2022届高考英语复习 名词性从句 学案 语法体系长难句攻克阅读作文第四讲（无答案）
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“高考英语高分捷径” 学会长难句4 名词性从句
(阅读理解和作文实战）
一．兴趣导入：有一个包括5个that的英语句子对吗？
He said (that) that "that" that he used was wrong.
I think that that “that ” that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.
知识点回顾(宾语从句）
1. that
2. if/ whether
3. who/whom/whose/what
4. why/where/when/how/how many
三．专题讲解
（一）．名词从句分类:
（二）．名词性从句的判断：根据从句在整句话所作的成分来判断。
1. When we will start is not clear.________从句
2. Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.___________从句
3. My idea is that we should do it right now. __________从句
4. We heard the news that our team had won. ___________从句
（三）．引导词
连 词 that/whether/if /because 连接，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what/which/who/whom/whose/whatever/… 连接且作主、宾、定语等
连接副词 when/where/why/how 连接且做状语
注意：名词性从句高考考查
①引导词的选择与判断；
②词序：陈述语序；
③时态：注意主从句时态的呼应
考点一 、主语从句： 在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。
1. That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.
2. Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.
3. What he said is not true .
常考考点：在实际应用中，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语that从句后置
It + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句
It is necessary/ important /that… 有必要/重要的是…
注意：此时从句语气要用虚拟语气：(should) +v.(原形)，should可以省略。
Eg. It is necessary that a new plan should be designed at once.
It + be + -ed分词 ＋ that从句
It is believed/said that… 人们相信/说…
It is known to us/all that …. 众所周知…
It has been decided that…… 已经决定……
Eg. It’s reported that no one was killed in the earthquake.
必考考点1： It is said/reported…that= Sb is said/reported…to do/to be doing/to have done.
The bad weather is reported _______ the passenger plane crash in Iran on January 9．
A． to contribute to B． contributing to C． contributed to D． to have contributed to
必考考点2：It is suggested that…“建议…” 从句用虚拟语气(should + v.原), should 可以省。
It was suggested that we should start earlier at the meeting.
It + be + 名词 ＋ that从句
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is a surprise/pity… that …. 令人惊奇/遗憾的是…
It is a pity that we can’t go.
It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句
It appears that… 似乎…
It happens that …. 碰巧…
It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……
It doesn’t make any difference whether ......or not.
It remains to be seen whether.............
三．典型例题和变式练习
1.________ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
2. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
3.________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
If B. Whether C. That D. Where
4.________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
5. ______ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.
A. That B. What C. Why D. If
6. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.
A .while B. that C. if D. for
7. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.
A .however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
8. It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time.
A．how B. that C. when D. what
9. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
10. It is suggested that we ________ to the park later.
A. will go B. went C. go D. has gone
考点二 、表语从句: 在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be等系动词后面)叫做表语从句。
结构： “主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that不可省略。另外，常用的还有The reason（why…）is that… 和It is because 等结构。
The question is whether it is worth
注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”
1. The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
2. The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because
3. _______ I can’t understand is _______ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because
4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s ______ I got wet all through.
A. how B. because C. why D. that
5. He is absent today. That’s ______ he is ill.
A. when B. because C. why D. that
6. See the flags on top of the building That was ______we did this morning.
A、 when B. which C. where D. what
7. Go and get your coat. It's _______you left it.
A .there B. where C. there were D. where there
考点三、同位语从句 ：同位语从句和前面的名词在句中处于同等地位。
结构： n.+ 从句
比较定语从句 ： ① 定语从句是修饰先行词的；而同位语从句与先行词等同。
②引导词常用 “that”。
③ 常见的同位语从句的先行词多为抽象名词：fact, news, idea, thought, theory, belief, doubt, explanation， truth，hope，problem，information，promise，hope，message，possibility，chance等
同位语从句需注意的问题
1. 同位语从句的引导词通常用that，不能省略。
2. 有时也用疑问代词who, which, what 或疑问副词when, where, why 引导。
3. that 在句中不作成分，其它引导词都能充当一定的成分。
4. 同位语所表达的含义与先行词等同。
5. 先行词多为抽象名词
同位语从句和定语从句比较练习
1. I heard about the news that he got a full mark in this examination.（ 从句）
2. This is good news that I heard from Mary. （ 从句）
1. Do you have any idea ___is actually going on in the classroom？ （辽宁）
A. that B. what C. as D. which
2. （上海卷）Along with the letter was his promise___ he would visit me this coming Christmas
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
3. ___is no possibility ___Bob can win the first prize in the match. （上海）
A. there； that B. it ；that C. there ，whether D. it ； whether
4.（天津卷）There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C until D of
5. Information has been put forward ____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
6. （四川卷）—— It's thirty years since we last met.
------ But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
7. （浙江卷）Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
8. Is this the reason ____at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？ （上海）
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
考点四．宾语从句：从句在整句话中作某动词或介词宾语。
考点1：引导词的运用（that可省；if可以引导宾语从句）
(1) I don’t know ___________or not.
A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home
(2) This depends on _________ the weather is fine.
A. which B. whether C. if D. that
(3) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.
A. which B. where C. if D. that
(4) --- Do you know _______ Mr. Black’s address is
--- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.
A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where
whether和if 同时出现引导名词从句时，优先选择whether.
①whether…or not ②作介词宾语时如（2）
考点2：宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序
(1) Did you find out ______
A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for
C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for
(2) I don’t know _____. Can you tell me
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are、
(3) She asked Tom ________ with his car
A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter
考点3：主从句时态呼应
（1) The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun.
A. goes B. go C. went D. will go
(2) We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam.
A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass
(3) “Could you tell me______ ” “ Yes. They______ to the library.”
A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have been
C. where the twins are, have gone D. where the twins were, have gone
考点4： it做形式宾语
I find _____ important that we practice English every day.
A. it B. this C. that D. what
四．巩固练习：
名词性从句专项训练
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
名词性从句三要素是什么？？？
五．拓展训练
名词性从句八大高考热点分析
（一）、连接词what与that的用法区别
What引导名词从句要在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分；that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。
1.________ we can’t get seems better than ________ we have.
A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
2. ________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. _________ the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
A. What B. That C. How D. If
）连接词whether和if的用法区别。
_______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
）名词性从句的语序。
与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。
1. No one can be sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
2. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
）形式主语、形式宾语it。
_______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
五．）who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。
一般说来，what/who等含疑问意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如：
1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
2.____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
3.I can’t remember at the moment has said the words. （ who/whoever ）
六．)where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。
I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
Is that _______ you had a few days off
A. why B. when C. that D. where
—Do you remember ____ he came
—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. How B. when C. that D. if
七．)“介词+who(m)” 引导的宾语从句
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：
It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
八、)连接词that的省略。
引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。
China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _______ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it
六．反思总结：
解题金钥匙
判断从句类型
分析从句成分是否齐全（从句是否缺成分）
语意（尤其是选连接副词）
七．板书设计 作文万能句总结
I didn’t understand ______this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
_______is important is that we let others know we care about them.
The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ____the boy would do.
名词性从句
当堂过手训练： （快练五分钟，稳准建奇功！）
1、—When shall we gather again
—Anytime _______ we are engaged in our work.
A. except that B. except when C. except it D. except for
2、—Excuse me，sir.Could you tell me the way to the railway station
—Sorry，I'm a stranger here myself.You are supposed to ask，I'm afraid，________ is a native.
A．someone B．whoever C．who D．whomever
3、Mary is interested in ________ is in the shops，but buying a new coat is not on the top of her shopping list.
A．which B．what C．that D．where
4、—It's thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story，believe it or not，________ we got lost on a rainy night.
A．which B．that C．what D．when
5、Confidence and efforts are ______ the international community needs now to counter the ongoing financial crisis.
A．why B．that C．what D．when
6、Honesty is a kind of quality and that's________it takes to communicate with others successfully.
A．what B．why C．how D．which
7、—Mary looks down today.What is the matter
—Well，________ happened between Mary and me is none of your business.
A．wherever B．whoever C．whatever D．whichever
8、After five years of preparation，Shanghai presented the world________many said was the greatest Special Olympics.
A．that B．which C．where D．what
9、Can you make sure ______ the MP4
A．where James had put B．where had James put
C．where James has put D．where has James put
10、—Do you think it wise of me to do everything for my child
—No，that's ________ you are mistaken.
A．where B．when C．how D．what
名词性从句---新题型和作文万能句必备
语法填空190
I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.
This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew ____1_____he was. We wondered ______2______he was so hungry. We were surprised ______3______he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted ____4________the man was able to pay the gentleman asked ___5___we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see ___6______he took out of a letter and a million-pound bank note.
I asked Mr. Clements ______7____it was genuine. Mr Clements said it was true because two of this almost had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought _____8___the gentleman showed us couldn’t be a fake.
____9_____a gentleman with a million-pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn’t describe ______10_____excited I was.
作文万能句翻译
众所周知，失败是成功之母。
强烈推荐，我们每天应该练习说英语。
我发现在危险面前保持镇静是很重要的。
毫无疑问的是，和别人好好相处是很重要的。
她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。
我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。
长难句分析4 阅读和写作
11.每天一个高考长难句·Day11
来源：2019高考全国卷1D篇
原句：The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
关键点：段落尾句，24题答案出处
长难句类型：名词性从句（宾语从句）
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇
D.高级句子仿写11组
这次中国文化活动中有很多外国人，表明越来越多的外国人对找中国文化感兴趣。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
知道你非常喜欢中国书法，所以我相信这次中国书法展值得你去参观。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12.每天一个高考长难句·Day12
来源：2019高考全国卷1D篇
原句："It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
关键点：一段一句
长难句类型：名词性从句（主语从句）
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇
D.高级句子仿写12组
众所周知，私家车已经成为大气污染来源之一，所以我们应该尽可能多使用公共交通来保护环境。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我们希望在未来的几十年，科技的进步会给我们的生活带来更多的方便而不是弊端。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13.每天一个高考长难句·Day13
来源：2019高考全国卷1语法填空
原句： there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
关键点：考查同位语从句
长难句类型：名词性从句
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点必背词汇
D.高级句子仿写13
消息传来说您要来我校当老师，我们都盼望着您的到来。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
最后我想希望所有的年轻小伙伴们能充分利用时间，提高我们的学习效率。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I know the fact that you are interested in the Hanfu Festival,I would like to share with you a brief introduction.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14.每天一个高考长难句·Day14
来源：2019高考浙江卷作文
原句：On arriving at the London Airport, what made me worried was that I found my wallet lost.
关键点：考查表语从句
长难句类型：名词性从句
主语：
谓语：
表语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点必背词汇
D.高级句子仿写14
我第一次到美国时，我发现很难跟外国人交流，这使我倍感焦虑。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我喜欢喝中国茶的原因是它能让我身心愉悦。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
感叹句在宾语从句中的运用
教材原句：What a difference a day makes!一天的差异是多么大呀！
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点必背词汇
D.高级句子仿写15
这不仅让我们靠近大自然，使我们从繁重的作业中放松下，也促进了我们之间的友谊。多么美好的时光啊！
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
成为这个温暖大家庭的一员，我是多么高兴啊！
________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
实战演练：
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The city of Amsterdam is one of the best preserved in all of Europe. When visiting this remarkable city, you tend to forget your troubles just for a moment. With this travel guide, you will be able to discover the real Amsterdam.
Best Time to Visit Amsterdam
To see the tulip(郁金香)flowers you can visit from mid-April to early May. For the New Year's celebration, there're a lot ofparties going on then. However,if you want to enjoy a quieter and more relaxing Amsterdam, visit from October to March.
Getting Around Amsterdam
You can rent a bike to go wherever you want to go. Public transportation is also convenient. You can get a chip card for about$9.
What You Should Know Before Visiting Amsterdam
Plan ahead since most ofthe attractions are usually busy and be careful with your wallets as the city is well-known for pickpockets, Also be cautious when you are buying something in the markets.
The Best of Amsterdam
Rijksmuseum
This museum is one of the finest in the world. Make sure you arrive before 10 am to avoid big crowds.
Vondelpark
If you are looking forward to relaxing and enjoying some peace and quiet, make a trip to this top choice park in the city.
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum is very fascinating; you will definitely be moved as you see Vincent van Gogh's life and how he developed through art.
A'DAM Tower
If you want to get the inspiring views of Amsterdam, take the lift to the top of this tower. You can also climb aboard the giapt four-person swing for some fun rides.
1. In which month can visitors feel more at ease in Amsterdam
A. June. B. July.
C. September. D. November.
2. What is the purpose ofthe part "What You Should Know Before Visiting Amsterdam"
A. Providing help. B. Giving warnings.
C. Explaining situations D. Expressing disappointment.
3. Where should you go to get a bird's-eye view of Amsterdam
A. Rijksmuseum. B. Vondelpark.
C. The Van Gogh Museum. D. A'DAM Tower.
B
The boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again.“WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.
The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard his mother’s call of saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.
Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”.
“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.
He went to the website and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.
Confused, he then re read the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
4. What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition
A. A new computer.
B. The prize money.
C. His own interest.
D. His mom’s encouragement.
5. How did the boy finish his earlier writing
A. His mom helped him.
B. He copied others’ ideas.
C. His friends assisted him.
D. He used his imagination.
6 Why did the boy delay his writing
A. Because he was terribly lazy.
B. Because he didn’t know what to write.
C. Because he wasn’t confident.
D. Because he read too many stories.
7. Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry
A. 100. B. 250.
C. 500. D. 1000.
C
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged —and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
28.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s
A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.
29.What did street sales mean to newspapers
A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities.
C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.
30.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at
A. Local politicians. B. Common people.
C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.
31.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper
A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success.
C. It was a robbery of the poor. D. It was a disaster for printers.
D
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them
A. They fed them. B. They named them.
C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys
A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
名词性从句 当堂过手训练
层级1 考能提升
单句填空
友情提醒:根据高考大数据分析,重点关注第2、3、7、8、9、12、16题
1.(2018·凉山州诊断)The happiest people enjoy each age gives them.
2.(2018·云南昆明三中模拟)Only you know is best for you.
3.(2018·中原名校模拟)I had no idea of a stage manager actually did.
4.(2018·安徽合肥一中模拟)Experts aren t still sure exactly how dreams work,but what is certain is they are necessary for our mental health and that everyone has dreams.
5.(2018·青海西宁一中月考) astonishes us is that AlphaGo defeated the human champion.
6.(2018·银川一中模拟)They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways,they are too serious and too strict with their children,and they seldom give their children freedom.
7.(2018·温州十校联考)When you are reading,make a note of you think is of great importance.
8.(2018·郑州外国语学校月考)His writing is so confusing that it s difficult to make out it is that he is trying to express.
9.(2017·艾青中学质检)If you are going to kill the snake,you have to get close to the head is and cut it off.
10.(2017·黑龙江大庆模拟)People who visited me used to ask me I could sleep,“Doesn t the sound of the traffic bother you How can you get used to so much noise ”
11.(2017·吉林省实验中学质检)That is the eagle learned to believe.
12.(2017·甘肃会宁五中月考)That just goes to show that as a matter of fact when you really love a person you don t care nationality he or she is.
13.(2017·河北衡水中学月考)You know teenage girls are like.
14.(2017·辽宁大连六校期末联考)I didn t know he was at home instead of my mother.
15.(2017·贵州贵阳一中月考)One concern relates to a lack of control over appears both on the Internet and television.
16.(2017·湖南十三校联考) is well-known to the world is that China has very top technology in space industry.
17.(2017·山东潍坊模拟)It suddenly occurred to me I hadn t locked my door.
层级2 滚动训练
Exercise 1
Ⅰ.语法填空
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other 1. (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present 2. (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. 3. (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don t speak the same kind of English.
English 4. (change) and developed since cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English 5. (speak) in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different 6. the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and 7. (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century 8. two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign 9. second language in South Asia. China may have the 10. (large) number of English learners.
Ⅱ.短文改错
I am a quiet person,and I felt very nervous when my teacher asks me a question.
Three years before,when I began my senior high school,I found it extreme difficult to learn English well. That was because there were so many new words and grammar rule. When I didn t understand them,I didn t dare to ask for my teachers and classmates. However,my mother always encouraged me learn by myself. I began doing that. So at the end of the term I got a highest mark in English in her class.
The key to success is,at Socrates words,to know yourself. If you can take advantage of your personality and stick to how you like,you will succeed.
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
(阅读理解和作文实战）
一．兴趣导入：有一个包括5个that的英语句子对吗？
He said (that) that "that" that he used was wrong.
I think that that “that ” that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.
知识点回顾(宾语从句）
1. that
2. if/ whether
3. who/whom/whose/what
4. why/where/when/how/how many
三．专题讲解
（一）．名词从句分类:
（二）．名词性从句的判断：根据从句在整句话所作的成分来判断。
1. When we will start is not clear.________从句
2. Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.___________从句
3. My idea is that we should do it right now. __________从句
4. We heard the news that our team had won. ___________从句
（三）．引导词
连 词 that/whether/if /because 连接，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what/which/who/whom/whose/whatever/… 连接且作主、宾、定语等
连接副词 when/where/why/how 连接且做状语
注意：名词性从句高考考查
①引导词的选择与判断；
②词序：陈述语序；
③时态：注意主从句时态的呼应
考点一 、主语从句： 在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。
1. That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.
2. Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.
3. What he said is not true .
常考考点：在实际应用中，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语that从句后置
It + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句
It is necessary/ important /that… 有必要/重要的是…
注意：此时从句语气要用虚拟语气：(should) +v.(原形)，should可以省略。
Eg. It is necessary that a new plan should be designed at once.
It + be + -ed分词 ＋ that从句
It is believed/said that… 人们相信/说…
It is known to us/all that …. 众所周知…
It has been decided that…… 已经决定……
Eg. It’s reported that no one was killed in the earthquake.
必考考点1： It is said/reported…that= Sb is said/reported…to do/to be doing/to have done.
The bad weather is reported _______ the passenger plane crash in Iran on January 9．
A． to contribute to B． contributing to C． contributed to D． to have contributed to
必考考点2：It is suggested that…“建议…” 从句用虚拟语气(should + v.原), should 可以省。
It was suggested that we should start earlier at the meeting.
It + be + 名词 ＋ that从句
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is a surprise/pity… that …. 令人惊奇/遗憾的是…
It is a pity that we can’t go.
It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句
It appears that… 似乎…
It happens that …. 碰巧…
It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……
It doesn’t make any difference whether ......or not.
It remains to be seen whether.............
三．典型例题和变式练习
1.________ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
2. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
3.________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
If B. Whether C. That D. Where
4.________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
5. ______ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.
A. That B. What C. Why D. If
6. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.
A .while B. that C. if D. for
7. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.
A .however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
8. It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time.
A．how B. that C. when D. what
9. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
10. It is suggested that we ________ to the park later.
A. will go B. went C. go D. has gone
考点二 、表语从句: 在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be等系动词后面)叫做表语从句。
结构： “主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that不可省略。另外，常用的还有The reason（why…）is that… 和It is because 等结构。
The question is whether it is worth
注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”
1. The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
2. The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because
3. _______ I can’t understand is _______ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because
4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s ______ I got wet all through.
A. how B. because C. why D. that
5. He is absent today. That’s ______ he is ill.
A. when B. because C. why D. that
6. See the flags on top of the building That was ______we did this morning.
A、 when B. which C. where D. what
7. Go and get your coat. It's _______you left it.
A .there B. where C. there were D. where there
考点三、同位语从句 ：同位语从句和前面的名词在句中处于同等地位。
结构： n.+ 从句
比较定语从句 ： ① 定语从句是修饰先行词的；而同位语从句与先行词等同。
②引导词常用 “that”。
③ 常见的同位语从句的先行词多为抽象名词：fact, news, idea, thought, theory, belief, doubt, explanation， truth，hope，problem，information，promise，hope，message，possibility，chance等
同位语从句需注意的问题
1. 同位语从句的引导词通常用that，不能省略。
2. 有时也用疑问代词who, which, what 或疑问副词when, where, why 引导。
3. that 在句中不作成分，其它引导词都能充当一定的成分。
4. 同位语所表达的含义与先行词等同。
5. 先行词多为抽象名词
同位语从句和定语从句比较练习
1. I heard about the news that he got a full mark in this examination.（ 从句）
2. This is good news that I heard from Mary. （ 从句）
1. Do you have any idea ___is actually going on in the classroom？ （辽宁）
A. that B. what C. as D. which
2. （上海卷）Along with the letter was his promise___ he would visit me this coming Christmas
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
3. ___is no possibility ___Bob can win the first prize in the match. （上海）
A. there； that B. it ；that C. there ，whether D. it ； whether
4.（天津卷）There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C until D of
5. Information has been put forward ____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
6. （四川卷）—— It's thirty years since we last met.
------ But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
7. （浙江卷）Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
8. Is this the reason ____at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？ （上海）
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
考点四．宾语从句：从句在整句话中作某动词或介词宾语。
考点1：引导词的运用（that可省；if可以引导宾语从句）
(1) I don’t know ___________or not.
A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home
(2) This depends on _________ the weather is fine.
A. which B. whether C. if D. that
(3) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.
A. which B. where C. if D. that
(4) --- Do you know _______ Mr. Black’s address is
--- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.
A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where
whether和if 同时出现引导名词从句时，优先选择whether.
①whether…or not ②作介词宾语时如（2）
考点2：宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序
(1) Did you find out ______
A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for
C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for
(2) I don’t know _____. Can you tell me
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are、
(3) She asked Tom ________ with his car
A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter
考点3：主从句时态呼应
（1) The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun.
A. goes B. go C. went D. will go
(2) We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam.
A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass
(3) “Could you tell me______ ” “ Yes. They______ to the library.”
A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have been
C. where the twins are, have gone D. where the twins were, have gone
考点4： it做形式宾语
I find _____ important that we practice English every day.
A. it B. this C. that D. what
四．巩固练习：
名词性从句专项训练
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
名词性从句三要素是什么？？？
五．拓展训练
名词性从句八大高考热点分析
（一）、连接词what与that的用法区别
What引导名词从句要在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分；that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。
1.________ we can’t get seems better than ________ we have.
A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
2. ________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. _________ the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
A. What B. That C. How D. If
）连接词whether和if的用法区别。
_______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
）名词性从句的语序。
与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。
1. No one can be sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
2. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
）形式主语、形式宾语it。
_______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
五．）who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。
一般说来，what/who等含疑问意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如：
1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
2.____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
3.I can’t remember at the moment has said the words. （ who/whoever ）
六．)where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。
I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
Is that _______ you had a few days off
A. why B. when C. that D. where
—Do you remember ____ he came
—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. How B. when C. that D. if
七．)“介词+who(m)” 引导的宾语从句
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：
It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
八、)连接词that的省略。
引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。
China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _______ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it
六．反思总结：
解题金钥匙
判断从句类型
分析从句成分是否齐全（从句是否缺成分）
语意（尤其是选连接副词）
七．板书设计 作文万能句总结
I didn’t understand ______this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
_______is important is that we let others know we care about them.
The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ____the boy would do.
名词性从句
当堂过手训练： （快练五分钟，稳准建奇功！）
1、—When shall we gather again
—Anytime _______ we are engaged in our work.
A. except that B. except when C. except it D. except for
2、—Excuse me，sir.Could you tell me the way to the railway station
—Sorry，I'm a stranger here myself.You are supposed to ask，I'm afraid，________ is a native.
A．someone B．whoever C．who D．whomever
3、Mary is interested in ________ is in the shops，but buying a new coat is not on the top of her shopping list.
A．which B．what C．that D．where
4、—It's thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story，believe it or not，________ we got lost on a rainy night.
A．which B．that C．what D．when
5、Confidence and efforts are ______ the international community needs now to counter the ongoing financial crisis.
A．why B．that C．what D．when
6、Honesty is a kind of quality and that's________it takes to communicate with others successfully.
A．what B．why C．how D．which
7、—Mary looks down today.What is the matter
—Well，________ happened between Mary and me is none of your business.
A．wherever B．whoever C．whatever D．whichever
8、After five years of preparation，Shanghai presented the world________many said was the greatest Special Olympics.
A．that B．which C．where D．what
9、Can you make sure ______ the MP4
A．where James had put B．where had James put
C．where James has put D．where has James put
10、—Do you think it wise of me to do everything for my child
—No，that's ________ you are mistaken.
A．where B．when C．how D．what
名词性从句---新题型和作文万能句必备
语法填空190
I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.
This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew ____1_____he was. We wondered ______2______he was so hungry. We were surprised ______3______he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted ____4________the man was able to pay the gentleman asked ___5___we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see ___6______he took out of a letter and a million-pound bank note.
I asked Mr. Clements ______7____it was genuine. Mr Clements said it was true because two of this almost had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought _____8___the gentleman showed us couldn’t be a fake.
____9_____a gentleman with a million-pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn’t describe ______10_____excited I was.
作文万能句翻译
众所周知，失败是成功之母。
强烈推荐，我们每天应该练习说英语。
我发现在危险面前保持镇静是很重要的。
毫无疑问的是，和别人好好相处是很重要的。
她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。
我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。
长难句分析4 阅读和写作
11.每天一个高考长难句·Day11
来源：2019高考全国卷1D篇
原句：The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
关键点：段落尾句，24题答案出处
长难句类型：名词性从句（宾语从句）
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇
D.高级句子仿写11组
这次中国文化活动中有很多外国人，表明越来越多的外国人对找中国文化感兴趣。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
知道你非常喜欢中国书法，所以我相信这次中国书法展值得你去参观。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12.每天一个高考长难句·Day12
来源：2019高考全国卷1D篇
原句："It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.
关键点：一段一句
长难句类型：名词性从句（主语从句）
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点词汇
D.高级句子仿写12组
众所周知，私家车已经成为大气污染来源之一，所以我们应该尽可能多使用公共交通来保护环境。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我们希望在未来的几十年，科技的进步会给我们的生活带来更多的方便而不是弊端。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13.每天一个高考长难句·Day13
来源：2019高考全国卷1语法填空
原句： there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
关键点：考查同位语从句
长难句类型：名词性从句
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点必背词汇
D.高级句子仿写13
消息传来说您要来我校当老师，我们都盼望着您的到来。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
最后我想希望所有的年轻小伙伴们能充分利用时间，提高我们的学习效率。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I know the fact that you are interested in the Hanfu Festival,I would like to share with you a brief introduction.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14.每天一个高考长难句·Day14
来源：2019高考浙江卷作文
原句：On arriving at the London Airport, what made me worried was that I found my wallet lost.
关键点：考查表语从句
长难句类型：名词性从句
主语：
谓语：
表语：
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点必背词汇
D.高级句子仿写14
我第一次到美国时，我发现很难跟外国人交流，这使我倍感焦虑。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
我喜欢喝中国茶的原因是它能让我身心愉悦。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
感叹句在宾语从句中的运用
教材原句：What a difference a day makes!一天的差异是多么大呀！
A.句子主干
B.翻译
C.重点必背词汇
D.高级句子仿写15
这不仅让我们靠近大自然，使我们从繁重的作业中放松下，也促进了我们之间的友谊。多么美好的时光啊！
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
成为这个温暖大家庭的一员，我是多么高兴啊！
________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
实战演练：
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The city of Amsterdam is one of the best preserved in all of Europe. When visiting this remarkable city, you tend to forget your troubles just for a moment. With this travel guide, you will be able to discover the real Amsterdam.
Best Time to Visit Amsterdam
To see the tulip(郁金香)flowers you can visit from mid-April to early May. For the New Year's celebration, there're a lot ofparties going on then. However,if you want to enjoy a quieter and more relaxing Amsterdam, visit from October to March.
Getting Around Amsterdam
You can rent a bike to go wherever you want to go. Public transportation is also convenient. You can get a chip card for about$9.
What You Should Know Before Visiting Amsterdam
Plan ahead since most ofthe attractions are usually busy and be careful with your wallets as the city is well-known for pickpockets, Also be cautious when you are buying something in the markets.
The Best of Amsterdam
Rijksmuseum
This museum is one of the finest in the world. Make sure you arrive before 10 am to avoid big crowds.
Vondelpark
If you are looking forward to relaxing and enjoying some peace and quiet, make a trip to this top choice park in the city.
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum is very fascinating; you will definitely be moved as you see Vincent van Gogh's life and how he developed through art.
A'DAM Tower
If you want to get the inspiring views of Amsterdam, take the lift to the top of this tower. You can also climb aboard the giapt four-person swing for some fun rides.
1. In which month can visitors feel more at ease in Amsterdam
A. June. B. July.
C. September. D. November.
2. What is the purpose ofthe part "What You Should Know Before Visiting Amsterdam"
A. Providing help. B. Giving warnings.
C. Explaining situations D. Expressing disappointment.
3. Where should you go to get a bird's-eye view of Amsterdam
A. Rijksmuseum. B. Vondelpark.
C. The Van Gogh Museum. D. A'DAM Tower.
B
The boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again.“WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.
The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard his mother’s call of saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.
Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”.
“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.
He went to the website and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.
Confused, he then re read the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
4. What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition
A. A new computer.
B. The prize money.
C. His own interest.
D. His mom’s encouragement.
5. How did the boy finish his earlier writing
A. His mom helped him.
B. He copied others’ ideas.
C. His friends assisted him.
D. He used his imagination.
6 Why did the boy delay his writing
A. Because he was terribly lazy.
B. Because he didn’t know what to write.
C. Because he wasn’t confident.
D. Because he read too many stories.
7. Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry
A. 100. B. 250.
C. 500. D. 1000.
C
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged —and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
28.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s
A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.
29.What did street sales mean to newspapers
A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities.
C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.
30.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at
A. Local politicians. B. Common people.
C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.
31.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper
A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success.
C. It was a robbery of the poor. D. It was a disaster for printers.
D
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them
A. They fed them. B. They named them.
C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys
A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
名词性从句 当堂过手训练
层级1 考能提升
单句填空
友情提醒:根据高考大数据分析,重点关注第2、3、7、8、9、12、16题
1.(2018·凉山州诊断)The happiest people enjoy each age gives them.
2.(2018·云南昆明三中模拟)Only you know is best for you.
3.(2018·中原名校模拟)I had no idea of a stage manager actually did.
4.(2018·安徽合肥一中模拟)Experts aren t still sure exactly how dreams work,but what is certain is they are necessary for our mental health and that everyone has dreams.
5.(2018·青海西宁一中月考) astonishes us is that AlphaGo defeated the human champion.
6.(2018·银川一中模拟)They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways,they are too serious and too strict with their children,and they seldom give their children freedom.
7.(2018·温州十校联考)When you are reading,make a note of you think is of great importance.
8.(2018·郑州外国语学校月考)His writing is so confusing that it s difficult to make out it is that he is trying to express.
9.(2017·艾青中学质检)If you are going to kill the snake,you have to get close to the head is and cut it off.
10.(2017·黑龙江大庆模拟)People who visited me used to ask me I could sleep,“Doesn t the sound of the traffic bother you How can you get used to so much noise ”
11.(2017·吉林省实验中学质检)That is the eagle learned to believe.
12.(2017·甘肃会宁五中月考)That just goes to show that as a matter of fact when you really love a person you don t care nationality he or she is.
13.(2017·河北衡水中学月考)You know teenage girls are like.
14.(2017·辽宁大连六校期末联考)I didn t know he was at home instead of my mother.
15.(2017·贵州贵阳一中月考)One concern relates to a lack of control over appears both on the Internet and television.
16.(2017·湖南十三校联考) is well-known to the world is that China has very top technology in space industry.
17.(2017·山东潍坊模拟)It suddenly occurred to me I hadn t locked my door.
层级2 滚动训练
Exercise 1
Ⅰ.语法填空
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other 1. (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present 2. (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. 3. (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don t speak the same kind of English.
English 4. (change) and developed since cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English 5. (speak) in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different 6. the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and 7. (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century 8. two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign 9. second language in South Asia. China may have the 10. (large) number of English learners.
Ⅱ.短文改错
I am a quiet person,and I felt very nervous when my teacher asks me a question.
Three years before,when I began my senior high school,I found it extreme difficult to learn English well. That was because there were so many new words and grammar rule. When I didn t understand them,I didn t dare to ask for my teachers and classmates. However,my mother always encouraged me learn by myself. I began doing that. So at the end of the term I got a highest mark in English in her class.
The key to success is,at Socrates words,to know yourself. If you can take advantage of your personality and stick to how you like,you will succeed.
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。