形容词和副词（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析

形容词和副词（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析
专题三 形容词和副词
一、考纲解读
高考考纲 近4年考情 命题规律 命题趋势
形容词(比较级和最高级)； 副词(比较级和最高级) 1. 2021（形容词、副词） 2. 2020（形容词、副词） 3. 2019（形容词、副词） 4. 2018（形容词、副词） 5.2017（形容词、副词） 重点考查形容词、副词词形变化 形容词、副词的基本功能； 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法。
二、全国卷五年真题汇编
一
1. 单句语法填空
1. (2021全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ________(good) than to ride on a piece of history!
2. (2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _______ (day) routines.
3. (2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ________ (educate) about the areas --- both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
4. (2021全国乙卷)Provide ________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
5. (2021全国新高考I卷)It will ________(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
6. (2021全国新高考I卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring!
7. (2021全国新高考I卷)But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ________(astonish).
8. (2021全国新高考I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs.
9. (2020·全国Ⅰ)Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging.
10. (2020·全国Ⅰ)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how __________ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
11. (2020·全国Ⅱ)__________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
12. (2020·全国Ⅱ)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The __________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
13. (2020·全国Ⅲ)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
14. (2020·全国Ⅲ)As the small boat moved, __________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
15. (2019·全国Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __________(poor) studied.
16. (2019·全国Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are __________(high) than they actually are.
17. (2019·全国Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have __________(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
18. (2019·全国Ⅱ)We are so proud of her. It’s __________(wonder).
19. (2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining __________ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
20. (2019·全国Ⅲ)They also shared with us many __________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were __________(huge) popular with tourists.
21. (2018·全国Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __________(long) than non-runners.
22. (2018·全国Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always __________(energy).
23. (2018·全国Ⅱ)A taste for meat is __________(actual) behind the change.
24. (2018·全国Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __________(globe) fertilizer consumption.
25. (2018·全国Ⅲ)He screams the __________(loud) of all.
26. (2017·全国Ⅰ)However, be __________(care) not to go to extremes.
27. (2017·全国Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been __________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
28. (2017·全国Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most __________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
29. (2017·全国Ⅲ)It is __________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
【答案】1. better
2. daily
3. educated
4. financial
5. undoubtedly
6. hotter
7. astonished
8. aching
9. extremely
10. much
11. Certainly
12. beautiful
13. finest
14. gently
15. poorly
16. higher
17. finally
18. wonderful
19. so
20. traditional，hugely
21. longer
22. energetic
23. actually
24. global
25. loudest
26. careful
27. fairly
28. successful
29. certainly
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1. 考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
2. 考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
3. 考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
4. 考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
5. 考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
6. 考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
7. 考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
8. 考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
9. 考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
10. 考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
11. 考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
12. 考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
13. 考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
14. 考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
15. 考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
16. 考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
17. 考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally。
18. 考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
19. 考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，固定句型。故填so。
20. 第一空：考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。第二空：考查副词。空格处修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
21. 考查副词比较级。句意：根据一篇医疗杂志上对证据材料的回顾，跑步者寿命比非跑步者长三年。根据后面的than可知，用比较级，再根据语义，故填longer。
22. 考查形容词。句意：跑步是便宜容易，而且总是充满活力。这里考查名词与形容词转化，此处作表语，要用形容词。故填energetic。
23. 考查副词。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是变化背后的原因。此处需用副词修饰短语behind the change。故填actually。
24. 考查形容词。句意：根据世界银行统计，中国占全球化肥消耗的30%。名词fertilizer consumption用形容词修饰。故填global。
25. 考查副词最高级。句意：他叫喊的声音最大。根据of all和定冠词the提示，这里loud用最高级。故填loudest。
26. 考查形容词。句意：然而，要小心不要走极端。Be动词后接形容词，故填careful。
27. 考查副词。句意：蒸汽发动机被用来牵引车厢，因为浓烟和噪音，对乘客来说肯定是非常令人不舒服的。这里的形容词unpleasant需用副词修饰。故填fairly。
28. 考查形容词。句意：伦敦中央铁路是这些新线路中最成功的之一，它于1900年开放。前面的one of the most修饰形容词。故填successful。
29. 考查副词。句意：这当然是有趣的，但这种生活方式有点不真实。fun是形容词，需用副词修饰。故填certainly。
二
2. 下列各句中均有一处错误，指出并改正。
1. (2021全国甲卷)In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
2. (2021全国乙卷)What’s more, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
3. (2020·全国Ⅰ)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
4. (2020·全国Ⅱ)I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
5. (2020·全国Ⅱ)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
6. (2020·全国Ⅱ)See you sooner.
7. (2020·全国Ⅲ)My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families.
8. (2019·全国Ⅰ)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
9. (2019·全国Ⅰ)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
10. (2019·全国Ⅱ)First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
11. (2019·全国Ⅱ)Then, when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.
12. (2019·全国Ⅱ)One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. （本题有两处错误）
13. (2019·全国Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
14. (2018·全国Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had improved.
15. (2018·全国Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
16. (2018·全国Ⅲ)Immediate, I raised my hand.
17. (2017·全国Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
18. (2017·全国Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
19. (2017·全国Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.
20. (2017·全国Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.（本题有两处错误）
【答案】1. mostly→most
2. mentally→mental
3. simply→simple
4. surely→sure
5. such→so
6. sooner→soon
7. concerning→concerned
8. interesting→interested
9. hardly→hard
10. coolly→cool
11. too→very/so
12. 第一处错误：amazing→amazed，第二处错误：去掉more
13. ordinarily→ordinary
14. happily→happy
15. larger→large
16. immediate→immediately
17. 去掉much
18. suddenly→sudden
19. earlier→early
20. 第一处错误：difference→different，第二处错误：late→latest
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1. 考查副词。在我看来，当我们有麻烦时，我们应该从我们最相信的人们那里寻求帮助。副词mostly，意为“大多数”；most意为“最”，此处指最相信的人，指程度。故mostly改为most。
2. 考查形容词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。
3. 考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。
4. 考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
5. 考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so.
6. 考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
7. 第一处：考查固定短语。句意：我的妈妈真的关心我们家庭里每个人的健康。be concerned with关心，该短语是固定短语，所以concerning改成concerned。
8. 考查形容词用法。句意：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。interesting意为“使人感兴趣的”，常修饰物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，常修饰人。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。
9. 考查副词。句意为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。“hard（努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同，根据语境，此处要用hard。故将hardly改为hard。
10. 考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
11. 考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此……以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太……以至于不能……”。本句话表达肯定意思，故将too改为very/so。
12. 第一处错误：考查形容词用法。句意：病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇。amazed意为“（使）大为惊奇”，amazing意为“令人惊奇的”。本句话中主语为I，表示“感到惊奇”，故将amazing改为amazed。第二处错误：考查形容词比较级。句中better为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more加形容词或副词，即more不能与better连用。故将more去掉。
13. 考查形容词的用法。修饰名词cafe，应用形容词，ordinarily是副词。故把ordinarily改为 ordinary。
14. 考查形容词。这里felt是连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。故把happily改成happy。
15. 考查形容词。句意：我害怕在很多人面前说话。该句没有比较对象，不用比较级。故把larger改成large。
16. 考查副词。这里immediate是修饰后面整个句子，必须用副词。故把immediate改成immediately。
17. 考查固定句型。本句采用了so…that结构，所以nervous前不用much修饰。故去掉much。
18. 考查形容词。come to a stop意思是“停下来”，stop在此是名词，需用形容词修饰。故把suddenly改成sudden。
19. 考查副词原级。句意：他们经常起早给蔬菜浇水。本句中无比较对象，不需用比较级。故把earlier改成early。
20. 考查形容词。第一处：kinds of cars是名词短语，需用形容词修饰，故把difference改成different。第二处：collecting the late music albums意思是“收集最新的音乐专辑”，late意为“迟到的”，故把late改成latest（最新的）。