非谓语动词（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析

非谓语动词（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析
专题五 非谓语动词
考纲解读
高考考纲 近4年考情 命题规律 命题趋势
动词不定式、 动词的-ing形式、 动词的-ed形式 1. 2020（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词） 2019（动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词） 2. 2018（动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词） 3. 2017（动词不定式、动名词、现在分词） 考查分析句子结构的能力，对非谓语动词作用的判断。 过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作定语、补语、状语；动名词作宾语、主语；动词用法和固定搭配均是考查重点。
全国卷四年真题汇编
一
1. 单句语法填空
1. (2021全国甲卷)It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2. (2021全国甲卷)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
3. (2021全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of ________(visit) the place.
4. (2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
5. (2020·全国Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 __________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
6. (2020·全国II)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
7. (2020·全国II)They make great gifts and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
8. (2020·全国II)They are easy __________ (care) for and make great presents.
9. (2020·全国III)The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.
10. (2020·全国III)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds __________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
11. (2019·全国Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area.
12. (2019·全国Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by __________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
13. (2019·全国II)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
14. (2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
15. (2019·全国II)When we got a call __________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
16. (2019·全国III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
17. (2018·全国Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long __________(see) the benefit.
18. (2018·全国Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________(die) early by running.
19. (2018·全国II)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________(improve) water quality.
20. (2018·全国II)China’s approach to protecting its environment while __________(feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
21. (2018·全国III)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________(challenge).
22. (2018·全国III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________(stay) and watch.
23. (2017·全国Ⅰ)They are required __________(process) the food that we eat.
24. (2017·全国Ⅰ)By __________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
25. (2017·全国II)This included digging up the road, __________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
26. (2017·全国III)But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term __________(rest).
27. (2017·全国III)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants __________(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】1. to walk
2. spending
3. visiting
4. to have
5. to find
6. coming
7. decorated
8. to care
9. to find
10. surrounding
11. to perform
12. noting
13. being
14. to retire
15. saying
16. listening
17. to see
18. dying
19. to improve
20. feeding
21. looking, challenged
22. to stay
23. to process
24. eating
25. laying
26. resting
27. to prove
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1. 考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
2. 考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
3. 考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
11. 考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。
12. 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
13. 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
14. 考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
15. 考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词call，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系，故填saying。
16. 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
17. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你没有必要跑的很快或长时间跑去看（它的）好处。根据语义，“see the benefit”是表示目的关系。故填to see。
18. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你或许会喝酒、抽烟、超重，但仍可以通过跑步降低早死的风险。根据短语a risk of (doing) sth.可知，die需变为其名词或动名词形式作宾语，death是名词，多用于表示“谁谁的死”、“谁谁的噩耗”；dying表示垂死状态，dying用于短语“risk of doing sth.”，表示什么什么的风险，故此处填dying。
19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：政府鼓励农民不去种水稻而是种植玉米是为了改善水质。根据语义，这里(improve) water quality是表示目的。故填to improve。
20. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国在为公民提供食物同时保护环境的方法为全世界的农业和食物政策制定者们提供了一些启示。这里(feed) its citizens是作状语，且与主语China’s approach是主动关系。故填feeding。
21. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我迅速低下身子，低下头去避免直接去看他的眼睛以便他没有感觉到被挑战。动词avoid后接动名词作宾语，故填looking。句中feel是连系动词，根据语义采用challenge的过去分词形式作表语（含被动关系），故填challenged。
22. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦他的信息被发送了，他允许我待在那里观看。根据allow sb to do固定结构可知，故填to stay。
23. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们被要求去加工处理我们所吃的食物。require sb/sth to do是固定结构，故填to process。
24. 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过吃更多快餐，人们获得的盐和脂肪会超过他们在饮食当中所需要的（盐和脂肪）。介词by后接动名词作宾语，故填eating。
25. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道并在顶端建造结实的屋顶。根据分析和并列结构，此处用动名词laying作谓语included的宾语，与digging并列。故填laying。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但不像学校的朋友，16岁的Sarah不会花半个学期的时间来休息。根据固定结构spend time （in）doing sth.可知，故填resting。
27. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，已经和顶尖模特参加各种表演的Sarah想去证明她既有美貌也有大脑。动词want后接动词不定式作宾语，故填to prove。
二
2. 下列各句中均有一处错误，指出并改正。
1. (2021全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs
3. (2020·全国Ⅰ)My mom told me how to preparing it.
4. (2019·全国Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
5. (2019·全国III)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
6. (2018·全国Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
7. (2018·全国II)But no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
8. (2018·全国III)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
9. (2018·全国III)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious.
【答案】1. talk→talking
2. frying→fried
3. preparing→prepare
4. say→saying
5. manage→managing
6. sell→selling
7. watching→watch
8. wait→waiting
9. eager后加to
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
4. 考查现在分词。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语，与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
5. 考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为“成功做了某事”，是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。
6. 考查非谓语动词。by是介词，在这里是“通过”之意，后面用动名词作宾语。故把sell改成selling。
7. 考查非谓语动词。ask to do sth.是固定结构，意思是“要求去做某事”。故把watching改成watch。
8. 考查非谓语动词。根据语法分析，“wait to …paragraph aloud”是作伴随状语，wait的动作执行者是主语everyone，所以用现在分词。故把wait改成waiting。
9. 考查非谓语动词。be eager to do sth.是固定结构，意思是“渴望去做……”，故在eager后加to。