名词、代词、冠词（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析

名词、代词、冠词（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析
专题一 名词、代词、冠词
考纲解读
高考考纲 近4年考情 命题规律 命题趋势
代词考点：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词 名词考点：可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、专有名词、名词所有格 冠词考点：不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词 1. 2021(名词、冠词、代词) 2. 2020（名词、冠词、代词） 3. 2019（名词、冠词、代词） 4. 2018（冠词、名词） 5.2017(名词、冠词、代词) 名词：主要考查名词词形变化和词性。 代词：主要考查对代词指代对象的判断和相应代词的选择； 冠词：固定搭配；定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法 名词：名词单复数； 可数名词与不可数名词；名词作主语，宾语；名词与谓语动词的主谓一致 代词：代词的指代作用；代词的基本用法 ；相近代词的辨析 冠词：a、an、the的基本用法；固定短语
全国卷五年真题汇编
一
1. 单句语法填空
1. (2021全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
2. (2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
3. (2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas --- both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________(develop)of the local areas.
4. (2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism has ________(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
5. (2021全国乙卷)Due to ________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
6. (2021全国乙卷)________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
7. (2021全国新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are.
8. (2021全国新高考I卷)It sure does in ________(I).
9. (2021全国新高考I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!
10. (2020·全国I)The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
11. (2020·全国I)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how __________ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether__________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
12. (2020·全国Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is a__________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
13. (2020·全国Ⅱ)The plum trees are __________first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
14. (2020·全国III)Filled with__________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
15. (2019·全国I)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __________(believe) that populations are increasing.
16. (2019·全国I)Of __________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
17. (2019·全国Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was __________ joke.
18. (2019·全国III)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
19. (2018·全国III)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
20. (2018·全国II)This switch has decreased __________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
21. (2018·全国I)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __________(cause).
22. (2018·全国Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __________ a try.
23. (2018·全国Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive.
24. (2018·全国Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
25. (2018·全国Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __________ top of her lungs.
26. (2017·全国III)She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).
27. (2017·全国III)She has turned down several __________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
28. (2017·全国II)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
29. (2017·全国II)This development was only possible with the __________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
30. (2017·全国I)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side __________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
31. (2017·全国Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using __________ every day.
32. (2017 全国Ⅰ)As __________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
33. (2017 全国Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over __________ top.
32. (2017 全国Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as __________ model in New York.
【答案】1. the
2. watchowers
3. development
4. its
5. the
6. Activities
7. humans
8. mine
9. a
10. interest
11. its
12. celebration
13. the
14. curiosity
15. belief
16. the
17. a
petition
19. scientist
20. pollution
21. causes
22. it/running
23. them
24. the
25. the
26. education
27. invitations
28. crowds
29. introduction
30. effects
31. it
32. a
33. the
34. a
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1. 考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
2 考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
3. 考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
4. 考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
5. 考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
6. 考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。
7. 考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
8. 考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
9. 考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
10. 考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
11. 考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
12. 考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
13. 考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
14. 考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
15. 考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。
16. 考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
17. 考查冠词用法。句意：我们还以为这是一个玩笑。此处joke为泛指，故填a。
18. 考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
19. 考查名词。句意：我叫Mireya Mayor，我是一名研究像猿类和猴子这类动物的科学家。根据后面的定语从句who studies animals such as apes and monkeys可推知，空格处填表示职业的名词。故填scientist。
20. 考查名词。句意：这一转变减少了国家主要湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。这里作has decreased的宾语，要用名词形式，故填pollution。
21. 考查名词单复数。句意：该综述的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，该研究显示，每天仅仅跑5到10分钟就能降低心脏病和各种原因导致的早期死亡的风险。空格处作from的宾语，前面有all可知，要用名词复数形式。故填causes。
22. 考查代词。句意：如果你时间很少，你只需要跑半个小时就能获得和其他运动带来的同样的好处，因此或许我们应该尝试跑步。根据语义，give后面宾语是running，可以用it代替。故填it(running也可)。
23. 考查代词句意：当这些大猩猩和我相互感到害怕时，我非常高兴地发现他们活着。这里作动词find的宾语，故填them。
24. 考查固定短语。句意：在过去的25年，玉米的产量增长了约125%，而水稻只增长了7%。短语：over the past …years在过去的……年，故答案为the。
25. 考查固定表达。句意：未预料到的是，当我和这个猩猩面对面时，它歇斯底里地叫喊着。at the top of one's lung是固定表达，表示“歇斯底里地叫喊”，故答案为the。
26. 考查名词。句意：她决心继续她的教育。前面是形容词性物主代词her，且作介词with的宾语，故用名词形式education。
27. 考查名词单复数。句意：她拒绝了几个节目的邀请，以便专心学习。此处需用名词作宾语，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式invitations。
28. 考查名词单复数。句意：它跑了不到7公里，让人们在上下班时避开路上的可怕拥挤。crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。
29. 考查名词。句意：这种发展只有引入电动发动机和电梯才是可能的。空格前是the，后面应该用名词，故填名词introduction。
30. 考查名词单复数。句意：这个趋势是由医学界作为抗击心脏病的方法而开始的，它具有一些意想不到的副作用，如超重和心脏病——正是医学界正试图与之抗争的东西。分析语境可知，这里表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，前文有some修饰，effect是可数名词，故填effects。
31. 考查代词。句意：然而，这种铁路很快证明是巨大的成功。在六个月内，超过25000万人每天使用它。这里用it作宾语，代替前面提到的the railway。
32. 考查固定短语。句意：结果，人们会吃更多的食物去尽力来弥补丢失的食物。as a result是固定短语，意为“结果”，故答案为a。
33. 考查固定短语。句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道，然后在顶端建造一个坚固的屋顶。over the top是“在顶端”意思，故答案是the。
34. 考查不定冠词。句意：相反地是她在纽约作为一名模特每天能挣得6500美元。as a model在句中是“作为一名模特”意思，用a表示“一名……”，故答案是a。
二
2. 下列各句中均有一处错误，指出并改正。
1. (2021全国甲卷)Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.
2. (2021全国甲卷)Only a little choose to deal with the problems on their own.
3.(2021全国甲卷) Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own.
4. (2021全国乙卷)I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
5. (2021全国乙卷)That’s our view on housework.
6. (2020·全国I)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
7. (2020·全国I)Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.
8. (2020·全国I) “Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed.
9. (2020·全国Ⅱ)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
10. (2020·全国Ⅱ)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
11. (2020·全国III)My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.
12. (2020·全国III)For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.
13. (2020·全国III)But he insists on us eating healthy food.
14. (2019·全国I)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.
15. (2019·全国I)To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net.
16. (2019·全国I)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly.
17. (2019·全国Ⅱ)Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
18. (2019·全国III)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them.
19. (2018·全国III)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.
20. (2018·全国II)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
21. (2018·全国I)They had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
22. (2018 全国Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
23. (2018·全国Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.
24. (2018·全国Ⅱ)No matter how many times I asked to watch cartoons, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
25. (2018·全国Ⅲ)I had done myself homework but I was shy.
26. (2018 全国Ⅱ)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.
27. (2017·全国II)They often get some useful informations from the internet.
28. (2017·全国I)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!”
29. (2017 全国Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time.
30. (2017·全国Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was.
31. (2017·全国Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
32. (2017·全国Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【答案】1. friend→friends
2. little→few
3. our→their
4. dish→dishes
5. our→my
6. chopstick →chopsticks
7. 在into和pan之间加the
8. us→me
9. vacations→vacation
10. yours→your
11. families→family
12. the→a
13. he→she
14. football前面加上a
15. surprising→surprise
16. player→players
17. job→jobs
18. yourselves→themselves
19. mistake→mistakes
20. sort→sorts
21. chicken→chickens
22. countryside前加the
23. another→other
24. us→me
25. myself→my
26. the→a
27. informations→information
28. word→words
29. picture前加the
30. 在first前加my或the
31. all→both
32. your→my
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1. 考查名词复数。句意：许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们是同龄人，能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词，结合句中their，所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。
2. 考查代词。句意：只有一些人选择自己解决问题。结合上文“Many students say...”及“Some will turn...”可知，此处指一些学生。student为可数名词，应用a few代指。a little通常代指不可数名词。故little改为few。
3. 考查代词。句意：只有一些人选择自己解决问题。短语on one’s own，意为“独自”，结合句意可知，此处指学生们独自完成，所以要用代词their。故our改为their。
4. 考查名词单复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。
5.考查人称代词。句意：这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知，此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。
6. 考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
7. 考查冠词。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the，故在pan前the。
8. 考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。
9. 考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
10. 考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
11. 考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时，是集合名词，这里表示“我们一个家庭”，所以用单数，families改成family。
12. 考查冠词。句意：例如：每天早晨，我的父亲不得不喝一碗鸡蛋汤，然而，我不得不吃一个苹果。泛指“一碗鸡蛋汤”，bowl以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，所以the改成a。
13. 考查代词。句意：但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。
14. 考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。
15. 考查固定搭配。“to one’s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是……”，是固定搭配，名词所有格后面跟名词。故将surprising改为surprise。
16. 考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
17. 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
18. 考查代词。customers是句子的主语，故把yourselves改为themselves。
19. 考查名词单复数。“错误”不是一个，所以mistake要用复数，故改为mistakes。
20. 考查不定代词。all表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数。故把sort改为sorts。
21. 考查名词单复数。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。故chicken改成chickens。
22. 考查冠词。根据语境，这里的countryside是特指的，故前面加the。
23. 考查不定冠词。another指三者以上的另一个，other意为“其他的”，表泛指，这里泛指其他的动物。故把another改为other。
24. 考查代词。根据语境应该是“父母对我说牌类游戏有助于我的大脑”。故把us改成me。
25. 考查物主代词。myself是反身代词，不能作定语。故把myself改成my。
26. 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，“作为一个小孩”用as a kid，故把the改为a。
27. 考查名词单复数。information是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将informations改为information。
28. 考查名词单复数。word的意思主要是“单词，消息”，words可以表示某人说的话，这里指教练说的那些话，故将word改为words。
29. 考查冠词。picture是普通名词，根据语境这里是特指的，所以前面加the。
30. 考查冠词或物主代词。句意：在我第十八岁生日的暑假里，我上驾驶课。我仍然记得第一天是多么的困难。根据语境“我仍然记得第一天是多么的困难”，first day是特指。故在first前加my或the。
31. 考查不定代词。all在表示“都”时用于三者（以上），both用于两者，这里是两个人，故把all改成both。
2. 考查代词。根据前面的“me”可知，指的是“我的(中学时代)”。故把your改成my。