; 8. harm; harmless; 9. Biologist; 10. gently; 11. physics; 12. less; 13. weightless; weight, weigh; 14. exhausted; exhausting
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
Christians go to the church every week. They have a strong _____________ belief. They always believe in their _____________. (religion)
The pollutions made by people have caused the _____________ warming. So human beings should protect our _____________. (globe)
As a middle school student, we should not use _____________ to solve problems. We should fight against the _____________ actions. (violent)
The _____________ of water made it possible for life to begin, but some kind of animals have died out at _____________.
The people _____________ at the party can get a beautiful _____________. (present)
Playing too much computer games does _____________ to our study. It’s also _____________ to stare at the computer for a long time. (harmful)
The gentleman put the little cat on the _____________ cloth _____________. (gentle)
The source of the earth becomes _____________ and _____________. We should _____________ the harm to the earth.(lessen)
Working hard for a whole week, I feel so ____________ that I am tried of the ____________work. (exhaust)
1. religious; religion; 2. global; globe; 3. violence; violent; 4. presence; present; present; present; 5. harm; harmful; 6. gentle; gently; 7. less; less; lessen; 8. exhausted; exhausting
Task 3 warming-up
IV. Discussion（10min）
Talk about the solar system:
How many planets circle around the sun in our solar system What are they
Talk about different ideas about how life began on earth. What do the scientists say about how life began
第二课时： Reading: How life began on the earth; A visit to the moon
课型：新授课
学习目标：
1. To enable the students to know something about the origin of life on the earth.
2. Enable the students to master some English expressions and phrases about the reading.
3. Grasp the basic reading skills: skimming and scanning.
Task1: Reading Comprehension: How life began on the earth
1. Complete reading the passage and finish the relevant exercises on the text book and Student Times under the guidance of your teachers. (在科任老师的指导下完成本篇阅读理解，并完成书本上以及双语报上相关的阅读理解题。)
1) Skimming: P27，Ex1
2) Scanning: Student Times vol.31 Close Reading
2. Please write down the main idea of the passage in 30 words
__ The passage mainly tells us how the earth came into being and the development of life on the earth.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Homework: Phrases collecting:
P25-26
1.根据；按照 9.也,又
2.以…开始 10.下蛋
3.往/从各个方向 11.仍然是个谜
4.及时,终于 12.产生;分娩
5.冷却下来 13.轮到某人,接着
6.允许…做某事 14.阻止,制止
7.连锁反应 15.因为,由于…的原因
8.用…充满… 16.依靠;取决于
1.according to
2.begin with
3.in all directions
4.in time
5.cool down
6. allow…to do…
7.a chain reaction
8.fill…with…
9.as well as
10.lay eggs
11.remain a mystery
12.give birth to
13. in one’s turn
14.prevent…from
15.as a result of
16.depend on
第三课时 Extensive Reading：A visit to the moon
Task 1: Read the passage and answer the following questions:
1.How many times did the gravity change Which one is the strongest
a. on the earth
b. far from the earth
c. on the moon
2. How about the weight Where are you heavier
a. on the earth
b. on the moon
Task 2: Long and difficult sentences.
1. Last month, I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.
2. It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other.
这种引力太强了，以至于women彼此间都不能说话了。
3. “so we feel as if there is no gravity at all”
所以我们感觉好像没有地球引力了。
feel/ sound/look/seem as if…
4. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not as strong a pull as the earth’s.
当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不想地球的引力那么大。
5. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin __watching
_ the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
动词ing形式在句中充当_ 伴随状语__ 成分
6. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
→But when I tried to step forward, I found _myself carried_ twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
复习find sb./sth. + 分词 的结构，现在/过去分词充当__宾补___成分。
写出fall 其他词组 __fall down, fall to, fall in love (with), fall asleep
7. (1) _Walking _does need _____ a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
(2) __Leaving_the moon’s gravity __was ___not as painful as leaving the earth’s.（挖空）
(3) But __Returning to __ the earth __was _ very frightening. （挖空）
总结: 动名词v-ing在以上句子中当__主语__成分, 第一句中，do+ 动词原形，表示__强调___
动名词v-ing做主语，谓语用__单数___(单数还是复数？)
Task 3: 翻译下列短语
P29.17.挡住（光线）
P30-31
18.很幸运做某事
19.有机会做某事
20.离开;起程
21.好像,仿佛
22.一点也不;根本不
23.欢呼
24. 既然
25. 掌握;适应
26. 爆发
27.当心；密切注视
block out
be lucky enough to do
have a chance to do
be off
as if
not/no…at all
cheer up
now that
get the hang of
break out
watch out
收获：存在问题：
第四课时：Language points of reading 1 and reading 2
课型：新授课
学习目标：
1 . 词汇拓展，重点句型（参考双语报）
2．掌握本单元10个广州市基础句子；
3. 学会理解并翻译一些长难句；(参考双语报)
Task 1: 词汇拓展 (参看双语报31期，B2版)
exist
puzzle
pull
in one’s turn
cheer up
break out
lay; vt 放置，产；过去式__laid_;过去分词__laid__；现在分词__laying___
摆餐桌__lay the table__; 把衣服放在椅子上___lay the clothes over the chair___;下蛋__lay eggs_
对比：lie 说谎；躺；位于
lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺;位于
lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎
prevent v.—prevention n. –preventive adj.
vt. 维生素C可以预防感冒。Vitamin C is supposed to __prevent colds ___
vi. 如没有什么阻碍的话, 我们明天来。We shall come tomorrow if _nothing prevents__
prevent…from… 阻止，制止；与此相同的有__stop / keep … (from) doing____
雨使我们不能踢足球了。The rain couldn't prevent us from playing football__________
take preventive measure 采取预防性措施；
Prevention is better than cure. 治病不如防病；防患于未然是上策
Task 2: 长难句
一．总结：以下下划线句子，都是_____主语从句____，在句子中，做__主语___(填写成分)
P25, L6. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
P26, L13. What is even important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
L18. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
L20. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
L50. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
二．总结：以下下划线引导词引导的都是_定于从句 在句子中，__which_(下划线要填的词) 代指__主句
1.L10. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases , which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
2. L25. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
3.L47 They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
Task 3: 广州市要求掌握的10个基础句子
1. 既然你已经通过了驾驶考试，你就可以独自开车了。(now that)
2. 是什么事使他不能参加我们的会议仍然是个谜。(prevent…from)
3. 昨天晚会的气氛非常欢快，每一个人都度过了美好的时光。(atmosphere; joyful)
4. 当他意识到他可以及时到达赶上飞机时，他终于振奋起来。(in time; cheer up)
5. 听说她生了一个如此大的男婴，我们都感到非常惊讶。（give birth to）
6. 我经常感到疑惑，为什么有些家长允许自己的孩子观看暴力影片。（wonder; allow）
7. 宇航员能否浮起来要看引力是否足够小。(whether; depend on)
8. 根据被广泛接受的原理, 宇宙起源于大爆炸. (according to, accept, begin with)
9. 水将对生命发展有关键作用在当时并不明显。(it was…that…; is to; fundamental)
10. 我们离月亮太远，感受不到它的引力。(too…to…; pull)
1. Now that you have passed the driving test, you can drive on your own.
2. What prevented him from attending our meeting still remains a mystery.
3. The atmosphere at the party yesterday was very joyful and everyone had a great time.
4. He finally cheered up when he realized he would arrive in time to catch the plane.
5. We were amazed to hear that she had given birth to such a large baby boy.
6. I often wonder why some parents allow their children to watch violent movies.
7. Whether the astronaut can float depends on whether the force of gravity is small enough.
8. According to the widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”.
9. It was not obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
10. We’re too far from the moon to feel its pull.
第五课时：课型：新授课 名词性从句--- 主语从句
学习目标：
回顾各种句子成分；
掌握主语从句的用法；
（参看双语报第31期B3）
什么是主语从句？________________________________________________________________________
主语从句的引导词
主语从句的引导词和其他名词性从句的引导词大致相同
注意：a) 句；that _____能省略；
b)“是否”的时候，只用__________，不用_____
c) 代词________，________，________，________等在句中作________，________，________等，
____能省略。
d) 词________，________，________，________等在句中作________，___能省略
it作形式主语
第六课时： Writing：Student Times vol.31 A3 基础写作
以下为神州八号无人飞行器的相关信息：
神州八号于2011年11月1日5时58分顺利发射升空
升空后，神州八号与2011年9月29日发射的天宫一号对接（dock）
神州八号将于以后将会发射的神州九号、神州十号一起组成中国首个空间实验室。
写作内容：
假设你在神州八号发射的当天观看了中央电视台的电视直播，请结合以上资料，写一篇短文介绍相关情况，以及你的感受。
写作准备：
发射 launch ( be launched)
无人飞行器 unmanned spacecraft
与……对接 be docked with
空间实验室 space laboratory
与……一起 together with
组成 make up
写作：
On November 1st, 2011, I watched the live launch of the unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou-8, on CCTV. At 5:58 in the early morning, Shenshou-8 was launched perfectly into the air. After it entered space, Shenzhou-8 would be docked with Tiangong-1, which had already been launched into space on September 29th, 2011. What’s more exciting is that Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10 will begin their journey in space soon in the future, and these three spaceships will make up China’s first space laboratory. The launches of Shenzhou spacecrafts is of remarkable significance in China’s space project. I feel so excited and proud of our country, and look forward to the greater achievement in the future.
收获：
存在问题：
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